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The previous structural seismic vulnerability analysis is generally based on the characteristics of the structure itself, it is rare to combine with the differences of engineering sites in the study area, the location differences of different engineering sites within the city are ignored. Taking Chengdu City as the research area and the three-story reinforced concrete frame structure as an example, an analysis method for the seismic vulnerability of reinforced concrete frame structures based on peak ground acceleration (PGA) and the maximum inter-story displacement angle θmax of the structure was proposed. For three-story reinforced concrete frame structures, this method conducts dynamic time-history analysis using the interlayer shear model to obtain θmax under each seismic response. Then, logarithmic linear fitting is performed on θmax and its corresponding ground motion to obtain the relationship between the two. For the Chengdu area, this method takes the historical ground motion data of Chengdu as the data basis and combines PGA calculation formula to obtain the PGA of each engineering site location in Chengdu. Furthermore, taking the maximum inter-layer displacement angle as the structural damage index and PGA as the ground motion intensity index, the highest structural failure probabilities of the structure under four different performance levels of full operation, basic operation, life safety and near collapse were studied, which were 94.1%, 89.1%, 74.7% and 40.8% respectively. Moreover, the overall changing trend of the structural failure probability at each performance level of the structure decreases from the west to the east. Therefore, the seismic construction requirements for structures in the western region can be appropriately strengthened, and those for structures in the eastern region can be appropriately relaxed, so as to save economic costs. The proposed method has certain application value in reducing the losses caused by earthquakes and provides a certain theoretical basis for the seismic design of building structures.

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以往的结构地震易损性分析一般是针对结构自身特性进行分析,很少结合研究区域的工程场地的差异性,忽略了城市内不同工程场地的位置差异性,因此,以成都市为研究区域,以三层钢筋混凝土框架结构为例,提出基于峰值加速度(peak ground acceleration,PGA)和结构最大层间位移角θmax的钢筋混凝土框架结构地震易损性分析方法。针对三层钢筋混凝土框架结构,该方法利用层间剪切模型进行动力时程分析,求得各地震响应下的θmax,再对θmax及其相对应的地震动进行对数线性拟合得到两者的关系式;针对成都市区域,该方法以成都市历史地震动资料为数据基础,结合PGA计算公式,得到成都市各个工程场地位置的PGA。进而,以最大层间位移角为结构损伤指标,以PGA为地震动强度指标,研究结构在充分运行、基本运行、生命安全和接近倒塌4个不同性能水准下的结构失效概率最高分别为94.1%、89.1%、74.7%和40.8%,且结构各性能水准的结构失效概率的总体变化趋势都是由西部向东部递减,因此可以适当加强西部地区结构的抗震构造要求,适当放宽东部地区的结构的抗震构造要求,以便节约经济成本。所提出的方法对降低地震灾害损失具有一定的应用价值,为建筑结构的抗震设计提供一定的理论依据。

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昌毅(1979—),男,汉族,湖南益阳人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:工程结构可靠性分析、抗震分析、结构全寿命设计与维护、工程防灾及结构安全等。E-mail:

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昌毅(1979—),男,汉族,湖南益阳人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:工程结构可靠性分析、抗震分析、结构全寿命设计与维护、工程防灾及结构安全等。E-mail:

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昌毅(1979—),男,汉族,湖南益阳人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:工程结构可靠性分析、抗震分析、结构全寿命设计与维护、工程防灾及结构安全等。E-mail:

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China Civil Engineering Journal, 2010, 43(2): 39-47., articleTitle=Performance-based seismic fragility analysis of CFST frame structures, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217860132508189153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789894655660144, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=8, pageEnd=13, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=37, authorNames=李保昆, 陈培善, 刘瑞丰, journalName=地震地磁观测与研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李保昆, 陈培善, 刘瑞丰. 《中国数字地震台网观测报告》震级的确定[J]. 地震地磁观测与研究, 2004(4): 8-13., articleTitle=《中国数字地震台网观测报告》震级的确定, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217860132600463843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789894655660144, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=8, pageEnd=13, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=38, authorNames=Li Baokun, Chen Peishan, Liu Ruifeng, journalName=Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li Baokun, Chen Peishan, Liu Ruifeng. The determination of magnitude in the reports of China National Digital Seismic Network[J]. Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research, 2004(4): 8-13., articleTitle=The determination of magnitude in the reports of China National Digital Seismic Network, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217860132701127142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789894655660144, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=26, issue=1, pageStart=14, pageEnd=22, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=39, authorNames=汪素云, 王健, 俞言祥, journalName=中国地震, refType=null, unstructuredReference=汪素云, 王健, 俞言祥, 等. 基于中国地震台网观测报告的M_L与M_S经验关系[J]. 中国地震, 2010, 26(1): 14-22., articleTitle=基于中国地震台网观测报告的M_L与M_S经验关系, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217860132835344872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789894655660144, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=26, issue=1, pageStart=14, pageEnd=22, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=40, authorNames=Wang Suyun, Wang Jian, Yu Yanxiang, journalName=Earthquake Research in China, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Suyun, Wang Jian, Yu Yanxiang, et al. The empirical relation between M_L and M_S based on bulletin of seismological observation of Chinese stations[J]. Earthquake Research in China, 2010, 26(1): 14-22., articleTitle=The empirical relation between M_L and M_S based on bulletin of seismological observation of Chinese stations, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1217860126321590508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789894655660144, awardId=52268020, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(52268020), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1217860126468391154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789894655660144, awardId=202308360115, language=CN, fundingSource=中国国家留学基金(202308360115), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1217860126581637372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789894655660144, awardId=2024-三峡锚建综-027, language=CN, fundingSource=中交第三航务工程局有限公司资助项目(2024-三峡锚建综-027), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217860114221023809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789894655660144, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217860114237801029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789894655660144, companyId=1217860114221023809, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Civil & Architectural Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217860114283938380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789894655660144, companyId=1217860114221023809, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 东华理工大学土木与建筑工程学院, 南昌 330013)]), AuthorCompany(id=1217860114434933344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789894655660144, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217860114443321954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789894655660144, companyId=1217860114434933344, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Department of Environmental Engineering and Architecture, Nagoya University, Nagoya 4648603, Japan), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217860114451710564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789894655660144, companyId=1217860114434933344, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 名古屋大学环境和建筑学研究科, 名古屋 4 648603)]), AuthorCompany(id=1217860114569151089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789894655660144, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217860114585928309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789894655660144, companyId=1217860114569151089, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 CCCC Third Harbor Engineering Bureau Hunan Branch Co., Ltd., Zhuzhou 412000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217860114594316919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789894655660144, companyId=1217860114569151089, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 中交第三航务工程局有限公司湖南分公司, 株洲 412000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1217860120831247301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789894655660144, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Schematic diagram of grid transformation in Chengdu City, figureFileSmall=9Z63IEHIR+v7C4Hch7RAmQ==, figureFileBig=A7Ynsqer/C8me4QAkt7eHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860120990630863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789894655660144, language=CN, label=图1, caption=成都市网格化示意图, figureFileSmall=9Z63IEHIR+v7C4Hch7RAmQ==, figureFileBig=A7Ynsqer/C8me4QAkt7eHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860121183568857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789894655660144, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Seismic impact coefficient curve, figureFileSmall=1Cfloqg1kHYjJXJwbBfefg==, figureFileBig=OSPzYlklu6pb1e5xG17VRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860121288426464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789894655660144, language=CN, label=图2, caption=地震影响系数曲线

α为地震影响系数;αmax为地震影响系数最大值;η1为直线下降段的下降斜率调整系数;η2为阻尼调整系数;γ为衰减指数;T为结构自振周期;Tg为特征周期

, figureFileSmall=1Cfloqg1kHYjJXJwbBfefg==, figureFileBig=OSPzYlklu6pb1e5xG17VRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860121410061289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789894655660144, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Interlayer shear model, figureFileSmall=/81w/Hm9a/ITkW0AH8a1GA==, figureFileBig=n/JUesI7qZLTjYxNg9VMYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860121582027766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789894655660144, language=CN, label=图3, caption=层间剪切模型

mi为楼层i的质量;hi为楼层i的高度;ki为楼层i的层间刚度

, figureFileSmall=/81w/Hm9a/ITkW0AH8a1GA==, figureFileBig=n/JUesI7qZLTjYxNg9VMYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860121712050178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789894655660144, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Dual line restoring force model, figureFileSmall=E1hoTZV7KFNoYqHTBKIUlg==, figureFileBig=a9FE/heRWMDvbgGC7y4tkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860121888210956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789894655660144, language=CN, label=图4, caption=双线型恢复力模型

OA段为结构屈服前的弹性阶段,刚度为k1;xy为结构的最大弹性位移;Fy为结构达到最大弹性位移时所受到的力;AB段为结构屈服,进入塑性阶段,刚度为k2;xmax为结构在塑性阶段的最大位移;BC段为构件达到最大位移后卸载,进入弹性阶段,刚度为k1;CD段为结构反向加载,进入塑性阶段,刚度为k2;DE段为结构在塑性阶段卸载后进入弹性阶段,刚度为k1

, figureFileSmall=E1hoTZV7KFNoYqHTBKIUlg==, figureFileBig=a9FE/heRWMDvbgGC7y4tkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860122068566041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789894655660144, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Flowchart of seismic vulnerability analysis, figureFileSmall=m2SmCvZYVde/lifQuYS6vw==, figureFileBig=aZL0fLkkxZXptySiQOU/3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860122173423649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789894655660144, language=CN, label=图5, caption=地震易损性分析流程图, figureFileSmall=m2SmCvZYVde/lifQuYS6vw==, figureFileBig=aZL0fLkkxZXptySiQOU/3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860122286669869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789894655660144, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Inter story shear model of three-layer reinforced concrete frame structure, figureFileSmall=Z6n1jO8iDjPg7RG9c2hNrg==, figureFileBig=IXU24wQQMqc+vmQ2y5NyEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860122408304698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789894655660144, language=CN, label=图6, caption=三层钢筋混凝土框架结构层间剪切模型, figureFileSmall=Z6n1jO8iDjPg7RG9c2hNrg==, figureFileBig=IXU24wQQMqc+vmQ2y5NyEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860122555105344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789894655660144, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Chengdu target response spectrum, figureFileSmall=B5p30mj874SFM6T/sTTYJw==, figureFileBig=MQgPyDp09du8h3YHAiGfkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860122672545864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789894655660144, language=CN, label=图7, caption=成都市目标反应谱, figureFileSmall=B5p30mj874SFM6T/sTTYJw==, figureFileBig=MQgPyDp09du8h3YHAiGfkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860122777403471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789894655660144, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Maximum inter story displacement angle curve of each floor of the structure under different earthquake actions, figureFileSmall=KUZtEIm3Fo9xQBNz5jeGSA==, figureFileBig=KPjpUYDcidr5JLJaeHdl1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860122903232596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789894655660144, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同地震作用下结构各楼层最大层间位移角曲线, figureFileSmall=KUZtEIm3Fo9xQBNz5jeGSA==, figureFileBig=KPjpUYDcidr5JLJaeHdl1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860123058421858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789894655660144, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=The relationship between the actual value of θmax and the regression equation, figureFileSmall=G1eOViuldpiNQ9O7q1LWoA==, figureFileBig=Qr7yG14qib9dCx2xYUGCyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860123226194037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789894655660144, language=CN, label=图9, caption=θmax实际值与回归方程的关系, figureFileSmall=G1eOViuldpiNQ9O7q1LWoA==, figureFileBig=Qr7yG14qib9dCx2xYUGCyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860123486240895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789894655660144, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Distribution map of peak acceleration impact in Chengdu City, figureFileSmall=ax/31OObENNKjhKW4zxzbw==, figureFileBig=Y0PkRVYK73EXFt1EyMmTPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860123641430159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789894655660144, language=CN, label=图10, caption=成都市峰值加速度影响分布图, figureFileSmall=ax/31OObENNKjhKW4zxzbw==, figureFileBig=Y0PkRVYK73EXFt1EyMmTPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860123725316248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789894655660144, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Probability distribution diagram of RC framework structure exceeding various performance levels, figureFileSmall=Bg4hO8ZZVENDdnasjtZKVg==, figureFileBig=qncP3UFtvBQ4YRvkDF2DCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860123842756769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789894655660144, language=CN, label=图11, caption=RC框架结构达到各性能水准的超越概率分布图, figureFileSmall=Bg4hO8ZZVENDdnasjtZKVg==, figureFileBig=qncP3UFtvBQ4YRvkDF2DCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860123960197285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789894655660144, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The correspondence between PEER and the site category in “Code for Seismic Design of Buildings” (GB 50011—2010)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
中国规范 Ⅰ类场地 Ⅱ类场地 Ⅲ类场地 Ⅳ类场地
PEER/
(m·s-1)
Vs30>510 260<Vs30
≤510
150<Vs30
≤260
Vs30≤150
), ArticleFig(id=1217860125310763179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789894655660144, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

PEER和《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB 50011—2010)场地类别对应关系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
中国规范 Ⅰ类场地 Ⅱ类场地 Ⅲ类场地 Ⅳ类场地
PEER/
(m·s-1)
Vs30>510 260<Vs30
≤510
150<Vs30
≤260
Vs30≤150
), ArticleFig(id=1217860125457563828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789894655660144, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Performance level and inter story displacement angle limit of reinforced concrete frame structure

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
震害等级 基本完好 轻微破坏 中等破坏 严重破坏 倒塌
θmax/rad θmax
1/450
1/450<θmax
≤1/300
1/300<
θmax≤1/150
1/150<θmax
≤1/50
θmax>
1/50
), ArticleFig(id=1217860125541449914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789894655660144, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

钢筋混凝土框架结构的破坏状态与层间位移角限值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
震害等级 基本完好 轻微破坏 中等破坏 严重破坏 倒塌
θmax/rad θmax
1/450
1/450<θmax
≤1/300
1/300<
θmax≤1/150
1/150<θmax
≤1/50
θmax>
1/50
), ArticleFig(id=1217860125625336001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789894655660144, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Limit values of inter story displacement angles for each failure stage of reinforced concrete frame structures

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性能水准 充分运行 基本运行 生命安全 接近倒塌
θmax/rad 1/450 1/300 1/150 1/50
), ArticleFig(id=1217860125776330955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789894655660144, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

钢筋混凝土框架结构各性能水准的层间位移角限值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性能水准 充分运行 基本运行 生命安全 接近倒塌
θmax/rad 1/450 1/300 1/150 1/50
), ArticleFig(id=1217860125923131604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789894655660144, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Partial earthquake motion records

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
RSN序号 震级 PGA/g RSN序号 震级 PGA/g RSN序号 震级 PGA/g RSN序号 震级 PGA/g
95 6.2 0.14 569 5.8 0.40 811 6.9 0.05 1087 6.7 1.78
138 7.4 0.13 577 7.3 0.18 963 6.7 0.42 1119 6.9 0.22
147 5.7 0.19 714 5.3 0.07 998 6.7 0.02 4040 6.6 1.09
165 6.5 0.27 739 6.9 0.25 1048 6.7 0.34 6915 7.0 0.58
450 6.2 0.08 802 6.9 0.19 1085 6.7 0.47 6923 7.0 0.05
), ArticleFig(id=1217860126036377819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789894655660144, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

部分地震动记录

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
RSN序号 震级 PGA/g RSN序号 震级 PGA/g RSN序号 震级 PGA/g RSN序号 震级 PGA/g
95 6.2 0.14 569 5.8 0.40 811 6.9 0.05 1087 6.7 1.78
138 7.4 0.13 577 7.3 0.18 963 6.7 0.42 1119 6.9 0.22
147 5.7 0.19 714 5.3 0.07 998 6.7 0.02 4040 6.6 1.09
165 6.5 0.27 739 6.9 0.25 1048 6.7 0.34 6915 7.0 0.58
450 6.2 0.08 802 6.9 0.19 1085 6.7 0.47 6923 7.0 0.05
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基于峰值加速度和最大层间位移角的钢筋混凝土框架结构地震易损性分析方法: 以成都市钢筋混凝土框架结构为例
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昌毅 1, 2 , 杨仁镪 1 , 杨子健 1 , 李革新 3
科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025,25(21): 9043-9051
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025, 25(21): 9043-9051
基于峰值加速度和最大层间位移角的钢筋混凝土框架结构地震易损性分析方法: 以成都市钢筋混凝土框架结构为例
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昌毅1, 2 , 杨仁镪1, 杨子健1, 李革新3
作者信息
  • 1 东华理工大学土木与建筑工程学院, 南昌 330013
  • 2 名古屋大学环境和建筑学研究科, 名古屋 4 648603
  • 3 中交第三航务工程局有限公司湖南分公司, 株洲 412000
  • 昌毅(1979—),男,汉族,湖南益阳人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:工程结构可靠性分析、抗震分析、结构全寿命设计与维护、工程防灾及结构安全等。E-mail:

Seismic Vulnerability Analysis Method for Reinforced Concrete Frame Structures Combined with Grid Technology and Peak Acceleration: Take Reinforced Concrete Frame Structure in Chengdu as an Example
Yi CHANG1, 2 , Ren-qiang YANG1, Zi-jian YANG1, Ge-xin LI3
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Civil & Architectural Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
  • 2 Department of Environmental Engineering and Architecture, Nagoya University, Nagoya 4648603, Japan
  • 3 CCCC Third Harbor Engineering Bureau Hunan Branch Co., Ltd., Zhuzhou 412000, China
出版时间: 2025-07-28 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2407155
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以往的结构地震易损性分析一般是针对结构自身特性进行分析,很少结合研究区域的工程场地的差异性,忽略了城市内不同工程场地的位置差异性,因此,以成都市为研究区域,以三层钢筋混凝土框架结构为例,提出基于峰值加速度(peak ground acceleration,PGA)和结构最大层间位移角θmax的钢筋混凝土框架结构地震易损性分析方法。针对三层钢筋混凝土框架结构,该方法利用层间剪切模型进行动力时程分析,求得各地震响应下的θmax,再对θmax及其相对应的地震动进行对数线性拟合得到两者的关系式;针对成都市区域,该方法以成都市历史地震动资料为数据基础,结合PGA计算公式,得到成都市各个工程场地位置的PGA。进而,以最大层间位移角为结构损伤指标,以PGA为地震动强度指标,研究结构在充分运行、基本运行、生命安全和接近倒塌4个不同性能水准下的结构失效概率最高分别为94.1%、89.1%、74.7%和40.8%,且结构各性能水准的结构失效概率的总体变化趋势都是由西部向东部递减,因此可以适当加强西部地区结构的抗震构造要求,适当放宽东部地区的结构的抗震构造要求,以便节约经济成本。所提出的方法对降低地震灾害损失具有一定的应用价值,为建筑结构的抗震设计提供一定的理论依据。

峰值加速度  /  最大层间位移角  /  钢筋混凝土框架结构  /  结构失效概率  /  网格化  /  地震易损性分析

The previous structural seismic vulnerability analysis is generally based on the characteristics of the structure itself, it is rare to combine with the differences of engineering sites in the study area, the location differences of different engineering sites within the city are ignored. Taking Chengdu City as the research area and the three-story reinforced concrete frame structure as an example, an analysis method for the seismic vulnerability of reinforced concrete frame structures based on peak ground acceleration (PGA) and the maximum inter-story displacement angle θmax of the structure was proposed. For three-story reinforced concrete frame structures, this method conducts dynamic time-history analysis using the interlayer shear model to obtain θmax under each seismic response. Then, logarithmic linear fitting is performed on θmax and its corresponding ground motion to obtain the relationship between the two. For the Chengdu area, this method takes the historical ground motion data of Chengdu as the data basis and combines PGA calculation formula to obtain the PGA of each engineering site location in Chengdu. Furthermore, taking the maximum inter-layer displacement angle as the structural damage index and PGA as the ground motion intensity index, the highest structural failure probabilities of the structure under four different performance levels of full operation, basic operation, life safety and near collapse were studied, which were 94.1%, 89.1%, 74.7% and 40.8% respectively. Moreover, the overall changing trend of the structural failure probability at each performance level of the structure decreases from the west to the east. Therefore, the seismic construction requirements for structures in the western region can be appropriately strengthened, and those for structures in the eastern region can be appropriately relaxed, so as to save economic costs. The proposed method has certain application value in reducing the losses caused by earthquakes and provides a certain theoretical basis for the seismic design of building structures.

peak ground acceleration  /  maximum inter-story displacement angle  /  reinforced concrete frame structure  /  probability of structural failure  /  gridding  /  seismic vulnerability analysis
昌毅, 杨仁镪, 杨子健, 李革新. 基于峰值加速度和最大层间位移角的钢筋混凝土框架结构地震易损性分析方法: 以成都市钢筋混凝土框架结构为例. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (21) : 9043 -9051 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2407155
Yi CHANG, Ren-qiang YANG, Zi-jian YANG, Ge-xin LI. Seismic Vulnerability Analysis Method for Reinforced Concrete Frame Structures Combined with Grid Technology and Peak Acceleration: Take Reinforced Concrete Frame Structure in Chengdu as an Example[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (21) : 9043 -9051 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2407155
地震易损性分析是地震灾害风险分析的重要组成部分,可以预测结构在不同强度地震动作用下达到或超越某种破坏状态的概率[1],从而为有效应对地震灾害、减轻地震灾害损失提供重要依据。钢筋混凝土(reinforced concrete, RC)框架结构由于其良好的承载能力和稳定性,被广泛应用于各种建筑工程中。在未来遭遇地震时,为了对RC框架结构可能发生的破坏进行评估,对其地震易损性展开研究,对预测结构震后损伤状况和提高结构的抗震能力有着重要实际工程价值和意义[2]
近年来,国内外学者对RC框架结构的地震易损性研究已取得大量成果。Dey等[3]在不同的斜坡上建立RC建筑框架,通过研究结构的易损性参数,得出以外套管系统加固结构可有效降低结构易损性的结论;Gondaliya等[4]通过一种机器学习法来评估RC框架结构的地震易损性,研究发现,基于分类和回归的算法可以较为精准地预测结构的损伤状态;刘巍[5]为研究不同高度RC框架结构抗倒塌能力,提出了基于结构抗倒塌储备系数(collapse margin ratio, CMR)的RC框架倒塌易损性的研究方法;于晓辉[6]以RC框架结构为例,开展了考虑极限状态模糊性的地震易损性分析。然而,这些研究都仅考虑结构自身特性,并未考虑RC框架结构所处地理位置的差异性,一般来说,不同的地理位置受到的地震影响不同,结构的地震易损性也会有所差异。在国内外的地震灾害风险分析相关研究中,通常与地震小区划相结合,从而将地震灾害风险更具体更直观地体现出来,也利于提高风险分析的可靠性。中国学者何芳芳[7]按照5 km×5 km的距离对宝鸡市进行等距离划分,以分析宝鸡市的地震危险性;高山等[8]基于地震活动资料对大连市普湾新区规划区进行地震小区划,并进行了地震危险性分析。然而,这些方法对研究区域划分的单位网格距离或者小区划范围过大,可能使得分析结果不够精确。
现按照500 m×500 m的网格对研究区域进行更为精细的划分,使得网格区域更符合实际工程中的工程场地,进一步提高地震易损性分析的准确性。将地震易损性分析与网格化相结合,以基于峰值加速度(peak ground acceleration, PGA)和最大层间位移角的RC框架结构为研究对象,提出结合网格化的RC框架结构地震易损性分析方法,并将该方法应用于成都市,验证该方法的有效性和可行性。
结构失效概率表示建筑结构在地震作用下,考虑水平地震动强度参数因素的影响,结构损伤达到或超越结构某一性能水准的概率[9],可由式(1)表示为
$\begin{aligned} P_{\mathrm{f}} & =1-\Phi\left[\frac{\ln (C)-\ln (\mathrm{DM})}{\sigma_{\mathrm{d}}}\right] \\ & =\Phi\left[\frac{\ln (\mathrm{DM})-\ln (C)}{\sigma_{\mathrm{d}}}\right] \end{aligned}$
式(1)中:Pf为结构失效概率;Φ为标准正态分布;C为各性能水准对应的结构损伤极限值;DM为结构损伤指标;σd为对数线性回归分析结果的标准差。一般而言,可用标准差σd来评判地震动强度参数的有效性,且当标准差σd越小,即分析结果的离散性越小,则表示该地震动强度参数的有效性越高。标准差σd的计算公式[9]
$\sigma_{\mathrm{d}}=\sqrt{\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{N}\left[\ln \left(\mathrm{DM}_{i}\right)-\ln \left(a \mathrm{IM}^{b}\right)\right]^{2}}{N-2}}$
式(2)中:DMi为第i个地震动作用下结构的最大损伤指数; i = 1 N [ l n D M i ) - l n ( a I M b ) ] 2为结构地震反应的残差平方和;N为所选地震动数量;IM为地震动强度参数;ab为回归系数。
研究区域网格化,是指把研究区域按照等距离网格划分成若干区域,从而让每个网格区域代表研究区域范围内的工程场地,进而通过分别对每个网格范围进行分析,最终得到受地震灾害影响的不同程度风险的区域,大大地提高了地震灾害风险分析的准确性。以成都市为例,按照500 m×500 m的网格大小进行划分,可得到56 662个网格,如图1所示。对各网格区域上的结构进行地震易损性分析,得到结构在整个成都地区的结构失效概率,结构在各个网格区域上的失效概率都有所不同,说明结构受到地震灾害影响的风险程度也不同。
在地震易损性分析中,建筑结构在地震作用下的损伤状况可由式(1)中的结构损伤指标DM进行评价,结构损伤指标与地震动强度参数成对数线性关系[10],表达式为
ln(DM)=lna+bln(IM)
地震动强度参数作为衡量地面运动剧烈程度的重要指标,不同的地震动强度参数对结构易损性分析结果将会有较大影响。采用峰值加速度(PGA)作为地震动强度参数[11],地震动强度参数关系式[12]可表示为
lg(PGA)=2.387+0.645M-2.416lg[R+2.647exp(0.366M)]-k1R1-k2R2-k3R3
式(4)中:PGA为峰值加速度;M为地震震级;R为震中距;R1R2R3分别为地震波在基岩、硬土和软土中的传播距离;k1k2k3分别为3种传播介质对地震波的吸收系数。
结构的地震易损性是考虑地震对结构的影响。输入实际地震动记录对结构进行动力时程分析,以此来表示结构所受到的地震反应。所研究结构的地震反应,不仅受结构本身的动力特性的影响,同时也受输入地震波的特性的影响。因此,合理选取地震动记录以确保分析结果的合理性非常重要。按照《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB 50011—2010)[11]中的地震影响系数曲线(如图2所示)计算生成的符合研究区域的标准反应谱,并以此作为地震动记录选取相匹配的目标谱,从太平洋地震工程研究中心(Pacific earthquake engineering research center, PEER)地震动数据库中选取符合该目标谱的地震动记录作为时程分析的样本[13]。并以该样本作为输入地震波,对结构进行动力时程分析和地震反应计算。同时,PEER地震动数据库的场地类别按照美国标准地表以下30 m土层剪切波速指标Vs30划分,而《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB 50011—2010)[11]采用地表以下20 m土层剪切波速Vs20和覆盖层厚度双指标进行场地类别的划分,需要将Vs30Vs20和覆盖层厚度之间的关系进行转换并将PEER地震动记录按照中国场地类别划分标准进行标定,其对应关系如表1所示[14]
除有专门规定外,建筑结构的阻尼比ζ应取0.05,此时γ=0.9,η1=0.02,η2=1.0[11]
对于多层RC框架结构,目前应用最广的模型为层间剪切模型,如图3所示。在该模型中,通常假设房屋的质量均集中于各楼层,各楼层在振动过程中始终保持水平,结构的变形为层间错动,且各层的层间位移相互独立,互不影响。
在结构动力时程分析中,结构或构件的行为特征常用力-变形的关系来描述。其中,双线型恢复力模型作为力和变形关系的最常用数学模型,不仅形式简单,还能够较好描述RC结构屈服后的滞回规律[15]。因此,也采用双线型恢复力模型,如图4所示。
选取结构最大层间位移角θmax作为结构的损伤指标,来评价结构性能状态。结构最大层间位移角可合理地描述整体结构的损伤状况,能较好地反映结构的抗震性能[16]。结构在不同强度地震作用下发生破坏,参照《建(构)筑物地震破坏等级划分》(GB/T 24335—2009)普遍采用的结构破坏等级的划分方法,可分为基本完好、轻微破坏、中等破坏、严重破坏、倒塌5个等级[17]。当以结构的最大层间位移角θmax作为结构损伤指标时,RC框架结构达到各破坏状态对应的层间位移角范围取值,如表2所示[18]
参考以往学者关于结构性能水准的划分[19],将结构的抗震性能水准分为充分运行、基本运行、生命安全和接近倒塌4个性能水准。4个不同性能水准的最大破坏程度与表2中结构的5个震害等级之间的4个临界状态相对应[20]表3给出了4个性能水准及其相对应的最大层间位移角限值。
根据上述步骤,得到基于PGA和最大层间位移角的RC框架结构地震易损性分析方法的流程图,如图5所示。
以一个三层RC框架结构为例,将其简化为层间剪切模型,如图6所示。结构的特性参数为:第一至第三层高度h1=4 m,h2=3.3 m,h3=3.3 m;第一至第三层质量m1=2 762 kg,m2=2 760 kg,m3=2 300 kg,第一至第三层的刚度k1=2.485×104 N/m,k2=1.921×104 N/m,k3=1.522×104 N/m。
选取地震动记录数据对三层RC框架结构层间剪切模型进行动力时程分析,求出各地震作用下结构的最大层间位移角θmax。选取成都市作为研究区域,其抗震设防烈度为7度,场地类别为Ⅱ类,设计地震分组为第三组[11]。以此得出符合成都市的目标反应谱,如图7所示。
从PEER地震动数据库中,选取符合图7所示的成都市目标反应谱的100条实际地震动记录。该100条地震动记录的PGA的范围在0.01g~1.78g(g为重力加速度),覆盖面较广,部分地震动记录如表4所示。
对上述RC框架结构输入100条地震动记录,得到100组最大层间位移角。按照最大层间位移角θmax数值从小到大排列,每20条地震波为一组,共5组。得到该三层结构各楼层的最大层间位移角的变化,如图8所示。
从时程分析结果来看,在100条实际地震动作用下,该RC框架结构θmax的最小值为0.000 26 rad,对应的地震动记录为RSN6923,此时该结构的性能水准为充分运行。该RC框架结构θmax的最大值为0.045 20 rad,对应的地震动记录为RSN1087,此时该结构的性能水准为接近倒塌。从总体上看,该RC框架结构θmax随着地震动PGA的增大而增大。
根据动力时程分析结果,以最大层间位移角θmax为结构损伤指标,以峰值加速度PGA为地震动强度指标,对其进行对数线性回归拟合分析,建立结构损伤指标和地震动强度指标的关系式为
lnθmax=-11.729 33+0.883 73ln(PGA)
最大层间位移角θmax的实际值与回归方程的关系如图9所示。判定系数R2=0.925 71,拟合效果较好。
通过标准差计算[式(2)]计算出回归分析的标准差σd=0.239 18,再结合结构损伤指标与地震动强度参数对数线性关系[式(5)]代入结构失效概率[式(1)],得到该RC框架结构在各级性能水准(充分运行、基本运行、生命安全、接近倒塌)的失效概率公式为
$P_{\mathrm{f}}=\Phi\left\{\frac{[-11.72933+0.88373 \ln (\mathrm{PGA})]-\ln \theta_{\max }}{0.23918}\right\}$
式(6)中:θmax为各性能水准对应的结构最大层间位移角。
根据资料显示,从公元前180年至今,成都市及其周边所发生4.0级以上地震有700多起[21-22]。根据历史地震资料,结合地震动强度参数关系[式(4)],可计算出成都市地区56 662个网格内的峰值加速度PGA,最终可得到以PGA为评价指标的成都市地区地震影响分布图,如图10所示。
从结果上来分析,在历史地震作用下,成都市最大峰值加速度为0.736g,集中在成都市的西南部地区,最小峰值加速度为0.02g,分布在成都市东部地区。地震对成都市的影响趋势总体上由西部向东部递减。
计算得到历史地震作用下成都市地区每个网格内的峰值加速度PGA,再结合结构失效概率公式[式(6)],可得到该三层RC框架结构在任一网格区域内达到或超越各级性能水准(充分运行、基本运行、生命安全、接近倒塌)的概率,绘制出整个成都市地区的超越概率分布图,如图11所示。
通过分析图10图11可知,在地震作用下,PGA在成都市的变化趋势和各级性能水准下超越概率在成都市的变化趋势大致上是相同的。PGA由西向东递减,各级性能水准下结构的超越概率也逐渐减小,结构也越安全。
图11分析,在地震作用下,同一区域的结构的性能水准越接近倒塌,其发生的可能性也越小。如在成都市的西南部位置,对应的地区是成都地区邛崃市。在各级性能水准中,该地区结构的超越概率均最大。在“充分运行”阶段,其超越概率最高可达到94.1%,在“接近倒塌”阶段,其超越概率最高为40.8%。在各级性能水准下,成都市的东南部位置,对应的地区是成都地区简阳市,该地区的超越概率都最小,是最安全的区域,该地区的结构在“充分运行”阶段,超越概率最高为20%,而在“接近倒塌”阶段,超越概率最高仅为5%。
从整个成都市区域来看,在结构的各级性能水准中,超越概率的总体趋势是由西向东递减,西部地区的结构受地震影响严重,可以适当加强该地区结构的抗震构造措施,而东部地区的结构受地震影响相对较轻,抗震要求可适当放宽,以便节约经济成本。
结合研究区域的工程场地的差异性以及地震易损性理论,提出了基于峰值加速度和结构最大层间位移角的钢筋混凝土框架结构地震易损性分析方法。并将该方法运用于成都市,通过结构失效概率公式,绘制了地震作用下整个成都市的RC框架结构在各级性能水准下(充分运行、基本运行、生命安全、接近倒塌)的超越概率分布图。通过分析可得出以下主要结论。
(1)成都市的钢筋混凝土框架结构达到充分运行、基本运行、生命安全和接近倒塌4个性能水准的结构失效概率最高分别为94.1%、89.1%、74.7%和40.8%,各级性能水准下结构的超越概率随着PGA由西向东递减而降低,PGA越小,结构越安全。
(2)同一位置的结构的性能水准越接近倒塌,超越概率越小,发生的可能性也就越小。
(3)从整个成都市区域来看,RC框架结构受地震影响趋势由西向东递减。对西部和西南部地区的结构,可以适当加强其抗震构造措施,对东部地区的结构,抗震要求可以适当放宽。
(4)结合网格化进行分析,提高了结构地震易损性分析的准确性。对降低地震灾害损失具有一定的应用价值,为建筑结构的抗震设计提供一定的理论依据。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52268020)
  • 中国国家留学基金(202308360115)
  • 中交第三航务工程局有限公司资助项目(2024-三峡锚建综-027)
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2025年第25卷第21期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2407155
  • 接收时间:2024-09-24
  • 首发时间:2026-01-13
  • 出版时间:2025-07-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-24
  • 修回日期:2025-04-18
基金
国家自然科学基金(52268020)
中国国家留学基金(202308360115)
中交第三航务工程局有限公司资助项目(2024-三峡锚建综-027)
作者信息
    1 东华理工大学土木与建筑工程学院, 南昌 330013
    2 名古屋大学环境和建筑学研究科, 名古屋 4 648603
    3 中交第三航务工程局有限公司湖南分公司, 株洲 412000
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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