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Under the guidance of the full life cycle design concept, a scheme of moving the existing downspout pipe scheme to the reinforced concrete peripheral column was proposed. The main feature of this scheme is that the downspouts are pre-embedded into the surrounding columns and used for roof drainage during the building's service life. At the end of the building's lifespan, the downspouts were used to remove blast holes. To demonstrate the feasibility of this scheme, first of all, it was verified that the material and diameter of the embedded downspout could simultaneously meet the drainage function and the function of removing the blast hole. Secondly, by drawing on the axial embedded hole blasting technology of reinforced concrete beams and using the new type of blasting equipment, the long bag for loading explosives, the feasibility of using downspouts for blasting demolition was demonstrated from both the charge structure and the blasting operation aspects. Finally, the finite element analysis software ABAQUS was used to analyze the stress distribution and stress-strain laws when two types of cross-sectional peripheral columns were placed in four downspouts with different diameters. The analysis results show that when the hollow rate is small, the embedded pipe has little influence on the specimens. In order to avoid significant impact on the peripheral columns, the hollow rate of the specimens should not be greater than 2%. In combination with the requirements of blasting demolition, the hollow ratio should not be less than 0.18% either. Subsequently, it was pointed out that the relay service duration of pipes and concrete holes is sufficient to reach the building's life cycle. Finally, it is clarified that after the downspout is built in, it can also enhance the aesthetic appeal of the building and avoid the safety risk of thieves climbing along the downspout. Therefore, it is feasible to insert reinforced concrete peripheral columns into the downspout pipe.

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在全寿命设计理念指导下,提出一种将现有落水管方案移到钢筋混凝土周边柱的方案。该方案的主要特征是:通过预埋将落水管移入周边柱内,在建筑物使用周期内用于屋面排水,待建筑寿命结束时,落水管用作拆除炮孔。为了论证该方案的可行性,首先,验证了预埋落水管材料和直径能同时满足排水功能和拆除炮孔功能;其次,结合借鉴钢筋混凝土梁轴向预埋孔爆破技术并配合使用新型爆破器材装药长袋,从装药结构和爆破操作两方面论证了落水管用于爆破拆除的可行性;最后,利用有限元分析软件ABAQUS分析了4个不同直径落水管内置入两种截面周边柱时的应力分布和应力应变规律。分析结果表明空心率较小时,预埋管对试件影响很小;为了不对周边柱有显著影响,试件空心率不宜大于2%;结合爆破拆除需要,空心率也不宜小于0.18%。随后指出了管材和混凝土孔接力服务时长足以达到建筑寿命周期;最后阐明了落水管内置后还可提升建筑的美观性,避免盗贼沿落水管攀爬的安全风险。因此,落水管内置入钢筋混凝土周边柱可行。

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叶建军(1974—),男,湖北英山人,博士,教授。研究方向:绿色爆破、绿色拆除、生态护坡。E-mail:

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叶建军(1974—),男,湖北英山人,博士,教授。研究方向:绿色爆破、绿色拆除、生态护坡。E-mail:

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叶建军(1974—),男,湖北英山人,博士,教授。研究方向:绿色爆破、绿色拆除、生态护坡。E-mail:

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Science Technology and Engineering, 2023, 23(26): 11071-11080., articleTitle=Application of fiber-reinforced materials in urban water supply and drainage pipeline repair, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217860134852805128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789896190775504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=2, pageStart=32, pageEnd=37, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=68, authorNames=阙小平, 钮如嵩, 赵琼芳, journalName=混凝土与水泥制品, refType=null, unstructuredReference=阙小平, 钮如嵩, 赵琼芳. 预应力钢筒混凝土管(PCCP)耐久性设计探讨[J]. 混凝土与水泥制品, 2022(2): 32-37., articleTitle=预应力钢筒混凝土管(PCCP)耐久性设计探讨, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217860134919913996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789896190775504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=2, pageStart=32, pageEnd=37, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=69, authorNames=Que Xiaoping, Niu Rusong, Zhao Qiongfang, journalName=Concrete & Cement Products, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Que Xiaoping, Niu Rusong, Zhao Qiongfang. 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GB/T11836—2023《混凝土和钢筋混凝土排水管》主要条款解读[J]. 混凝土与水泥制品, 2023(8): 76-82., articleTitle=GB/T11836—2023《混凝土和钢筋混凝土排水管》主要条款解读, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217860135398064666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789896190775504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=8, pageStart=76, pageEnd=82, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=73, authorNames=Wang Chunrong, Niu Rusong, Shen Lihua, journalName=Concrete and Cement Products, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Chunrong, Niu Rusong, Shen Lihua, et al. Interpretation of the main clauses of GB/T11836—2023 “Concrete and Reinforced Concrete Drainage Pipes”[J]. Concrete and Cement Products, 2023(8): 76-82., articleTitle=Interpretation of the main clauses of GB/T11836—2023 “Concrete and Reinforced Concrete Drainage Pipes”, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1217860122550911040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789896190775504, awardId=4127/00078, language=CN, fundingSource=湖北省应急管理厅安全生产专项资金(4127/00078), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1217860122672545863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789896190775504, awardId=4117/00017, language=CN, fundingSource=湖北省应急管理厅安全生产专项资金(4117/00017), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217860111834464550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789896190775504, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217860111926739251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789896190775504, companyId=1217860111834464550, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environment, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217860111947710773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789896190775504, companyId=1217860111834464550, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=湖北工业大学土木建筑与环境学院, 武汉 430000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1217860117157036791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789896190775504, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Layout of embedded pipe of downspout on flat/sloping roof, figureFileSmall=L3A42YSZvMM6fKLgUQ3jCA==, figureFileBig=fkcmSBk/qp8yRTxXELHRdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860117316420360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789896190775504, language=CN, label=图1, caption=平/坡屋面落水管预埋管布置图, figureFileSmall=L3A42YSZvMM6fKLgUQ3jCA==, figureFileBig=fkcmSBk/qp8yRTxXELHRdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860117467415316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789896190775504, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Schematic diagram of downspouts embedded in perimeter columns for buildings with flat/sloping roof, figureFileSmall=kZmUR5eVGs0xH0UOmdQETQ==, figureFileBig=o36JMaBM9lByoBLv4mKjSQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860117614215970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789896190775504, language=CN, label=图2, caption=平/坡屋面落水管在柱中预埋示意图, figureFileSmall=kZmUR5eVGs0xH0UOmdQETQ==, figureFileBig=o36JMaBM9lByoBLv4mKjSQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860117870068538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789896190775504, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Layout of charging structure, figureFileSmall=YNT7FXlzH+lXLpTgoB+vDA==, figureFileBig=59a2DpXXyHMOCzl9eMqMqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860118092366660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789896190775504, language=CN, label=图3, caption=预埋孔布置和装药, figureFileSmall=YNT7FXlzH+lXLpTgoB+vDA==, figureFileBig=59a2DpXXyHMOCzl9eMqMqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860118272721743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789896190775504, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Diagram of specimen sizes and reinforcement design, figureFileSmall=UDsnptUJWmU0vYyqrHz7Lw==, figureFileBig=42KBFmdI+nEtiWe+Ak92Qg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860118427911007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789896190775504, language=CN, label=图4, caption=试件尺寸及配筋图, figureFileSmall=UDsnptUJWmU0vYyqrHz7Lw==, figureFileBig=42KBFmdI+nEtiWe+Ak92Qg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860118637626221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789896190775504, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Specimen model and load distribution, figureFileSmall=hWubVuucUpc9sxj2loq4yQ==, figureFileBig=aWtb7yUtJzVjnit1cUfcjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860118729900918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789896190775504, language=CN, label=图5, caption=试件模型及荷载分布

e为偏心距

, figureFileSmall=hWubVuucUpc9sxj2loq4yQ==, figureFileBig=aWtb7yUtJzVjnit1cUfcjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860118834758524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789896190775504, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Stress contours of specimens with cross-sectional dimensions of 600 mm×400 mm under axial and eccentric compression, figureFileSmall=iSHizjBZta5BbrPBWFlnrQ==, figureFileBig=WmYonWvTRVwLcy8oVwMx+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860118960587655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789896190775504, language=CN, label=图6, caption=试件(600 mm×400 mm)轴心与偏心受压的应力云图

各分图中,左边是试件整体的应力云图,右边是x-y平面应力云图

, figureFileSmall=iSHizjBZta5BbrPBWFlnrQ==, figureFileBig=WmYonWvTRVwLcy8oVwMx+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860119107388302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789896190775504, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Stress-strain curves of specimens with embedded downspouts under axial and eccentric compression, figureFileSmall=VCGmF6dRSiibPCLHfawSnQ==, figureFileBig=/XWpLsbSHItxP4L8SngEbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860120063689625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789896190775504, language=CN, label=图7, caption=有内置落水管的试件轴心与偏心受压应力-应变曲线图, figureFileSmall=VCGmF6dRSiibPCLHfawSnQ==, figureFileBig=/XWpLsbSHItxP4L8SngEbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860120248239013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789896190775504, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Peak stress-porosity curves of specimens with different cross-sections, figureFileSmall=JGr0N4tVqidOR4rLnz3rjg==, figureFileBig=fwhpGtVWdJKrPZPtozpJzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860120399233957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789896190775504, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同截面试件的峰值应力-空心率曲线, figureFileSmall=JGr0N4tVqidOR4rLnz3rjg==, figureFileBig=fwhpGtVWdJKrPZPtozpJzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860120600560563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789896190775504, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Pictures of external downspouts, figureFileSmall=nVe9D8vc5sPZJqHruHCbuA==, figureFileBig=WactQKW2LZO82CYMQITNtg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860120797692863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789896190775504, language=CN, label=图9, caption=外设落水管图集, figureFileSmall=nVe9D8vc5sPZJqHruHCbuA==, figureFileBig=WactQKW2LZO82CYMQITNtg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860120881578950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789896190775504, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Standards and specifications of cast iron pipes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
管径 壁厚/mm 重量/(kg·m-1) 泄流量/(m3·h-1)
DN50 3.6 3.06 1.9
DN75 3.7 5.18 4.4
DN100 4.0 6.68 11.2
), ArticleFig(id=1217860121053545424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789896190775504, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

铸铁管标准和规格参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
管径 壁厚/mm 重量/(kg·m-1) 泄流量/(m3·h-1)
DN50 3.6 3.06 1.9
DN75 3.7 5.18 4.4
DN100 4.0 6.68 11.2
), ArticleFig(id=1217860121191957466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789896190775504, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Standard diameter size specifications and discharge capacity of PVC downspouts

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
管径/mm 壁厚/mm 质量/(kg·m-1) 泄流量/(m3·h-1)
50 2.5 0.50 2.1
65 2.7 0.76 3.6
75 2.8 0.85 4.2
90 3.2 1.22 7.4
110 3.6 1.45 12.3
), ArticleFig(id=1217860121317786597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789896190775504, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

PVC落水管标准直径尺寸规格及泄流量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
管径/mm 壁厚/mm 质量/(kg·m-1) 泄流量/(m3·h-1)
50 2.5 0.50 2.1
65 2.7 0.76 3.6
75 2.8 0.85 4.2
90 3.2 1.22 7.4
110 3.6 1.45 12.3
), ArticleFig(id=1217860121544279024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789896190775504, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Suitable unit explosive consumption of reinforced concrete members with different cross-sectional sizes and maximum charge amount for pre-embedded pipes with different diameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
断面尺寸/mm×mm 最大单位装药量/(kg·m-3) 适宜单耗/
(kg·m-3)
Φ32 mm
乳化炸药
Φ38 mm
乳化炸药
Φ50 mm
乳化炸药
Φ60 mm
乳化炸药
Φ70 mm
乳化炸药
Φ90 mm
乳化炸药
管径40、50 mm 管径65 mm 管径75 mm 管径110 mm
2 000×2 000 0.25 0.34 0.50 0.81 1.00 1.75 1.5 参考文献
[26]
1 600×1 600 0.39 0.53 0.78 1.26 1.56 2.73 1.4
1 500×1 200 0.56 0.76 1.11 1.80 2.22 3.89 1.2
1 000×700 1.42 1.94 2.85 4.63 5.71 10.00 1.0 参考文献
[28]
800×700 1.78 2.25 3.57 5.78 7.14 12.50 0.8
600×400 4.17 5.67 8.33 13.50 16.67 29.16 0.5 参考文献
[24]、[27]
500×400 5.00 6.80 10.00 16.20 20.00 35.00 0.5
300×300 11.11 15.11 22.22 36.22 44.44 77.77 0.4
), ArticleFig(id=1217860121712050177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789896190775504, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同截面尺寸钢筋混凝土杆件适宜单耗及预埋不同直径管道时的最大装药量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
断面尺寸/mm×mm 最大单位装药量/(kg·m-3) 适宜单耗/
(kg·m-3)
Φ32 mm
乳化炸药
Φ38 mm
乳化炸药
Φ50 mm
乳化炸药
Φ60 mm
乳化炸药
Φ70 mm
乳化炸药
Φ90 mm
乳化炸药
管径40、50 mm 管径65 mm 管径75 mm 管径110 mm
2 000×2 000 0.25 0.34 0.50 0.81 1.00 1.75 1.5 参考文献
[26]
1 600×1 600 0.39 0.53 0.78 1.26 1.56 2.73 1.4
1 500×1 200 0.56 0.76 1.11 1.80 2.22 3.89 1.2
1 000×700 1.42 1.94 2.85 4.63 5.71 10.00 1.0 参考文献
[28]
800×700 1.78 2.25 3.57 5.78 7.14 12.50 0.8
600×400 4.17 5.67 8.33 13.50 16.67 29.16 0.5 参考文献
[24]、[27]
500×400 5.00 6.80 10.00 16.20 20.00 35.00 0.5
300×300 11.11 15.11 22.22 36.22 44.44 77.77 0.4
), ArticleFig(id=1217860121888210957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789896190775504, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Specifications for concrete material

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
混凝土强
度等级
泊松比 抗压强度/
MPa
抗拉强度/
MPa
弹性模量/
MPa
C30 0.2 20.1 2.50 30 000
), ArticleFig(id=1217860122064371735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789896190775504, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

混凝土材料性能指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
混凝土强
度等级
泊松比 抗压强度/
MPa
抗拉强度/
MPa
弹性模量/
MPa
C30 0.2 20.1 2.50 30 000
), ArticleFig(id=1217860122194395172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789896190775504, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Specifications for reinforcement materials

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料 钢筋直径/
mm
屈服强度/
MPa
弹性模量/
MPa
泊松比
纵筋
HRB335
28 335 20 000 0.3
25 335 20 000 0.3
20 335 20 000 0.3
18 335 20 000 0.3
箍筋
HRB335
10 335 20 000 0.3
8 335 20 000 0.3
), ArticleFig(id=1217860122274086955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789896190775504, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

钢筋材料性能指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料 钢筋直径/
mm
屈服强度/
MPa
弹性模量/
MPa
泊松比
纵筋
HRB335
28 335 20 000 0.3
25 335 20 000 0.3
20 335 20 000 0.3
18 335 20 000 0.3
箍筋
HRB335
10 335 20 000 0.3
8 335 20 000 0.3
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落水管内置入钢筋混凝土周边柱的可行性
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叶建军 , 刘佳乐 , 章军政 , 陈飞 , 徐维生
科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025,25(21): 9071-9080
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025, 25(21): 9071-9080
落水管内置入钢筋混凝土周边柱的可行性
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叶建军 , 刘佳乐, 章军政, 陈飞, 徐维生
作者信息
  • 湖北工业大学土木建筑与环境学院, 武汉 430000
  • 叶建军(1974—),男,湖北英山人,博士,教授。研究方向:绿色爆破、绿色拆除、生态护坡。E-mail:

Feasibility of Embedding Downspouts into Perimeter Reinforced Concrete Columns
Jian-jun YE , Jia-le LIU, Jun-zheng ZHANG, Fei CHEN, Wei-sheng XU
Affiliations
  • School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environment, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
出版时间: 2025-07-28 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2407154
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在全寿命设计理念指导下,提出一种将现有落水管方案移到钢筋混凝土周边柱的方案。该方案的主要特征是:通过预埋将落水管移入周边柱内,在建筑物使用周期内用于屋面排水,待建筑寿命结束时,落水管用作拆除炮孔。为了论证该方案的可行性,首先,验证了预埋落水管材料和直径能同时满足排水功能和拆除炮孔功能;其次,结合借鉴钢筋混凝土梁轴向预埋孔爆破技术并配合使用新型爆破器材装药长袋,从装药结构和爆破操作两方面论证了落水管用于爆破拆除的可行性;最后,利用有限元分析软件ABAQUS分析了4个不同直径落水管内置入两种截面周边柱时的应力分布和应力应变规律。分析结果表明空心率较小时,预埋管对试件影响很小;为了不对周边柱有显著影响,试件空心率不宜大于2%;结合爆破拆除需要,空心率也不宜小于0.18%。随后指出了管材和混凝土孔接力服务时长足以达到建筑寿命周期;最后阐明了落水管内置后还可提升建筑的美观性,避免盗贼沿落水管攀爬的安全风险。因此,落水管内置入钢筋混凝土周边柱可行。

周边柱  /  落水管  /  轴向预埋炮孔  /  有限元分析  /  可行性分析

Under the guidance of the full life cycle design concept, a scheme of moving the existing downspout pipe scheme to the reinforced concrete peripheral column was proposed. The main feature of this scheme is that the downspouts are pre-embedded into the surrounding columns and used for roof drainage during the building's service life. At the end of the building's lifespan, the downspouts were used to remove blast holes. To demonstrate the feasibility of this scheme, first of all, it was verified that the material and diameter of the embedded downspout could simultaneously meet the drainage function and the function of removing the blast hole. Secondly, by drawing on the axial embedded hole blasting technology of reinforced concrete beams and using the new type of blasting equipment, the long bag for loading explosives, the feasibility of using downspouts for blasting demolition was demonstrated from both the charge structure and the blasting operation aspects. Finally, the finite element analysis software ABAQUS was used to analyze the stress distribution and stress-strain laws when two types of cross-sectional peripheral columns were placed in four downspouts with different diameters. The analysis results show that when the hollow rate is small, the embedded pipe has little influence on the specimens. In order to avoid significant impact on the peripheral columns, the hollow rate of the specimens should not be greater than 2%. In combination with the requirements of blasting demolition, the hollow ratio should not be less than 0.18% either. Subsequently, it was pointed out that the relay service duration of pipes and concrete holes is sufficient to reach the building's life cycle. Finally, it is clarified that after the downspout is built in, it can also enhance the aesthetic appeal of the building and avoid the safety risk of thieves climbing along the downspout. Therefore, it is feasible to insert reinforced concrete peripheral columns into the downspout pipe.

perimeter columns  /  downspouts  /  pre-embedded axial blast holes  /  finite element analysis  /  feasibility analysis
叶建军, 刘佳乐, 章军政, 陈飞, 徐维生. 落水管内置入钢筋混凝土周边柱的可行性. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (21) : 9071 -9080 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2407154
Jian-jun YE, Jia-le LIU, Jun-zheng ZHANG, Fei CHEN, Wei-sheng XU. Feasibility of Embedding Downspouts into Perimeter Reinforced Concrete Columns[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (21) : 9071 -9080 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2407154
钢筋混凝土结构预埋管(孔)是指在钢筋混凝土浇筑时,在其中预先布置的管道(孔洞)。通常,这些预埋管(孔)在建筑物的使用过程中发挥特定功能。如在钢筋混凝土建筑结构墙体内部预埋管充当着电气或机电管线的穿线通道[1];在钢筋混凝土楼板中预埋用作地暖的电阻丝穿线通道的预埋管(孔)[2];在大体积混凝土的施工中,预埋管道又作为降温管道,可以有效调节着混凝土内部的温度,提高混凝土结构的耐久性和安全性[3];在基坑防渗工程中,在钢筋混凝土防渗墙或预应力索道中布置注浆预埋管,可在渗水发生时迅速响应与有效堵漏[4-5];在道路工程中,在公路中布置预埋管用作为发热电缆管道,可起到融雪化冰的作用[6]。除此之外,预埋管(孔)在建筑物的寿命终结时也可以发挥功能。如,在建筑寿命较短的临时钢筋混凝土建筑中(如基坑支撑梁、制梁台座等),通过布置预埋管,在建筑物寿命终结时可用于建筑物拆除的预埋炮孔[7-8]
上述预埋(孔)的用途还只局限于建筑物使用过程中或建筑物寿命终结时发挥特定功能,其用途相对单一。近年来,人们开始尝试在钢筋混凝土建筑结构全寿命过程使均有用途的预埋(孔)创新设计,即一管多用。如在钢筋混凝土楼板布置预埋管,在建筑物寿命前期用于电气或地暖管道,建筑物寿命后期用做作预埋炮孔[9];在大体积混凝土布置预埋管,在建筑物使用寿命前期用作冷却水管,寿命终结时用作拆除炮孔[10];在道路使用寿命前期布置预埋用作机场跑道的温控水管,寿命终结时也用作拆除炮孔[11]等。这些创新不仅提高建筑物全寿命效益,还避免在拆除时钻孔,减少了钢筋混凝土建筑物拆除过程中的噪声和粉尘污染,提高了拆除效率。
依照上述预埋管(孔)全寿命设计理念,近年来提出了在建筑物周边柱中布置预埋管兼作落水管和拆除炮孔的设计方案(也可称为落水管内置入钢筋混凝土周边柱的设计方案)[12]。现详细论证该预埋管设计方案能否同时满足落水和拆除需求,验算预埋孔对钢筋混土柱抗承载力影响大小,验证预埋管寿命是否满足建筑物寿命要求等,以达到证实该技术方案可行的目的。
为综合考虑落水管排水功能和爆破拆除的需要,周边柱预埋落水管布置示意图如图1所示。
平屋面周边柱内置落水管示意图如图2(a)所示,平屋面的落水管中间段沿着建筑物周边柱的形心轴向预埋,落水管中间段与建筑物周边柱的长轴平行,落水管上端通过两个90°弯头所接的管伸出柱顶,通过漏斗与设置在天沟底的地漏连接,两个90°弯头之间的平直段部分预埋在平屋面屋面板中,平行于屋面板,落水管下端采用135°弯头接伸出柱外侧面的管。坡屋面内置落水管布示意图如图2(b)所示,落水管上端通过两个135°弯头所接的管伸出柱外侧面,通过漏斗与设置在檐沟底的地漏连接,其他设置与平屋面周边柱内置落水管相同。
为了满足爆破需求和减轻对柱承载力的影响,落水管中间部分必须要通过截面形心,如图2(c)~图2(e)所示。
落水管移入周边柱内,要同时兼顾排水和拆除功能,就要求落水管的布置方式、材料(包括壁厚)和直径能同时满足排水和拆除要求。
如上所述,落水管中间部分通过截面形心布置。落水管距离周边柱自由面的距离都相等,爆破拆除时能保证整体炸毁,从而确保建筑物的倒塌。同时,通过截面形心的落水管与周边柱内的钢筋距离相等且较远,即使将来落水管破损渗水也不会在短期内造成钢筋锈蚀,避免对柱造成致命破坏而缩短建筑寿命。
图2可知,为满足盛接雨水和排水需求,落水管上下两端的排水进出口处设置为弯管。落水管中间部分都是直管,最大限度减少了水流冲击对管道的破坏。弯管部分在后期也可以作为拆除炮孔装药通道和引线通道,直管部分都可以装药爆破,对后期利于灵活拆除爆破有利。
落水管管材材料大致分为金属类管材和塑料类管材两种。从表1表2泄流量来看,排水性能上,两者都具备较好的排水性能。考虑到兼作拆除炮孔,管材应采用塑料管材,优选性价比较高的聚氯乙烯(polyvinyl chloride,PVC)塑料。原因是在相同内径时,铸铁管在壁厚和重量上比PVC管壁厚都要大(表1表2);加上铸铁的硬度比塑料大得多,铸铁管对炸药能量消耗较大,对柱爆破拆除产生不利影响。
实际上,因为PVC管材轻便且耐久,大部分建筑物落水管选用PVC管材。另外,文献[7]中给出了采用PVC管作为钢筋混凝土基坑支撑梁轴向预埋炮孔的做法,显示相较于更早的垂直预埋孔而言,炸药单耗较钻孔爆破要小,爆破效果良好,也验证了PVC塑料管作为拆除炮孔是可行的。考虑其他种类塑料力学性能相近,管壁厚度相同或相近的情况下,用作落水管也是可行的。
落水管管径应当根据当地的屋面排水面积、降雨情况等来确定。按照《屋面工程技术规范》(GB 50345—2012)[13]的规定,落水管的内径不应小于75 mm,且每个水落口的汇水面积宜为100~200 m2,屋面每个汇水面积内,雨水排水立管不宜少于2根。
建筑屋面落水管的布置公式[14]
F=438D2/H
式(1)中:F为单根落水管允许集水面积,m2;D为落水管直径,cm;H为每小时最大降雨量,由当地气象部门提供,mm/h。
设建筑屋顶集水面积为 M,建筑周边柱的数量为N,每个周边柱分担的集水面积为F,可得
F=M/N
现今常用的大直径(110 mm以上)的落水管符合排水规范要求[15-19]。利用式(1)或根据表2的不同管径泄流量的关系,1根管径110 mm落水管的泄流能力相当于5根50 mm或3根75 mm落水管的泄流能力,考虑到与暴露在外的落水管不同,内置落水管应允许突破《屋面工程技术规范》(GB 50345—2012)规范要求,可以使用小于75 mm落水管。在实际的工程实践中,外置落水管的布置间距一般为10~15 m,而大部分建筑中周边柱之间的间距一般在3~8 m[20-22],同等的建筑屋面面积,周边柱的数量会多于落水管的数量。如果将落水管移入周边柱内(通常一根柱布置一根管),直径不改变的情况下,肯定能完成排水任务。如果移入周边柱后缩小直径,只要周边柱数量足够多,满足不同直径落水管获得同等泄水能力的数量关系即可;当周边柱数量不足时,可在隐蔽处布置一些外置落水管协助完成排水任务。
落水管的管径满足排水的同时,也要兼做拆除炮孔。已有的钢筋混凝土轴向预埋孔拆除爆破案例显示,有轴向预埋管的钢筋混凝土梁的炸药单耗为0.25 (水耦合装药)~0.5 kg/m3(空气间隔装药)[23-25](此单耗范围是基于文献中所提到的轴向预埋的钢筋混凝土梁柱不同尺寸和配筋率下拆除所需单耗。对于大截面尺寸和高配筋率的混凝土杆件,适宜炸药单耗[26-28]应提高,见表3最右列)。为了确保爆破成功,不同截面尺寸的试件最大单位装药量不应小于适宜单耗。如表3所示,黑体数据区域(对应试件空心率范围在0.03%~0.18%)的最大单位装药量是小于适宜单耗的,不可采用。可以看出在大截面尺寸下,混凝土杆件宜采用内置管径大于75 mm的落水管(如截面2 000 mm×2 000 mm时,应选择110 mm以上的管道,才可以获得大于适宜单耗的单位装药量)。当出现最大单位装药量远大于适宜单耗时,可采用间隔装药技术,使设计单位装药量接近适宜单耗。
落水管内置入周边柱后,就是一种钢筋混凝土柱中预埋轴向孔的结构。这种有轴向预埋孔的杆件结构的爆破拆除技术已经在实际工程中得到验证[23-25]。落水管与文献报道的钢筋混凝土梁轴向预埋孔略有不同,即落水管没有分段布置,而是沿整根柱通长布置。要利用这种炮孔实现建筑物拆除爆破目的,在借鉴文献[23-25]的技术基础上,需要提出一些新的爆破设计。
常见的框架结构建筑物的爆破拆除方案有定向倒塌和折叠爆破两种。这两种爆破方案都需要在建筑物开设爆破切口。显然,爆破切口范围内的周边柱只是其总长的一部分,只需在这部分周边柱中落水管装药爆破就可以实现爆破拆除目的。为了利用某段落水管,需要在该段落水管对应的周边柱表面钻孔(为斜孔,在室内楼板上钻孔)与之贯通,用作装药通道。爆破切口通常高度为2~5层楼高度(即5~15 m)。当采用定向倒塌方式时,爆破切口通常在建筑物下部,此时,周边柱的落水管装药结构如图3所示。当炸高较小时(小于5 m),采用如图3(a)所示的装药结构(此图假定柱截面较大,为保证爆破效果,采用连续结构);当炸高较大时(5 m以上),为了避免细长炮孔的拒爆和单孔药量过大的问题,可以采用深孔孔内分段的装药结构[23],并根据爆破所需单耗采用间隔或连续装药的装药结构。考虑到侧面钻孔与落水管相交处有转角,间隔装药不宜采用串珠装药,因为很容易在转角炸药发生移位甚至脱胶滑落。为了避免这个现象的发生,需要使用新发明的装药器材——装药长袋。装药长袋的结构和使用方法见文献[29]。将其用于落水管装药的具体装药结构如图3(b)所示。装药操作过程为:先在装药长袋中装好炸药雷管,再用炮泥堵塞落水管底部弯管部分,接着将装药长袋用绳索悬挂在孔口木棒上。为防止在转角处卡塞,可以先使用润滑剂润滑管道,同时在装药长袋下端用绳索悬挂重物。待装药长袋到位后,将雷管引线在孔外固定,防止其滑落到孔内。
当采用折叠爆破的方式时,下部切口范围内的周边柱爆破设计同定向爆破一致,此处不再赘述。这里只考虑上部切口范围内的周边柱的爆破设计。上部切口爆破实际上是使用周边柱中落水管的中间一段作为炮孔而实现的。其装药结构与下部切口的区别是下部封底(或称堵塞)。下部封底的作用是为装药提供支撑[图3(c)],也让爆破气体有较长作用时间。具体做法是:先在上部切口的下边缘钻取直孔(孔径等于或略大于落水管管径),与落水管垂直相交并延伸超过落水管位置,随后用长木棍塞入直孔内实现严密封底,随后装药。同样,针对不同的炸高和爆破环境,可以采用孔内分段[图3(d)]或不分段的装药结构[图3(c)]。
因此,在借鉴钢筋混凝土梁轴向预埋孔爆破拆除技术的基础上,采取补充钻取装药斜孔和封底直孔、孔内分段、装药长袋装药等措施,利用周边柱内的落水管用于定向倒塌或折叠爆破是可行的。
落水管内置入周边柱内,可将其视作空心柱。混凝土空心柱作为主要的受压构件,其性能和承载力受到多种因素的制约。其中,内置落水管对周边柱受力面积的削弱、弯曲部分对周边柱承载力产生影响。落水管对周边柱受力面积的削弱可以用空心率这个指标来衡量。
为了获得周边柱(也是空心柱)在不同空心率下对其承载力的影响,通过采用ABAQUS有限元分析软件创建数值模型,建模使用单位制为N-mm-s,网格单元尺寸为50 mm,其中混凝土采用Solid单元C3D8R建模,钢筋采用Truss单元T3D2建模。模型选自某结构高度31 m的10层框架楼,其中一层结构柱间隔5~8 m,柱高4 500 mm,截面尺寸分别为600 mm×400 mm、1 000 mm×700 mm,配筋率分别为1.4%和1.2%,混凝土等级都为C30,纵筋布置详见图4(具体材料参数见表4表5)。可以算出柱子的承载力分别为5 655 kN和15 383 kN。内置的预埋落水管分别采用管径50、75、90、110 mm的PVC材质管材,长度为4 200 mm,弯头弯曲半径为100 mm,如图4(b)所示。
试件模型及荷载分布如图5所示,在模型上下均设置刚性垫块,与混凝土通过绑定约束连接,在垫块上下两端各建立一参考点RP1、RP2,并将其与刚性垫块表面耦合,对参考点施加荷载q。模型计算采用位移加载的方式,上端约束U1(x轴方向)、U3(z轴方向)、UR2(绕y轴转动)及UR3(绕z轴转动)并在U2(y轴方向)施加位移,下端约束U1U2U3、UR2、UR3,用于模拟两端约束的边界条件。
截面尺寸600 mm×400 mm(以下简称小截面)的试件通过有限元软件进行数值模拟的应力云图如图6所示,图6(a)图6(b)两组试件分别内置0、50、75、110 mm直径的落水管,对应的空心率依次为0%、0.81%、1.84%、3.96%。可以看出,各试件在承受荷载作用时,整个试件直管部分的应力分布较为均匀。无论是在轴心受压还是偏心受压下,最大应力都集中出现在试件底端落水管弯管部位。并且随着空心率的提高,此处的应力会逐渐增大(尺寸1 000 mm×700 mm的试件也是如此,以下简称大截面,由于两种截面计算应力云图相差不大,未展示)。而较为集中的应力部位会率先达到材料的屈服强度,进而会发生塑性变形,导致结构的承载能力下降,影响结构的安全性和稳定性。为了确保结构的承载能力,可以在弯管附近采用碳纤维或玻璃纤维加筋混凝土,通过局部增强处理,有效地分散应力,减少局部应力集中现象的发生。
图7所示,分别为小截面和大截面的偏心、轴心受压试件的应力-应变曲线图。整体上看,每组大截面和小截面的偏心受压试件的峰值应力比轴心受压下试件的峰值应力小,且在大截面下整组试件的应力-应变曲线关系更加贴合。分开来看,可以看出大管径(管径110 mm)的内置管对小截面试件的峰值应力影响较大,整个的峰值应力分别下降了24% 和20%,而其他管径内置管对试件的峰值应力影响较小。另一方面,如图7(c)图7(d)所示,大截面试件内置入不同管径的管道,在轴心受压下,试件在整个过程中的应力-应变曲线下降段坡度随着管径增加变陡;但在偏心受压时,4种空心率下应力-应变曲线无显著差别。无论是偏心还是轴心受压,试件之间的峰值应力差异相对较小,且与内置管径尺寸无关。表明,空心率较小时,预埋管对试件影响很小;而空心较大时,对轴向受压能力影响较大。
通过图8可以看出,无论是大截面还是小截面试件,随着空心率的增大,试件的峰值应力都呈现出降低的趋势,而大截面试件峰值应力曲线下降坡度较缓。为了降低对周边柱的承载力影响,试件的空心率不宜超过2%,如图8(a)所示,小于空心率2%,峰值应力开始较快下降。根据这个判断指标,表3中某些试件截面内置的管径过大,空心率已经超过2%(表3中对应的数字用下划线标记),不宜采用。从表3可知,300 mm×300 mm的试件(规范允许的最小截面尺寸)为只能预埋管径40 mm的管道,而截面尺寸600 mm×400 mm适合预埋管径40~75 mm的管道。通过表3还可以发现在空心率2%以内的不同截面尺寸的试件,采用不同直径的乳化炸药,在最大单位装药量大于适宜单耗的前提下(即排除表3黑体数字区域),可以确保试件爆破破碎。
综上所述,在实际的工程应用中,试件的空心率宜控制在0.18%~2%,即满足爆破拆除要求,又不对结构产生明显不利影响。结合2.1节的分析,可以得出大截面试件应预埋大直径管道,小截面试件预埋小管径管道的规律。
PVC管材具有柔韧性好、耐腐蚀等优点。而PVC管的设计使用年限通常为50年,但在实际使用过程中,管材会受到紫外线和环境等影响,降低其使用寿命。将PVC管隐藏内置入周边柱内,则其寿命有望超过50年[30-34]。按照《混凝土和钢筋混凝土排水管》(GB/T 11836—2023)建筑规范要求,一般建筑物设计寿命为70年,特殊建筑设计寿命100年。即使内置PVC管的寿命为50年(即50年后PVC管道破损并被冲走),后续20年的排水任务完全可以由空心的混凝土周边柱完成。这一点可以从排水涵管设计寿命获得证明。中国钢筋混凝土涵管设计寿命可高达50年,其管壁厚度范围在50~100 mm[35-37]。而周边柱中的包裹内置落水管的混凝土一般厚度大于150 mm,离钢筋混凝土的距离也大于保护层厚30~50 mm。这样厚度下的混凝土管道,作为排水管道使用20~50年是可行的。
外置落水管存在诸多问题——落水管断裂,构成安全威胁;局部破损,雨水浸湿墙面;为窃贼提供攀爬便利;影响建筑物立面美观等,如图9所示。
将落水管内置到周边柱,就消除了上述所有问题。没有裸露落水管,建筑物外立面更加美观,建筑物也会更加安全。
通过对落水管内置入建筑物周边柱可行性进行分析论证,并结合ABAQUS有限元分析软件对框架结构周边柱模型的分析,得出以下结论。
(1)预埋落水管材料和直径能同时满足排水功能和拆除炮孔功能;预埋管材和混凝土孔接力服务时长足以达到建筑寿命周期;落水管内置周边柱后还可提升建筑的美观性,避免盗贼沿落水管攀爬的安全风险,落水管内置入周边柱的方案均可行且相对现有暴露在墙面的布置方案有显著优势。因此,落水管内置入建筑物周边柱可行。
(2)为了使预埋管不对周边柱有显著影响,试件空心率不宜大于2%;结合爆破拆除需要,空心率也不宜小于0.18%。
落水管内置入建筑物周边柱的设计方案践行了全寿命设计理念,实现了全寿命效益提升和成本降低的目标。进一步地在钢筋混凝土建筑结构中扩大设置预埋孔洞的思想,如在框架结构中,在所有梁柱都预埋轴向孔,在建筑物使用过程中,用于穿线管等用途,将来兼作拆除炮孔,必将改变钢筋混凝土建筑的设计、建造、使用、拆除和回用全过程。显然,这些设想也需要更深入理论分析、技术开发和工程应用验证。
  • 湖北省应急管理厅安全生产专项资金(4127/00078)
  • 湖北省应急管理厅安全生产专项资金(4117/00017)
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2025年第25卷第21期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2407154
  • 接收时间:2024-09-24
  • 首发时间:2026-01-13
  • 出版时间:2025-07-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-24
  • 修回日期:2025-04-16
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湖北省应急管理厅安全生产专项资金(4127/00078)
湖北省应急管理厅安全生产专项资金(4117/00017)
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    湖北工业大学土木建筑与环境学院, 武汉 430000
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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