Article(id=1217789893334455272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1217789884081820362, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406697, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1725465600000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-05, revisedDate=1744905600000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768273336013, onlineDateStr=2026-01-13, pubDate=1753632000000, pubDateStr=2025-07-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768273336013, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768273336013, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768273336013, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1217789884081820362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='21', pageStart='8761', pageEnd='9209', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768273333807, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768273602927, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217791012932604619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1217789884081820362, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217791012932604620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1217789884081820362, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=8851, endPage=8857, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1217789893841965082, articleId=1217789893334455272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Steam Chamber Expansion Model Considering Wellbore Heat Loss Rate in Steam Flooding, columnId=1156262729003422020, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In deep heavy oil reservoirs, substantial heat losses during steam injection are often associated with suboptimal steam chamber development, significantly reducing the efficiency of steam flooding. A novel steam chamber expansion model was introduced, incorporating a wellbore heat loss coefficient derived from vapor-liquid interface theory and heat transfer principles. Compared to existing models, the modified model was shown to predict a more pronounced steam override and a larger steam-swept area at the reservoir top. Validation against field monitoring data reveals a deviation of only 7.61%, demonstrating strong agreement with actual development conditions. Further analysis of the wellbore heat loss rate and steam chamber morphology shows that the heat loss rate peaks early in the injection process and subsequently decreases over time. It is observed that the wellbore heat loss rate increases with greater reservoir depth. Additionally, the mobility ratio is found to be negatively correlated with steam chamber development, while the shape factor is positively correlated, with larger shape factors resulting in a wider steam-swept area and a reduced impact of steam override. The research is closely integrated with theoretical concepts and practical applications, enabling rapid and accurate predictions of steam chamber front positions, optimizing steam injection parameters, and informing the design of development strategies for medium to deep heavy oil reservoirs.

, correspAuthors=Dian-fa DU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yao-zu ZHANG, Dian-fa DU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1217789896622788850, articleId=1217789893334455272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=基于井筒热损失率的蒸汽驱汽腔扩展模型, columnId=1156262729603207500, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·石油、天然气工业, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

深层稠油油藏蒸汽注入过程中存在大量热损失,导致蒸汽腔发育形态不理想,并且严重影响蒸汽驱开发效果。基于汽液界面理论和传热学,引入井筒热损失率系数并建立深层稠油油藏蒸汽驱汽腔扩展模型,从而刻画蒸汽驱汽腔发育扩展情况。通过与现有的汽腔扩展模型对比,发现修正后的模型蒸汽超覆现象更严重,位于油层顶部的蒸汽波及范围也越大,将该模型与现场监测数据对比得到其误差仅为7.61%,符合实际现场开发情况。同时对模型中井筒热损失率和汽腔扩展形态进行分析,研究结果表明:井筒热损失率在注汽初期增长至峰值,然后伴随注入时间的增加而降低,油藏埋深越大则井筒热损失率越大;拟流度比作为影响汽腔发育形态的重要因素之一,其与蒸汽腔发育情况存在负相关性;形状因子则与汽腔发育形态为正相关性,即形状因子越大,蒸汽带与水平面夹角越大,蒸汽腔波及稠油范围越广,蒸汽超覆现象影响较小。该研究将理论与实际紧密结合,帮助现场快速准确预测蒸汽腔前缘位置,从而优化注汽参数和制定相应的开发方案,为中深层、深层稠油油藏开发提供理论支持。

, correspAuthors=杜殿发, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 杜殿发(1972—),男,汉族,河北沧州人,博士,教授。研究方向:稠油热采、非常规油气渗流。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=BSiKQxr+6wNmbXQet2HWvg==, magXml=UQIfz+OUnFnYzNaWOyVtMQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=IRxRtZnYgDO68aTX5yz25Q==, pdfFileSize=4039458, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=0nJimwHPMXJ+px7j9XEHKA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=aWMK1x2bR/uSmg1DwYC9pQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

张耀祖(1996—),男,汉族,山东滨州人,硕士,助理研究员。研究方向:非常规油气开发、机器学习。E-mail:

, authorsList=张耀祖, 杜殿发)}, authors=[Author(id=1217860114225218116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=2650527785@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1217860114451710563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, authorId=1217860114225218116, language=EN, stringName=Yao-zu ZHANG, firstName=Yao-zu, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, East China Company, SINOPEC, Nanjing 210011, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1217860114585928308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, authorId=1217860114225218116, language=CN, stringName=张耀祖, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 中国石化华东油气分公司勘探开发研究院, 南京 210011, bio={"content":"

张耀祖(1996—),男,汉族,山东滨州人,硕士,助理研究员。研究方向:非常规油气开发、机器学习。E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

张耀祖(1996—),男,汉族,山东滨州人,硕士,助理研究员。研究方向:非常规油气开发、机器学习。E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217860113730290179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217860113763844617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, companyId=1217860113730290179, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, East China Company, SINOPEC, Nanjing 210011, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217860113784816140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, companyId=1217860113730290179, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国石化华东油气分公司勘探开发研究院, 南京 210011)])]), Author(id=1217860114736923265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=dudfa@upc.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1217860115991020172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, authorId=1217860114736923265, language=EN, stringName=Dian-fa DU, firstName=Dian-fa, middleName=null, lastName=DU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, 3, *, address=2 Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil & Gas Development, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266580, China
3 School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1217860116112654998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, authorId=1217860114736923265, language=CN, stringName=杜殿发, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, 3, *, address=2 非常规油气开发教育部重点实验室, 青岛 266580
3 中国石油大学(华东)石油工程学院, 青岛 266580, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217860113927422491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217860113940005404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, companyId=1217860113927422491, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil & Gas Development, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266580, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217860113952588317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, companyId=1217860113927422491, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 非常规油气开发教育部重点实验室, 青岛 266580)]), AuthorCompany(id=1217860114107777583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217860114116166193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, companyId=1217860114107777583, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217860114124554802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, companyId=1217860114107777583, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 中国石油大学(华东)石油工程学院, 青岛 266580)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1217860116418839216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=deep heavy oil reservoir), Keyword(id=1217860116527891131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=steam flooding), Keyword(id=1217860116666303178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=steam cavity expansion model), Keyword(id=1217860116821492443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=wellbore heat loss rate), Keyword(id=1217860116947321578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=enhanced oil recovery), Keyword(id=1217860117056373489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=深层稠油油藏), Keyword(id=1217860117219951358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=蒸汽驱), Keyword(id=1217860117324808969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=蒸汽腔扩展模型), Keyword(id=1217860117433860881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=井筒热损失率), Keyword(id=1217860117584855839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=提高采收率)], refs=[Reference(id=1217860122378944565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=45, issue=4, pageStart=657, pageEnd=668, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=袁士义, 王强, journalName=石油勘探与开发, refType=null, unstructuredReference=袁士义, 王强. 中国油田开发主体技术新进展与展望[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2018, 45(4): 657-668., articleTitle=中国油田开发主体技术新进展与展望, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217860122538328125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=45, issue=4, pageStart=657, pageEnd=668, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=Yuan Shiyi, Wang Qiang, journalName=Petroleum Exploration and Development, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yuan Shiyi, Wang Qiang. New progress and prospect of oilfields development technologies in China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2018, 45(4): 657-668., articleTitle=New progress and prospect of oilfields development technologies in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217860122664157254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=43, issue=11, pageStart=1664, pageEnd=1674, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=孙焕泉, 刘慧卿, 王海涛, journalName=石油学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孙焕泉, 刘慧卿, 王海涛, 等. 中国稠油热采开发技术与发展方[J]. 石油学报, 2022, 43(11): 1664-1674., articleTitle=中国稠油热采开发技术与发展方, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217860122773209165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=43, issue=11, pageStart=1664, pageEnd=1674, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=3, authorNames=Sun Huanquan, Liu Huiqing, Wang Haitao, journalName=Acta Petrolei Sinica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sun Huanquan, Liu Huiqing, Wang Haitao, et al. Development technology and direction of thermal recovery of heavy oil in China[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2022, 43(11): 1664-1674., articleTitle=Development technology and direction of thermal recovery of heavy oil in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217860122940981335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=7, issue=2, pageStart=174, pageEnd=184, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=4, authorNames=刘慧卿, 东晓虎, journalName=石油科学通报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘慧卿, 东晓虎. 稠油热复合开发提高采收率技术现状和趋势[J]. 石油科学通报, 2022, 7(2): 174-184., articleTitle=稠油热复合开发提高采收率技术现状和趋势, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217860123096170600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=7, issue=2, pageStart=174, pageEnd=184, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=5, authorNames=Liu Huiqing, Dong Xiaohu, journalName=Petroleum Science Bulletin, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu Huiqing, Dong Xiaohu. Current status and future trends of hybrid thermal EOR processes in heavy oil reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Science Bulletin, 2022, 7(2): 174-184., articleTitle=Current status and future trends of hybrid thermal EOR processes in heavy oil reservoirs, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217860123196833903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=6, issue=null, pageStart=24752, pageEnd=24764, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=6, authorNames=Du D F, Zhang Y Z, Liu X, journalName=ACS Omega, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Du D F, Zhang Y Z, Liu X, et al. New gas tracer convection-diffusion model between wells in heavy oil reservoirs[J]. ACS Omega, 2021, 6: 24752-24764., articleTitle=New gas tracer convection-diffusion model between wells in heavy oil reservoirs, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217860123414937722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1959, volume=216, issue=null, pageStart=312, pageEnd=315, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=7, authorNames=Marx J W, Langenheim R H, journalName=Petroleum Transactions, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Marx J W, Langenheim R H. Reservoir heating by hot fluid injection[J]. Petroleum Transactions, 1959, 216: 312-315., articleTitle=Reservoir heating by hot fluid injection, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217860123498823808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1973, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=4757, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=8, authorNames=Neuman C H, journalName=Society of Petroleum Engineers-SPE California Regional Meeting, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Neuman C H. A mathematical model of the steam drive process applications[C]// Society of Petroleum Engineers-SPE California Regional Meeting. California: SPE, 1973: 4757-MS., articleTitle=A mathematical model of the steam drive process applications, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217860123603681422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1983, volume=23, issue=3, pageStart=427, pageEnd=439, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=9, authorNames=Van Lookeren J, journalName=SPE Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Van Lookeren J. Calculation methods for linear and radial steam flow in oil reservoirs[J]. SPE Journal, 1983, 23(3): 427-439., articleTitle=Calculation methods for linear and radial steam flow in oil reservoirs, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217860123712733334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=31, issue=2, pageStart=160, pageEnd=162, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=10, authorNames=程林松, 刘东, 高红海, journalName=西南石油大学学报(自然科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=程林松, 刘东, 高红海, 等. 考虑拟流度比的蒸汽驱前缘预测模型研究[J]. 西南石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2009, 31(2): 160-162., articleTitle=考虑拟流度比的蒸汽驱前缘预测模型研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217860123813396636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=31, issue=2, pageStart=160, pageEnd=162, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=11, authorNames=Cheng Linsong, Liu Dong, Gao Honghai, journalName=Journal of Southwest Petroleum University (Natural Science Edition), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cheng Linsong, Liu Dong, Gao Honghai, et al. Research on steam flooding front prediction model considering pseudo mobility ratio[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University (Natural Science Edition), 2009, 31(2): 160-162., articleTitle=Research on steam flooding front prediction model considering pseudo mobility ratio, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217860123956002980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=20, issue=2, pageStart=80, pageEnd=83, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=12, authorNames=赖令彬, 潘婷婷, journalName=特种油气藏, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赖令彬, 潘婷婷. 蒸汽驱注采井间蒸汽超覆评价方法研究[J]. 特种油气藏, 2013, 20(2): 80-83., articleTitle=蒸汽驱注采井间蒸汽超覆评价方法研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217860125314957484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=20, issue=2, pageStart=80, pageEnd=83, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=13, authorNames=Lai Lingbin, Pan Tingting, journalName=Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lai Lingbin, Pan Tingting. Evaluation method of steam overlap between injection and production wells in steam flooding[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2013, 20(2): 80-83., articleTitle=Evaluation method of steam overlap between injection and production wells in steam flooding, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217860125457563829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=14, issue=5, pageStart=46, pageEnd=48, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=14, authorNames=丁祖鹏, 罗艳艳, 程林松, journalName=科学技术与工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=丁祖鹏, 罗艳艳, 程林松, 等. 考虑油相启动压力梯度的蒸汽前缘数学模型[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2014, 14(5): 46-48., articleTitle=考虑油相启动压力梯度的蒸汽前缘数学模型, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217860125583392957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=14, issue=5, pageStart=46, pageEnd=48, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=15, authorNames=Ding Zupeng, Luo Yanyan, Cheng Linsong, journalName=Science Technology and Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ding Zupeng, Luo Yanyan, Cheng Linsong, et al. Mathematical model of steam front considering the starting pressure gradient of oil phase[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2014, 14(5): 46-48., articleTitle=Mathematical model of steam front considering the starting pressure gradient of oil phase, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217860125738582214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=193740, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=16, authorNames=Huang S J, Xia Y, Cao M, journalName=SPE International Heavy Oil Conference and Exhibition, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Huang S J, Xia Y, Cao M, et al. An prediction model of steam front of horizontal steam flooding for thin heavy oil reservoirs[C]// SPE International Heavy Oil Conference and Exhibition. Kuwait City: SPE, 2018: 193740-MS., articleTitle=An prediction model of steam front of horizontal steam flooding for thin heavy oil reservoirs, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217860125885382863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=234, issue=1, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=17, authorNames=Pang Z X, Wang L T, Yin F H, journalName=Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Pang Z X, Wang L T, Yin F H, et al. Steam chamber expanding processes and bottom water invading characteristics during steam flooding in heavy oil reservoirs[J]. Energy, 2021, 234(1): 121214., articleTitle=Steam chamber expanding processes and bottom water invading characteristics during steam flooding in heavy oil reservoirs, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217860126019600599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=41, issue=1, pageStart=110, pageEnd=117, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=18, authorNames=刘昊, 程林松, 黄世军, journalName=中国石油大学学报(自然科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘昊, 程林松, 黄世军, 等. 稠油油藏溶剂辅助蒸汽驱前缘预测模型[J]. 中国石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, 41(1): 110-117., articleTitle=稠油油藏溶剂辅助蒸汽驱前缘预测模型, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217860126187372769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=41, issue=1, pageStart=110, pageEnd=117, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=19, authorNames=Liu Hao, Cheng Linsong, Huang Shijun, journalName=Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu Hao, Cheng Linsong, Huang Shijun, et al. A mathematical model for steam frontier prediction in solvent enhanced steam flooding process[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science), 2017, 41(1): 110-117., articleTitle=A mathematical model for steam frontier prediction in solvent enhanced steam flooding process, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217860126325784812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=32, issue=10, pageStart=1345, pageEnd=1348, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=20, authorNames=王志国, 张雷, 贾永英, journalName=辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=王志国, 张雷, 贾永英, 等. 热流体沿井筒注入过程热损计算方法[J]. 辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版), 2013, 32(10): 1345-1348., articleTitle=热流体沿井筒注入过程热损计算方法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217860126468391152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=32, issue=10, pageStart=1345, pageEnd=1348, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=21, authorNames=Wang Zhiguo, Zhang Lei, Jia Yongying, journalName=Journal of Liaoning Technical University (Natural Science Edition), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Zhiguo, Zhang Lei, Jia Yongying, et al. Heat loss calculation method for thermal fluid injection along the wellbore[J]. Journal of Liaoning Technical University (Natural Science Edition), 2013, 32(10): 1345-1348., articleTitle=Heat loss calculation method for thermal fluid injection along the wellbore, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217860126581637371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=22, authorNames=孙永涛, journalName=蒸汽驱全程热损及注汽参数优选研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孙永涛. 蒸汽驱全程热损及注汽参数优选研究[D]. 大庆: 大庆石油学院, 2007., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217860126736826631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=23, authorNames=Sun Yongtao, journalName=Study of the omnidistance heat losses and optimization of injected steam parameters in steam drive, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sun Yongtao. Study of the omnidistance heat losses and optimization of injected steam parameters in steam drive[D]. Daqing: Daqing Petroleum Institute, 2007., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217860126862655753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=29, issue=12, pageStart=7108, pageEnd=7121, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=24, authorNames=Zhang Y Z, Du D F, Gao Y Q, journalName=SPE Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Y Z, Du D F, Gao Y Q, et al. A new model for steam cavity expansion in vertical wells of heavy oil reservoirs[J]. SPE Journal, 2024, 29(12): 7108-7121., articleTitle=A new model for steam cavity expansion in vertical wells of heavy oil reservoirs, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217860127038816530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1962, volume=14, issue=4, pageStart=427, pageEnd=435, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=25, authorNames=Ramey H J, journalName=Journal of Petroleum Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ramey H J. Wellbore heat transmission[J]. Journal of Petroleum Technology, 1962, 14(4): 427-435., articleTitle=Wellbore heat transmission, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217860127173034268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=13, issue=2, pageStart=135, pageEnd=140, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=26, authorNames=陈元千, 石晓敏, journalName=油气藏评价与开发, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈元千, 石晓敏. 弹性二相法新式的推导及应用[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2023, 13(2): 135-140., articleTitle=弹性二相法新式的推导及应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217860127349195045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=13, issue=2, pageStart=135, pageEnd=140, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=27, authorNames=Chen Yuanqian, Shi Xiaomin, journalName=Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen Yuanqian, Shi Xiaomin. Derivation and application of a new formula of the elastic two-phase method[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2023, 13(2): 135-140., articleTitle=Derivation and application of a new formula of the elastic two-phase method, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217860127479218478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=21, issue=5, pageStart=1770, pageEnd=1774, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=28, authorNames=高清春, 汪志明, 叶西安, journalName=科学技术与工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=高清春, 汪志明, 叶西安, 等. 稠油热采垂直井筒热量损失计算模型与应用[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2021, 21(5): 1770-1774., articleTitle=稠油热采垂直井筒热量损失计算模型与应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217860127617630515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=21, issue=5, pageStart=1770, pageEnd=1774, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=29, authorNames=Gao Qingchun, Wang Zhiming, Ye Xi'an, journalName=Science Technology and Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gao Qingchun, Wang Zhiming, Ye Xi'an, et al. A heat loss calculation model for vertical wellbore and its application in heavy oil thermal recovery reservoirs[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2021, 21(5): 1770-1774., articleTitle=A heat loss calculation model for vertical wellbore and its application in heavy oil thermal recovery reservoirs, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217860127747653947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=22, issue=1, pageStart=22, pageEnd=25, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=30, authorNames=马存飞, 董春梅, 任丽华, journalName=特种油气藏, refType=null, unstructuredReference=马存飞, 董春梅, 任丽华, 等. 王146地区沙四上亚段特稠油特征及成因模式[J]. 特种油气藏, 2015, 22(1): 22-25., articleTitle=王146地区沙四上亚段特稠油特征及成因模式, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217860127827345729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=22, issue=1, pageStart=22, pageEnd=25, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=31, authorNames=Ma Cunfei, Dong Chunmei, Ren Lihua, journalName=Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ma Cunfei, Dong Chunmei, Ren Lihua, et al. Ultra-viscous oil features and genetic model of upper sub-member of Shasi in Wang-146 area[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2015, 22(1): 22-25., articleTitle=Ultra-viscous oil features and genetic model of upper sub-member of Shasi in Wang-146 area, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217860127940591945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=42, issue=4, pageStart=541, pageEnd=560, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=32, authorNames=李晓光, journalName=石油学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李晓光. 辽河坳陷欢喜岭油田稠油成藏条件及勘探开发关键技术[J]. 石油学报, 2021, 42(4): 541-560., articleTitle=辽河坳陷欢喜岭油田稠油成藏条件及勘探开发关键技术, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217860128049643858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=42, issue=4, pageStart=541, pageEnd=560, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=33, authorNames=Li Xiaoguang, journalName=Acta Petrolei Sinica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li Xiaoguang. Accumulation conditions, key technologies for exploration and development of heavy oil in Huanxiling oilfield, Liaohe Depression[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2021, 42(4): 541-560., articleTitle=Accumulation conditions, key technologies for exploration and development of heavy oil in Huanxiling oilfield, Liaohe Depression, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217860128175472983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=185, issue=null, pageStart=106676, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=34, authorNames=Tian Y P, Ju B S, Lu G Z, journalName=Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tian Y P, Ju B S, Lu G Z, et al. The comprehensive model for solvent assisted steam flooding in thin heavy oil reservoirs considering asphaltene deposition[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2020, 185: 106676., articleTitle=The comprehensive model for solvent assisted steam flooding in thin heavy oil reservoirs considering asphaltene deposition, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217860128267747676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=34, issue=12, pageStart=15843, pageEnd=15854, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=35, authorNames=Li S, Li Z M, Xu Z X, journalName=Energy & Fuels, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li S, Li Z M, Xu Z X, et al. Study of rheological properties and micro-mechanism of heavy oil emulsion prepared via ultrasonic dispersion[J]. Energy & Fuels, 34(12): 15843-15854., articleTitle=Study of rheological properties and micro-mechanism of heavy oil emulsion prepared via ultrasonic dispersion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217860128393576803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=27, issue=6, pageStart=67, pageEnd=74, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=36, authorNames=李相方, 马宏斌, 杨戬, journalName=特种油气藏, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李相方, 马宏斌, 杨戬, 等. 蒸汽驱机理再认识及全生命周期开发研究[J]. 特种油气藏, 2020, 27(6): 67-74., articleTitle=蒸汽驱机理再认识及全生命周期开发研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217860129790280042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=27, issue=6, pageStart=67, pageEnd=74, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=37, authorNames=Li Xiangfang, Ma Hongbin, Yang Jian, journalName=Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li Xiangfang, Ma Hongbin, Yang Jian, et al. Re-understanding of steam flooding mechanism and research on full life cycle development[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2020, 27(6): 67-74., articleTitle=Re-understanding of steam flooding mechanism and research on full life cycle development, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1217860122181812257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, awardId=P21086, language=CN, fundingSource=中国石化科技部项目(P21086), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217860113730290179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217860113763844617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, companyId=1217860113730290179, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, East China Company, SINOPEC, Nanjing 210011, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217860113784816140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, companyId=1217860113730290179, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国石化华东油气分公司勘探开发研究院, 南京 210011)]), AuthorCompany(id=1217860113927422491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217860113940005404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, companyId=1217860113927422491, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil & Gas Development, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266580, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217860113952588317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, companyId=1217860113927422491, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 非常规油气开发教育部重点实验室, 青岛 266580)]), AuthorCompany(id=1217860114107777583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217860114116166193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, companyId=1217860114107777583, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217860114124554802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, companyId=1217860114107777583, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 中国石油大学(华东)石油工程学院, 青岛 266580)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1217860117945566017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Diagram of steam flooding chamber expansion in deep heavy oil reservoirs, figureFileSmall=QIySZEJHCeEd1eboQO6jag==, figureFileBig=oGIQFQH4VdI+v4DXjlf8ng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860118138504012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, language=CN, label=图1, caption=深层稠油油藏蒸汽驱汽腔扩展示意图, figureFileSmall=QIySZEJHCeEd1eboQO6jag==, figureFileBig=oGIQFQH4VdI+v4DXjlf8ng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860118323053401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Diagram of pressure potential of vapor-liquid interface in steam flooding, figureFileSmall=C+RY1GaDSlpBVK3l1gQdsA==, figureFileBig=JbMQcvKticGyIiyUUEacIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860118566323044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, language=CN, label=图2, caption=蒸汽驱汽液界面压力势图

hs1hs2分别为1、2点处的蒸汽带厚度;r1r2分别为1、2点处的蒸汽带半径;re为蒸汽带顶部的半径;rb为蒸汽带底部的半径

, figureFileSmall=C+RY1GaDSlpBVK3l1gQdsA==, figureFileBig=JbMQcvKticGyIiyUUEacIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860118717318005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Diagram of steam flooding wellbore structure in deep heavy oil reservoir, figureFileSmall=YLCxRJp+wufiS2n2Ltgqsg==, figureFileBig=nqmJo4pDDZXN0VD0O6AwYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860118822175610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, language=CN, label=图3, caption=深层稠油油藏蒸汽驱井筒结构图

R1为管内流体对流换热热阻;R2为隔热管壁导热热阻;R3为隔热管内辐射换热热阻;R4为环空辐射换热热阻;R5为环空对流热热阻;R6为套管壁导热热阻;R7为水泥导热热阻;R1~R7的单位均为m2·K/W

, figureFileSmall=YLCxRJp+wufiS2n2Ltgqsg==, figureFileBig=nqmJo4pDDZXN0VD0O6AwYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860118931227522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Diagram of steam chamber expansion model comparison, figureFileSmall=4r7uGq5IS3JUo8bru7ssfg==, figureFileBig=23HpY2inojtXabO4plO+Mw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860119115776912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, language=CN, label=图4, caption=蒸汽腔扩展模型对比图, figureFileSmall=4r7uGq5IS3JUo8bru7ssfg==, figureFileBig=23HpY2inojtXabO4plO+Mw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860120059495320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Diagram of wellbore heat loss rate versus time, figureFileSmall=cmfTQ+10GClHKtt+XWVKSw==, figureFileBig=/o8gcuKv4U9quuNKdavoCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860120231461792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, language=CN, label=图5, caption=井筒热损失率随时间变化曲线图, figureFileSmall=cmfTQ+10GClHKtt+XWVKSw==, figureFileBig=/o8gcuKv4U9quuNKdavoCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860120428594092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Diagram of steam chamber front at different pseudomobility ratios, figureFileSmall=5bKgjzsWM00fKpDVg5MmyA==, figureFileBig=9NyVo9uxFcJUeisc8+L8/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860120600560564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同拟流度比下的蒸汽腔前缘形状, figureFileSmall=5bKgjzsWM00fKpDVg5MmyA==, figureFileBig=9NyVo9uxFcJUeisc8+L8/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860120797692862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Diagram of steam chamber front at different shape factors, figureFileSmall=qtdPnFZUK6EHn3XMrX4aOw==, figureFileBig=HzIxHoK+V6wMXOjZaveNiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860120961270729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同形状因子下的蒸汽腔前缘形状, figureFileSmall=qtdPnFZUK6EHn3XMrX4aOw==, figureFileBig=HzIxHoK+V6wMXOjZaveNiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860121175180248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Diagram of steam chamber front at different wellbore heat loss rate, figureFileSmall=QJL5ZzvxHLOdybjZhsSlLw==, figureFileBig=wSGo1Hii3L8y7+7JxGVmyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860121292620769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同井筒热损失率下的蒸汽腔前缘形状, figureFileSmall=QJL5ZzvxHLOdybjZhsSlLw==, figureFileBig=wSGo1Hii3L8y7+7JxGVmyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860121405866984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic parameters of reservoir in block W of Shengli oilfield

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
属性 数值 属性 数值
埋深 1 700 m 井距 100 m
油层厚度 10 m 注汽速率 1.5 kg/s
原油黏度 1.8×105 mPa·s 压力系数 0.96
蒸汽黏度 1.65×10-2 mPa·s 地表温度 5 ℃
), ArticleFig(id=1217860121586222070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

胜利油田W区块油藏基本参数表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
属性 数值 属性 数值
埋深 1 700 m 井距 100 m
油层厚度 10 m 注汽速率 1.5 kg/s
原油黏度 1.8×105 mPa·s 压力系数 0.96
蒸汽黏度 1.65×10-2 mPa·s 地表温度 5 ℃
), ArticleFig(id=1217860121707855872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Steam flooding development parameters of Block W

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
属性 数值
地层周围导热系数 2.51 kcal/(h·m·℃)
地层平均热扩散系数 0.003 m2/d
地温梯度 0.035 ℃/m
隔热管管壁导热热阻 0.07 m2·K/W
水泥环导热热阻 0.35 m2·K/W
油管内径 62 mm
), ArticleFig(id=1217860121875628043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789893334455272, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

W区块蒸汽驱开发参数表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
属性 数值
地层周围导热系数 2.51 kcal/(h·m·℃)
地层平均热扩散系数 0.003 m2/d
地温梯度 0.035 ℃/m
隔热管管壁导热热阻 0.07 m2·K/W
水泥环导热热阻 0.35 m2·K/W
油管内径 62 mm
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1146119176004939786, delFlag=0, nameCn=科学技术与工程, nameEn=Science Technology and Engineering, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1671-1815, eissn=, cn=11-4688/T, coden=null, periodic=4, language=CN, oaType=是, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=UKU/O7GSka5polgCTkbIIw==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Sci Technol Eng, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=null, updatedTime=1754445529766, createdBy=null, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=S, firstLetterEn=S, subjectCode=Natural Sciences, subjectName=自然科学, subjectCodeEn=Natural Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=UKU/O7GSka5polgCTkbIIw==, picEn=5hwlULoNwcbj3xUmVi9MAQ==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1159791870395564357, language=CN, name=科学技术与工程, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.stae.com.cn/jsygc/home, createdTime=1754445529793, updatedTime=1754445529793, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=http://www.stae.com.cn/jsygc/site/menus/20090429150146001, submissionAuthorUrl=http://www.stae.com.cn/jsygc/author/login, submissionEditorUrl=http://www.stae.com.cn/jsygc/editor/login, submissionReviewUrl=http://www.stae.com.cn/jsygc/reviewer/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1159791870441701702, language=EN, name=Science Technology and Engineering, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.stae.com.cn/jsygc/home, createdTime=1754445529804, updatedTime=1754445529804, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://www.stae.com.cn/jsygc/author/login, submissionEditorUrl=http://www.stae.com.cn/jsygc/editor/login, submissionReviewUrl=http://www.stae.com.cn/jsygc/reviewer/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1146123166801305609, websiteList=[Website(id=1148243202391400884, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146123166801305609, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxjsygc/CN, language=CN, createTime=1751692112777, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753520965431, updateBy=18614031015, name=科学技术与工程-中文站点, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=科学技术与工程, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1148622798802673703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202391400884, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1751782615614, updateTime=1751782615614, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148622798781702180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202391400884, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1751782615609, updateTime=1751782615609, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148622798769119267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202391400884, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=j86gbwi+p0Idkyl5SzIlmQ==, createTime=1751782615606, updateTime=1751782615606, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148622798794285094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202391400884, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1751782615612, updateTime=1751782615612, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148622798790090789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202391400884, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1751782615611, updateTime=1751782615611, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1155914124811976731, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146123166801305609, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxjsygc/EN, language=EN, createTime=1753521003206, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753521003206, updateBy=18614031015, name=科学技术与工程-英文站点, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Science Technology and Engineering, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1155914371227308235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155914124811976731, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1753521061952, updateTime=1753521061952, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155914371210531016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155914124811976731, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1753521061947, updateTime=1753521061947, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155914371202142407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155914124811976731, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=j86gbwi+p0Idkyl5SzIlmQ==, createTime=1753521061945, updateTime=1753521061945, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155914371223113930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155914124811976731, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1753521061950, updateTime=1753521061950, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155914371218919625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155914124811976731, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1753521061949, updateTime=1753521061949, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=科学技术与工程, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=0, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Science Technology and Engineering, journalPhotoCn=UKU/O7GSka5polgCTkbIIw==, journalPhotoEn=5hwlULoNwcbj3xUmVi9MAQ==, journalFirstLetter=S, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=null, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxjsygc/CN/10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406697, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxjsygc/EN/10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406697, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxjsygc/CN/PDF/10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406697, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxjsygc/EN/PDF/10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406697, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
基于井筒热损失率的蒸汽驱汽腔扩展模型
收藏切换
PDF下载
张耀祖 1 , 杜殿发 2, 3, *
科学技术与工程 | 论文·石油、天然气工业 2025,25(21): 8851-8857
收起
收藏切换
科学技术与工程 | 论文·石油、天然气工业 2025, 25(21): 8851-8857
基于井筒热损失率的蒸汽驱汽腔扩展模型
全屏
张耀祖1 , 杜殿发2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1 中国石化华东油气分公司勘探开发研究院, 南京 210011
  • 2 非常规油气开发教育部重点实验室, 青岛 266580
  • 3 中国石油大学(华东)石油工程学院, 青岛 266580
  • 张耀祖(1996—),男,汉族,山东滨州人,硕士,助理研究员。研究方向:非常规油气开发、机器学习。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 杜殿发(1972—),男,汉族,河北沧州人,博士,教授。研究方向:稠油热采、非常规油气渗流。E-mail:
Steam Chamber Expansion Model Considering Wellbore Heat Loss Rate in Steam Flooding
Yao-zu ZHANG1 , Dian-fa DU2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, East China Company, SINOPEC, Nanjing 210011, China
  • 2 Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil & Gas Development, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266580, China
  • 3 School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
出版时间: 2025-07-28 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406697
文章导航
收藏切换

深层稠油油藏蒸汽注入过程中存在大量热损失,导致蒸汽腔发育形态不理想,并且严重影响蒸汽驱开发效果。基于汽液界面理论和传热学,引入井筒热损失率系数并建立深层稠油油藏蒸汽驱汽腔扩展模型,从而刻画蒸汽驱汽腔发育扩展情况。通过与现有的汽腔扩展模型对比,发现修正后的模型蒸汽超覆现象更严重,位于油层顶部的蒸汽波及范围也越大,将该模型与现场监测数据对比得到其误差仅为7.61%,符合实际现场开发情况。同时对模型中井筒热损失率和汽腔扩展形态进行分析,研究结果表明:井筒热损失率在注汽初期增长至峰值,然后伴随注入时间的增加而降低,油藏埋深越大则井筒热损失率越大;拟流度比作为影响汽腔发育形态的重要因素之一,其与蒸汽腔发育情况存在负相关性;形状因子则与汽腔发育形态为正相关性,即形状因子越大,蒸汽带与水平面夹角越大,蒸汽腔波及稠油范围越广,蒸汽超覆现象影响较小。该研究将理论与实际紧密结合,帮助现场快速准确预测蒸汽腔前缘位置,从而优化注汽参数和制定相应的开发方案,为中深层、深层稠油油藏开发提供理论支持。

深层稠油油藏  /  蒸汽驱  /  蒸汽腔扩展模型  /  井筒热损失率  /  提高采收率

In deep heavy oil reservoirs, substantial heat losses during steam injection are often associated with suboptimal steam chamber development, significantly reducing the efficiency of steam flooding. A novel steam chamber expansion model was introduced, incorporating a wellbore heat loss coefficient derived from vapor-liquid interface theory and heat transfer principles. Compared to existing models, the modified model was shown to predict a more pronounced steam override and a larger steam-swept area at the reservoir top. Validation against field monitoring data reveals a deviation of only 7.61%, demonstrating strong agreement with actual development conditions. Further analysis of the wellbore heat loss rate and steam chamber morphology shows that the heat loss rate peaks early in the injection process and subsequently decreases over time. It is observed that the wellbore heat loss rate increases with greater reservoir depth. Additionally, the mobility ratio is found to be negatively correlated with steam chamber development, while the shape factor is positively correlated, with larger shape factors resulting in a wider steam-swept area and a reduced impact of steam override. The research is closely integrated with theoretical concepts and practical applications, enabling rapid and accurate predictions of steam chamber front positions, optimizing steam injection parameters, and informing the design of development strategies for medium to deep heavy oil reservoirs.

deep heavy oil reservoir  /  steam flooding  /  steam cavity expansion model  /  wellbore heat loss rate  /  enhanced oil recovery
张耀祖, 杜殿发. 基于井筒热损失率的蒸汽驱汽腔扩展模型. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (21) : 8851 -8857 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406697
Yao-zu ZHANG, Dian-fa DU. Steam Chamber Expansion Model Considering Wellbore Heat Loss Rate in Steam Flooding[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (21) : 8851 -8857 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406697
中国稠油资源储量丰富,截至2023年初已探明并控制储量高达43.5亿t,且稠油年产量占总产量的20%以上,随着勘探开发技术的不断成熟,稠油开发逐渐向深层、特稠油油藏发展[1-3]。蒸汽驱作为稠油热采的主要开发方式之一,其具有见效快、污染小和采收率高等优点,当热蒸汽沿井筒注入油藏后,蒸汽所释放的热量加热原油从而降低原油黏度与界面张力,原油流动性增加并在压差的作用下驱替至生产井[4]。在深层稠油油藏蒸汽驱开发过程中,蒸汽腔扩展情况成为决定蒸汽驱开发效果的关键因素,因此研究蒸汽腔扩展规律对提高蒸汽驱开发效率格外重要。
20世纪50年代,Marx等[5]率先建立蒸汽驱前缘扩展模型,并阐述了可测量参数与原油体积产量之间的关系,为后续蒸汽驱汽腔扩展研究奠定理论基础。Neuman[6]提出蒸汽进入油藏后主要沿垂直方向扩展的假设,并指出在蒸汽驱替过程中重力超覆是影响蒸汽驱开发效果的关键,其建立的蒸汽驱模型为预测蒸汽带厚度、蒸汽腔扩展速度和产油量提供帮助。Van-Lookeren[7]根据汽液界面形状,提出形状因子最大时的注气参数为最优参数的结论,并指出拟流度比在稠油生产过程中不可被忽略,其是影响蒸汽驱前缘形状的重要因素之一。
中国学者针对蒸汽腔扩展也提出了新的研究思路和方向,程林松等[8]基于Van-Lookeren理论推导得到考虑拟流度比和形状因子的蒸汽腔扩展模型,发现拟流度比越大则蒸汽驱波及面积和驱替效率增加,同时还从注汽过程中的协调关系入手,明晰了注汽速率和注入压力之间的关系。赖令彬等[9]则是针对蒸汽腔扩展过程中的蒸汽超覆现象进行研究,利用迭代算法得到不同蒸汽腔前缘形状下的蒸汽超覆评价方法,该研究揭示了蒸汽超覆对蒸汽驱汽腔扩展的影响,并指出蒸汽超覆会随蒸汽前缘推进而严重。考虑到稠油渗流具有非牛顿力学特征,丁祖鹏等[10]建立考虑启动压力梯度的蒸汽腔扩展模型,为现有的蒸汽腔扩展模型提供一个新思路。Huang等[11]以水平井蒸汽驱为基础,结合能量守恒方程和质量守恒方程建立了蒸汽腔前缘扩展模型,并提出蒸汽腔前缘形状为直线形时驱替范围更大,而凹型蒸汽前缘次之,凸型蒸汽前缘驱替效果最差、蒸汽超覆现象最严重。Pang等[12]通过定量分析蒸汽腔膨胀情况,并指出蒸汽主要在油层顶部运移而其液化后在重力作用下往油层底部运移,在蒸汽腔运移过程中,轻质碳氢化合物的含量在蒸汽腔的前端较高,重质组分则主要存在于蒸汽腔底部。
当前,现有的研究大多基于浅层稠油油藏,忽视了注汽过程中的热能损耗现象,认为井口蒸汽注入速率与井底蒸汽速率相同,显然这样的假设对于埋深大的稠油油藏并不适用。对于深层稠油油藏,由于注汽深度增加导致蒸汽的热能损耗现象明显,可用于加热油藏的蒸汽热量降低,蒸汽超覆现象严重。因此,现针对深层稠油油藏蒸汽驱开发特性,引入井筒热损失率系数用以描述注汽过程中的热能损耗现象,从而建立考虑蒸汽超覆、拟流度比和井筒热损失率系数的蒸汽驱汽腔扩展模型。与此同时,分析井筒热损失率与注汽时间之间的关系,并对修正后模型进行敏感性分析,进一步刻画蒸汽腔发育扩展情况。以期为中深层、深层稠油油藏开发提供理论支持,从而帮助现场快速预测蒸汽驱汽腔前缘位置。
在直井蒸汽驱开发过程中,传热和渗流机制复杂,各类因素之间相互影响[13]。为简化蒸汽驱生产过程,提出以下假设。
(1)等厚均质油藏且不考虑裂缝。
(2)井口注入参数恒定,在固定压力和速率下注入蒸汽。
(3)油管内蒸汽强迫对流传热系数和套管钢材的导热系数大。
(4)蒸汽驱以固定井网生产,油层物性和流体饱和度不受温度影响。
通过以上假设内容,可以将三维问题转化至二维平面,针对深层稠油油藏特性研究其汽液界面移动情况,并建立深层稠油油藏蒸汽驱汽腔扩展模型,如图1所示。
当蒸汽界面底部到达注汽井底端时,将注汽井径向距离r1r2汽液界面上各点压力折算到Y=0的平面上,汽液界面处压力和流动势如图2所示。
φ s 1 = P s 1 - ρ s g h s 1 φ s 2 = P s 2 - ρ s g h s 2 φ o 1 = P o 1 - ρ o g h s 1 φ o 2 = P o 2 - ρ o g h s 2
式(1)中:φs1φs2分别为汽液界面处1、2点蒸汽折算到Y=0面上的势;φo1φo2分别为汽液界面处1、2点稠油折算到Y=0面上的势;Ps1Ps2分别为汽液界面处1、2点处蒸汽的压力,Pa;Po1Po2分别为汽液界面处1、2点处稠油的压力,Pa;hs1hs2分别为1、2点处的蒸汽带厚度,m;ρs为蒸汽密度,kg/m3;ρo为稠油密度,kg/m3;g为重力加速度,m/s2
由于汽液界面两侧的压力相等,可以得到
Δφsφo=(ρo-ρs)gΔhs
当两点无限接近时,则
φ s r- φ o r=(ρos)g h s r
分别对油相和汽相利用达西公式计算,表达式为
h s r= 1 ( ρ o - ρ s ) g μ s w s 2 π r h s k s ρ s - μ o w o 2 π r h o k o ρ o
式(4)中:μs为蒸汽的黏度, mPa·s;μo为稠油的黏度, mPa·s;ws为蒸汽带中蒸汽径向速率, kg/s;wo为蒸汽带中稠油径向速率, kg/s;ks为蒸汽渗透率, μm2;ko为稠油渗透率, μm2;hs为蒸汽带厚度, m。
由于深层稠油油藏埋深大、原油黏度高等原因,拟流度比不可忽略,其中拟流度M'
$ M^{\prime}=\frac{\mu_{\mathrm{o}}^{\prime} k_{\mathrm{s}}}{\mu_{\mathrm{s}} k_{\mathrm{o}}} \frac{\rho_{\mathrm{s}} w_{\mathrm{o}}\left(r_{\mathrm{e}}\right)}{\rho_{\mathrm{o}} w_{\mathrm{s}}\left(r_{\mathrm{b}}\right)} $
式(5)中:μ'o为蒸汽加热时地层中原油黏度, mPa·s;ws(rb)为蒸汽带中rb处蒸汽速率, kg/s;wo(re)为蒸汽带中re处蒸汽速率, kg/s。
无因次形状因子ArD
$ A_{\mathrm{rD}}^{2}=\frac{\mu_{\mathrm{s}} i_{\mathrm{s}}}{\pi\left(\rho_{\mathrm{o}}-\rho_{\mathrm{s}}\right) g h^{2} k_{\mathrm{s}} \rho_{\mathrm{s}}} $
式(6)中:is为蒸汽注入速率, kg/s。
汽液界面形状方程可化简为
$ \frac{\partial h_{\mathrm{s}}}{\partial r}=-A_{\mathrm{rD}}^{2} \frac{h^{2} w_{\mathrm{s}}}{2 r h_{\mathrm{s}} i_{\mathrm{s}}}\left[1-M^{\prime} \frac{h_{\mathrm{s}}}{h-h_{\mathrm{s}}} \frac{w_{\mathrm{o}} w_{\mathrm{s}}\left(r_{\mathrm{b}}\right)}{w_{\mathrm{s}} w_{\mathrm{o}}\left(r_{\mathrm{e}}\right)}\right] $
选取一个微元体,如图3所示,可以发现注汽井井筒结构由双层隔热油管、套管和水泥环组成,而油管和套管之间的环空为了更好地防止散热,因此多充填空气、氮气和天然气等[14]
对于井筒结构为双层隔热管时,井筒总传导系数为
U=R1+R2+R3+ 1 1 / R 4 + 1 / R 5+R6+R7
由于假设3,因此可忽略管内流体对流换热热阻和套管壁导热热阻,式(8)简化为
U=R2+R3+ 1 1 / R 4 + 1 / R 5+R7
根据前人研究可以得到蒸汽注入过程中井筒热损失速度方程[15]
$ q_{\mathrm{s}}=\frac{2 \pi r_{2} U K_{\mathrm{e}}}{K_{\mathrm{e}}+r_{2} U f(t)}\left[\left(T_{\mathrm{s}}-b\right) L-\frac{a L^{2}}{2}\right] $
式(10)中:Ke为井筒周围地层导热系数, kcal/(h·m·℃),其中1 cal=4.19 J;Ts为蒸汽温度, ℃;a为地层温度梯度, ℃/m;b为地表温度, ℃;L为注汽管柱长度, m;t为注汽时间, d。
其中,利用Ramey的近似解得
f(t)=ln 2 α t r h-0.29
式(11)中:rh为井眼半径, m;α为地层平均散热系数, m2/d。
于是可以得到热损失率系数为
$ \eta=\frac{100 q_{\mathrm{s}}}{i_{\mathrm{s}}\left[X_{\mathrm{i}} C_{\mathrm{s}}+\left(1-X_{\mathrm{i}}\right) C_{\mathrm{w}}\right]} $
式(12)中:Xi为井口蒸汽干度,%;Cs为井口蒸汽的汽化潜热,kcal/kg;Cw为水的比热焓,kcal/kg;1 kcal/kg= 4.19 kJ/kg。
该系数范围为0~1,在理想状态下井筒热损失率为0,即蒸汽在注入过程中不存在热损失现象,通常对于浅薄层稠油油藏适用,然而对于埋深较大的稠油油藏,井筒热损失率成为不可忽视的存在。
当蒸汽上升至油层顶部后,沿水平向生产井方向推进,同时其受重力因素向油层底部扩展,蒸汽在径向和纵向上的运动同时进行且保持稳态平衡[16-18]。假设蒸汽在蒸汽带纵向上呈均匀递减态势,蒸汽速率比等于蒸汽带厚度与地层厚度之比,表达式为
$ \frac{h_{\mathrm{s}} i_{\mathrm{o}} i_{\mathrm{s}}\left(r_{\mathrm{b}}\right)}{i_{\mathrm{s}} i_{\mathrm{o}}\left(r_{\mathrm{e}}\right)\left(h-h_{\mathrm{s}}\right)}=1 $
现有的研究认为井底质量流速近似等于井口蒸汽质量流速,这种假设仅对于浅层稠油油藏成立,因为这类油藏大多埋深较浅,注入过程中的蒸汽干度损伤小、质量流速降低幅度小[19-20],为计算方便,可简化为注汽速率等于井底质量流速。但是在深层稠油油藏蒸汽注入过程中,井筒热损失成为不可忽视的存在,井筒热损失体现在蒸汽注入过程中蒸汽干度的损失,而蒸汽干度则是影响蒸汽质量流速的关键性因素,由此可以得到深层稠油油藏蒸汽注入速率与井底蒸汽质量流速之间关系为
i b i s=1-η
式(14)中:ib为井底质量流速, kg/s。
在蒸汽带径向上,蒸汽径向速率与井底质量流速之比为
w s i s=1-η
将式(13)和式(15)代入至蒸汽腔汽液界面方程中,积分后得到深层稠油油藏蒸汽驱汽腔扩展模型为
$ h_{\mathrm{s}}=A_{\mathrm{rD}} h \sqrt{(1-\eta)\left(1-M^{\prime}\right) \ln \frac{r_{\mathrm{e}}}{r}} $
为验证模型的准确性,将胜利油田W实验区块作为研究对象,油藏基本参数见表1。该区块为常温常压的深层稠油油藏,油藏平均埋深1 700 m,孔隙度为26%~28 %,渗透率为0.01~0.05 μm2,地面脱气原油黏度平均为18 000 mPa·s,原油密度平均为0.97 g/cm3,平均含蜡量为17.12%。由于油藏埋深大和储层物性差的原因,导致蒸汽驱注气过程中出现注汽压力高、井底蒸汽干度差等问题,最终体现为蒸汽驱汽腔发育扩展不理想以及产量衰减速度快。选取当前中外认可度较高的两类蒸汽腔扩展模型,分别将区块油藏参数代入其中,并与修正后的模型进行对比,其中现场数据通过相邻的监测井进行跟踪注气阶段时的温度、压力等参数而获取。
通过图4看出,由于Van-Lookeren的研究中忽略拟流度比的存在,因此其所建立的蒸汽驱汽腔扩展模型更为理想化,蒸汽波及效率高且蒸汽超覆现象不明显,汽腔边缘形状更加线性。考虑到这一点,程林松等[8]将拟流度比考虑进汽腔扩展模型中,模拟得到其蒸汽腔前缘的突进现象明显,但是该模型针对的目标为浅薄层稠油油藏,并且忽略了注汽过程中的热损耗,假设注入速率等于井底蒸汽质量流速,显然这样的假设不符合深层稠油油藏开发的实际情况。
通过与前人所建立的模型对比后发现,修正后的模型汽腔前缘位置靠后,蒸汽超覆现象明显,位于油层顶部的蒸汽波及面积更大,同时由于考虑了井筒热损失现象,模拟得到井筒底部的波及面积也是最小的。通过与实际现场监测到的蒸汽带数据进行对比,发现监测数据与修正后模型蒸汽前缘曲线数值误差仅为7.61%,而程林松模型误差为19.32%、Van-Lookeren模型误差为28.75%。因此得到修正后的模型能够准确地描述中深层、深层稠油油藏中蒸汽驱气液界面移动规律,进而为中深层、深层稠油油藏蒸汽驱制定开发策略以及在调整注气参数时提供理论依据。
井筒热损失率是影响蒸汽驱汽腔扩展形态的关键性因素之一,利用数学模拟软件对不同油藏埋深下的蒸汽驱井筒热损失率进行分析,选择W区块蒸汽驱开发相关参数作为井筒热损失率计算参数,如表2所示。通过图5可以发现,在注汽初期,井筒热损失率急剧上升,随后在第5天左右后井筒热损失率出现下降的趋势。因为开始注汽时,井筒周边地层温度低,注入的蒸汽需要消耗大量热能加热水泥环外区域,随着时间的增加,水泥环及地层周边温度增加,与井筒内蒸汽温差减小,热量损失也逐渐降低。
同时可以看到,在相同注汽时间下,井深越大则井筒热损失率越大,其井筒热损失率峰值为最高值。这是由于埋深大的油藏在蒸汽驱注入过程中,需要消耗更多的热量加热水泥环周边区域,蒸汽在井筒中的干度损害大、蒸汽质量流速降低明显[21],到达井底的蒸汽所携带的热量远比井口蒸汽热量低,用以加热油藏的热量也会随之减少,容易出现蒸汽超覆的现象,不利于稠油油藏开发。通过对热损失率的分析,可以在制定开发方案时调整初期注汽参数,降低地层与井筒之间的温度差,减少注汽深度带来的热损耗现象。利用注汽参数的优化从而解决因井筒热损失导致注汽干度差、汽腔发育形态不理想的问题,提高中深层稠油油藏蒸汽驱注汽提采效率。
深层稠油油藏蒸汽驱汽腔扩展主要受拟流度比、形状因子和井筒热损失率系数影响,利用W区块的油藏参数和注汽开发参数进行模拟计算。通过研究深层稠油油藏蒸汽驱汽腔扩展规律,从而帮助现场了解深层稠油油藏蒸汽驱汽腔扩展形态的关键性因素,进而通过优化注汽参数来改善蒸汽腔发育扩展形态,避免开发过程中出现蒸汽超覆现象和热利用率差等问题,最终提高蒸汽驱的整体开发效率。
拟流度比作为影响蒸汽腔扩展形态的重要因素之一,其往往不可被忽略,图6为不同拟流度比下的蒸汽驱汽腔前缘形状。随着拟流度比的增加,蒸汽驱汽腔前缘形状倾斜严重,蒸汽超覆现象明显,蒸汽波及面积和蒸汽带纵向厚度都随之减小。当拟流度大于0.5时,蒸汽腔底部无法到达油层底端,蒸汽突进严重,蒸汽带与水平面夹角变大,蒸汽超覆现象导致无法进行正常的蒸汽驱替[22-24],蒸汽驱最终采收率降低。
图7为不同形状因子下的蒸汽腔前缘扩展形状图,可以发现形状因子与蒸汽腔发育形态为正相关,即形状因子越大则蒸汽腔发育程度越好,蒸汽带波及区域也越大。当形状因子变小,则蒸汽带与水平面夹角变大,蒸汽带纵向厚度减小,蒸汽腔无法充满整个油层,仅能够波及油层顶部稠油,因此蒸汽驱波及效率也随之降低。
井筒热损失率的存在使得蒸汽从地面注入井底的过程时消耗大量热能,从而驱替稠油所用到的热量就会减少。通过图8看到,井筒热损失率与蒸汽腔发育形态存在负相关性,井筒热损失率越小则蒸汽腔发育形态越理想,蒸汽带与水平面夹角变小且曲线变陡峭。这是由于井筒热损失率降低致使进入油藏中的蒸汽所携带的热量增加,蒸汽带波及的油藏面积也随之增加,蒸汽超覆现象不明显,并最终体现在油藏采收率的提高。
(1)基于井筒热损失率建立深层稠油油藏蒸汽驱汽腔扩展模型,该模型考虑将深层稠油油藏埋深大、原油黏度高的特性考虑在内,并引入井筒热损失率系数用以描述井口与井底之间的质量流速差异现象,从而更准确的描述蒸汽腔发育扩展规律,减少蒸汽超覆现象的发生,研究对中深层、深层稠油油藏直井蒸汽驱适用性较高,帮助实际矿场提高注汽开发效率。
(2)将该模型与现有的蒸汽驱汽腔扩展模型进行对比,发现修正后的模型其蒸汽超覆现象更明显,蒸汽在油层顶部加热的区域面积更大,同时利用现场监测数据验证得到修正后的模型汽腔前缘与实际蒸汽腔前缘形态相似,两者数值误差仅为7.61%,符合实际现场开发需求。
(3)井筒热损失率是决定深层稠油油藏蒸汽腔发育形态的关键因素之一,对于埋深大的油藏,蒸汽驱在注入过程中需要损耗更多热量用以加热周围环境,尤其在注入初期损耗的热量最多,随着注入时间的增加,井筒热损失率也会注入蒸汽与水泥环周边区域的温差减小而降低。
(4)通过对蒸汽驱汽腔扩展模型的分析,发现拟流度比和与蒸汽腔发育扩展状态为负相关,拟流度比大于0.5时,蒸汽腔无法充满整个油层导致蒸汽波及区域减小,蒸汽驱波及效率降低;而形状因子越大则蒸汽腔发育形态越理想,蒸汽带倾角增加,蒸汽可波及区域增大;在深层稠油油藏开发中,井筒热损失率降低代表蒸汽在注入过程中的热损失减小,用以加热驱替油藏的蒸汽热能变大,蒸汽带厚度增加,蒸汽驱开发效率提高。
  • 中国石化科技部项目(P21086)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
袁士义, 王强. 中国油田开发主体技术新进展与展望[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2018, 45(4): 657-668.
Yuan Shiyi, Wang Qiang. New progress and prospect of oilfields development technologies in China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2018, 45(4): 657-668.
[2]
孙焕泉, 刘慧卿, 王海涛, 等. 中国稠油热采开发技术与发展方[J]. 石油学报, 2022, 43(11): 1664-1674.
Sun Huanquan, Liu Huiqing, Wang Haitao, et al. Development technology and direction of thermal recovery of heavy oil in China[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2022, 43(11): 1664-1674.
[3]
刘慧卿, 东晓虎. 稠油热复合开发提高采收率技术现状和趋势[J]. 石油科学通报, 2022, 7(2): 174-184.
Liu Huiqing, Dong Xiaohu. Current status and future trends of hybrid thermal EOR processes in heavy oil reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Science Bulletin, 2022, 7(2): 174-184.
[4]
Du D F, Zhang Y Z, Liu X, et al. New gas tracer convection-diffusion model between wells in heavy oil reservoirs[J]. ACS Omega, 2021, 6: 24752-24764.
[5]
Marx J W, Langenheim R H. Reservoir heating by hot fluid injection[J]. Petroleum Transactions, 1959, 216: 312-315.
[6]
Neuman C H. A mathematical model of the steam drive process applications[C]// Society of Petroleum Engineers-SPE California Regional Meeting. California: SPE, 1973: 4757-MS.
[7]
Van Lookeren J. Calculation methods for linear and radial steam flow in oil reservoirs[J]. SPE Journal, 1983, 23(3): 427-439.
[8]
程林松, 刘东, 高红海, 等. 考虑拟流度比的蒸汽驱前缘预测模型研究[J]. 西南石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2009, 31(2): 160-162.
Cheng Linsong, Liu Dong, Gao Honghai, et al. Research on steam flooding front prediction model considering pseudo mobility ratio[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University (Natural Science Edition), 2009, 31(2): 160-162.
[9]
赖令彬, 潘婷婷. 蒸汽驱注采井间蒸汽超覆评价方法研究[J]. 特种油气藏, 2013, 20(2): 80-83.
Lai Lingbin, Pan Tingting. Evaluation method of steam overlap between injection and production wells in steam flooding[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2013, 20(2): 80-83.
[10]
丁祖鹏, 罗艳艳, 程林松, 等. 考虑油相启动压力梯度的蒸汽前缘数学模型[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2014, 14(5): 46-48.
Ding Zupeng, Luo Yanyan, Cheng Linsong, et al. Mathematical model of steam front considering the starting pressure gradient of oil phase[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2014, 14(5): 46-48.
[11]
Huang S J, Xia Y, Cao M, et al. An prediction model of steam front of horizontal steam flooding for thin heavy oil reservoirs[C]// SPE International Heavy Oil Conference and Exhibition. Kuwait City: SPE, 2018: 193740-MS.
[12]
Pang Z X, Wang L T, Yin F H, et al. Steam chamber expanding processes and bottom water invading characteristics during steam flooding in heavy oil reservoirs[J]. Energy, 2021, 234(1): 121214.
[13]
刘昊, 程林松, 黄世军, 等. 稠油油藏溶剂辅助蒸汽驱前缘预测模型[J]. 中国石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, 41(1): 110-117.
Liu Hao, Cheng Linsong, Huang Shijun, et al. A mathematical model for steam frontier prediction in solvent enhanced steam flooding process[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science), 2017, 41(1): 110-117.
[14]
王志国, 张雷, 贾永英, 等. 热流体沿井筒注入过程热损计算方法[J]. 辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版), 2013, 32(10): 1345-1348.
Wang Zhiguo, Zhang Lei, Jia Yongying, et al. Heat loss calculation method for thermal fluid injection along the wellbore[J]. Journal of Liaoning Technical University (Natural Science Edition), 2013, 32(10): 1345-1348.
[15]
孙永涛. 蒸汽驱全程热损及注汽参数优选研究[D]. 大庆: 大庆石油学院, 2007.
Sun Yongtao. Study of the omnidistance heat losses and optimization of injected steam parameters in steam drive[D]. Daqing: Daqing Petroleum Institute, 2007.
[16]
Zhang Y Z, Du D F, Gao Y Q, et al. A new model for steam cavity expansion in vertical wells of heavy oil reservoirs[J]. SPE Journal, 2024, 29(12): 7108-7121.
[17]
Ramey H J. Wellbore heat transmission[J]. Journal of Petroleum Technology, 1962, 14(4): 427-435.
[18]
陈元千, 石晓敏. 弹性二相法新式的推导及应用[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2023, 13(2): 135-140.
Chen Yuanqian, Shi Xiaomin. Derivation and application of a new formula of the elastic two-phase method[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2023, 13(2): 135-140.
[19]
高清春, 汪志明, 叶西安, 等. 稠油热采垂直井筒热量损失计算模型与应用[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2021, 21(5): 1770-1774.
Gao Qingchun, Wang Zhiming, Ye Xi'an, et al. A heat loss calculation model for vertical wellbore and its application in heavy oil thermal recovery reservoirs[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2021, 21(5): 1770-1774.
[20]
马存飞, 董春梅, 任丽华, 等. 王146地区沙四上亚段特稠油特征及成因模式[J]. 特种油气藏, 2015, 22(1): 22-25.
Ma Cunfei, Dong Chunmei, Ren Lihua, et al. Ultra-viscous oil features and genetic model of upper sub-member of Shasi in Wang-146 area[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2015, 22(1): 22-25.
[21]
李晓光. 辽河坳陷欢喜岭油田稠油成藏条件及勘探开发关键技术[J]. 石油学报, 2021, 42(4): 541-560.
Li Xiaoguang. Accumulation conditions, key technologies for exploration and development of heavy oil in Huanxiling oilfield, Liaohe Depression[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2021, 42(4): 541-560.
[22]
Tian Y P, Ju B S, Lu G Z, et al. The comprehensive model for solvent assisted steam flooding in thin heavy oil reservoirs considering asphaltene deposition[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2020, 185: 106676.
[23]
Li S, Li Z M, Xu Z X, et al. Study of rheological properties and micro-mechanism of heavy oil emulsion prepared via ultrasonic dispersion[J]. Energy & Fuels, 34(12): 15843-15854.
[24]
李相方, 马宏斌, 杨戬, 等. 蒸汽驱机理再认识及全生命周期开发研究[J]. 特种油气藏, 2020, 27(6): 67-74.
Li Xiangfang, Ma Hongbin, Yang Jian, et al. Re-understanding of steam flooding mechanism and research on full life cycle development[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2020, 27(6): 67-74.
2025年第25卷第21期
PDF下载
240
109
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406697
  • 接收时间:2024-09-05
  • 首发时间:2026-01-13
  • 出版时间:2025-07-28
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-05
  • 修回日期:2025-04-18
基金
中国石化科技部项目(P21086)
作者信息
    1 中国石化华东油气分公司勘探开发研究院, 南京 210011
    2 非常规油气开发教育部重点实验室, 青岛 266580
    3 中国石油大学(华东)石油工程学院, 青岛 266580

通讯作者:

* 杜殿发(1972—),男,汉族,河北沧州人,博士,教授。研究方向:稠油热采、非常规油气渗流。E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxjsygc/CN/10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406697
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏