Article(id=1217789899416195583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1217789884081820362, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406615, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1725292800000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-03, revisedDate=1744560000000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768273337462, onlineDateStr=2026-01-13, pubDate=1753632000000, pubDateStr=2025-07-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768273337462, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768273337462, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768273337462, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1217789884081820362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='21', pageStart='8761', pageEnd='9209', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768273333807, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768273602927, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217791012932604619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1217789884081820362, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217791012932604620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1217789884081820362, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=9018, endPage=9027, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1217789900003398217, articleId=1217789899416195583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Improved YOLO Based on Swin Transformer for Dense Scene Pedestrian Detection Algorithm, columnId=1156262729162810294, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Automation and Computational Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
In dense scenes, the frequent occurrence of occluded or small-scale pedestrian objects poses significant challenges to traditional object detection models, frequently leading to a high number of missed detections and false positives. In order to solve the problem of high false negative rate and false positive rate in pedestrian detection in such dense scenes, a novel dense scene pedestrian detection framework called ST-YOLO was proposed. Firstly, the low-level small object detection layer in YOLOv5's backbone network was integrated into the feature pyramid network and path aggregation network structure, adding a pedestrian detection layer for detecting small objects. Secondly, the neck network of YOLOv5 was improved by utilizing multi-scale global information based on Swin Transformer and local information extracted by convolutional neural networks (CNN) to construct aggregated features and enhance the network's feature extraction capability. And the SIoU (scalable IoU) loss function was introduced in the prediction process to accelerate the convergence speed of the model and improve detection capability. Finally, Soft NMS (soft non maximum suppression) was used instead of the original non maximum suppression (NMS) algorithm to reduce the problem of mistakenly deleting detection boxes during the non maximum suppression stage and lower the false alarm rate of the detection algorithm. A large number of experiments on the Wide Person dataset have shown that the improved ST-YOLO algorithm has improved accuracy and mAP0.5 by 5.7% and 3.6% respectively compared to the current mainstream YOLOv9 algorithm.
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在密集场景中,常常包含众多被遮挡或者小尺度的行人目标。这样的场景对常规的目标检测模型提出了挑战,往往会出现大量的漏检和错检问题。为了解决密集场景中行人检测时出现的高漏报率和误报率问题,提出了一种新的密集场景行人检测框架ST-YOLO。首先,将YOLOv5的骨干网络中的低层小目标检测层融入特征金字塔网络和路径聚合网络结构中,增加了一个检测小目标行人检测层;其次,对YOLOv5的颈部网络进行改进,利用基于Swin Transformer的多尺度全局信息和卷积神经网络(convolutional neural networks,CNN)所提取的局部信息来构建聚合特征,提高网络的特征提取能力;并且在预测过程中引入了SIoU(scalable-IoU)损失函数,加快模型的收敛速度和提升检测能力;最后,使用Soft-NMS(soft non-maximum suppression)代替原非极大值抑制(non-maximum suppression,NMS)算法,减少非最大化抑制阶段误删除检测框问题,降低了检测算法的误报率。在Wider Person数据集上的大量实验表明,改进后的ST-YOLO算法的精度和mAP0.5比目前主流的YOLOv9算法分别提升了5.7%和3.6%。
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张森奕(1999—),男,汉族,河南上蔡人,硕士研究生。研究方向:计算机视觉。E-mail:2422272403@qq.com。
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张森奕(1999—),男,汉族,河南上蔡人,硕士研究生。研究方向:计算机视觉。E-mail:2422272403@qq.com。
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43(11): 3579-3586., articleTitle=基于多分支混合注意力的小目标检测算法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217860130494923159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789899416195583, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=43, issue=11, pageStart=3579, pageEnd=3586, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=38, authorNames=Qin Qiangqiang, Liao Junguo, Zhou Yigou, journalName=Journal of Computer Applications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Qin Qiangqiang,
Liao Junguo,
Zhou Yigou. Small object detection algorithm based on multi branch mixed attention[J].
Journal of Computer Applications,
2023,
43(11): 3579-3586., articleTitle=Small object detection algorithm based on multi branch mixed attention, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1217860122307641391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789899416195583, awardId=62276042, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(62276042), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1217860122550911039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789899416195583, awardId=LJKZ0486, language=CN, fundingSource=辽宁省教育厅科学研究项目(LJKZ0486), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1217860122680934472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789899416195583, awardId=LJKMZ20220838, language=CN, fundingSource=辽宁省教育厅科学研究项目(LJKMZ20220838), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217860113000481185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789899416195583, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217860113013064099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789899416195583, companyId=1217860113000481185, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Railway Intelligent Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116052, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217860113021452708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789899416195583, companyId=1217860113000481185, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=大连交通大学轨道智能工程学院, 大连 116052)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1217860117865874233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789899416195583, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
The feature fusion layer structure of YOLOv5, figureFileSmall=S2jd+WaPv4W9Aw2r3jmsWQ==, figureFileBig=MMNts4nyzN1bFiunQ2GqNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860118146892621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789899416195583, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
YOLOv5的特征融合层结构 Conv为卷积块;UpSample为上采样层;C3为3层卷积层块;Concat为连接层
, figureFileSmall=S2jd+WaPv4W9Aw2r3jmsWQ==, figureFileBig=MMNts4nyzN1bFiunQ2GqNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860118314664791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789899416195583, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Structure of Swin-T Blocks, figureFileSmall=IpCJ1S2Zk3M7RwafkhwOuw==, figureFileBig=EeggkC48EwsecOFy97wMLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860118578905957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789899416195583, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
Swin-T Blocks结构 Z为特征图;LN为规范层;W-MSA为窗口多头自注意力机制;MLP为多层感知器;SW-MSA移动窗口多头自注意力机制
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Network structure of ST-YOLO, figureFileSmall=Gr8j1Dnrq779OOqcH1CA8A==, figureFileBig=VVZ74m5FtEDABXRw7Ers3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860118817981305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789899416195583, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
ST-YOLO的网络结构 Input为输入;Backbone为主干网络;Neck为颈部网络;Head为头部网络;SPPF为空间金字塔池化;STC3为3层含有注意力机制的C3卷积模块;PredictHead为检测层
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Network structure of the improved feature fusion layer, figureFileSmall=E3eL6Th7DMjKIQrKKYUXjQ==, figureFileBig=7pn1UEdiuMYSpaggbGV5Xg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860119103193996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789899416195583, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
改进的特征融合层网络结构, figureFileSmall=E3eL6Th7DMjKIQrKKYUXjQ==, figureFileBig=7pn1UEdiuMYSpaggbGV5Xg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860120042718101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789899416195583, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
STC3 module structure diagram, figureFileSmall=IUL3xltGP5wjjuSO44IdVA==, figureFileBig=reexMrTkfbIR+x/CTpkcow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860120218878876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789899416195583, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
STC3模块结构图 self.cv为卷积层;Swin Transformer为滑动窗口注意力机制模块;Concat为连接层;y为特征图
, figureFileSmall=IUL3xltGP5wjjuSO44IdVA==, figureFileBig=reexMrTkfbIR+x/CTpkcow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860120403428264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789899416195583, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Multi-scale detection layer structure, figureFileSmall=WkYXPJbGeO0rkq+D5jlGlQ==, figureFileBig=+FhcOr16kXR21eHRlj2BBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860120600560565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789899416195583, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
多尺度检测层结构 C为初级阶段特征图;L为特征金字塔网络中的特征层;P为路径聚合网络中的的不同尺度层
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Loss curves for training and testing sets, figureFileSmall=w7fuoL6ADdBYixP0pQ2YSw==, figureFileBig=YS9T1lSyWeyh4P7xQgzy4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860120965465036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789899416195583, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
训练集和测试集损失曲线, figureFileSmall=w7fuoL6ADdBYixP0pQ2YSw==, figureFileBig=YS9T1lSyWeyh4P7xQgzy4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860121099682771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789899416195583, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=
Detection effect before and after algorithm improvement, figureFileSmall=Ejxrl2FlsP0IbAE8dzvSBw==, figureFileBig=jWB2pH49lRqa7LJrWwIHDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860121242289118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789899416195583, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
算法改进前后的检测效果图, figureFileSmall=Ejxrl2FlsP0IbAE8dzvSBw==, figureFileBig=jWB2pH49lRqa7LJrWwIHDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860121368118246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789899416195583, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
ST-YOLO model ablation experimental results
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| 序号 | 基线 | 新增检 测层 | Swin Transformer | SIoU | Soft- NMS | 准确率 /% | 召回率 /% | mAP0.5 /% |
| a | √ | — | — | — | — | 73.5 | 61.2 | 65.4 |
| b | √ | √ | — | — | — | 74.5 | 64.0 | 69.1 |
| c | √ | √ | √ | — | — | 79.4 | 63.2 | 70.5 |
| d | √ | √ | √ | √ | — | 80.2 | 65.4 | 71.8 |
| e | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 80.4 | 65.6 | 75.1 |
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ST-YOLO模型消融实验
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 序号 | 基线 | 新增检 测层 | Swin Transformer | SIoU | Soft- NMS | 准确率 /% | 召回率 /% | mAP0.5 /% |
| a | √ | — | — | — | — | 73.5 | 61.2 | 65.4 |
| b | √ | √ | — | — | — | 74.5 | 64.0 | 69.1 |
| c | √ | √ | √ | — | — | 79.4 | 63.2 | 70.5 |
| d | √ | √ | √ | √ | — | 80.2 | 65.4 | 71.8 |
| e | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 80.4 | 65.6 | 75.1 |
), ArticleFig(id=1217860121691079677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789899416195583, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Model performance evaluation results before and after improvement
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| 类别 | 准确率/% | | 召回率/% | | mAP0.5/% |
| YOLOv5 | ST-YOLO | | YOLOv5 | ST-YOLO | | YOLOv5 | ST-YOLO |
| pedestrians | 80.1 | 87.3 | | 81.9 | 83.6 | | 80.5 | 88.6 |
| riders | 67.0 | 73.4 | | 40.5 | 47.6 | | 50.3 | 61.7 |
| 平均值 | 73.5 | 80.4 | | 61.2 | 65.6 | | 65.4 | 75.1 |
), ArticleFig(id=1217860121800130567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789899416195583, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
改进前后模型性能评估结果
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 类别 | 准确率/% | | 召回率/% | | mAP0.5/% |
| YOLOv5 | ST-YOLO | | YOLOv5 | ST-YOLO | | YOLOv5 | ST-YOLO |
| pedestrians | 80.1 | 87.3 | | 81.9 | 83.6 | | 80.5 | 88.6 |
| riders | 67.0 | 73.4 | | 40.5 | 47.6 | | 50.3 | 61.7 |
| 平均值 | 73.5 | 80.4 | | 61.2 | 65.6 | | 65.4 | 75.1 |
), ArticleFig(id=1217860121942736914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789899416195583, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Multi-algorithm performance comparison results
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| 算法 | 准确率/% | 召回率/% | mAP0.5/% |
| Faster RCNN | — | — | 61.5 |
YOLOv3 YOLOv5 | 74.7 73.5 | 63.6 61.2 | 70.5 65.4 |
| YOLOv7 | 77.3 | 62.6 | 70.3 |
YOLOv8 YOLOv9 | 74.4 74.7 | 60.9 65.5 | 66.3 71.5 |
| ST-YOLO | 80.4 | 65.4 | 75.1 |
), ArticleFig(id=1217860122093731867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789899416195583, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
多算法性能对比结果
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 算法 | 准确率/% | 召回率/% | mAP0.5/% |
| Faster RCNN | — | — | 61.5 |
YOLOv3 YOLOv5 | 74.7 73.5 | 63.6 61.2 | 70.5 65.4 |
| YOLOv7 | 77.3 | 62.6 | 70.3 |
YOLOv8 YOLOv9 | 74.4 74.7 | 60.9 65.5 | 66.3 71.5 |
| ST-YOLO | 80.4 | 65.4 | 75.1 |
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