Article(id=1217789891581231283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1217789884081820362, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2501685, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1741795200000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-13, revisedDate=1751904000000, revisedDateStr=2025-07-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768273335595, onlineDateStr=2026-01-13, pubDate=1753632000000, pubDateStr=2025-07-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768273335595, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768273335595, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768273335595, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1217789884081820362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='21', pageStart='8761', pageEnd='9209', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768273333807, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768273602927, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217791012932604619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1217789884081820362, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217791012932604620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1217789884081820362, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=9028, endPage=9042, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1217789892080353523, articleId=1217789891581231283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=SRv6-based Transmission Path Optimization Control, columnId=1156262729162810294, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Automation and Computational Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

With the expansion of the Internet scale and changes in its topological structure, network management is facing huge challenges. Segment routing (SR) protocols, especially SRv6(segment routing over IPv6), have become a research hotspot due to their high programmability and scalability. The path optimization control mechanism based on SRv6 solves the problem of avoiding and relaying specific nodes in multiple demands and scenarios to improve network performance. A path transfer scheme for fully deployed SRv6 networks was proposed, and the routing overhead was reduced through the optimization of forked paths. For some deployment networks, define the critical path and design the avoidance and relay path forwarding scheme to optimize the path forwarding efficiency. The experimental results show that when SRv6 is fully deployed, the optimization scheme can effectively reduce the depth of the segment list and the routing overhead. In some deployment networks, only a small number of SRv6 nodes can achieve performance close to that of a full SRv6 network, successfully solving the problem of evading and relaying specific nodes. The research results provide effective support for the application of SRv6 in different network deployments.

, correspAuthors=Wen-long CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Cheng-an ZHAO, Le-yan CHEN, Xue-ting ZHAI, Wen-long CHEN, Gang ZHAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1217789898736714738, articleId=1217789891581231283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=基于SRv6的传输路径优化控制, columnId=1156262729783567290, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·自动化技术、计算机技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

随着互联网规模扩展和拓扑结构的变化,网络管理面临巨大挑战。分段路由(segment routing,SR)协议,特别是SRv6(segment routing over IPv6),因其高可编程性和可扩展性,成为研究热点。基于SRv6的路径优化控制机制,解决多需求、多场景下特定节点规避与中转问题,以提高网络性能。提出了针对完全部署SRv6网络的路径转移方案,通过分叉路径优化减少路由开销。针对部分部署网络,定义关键路径并设计规避与中转路径转发方案,优化路径转发效率。实验结果表明,完全部署SRv6时,优化方案能有效减小段列表深度,减少路由开销;在部分部署网络中,仅少量SRv6节点即可实现接近全SRv6网络的性能,成功解决特定节点规避与中转问题。研究结果为SRv6在不同网络部署中的应用提供了有效支持。

, correspAuthors=陈文龙, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 陈文龙(1976—),男,汉族,江西吉安人,博士,教授。研究方向:互联网体系结构。E-mail:
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赵成安(1980—),男,满族,黑龙江海林人,博士,讲师。研究方向:互联网体系结构。E-mail:

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赵成安(1980—),男,满族,黑龙江海林人,博士,讲师。研究方向:互联网体系结构。E-mail:

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黑色圆圈表示普通节点;蓝色圆圈表示SRv6节点;虚线表示若干节 点和链路(蓝色表示链路上存在SRv6节点)

, figureFileSmall=IHftUR4VF49T4fCOiRittg==, figureFileBig=doM3B2Axk0IefYoovFJ57Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860126585835565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789891581231283, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=SRv6-based transmission path control framework, figureFileSmall=bhH3bVbyGx4O8a9BGu/muw==, figureFileBig=qjHVkmaFoDW+0LhTKl6Qtw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860126749413433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789891581231283, language=CN, label=图5, caption=基于SRv6的传输路径控制框架, figureFileSmall=bhH3bVbyGx4O8a9BGu/muw==, figureFileBig=qjHVkmaFoDW+0LhTKl6Qtw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860126917185605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789891581231283, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Example of mandatory transit node X in a network with fully deployed SRv6 nodes, figureFileSmall=0ZqIUr1YvtZfEQudn5tMIQ==, figureFileBig=KYGQhp/j9UtBKg/nZgOqGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860127059791946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789891581231283, language=CN, label=图6, caption=完全部署SRv6节点的网络中必经中转节点X示例, figureFileSmall=0ZqIUr1YvtZfEQudn5tMIQ==, figureFileBig=KYGQhp/j9UtBKg/nZgOqGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860127181426769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789891581231283, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Traffic is forwarded through transit node X, figureFileSmall=avTwI6LvNgyUT9692olVGw==, figureFileBig=xyM9HbfEeyVIGvHUkLMLJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860127353393240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789891581231283, language=CN, label=图7, caption=流量经中转节点X进行转发, figureFileSmall=avTwI6LvNgyUT9692olVGw==, figureFileBig=xyM9HbfEeyVIGvHUkLMLJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860127466639453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789891581231283, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Schematic diagram of evasive node X for a fully deployed SRv6 node network scenario, figureFileSmall=KUAbIGkIq4GvyN2j+VUuRQ==, figureFileBig=Zcb5EXwncRYQ9q/6Y9MkkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860127617634404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789891581231283, language=CN, label=图8, caption=完全部署SRv6节点网络场景的规避节点X示意图, figureFileSmall=KUAbIGkIq4GvyN2j+VUuRQ==, figureFileBig=Zcb5EXwncRYQ9q/6Y9MkkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860127890264171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789891581231283, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Traffic circumvents specific node X for forwarding, figureFileSmall=yU6Tmeh+ciBFY0svZ5IZHA==, figureFileBig=kzviCJ/h0dWexYQ/wvQ//w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860128024481908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789891581231283, language=CN, label=图9, caption=流量规避特定节点X进行转发, figureFileSmall=yU6Tmeh+ciBFY0svZ5IZHA==, figureFileBig=kzviCJ/h0dWexYQ/wvQ//w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860128146116729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789891581231283, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Experimental conclusions on transit strategies based on a network of fully SRv6 nodes, figureFileSmall=tGjpD+EauJ3lYIwAl1I9fA==, figureFileBig=bilFkezdTzmwGGrN/Oeaog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860128238391420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789891581231283, language=CN, label=图10, caption=基于完全SRv6节点网络的中转策略实验结论, figureFileSmall=tGjpD+EauJ3lYIwAl1I9fA==, figureFileBig=bilFkezdTzmwGGrN/Oeaog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860128339054722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789891581231283, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Experimental results of segment list depth optimization after deploying node avoidance policies, figureFileSmall=bOPsPXruwIMrAQay/Y32Nw==, figureFileBig=bf8hGcniTArOXBgcl+TLVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860128422940809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789891581231283, language=CN, label=图11, caption=部署节点规避策略后的段列表深度优化实验结果, figureFileSmall=bOPsPXruwIMrAQay/Y32Nw==, figureFileBig=bf8hGcniTArOXBgcl+TLVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860129790283915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789891581231283, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Experimental results of avoidance strategies based on a network of fully SRv6 nodes, figureFileSmall=evJ+ASP18YHny1jThtv4Vw==, figureFileBig=Ez+GCm2BtxIzyg/cJeksQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860129920307346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789891581231283, language=CN, label=图12, caption=基于完全SRv6节点网络的规避策略实验结果, figureFileSmall=evJ+ASP18YHny1jThtv4Vw==, figureFileBig=Ez+GCm2BtxIzyg/cJeksQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860130046136473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789891581231283, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Schematic diagram of IPv6 network environment with some SRv6 nodes deployed, figureFileSmall=gRaDFVmDYnSFVbH7gq34Kw==, figureFileBig=p9QUPARFTaWCqSQA6KzleA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860130146799779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789891581231283, language=CN, label=图13, caption=部分部署SRv6节点的IPv6网络环境示意图, figureFileSmall=gRaDFVmDYnSFVbH7gq34Kw==, figureFileBig=p9QUPARFTaWCqSQA6KzleA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860130243268780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789891581231283, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=Schematic diagram of a passing transit node under a hybrid IP/SR network, figureFileSmall=R2lWz2Qp4XR+GpnSHzLxoQ==, figureFileBig=C1OH/bERrqeznQSRSrO0uQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860130390069427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789891581231283, language=CN, label=图14, caption=混合IP/SR网络下的经过中转节点示意图, figureFileSmall=R2lWz2Qp4XR+GpnSHzLxoQ==, figureFileBig=C1OH/bERrqeznQSRSrO0uQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860130478149819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789891581231283, language=EN, label=Fig.15, caption=Three possible cases of initial and final node selection for critical paths, figureFileSmall=CwZXus3ZgaxEMi+rAFc/nA==, figureFileBig=U1r8Kf67GQxIAgfxkQHjzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860130616561858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789891581231283, language=CN, label=图15, caption=关键路径的初节点和末节点选取的3种可能情况

黑色圆圈表示普通节点;蓝色圆圈表示SRv6节点;虚线表示若干节点和链路(蓝色表示链路上存在SRv6节点)

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Symbols and meanings used in path selection strategy research

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
符号 含义
C(path) 网络路径path对应的传输代价
Bpath(m,n) 节点mn的最优路径
Apath(m,n,x) 节点mn不经过规避节点x的最优路径
Tpath(m,n,x) 节点mn经过中转节点x的最优路径
Dr t m n 节点m与节点n间存在直接路径
Tpathkey(m,n) 节点m与节点n间存在中转关键路径
Apathkey(m,n) 节点m与节点n间存在规避关键路径
bnode(m,n) Tpathkey(m,n)或Apathkey(m,n)的初节点
enode(m,n) Tpathkey(m,n)或Apathkey(m,n)的末节点
Dpath(m,n,x) Apath(m,n,x)与Bpath(m,n)路径不同的
有序节点集合
Kpath[bnode(m,n)] s到bnode(m,n)的最优路径
Kpath[enode(m,n)] enode(m,n)到d的最优路径
), ArticleFig(id=1217860132336226593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789891581231283, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

路径选择策略研究所用的符号及含义

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
符号 含义
C(path) 网络路径path对应的传输代价
Bpath(m,n) 节点mn的最优路径
Apath(m,n,x) 节点mn不经过规避节点x的最优路径
Tpath(m,n,x) 节点mn经过中转节点x的最优路径
Dr t m n 节点m与节点n间存在直接路径
Tpathkey(m,n) 节点m与节点n间存在中转关键路径
Apathkey(m,n) 节点m与节点n间存在规避关键路径
bnode(m,n) Tpathkey(m,n)或Apathkey(m,n)的初节点
enode(m,n) Tpathkey(m,n)或Apathkey(m,n)的末节点
Dpath(m,n,x) Apath(m,n,x)与Bpath(m,n)路径不同的
有序节点集合
Kpath[bnode(m,n)] s到bnode(m,n)的最优路径
Kpath[enode(m,n)] enode(m,n)到d的最优路径
), ArticleFig(id=1217860132428501283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789891581231283, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Algorithm 1: Calculation of OApath(s,d,x)
Data:Topology, s,d,x
Result: Apath(s,d,x)
1 calculateBpath(s,d,x );
2 Ns;i←1;
3 when i<k
4 calculateApath(s,d,x),Dpath(s,d,x)={d0,d1,…,dk};
5 for di in Dpath do
6 calculate Bpath(N,di);
7 if(di.lasthop!=di-1) // Bpath(N,di)中di的上一跳不是di-1
8 insertdi-1 into OApath(s,d,x);
9 N=di-1;
10 continue;
11 end
12 end
RETURN Apath(s,d,x);
), ArticleFig(id=1217860132524970281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789891581231283, language=CN, label=, caption=

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Algorithm 1: Calculation of OApath(s,d,x)
Data:Topology, s,d,x
Result: Apath(s,d,x)
1 calculateBpath(s,d,x );
2 Ns;i←1;
3 when i<k
4 calculateApath(s,d,x),Dpath(s,d,x)={d0,d1,…,dk};
5 for di in Dpath do
6 calculate Bpath(N,di);
7 if(di.lasthop!=di-1) // Bpath(N,di)中di的上一跳不是di-1
8 insertdi-1 into OApath(s,d,x);
9 N=di-1;
10 continue;
11 end
12 end
RETURN Apath(s,d,x);
), ArticleFig(id=1217860132621439279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789891581231283, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Topology Abilene, ARPANET selected experimental groups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Abilene ARPANET
源节点 目的节点 源节点 目的节点
A B A D
A K A M
A J A P
D H D M
D J D P
D K B P
B E B F
B J B N
C J G L
C K F M
), ArticleFig(id=1217860132705325361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789891581231283, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

拓扑Abilene、ARPANET选取实验组

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Abilene ARPANET
源节点 目的节点 源节点 目的节点
A B A D
A K A M
A J A P
D H D M
D J D P
D K B P
B E B F
B J B N
C J G L
C K F M
), ArticleFig(id=1217860132839543095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789891581231283, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Symbols and meanings used in scene research

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
符号 含义
G=(V,E) 一个网络拓扑,V表示所有节点集合,E表示单项链路集合
R 源节点、目的节点以及G中SRv6节点集合
R1 节点集合V中任意两个节点ab的集合
Bpath(a,b) 节点a到节点b的IGP最短路径
Dr t a b 节点a到节点b的直接路径
y(v) 代表节点v是否支持SR协议的二元变量
Tnode 中转节点
Anode 规避节点
Tpathkey(a,b) 中转关键路径
Apathkey(a,b) 规避关键路径
SeQD 直接路径节点序列
SeQT Tpathkey(a,b)节点序列
SeQA Apathkey(a,b)节点序列
bnode(a,b) 关键路径Tpathkey(a,b)的初节点
enode(a,b) 关键路径Apathkey(a,b)的初节点
link(a,b) 节点a到节点b的虚拟链路
P 中转关键路径集合
), ArticleFig(id=1217860132948595001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789891581231283, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

场景研究所用的符号及含义

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
符号 含义
G=(V,E) 一个网络拓扑,V表示所有节点集合,E表示单项链路集合
R 源节点、目的节点以及G中SRv6节点集合
R1 节点集合V中任意两个节点ab的集合
Bpath(a,b) 节点a到节点b的IGP最短路径
Dr t a b 节点a到节点b的直接路径
y(v) 代表节点v是否支持SR协议的二元变量
Tnode 中转节点
Anode 规避节点
Tpathkey(a,b) 中转关键路径
Apathkey(a,b) 规避关键路径
SeQD 直接路径节点序列
SeQT Tpathkey(a,b)节点序列
SeQA Apathkey(a,b)节点序列
bnode(a,b) 关键路径Tpathkey(a,b)的初节点
enode(a,b) 关键路径Apathkey(a,b)的初节点
link(a,b) 节点a到节点b的虚拟链路
P 中转关键路径集合
), ArticleFig(id=1217860134156554558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789891581231283, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Algorithm 2: Calculation of Tpath(s,d,x)
Data:Topology,s,d,x
Result:Tpath(s,d,x)
1 wmin=1 000;
2 calculate Bpath(s,d,x);
3 if x in Bpath(s,d,x)
4 Tpath(s,d,x)=Bpath(s,d,x);
5 else
6 calculate Tpath_key into P
7 for pi in P do
8 calculate wi
9 if wi<wmin
10 wmin=wi;
11 Tpath(s,d,x)={s,pi,d};
12 end
13 end
14 end
15 RETURN Tpath(s,d,x);
), ArticleFig(id=1217860134223663423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789891581231283, language=CN, label=, caption=

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Algorithm 2: Calculation of Tpath(s,d,x)
Data:Topology,s,d,x
Result:Tpath(s,d,x)
1 wmin=1 000;
2 calculate Bpath(s,d,x);
3 if x in Bpath(s,d,x)
4 Tpath(s,d,x)=Bpath(s,d,x);
5 else
6 calculate Tpath_key into P
7 for pi in P do
8 calculate wi
9 if wi<wmin
10 wmin=wi;
11 Tpath(s,d,x)={s,pi,d};
12 end
13 end
14 end
15 RETURN Tpath(s,d,x);
), ArticleFig(id=1217860134315938114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789891581231283, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Example of G'(V',E') in a network with partially

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
V'中任意两节点 路径序列 是否为关键路径
(S,SR1) SA→SR1 关键路径
(S,SR2) SA→SR2 关键路径
(S,D) SA→SR2→XED 经过X节点以及
其他 V '中节点
(SR1,SR2) SR1→A→SR2 关键路径
(SR1,D) SR1→CED 关键路径
(SR2,D) SR2→XED 经过X节点
), ArticleFig(id=1217860134441767238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789891581231283, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

部分部署SRv6节点的网络中G'(V',E')示例

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
V'中任意两节点 路径序列 是否为关键路径
(S,SR1) SA→SR1 关键路径
(S,SR2) SA→SR2 关键路径
(S,D) SA→SR2→XED 经过X节点以及
其他 V '中节点
(SR1,SR2) SR1→A→SR2 关键路径
(SR1,D) SR1→CED 关键路径
(SR2,D) SR2→XED 经过X节点
), ArticleFig(id=1217860134521459017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789891581231283, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Circumventing the true path corresponding to the critical path

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
关键路径 关键路径代价 真实路径
(S,SR1) 2 SA→SR1
(S,SR2) 2 SA→SR2
(SR1,SR2) 2 SR1→A→SR2
(SR1,D) 4 SR1→BCED
), ArticleFig(id=1217860134622122319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789891581231283, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

规避关键路径所对应的真实路径

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
关键路径 关键路径代价 真实路径
(S,SR1) 2 SA→SR1
(S,SR2) 2 SA→SR2
(SR1,SR2) 2 SR1→A→SR2
(SR1,D) 4 SR1→BCED
), ArticleFig(id=1217860134706008400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789891581231283, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Algorithm 3:Calculation of Apath(s,d,x)
Data:Topology,s,d,x
Result:Apath(s,d,x)
1 calculate Bpath(s,d,x )
2 if x not in Bpath(s,d,x)
3 Apath(s,d,x)= Bpath(s,d,x);
4 else
5 calculateApath_key into P;
6 calculate wi into W;
7 calculate Apath(s,d,x) in G'(V', E') with Dijkstra Algorithm;
8 end
9 return Apath(s,d,x);
), ArticleFig(id=1217860134810866003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789891581231283, language=CN, label=, caption=

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Algorithm 3:Calculation of Apath(s,d,x)
Data:Topology,s,d,x
Result:Apath(s,d,x)
1 calculate Bpath(s,d,x )
2 if x not in Bpath(s,d,x)
3 Apath(s,d,x)= Bpath(s,d,x);
4 else
5 calculateApath_key into P;
6 calculate wi into W;
7 calculate Apath(s,d,x) in G'(V', E') with Dijkstra Algorithm;
8 end
9 return Apath(s,d,x);
), ArticleFig(id=1217860134911529301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789891581231283, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

The four topologies under the transit strategy select the source-destination node pairs of the experimental group

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ANS ARPANET Abilene Peer1
目的 目的 目的 目的
A D A D A D A P
D M A N A G L P
D Q D N B K I P
), ArticleFig(id=1217860135020581207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789891581231283, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

中转策略下的4个拓扑选取实验组的源节点-目的节点对

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ANS ARPANET Abilene Peer1
目的 目的 目的 目的
A D A D A D A P
D M A N A G L P
D Q D N B K I P
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The four topologies under the avoidance strategy are selected as the source-destination node pairs of the experimental group

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ANS ARPANET Abilene Peer1
目的 目的 目的 目的
A Q A D A D A P
D M A G A N A L
D Q B K D N I P
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规避策略下的4个拓扑选取实验组的源节点-目的节点对

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ANS ARPANET Abilene Peer1
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A Q A D A D A P
D M A G A N A L
D Q B K D N I P
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基于SRv6的传输路径优化控制
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赵成安 1 , 陈乐妍 1 , 翟雪婷 2 , 陈文龙 2, * , 赵刚 3
科学技术与工程 | 论文·自动化技术、计算机技术 2025,25(21): 9028-9042
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·自动化技术、计算机技术 2025, 25(21): 9028-9042
基于SRv6的传输路径优化控制
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赵成安1 , 陈乐妍1, 翟雪婷2, 陈文龙2, * , 赵刚3
作者信息
  • 1 首都师范大学管理学院, 北京 100048
  • 2 首都师范大学信息工程学院, 北京 100048
  • 3 国网新疆电力有限公司信息通信公司, 乌鲁木齐 830002
  • 赵成安(1980—),男,满族,黑龙江海林人,博士,讲师。研究方向:互联网体系结构。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 陈文龙(1976—),男,汉族,江西吉安人,博士,教授。研究方向:互联网体系结构。E-mail:
SRv6-based Transmission Path Optimization Control
Cheng-an ZHAO1 , Le-yan CHEN1, Xue-ting ZHAI2, Wen-long CHEN2, * , Gang ZHAO3
Affiliations
  • 1 School Of Management, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
  • 2 College of Information Engineering, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
  • 3 State Grid Xinjiang Power Company Limited Information and Communication Company, Urumqi 830002, China
出版时间: 2025-07-28 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2501685
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随着互联网规模扩展和拓扑结构的变化,网络管理面临巨大挑战。分段路由(segment routing,SR)协议,特别是SRv6(segment routing over IPv6),因其高可编程性和可扩展性,成为研究热点。基于SRv6的路径优化控制机制,解决多需求、多场景下特定节点规避与中转问题,以提高网络性能。提出了针对完全部署SRv6网络的路径转移方案,通过分叉路径优化减少路由开销。针对部分部署网络,定义关键路径并设计规避与中转路径转发方案,优化路径转发效率。实验结果表明,完全部署SRv6时,优化方案能有效减小段列表深度,减少路由开销;在部分部署网络中,仅少量SRv6节点即可实现接近全SRv6网络的性能,成功解决特定节点规避与中转问题。研究结果为SRv6在不同网络部署中的应用提供了有效支持。

分段路由  /  域内路由  /  路径控制  /  段列表压缩

With the expansion of the Internet scale and changes in its topological structure, network management is facing huge challenges. Segment routing (SR) protocols, especially SRv6(segment routing over IPv6), have become a research hotspot due to their high programmability and scalability. The path optimization control mechanism based on SRv6 solves the problem of avoiding and relaying specific nodes in multiple demands and scenarios to improve network performance. A path transfer scheme for fully deployed SRv6 networks was proposed, and the routing overhead was reduced through the optimization of forked paths. For some deployment networks, define the critical path and design the avoidance and relay path forwarding scheme to optimize the path forwarding efficiency. The experimental results show that when SRv6 is fully deployed, the optimization scheme can effectively reduce the depth of the segment list and the routing overhead. In some deployment networks, only a small number of SRv6 nodes can achieve performance close to that of a full SRv6 network, successfully solving the problem of evading and relaying specific nodes. The research results provide effective support for the application of SRv6 in different network deployments.

segment routing  /  intra-domain routing  /  routing control  /  segment list compression
赵成安, 陈乐妍, 翟雪婷, 陈文龙, 赵刚. 基于SRv6的传输路径优化控制. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (21) : 9028 -9042 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2501685
Cheng-an ZHAO, Le-yan CHEN, Xue-ting ZHAI, Wen-long CHEN, Gang ZHAO. SRv6-based Transmission Path Optimization Control[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (21) : 9028 -9042 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2501685
随着互联网规模的指数级增长,网络流量过载、路径优化及安全管控等问题日益凸显。传统网络架构中基于OSPF/IS-IS协议的等价多路径路由(equal-cost multi-path routing,ECMP)存在路径灵活性不足、跨域协同复杂等问题,而多协议标签交换(multi-protocol label switching,MPLS)技术虽能实现流量工程目标,但其信令复杂性和可扩展性缺陷限制了大规模部署。软件定义网络(software defined network,SDN)与分段路由(segment routing over IPv6,SRv6)技术的结合为网络演进提供了新范式:SRv6通过源路由机制实现路径可编程性,同时兼容IPv6数据平面,有效解决了传统网络的孤岛化问题。然而,SRv6的高开销、硬件处理瓶颈以及混合网络环境下的路径控制难题,成为制约其规模化应用的关键挑战。
传统IP网络中,链路权重优化是实现流量工程的主要手段。Fortz等[1]提出基于启发式算法的ECMP路径优化模型,通过最小化链路成本函数提升负载均衡能力;Pióro等[2]通过动态调整权重实现链路负载再分配。然而,此类方法因NP-hard复杂度[3]及路由震荡风险,难以适应动态网络环境。MPLS协议通过显式路径(LSP隧道)增强灵活性,但其依赖RSVP-TE信令机制,存在可扩展性差、不支持多路径分担等缺陷[4-5]
SRv6技术凭借源路由特性成为研究热点。Chen等[6]提出基于深度强化学习的流量工程方案,动态调整路径分流比以缓解拥塞;Aubry等[7]针对故障恢复场景,设计鲁棒不相交路径算法,但未考虑段列表压缩问题。在混合网络部署方面,文献[8-9]聚焦SRv6节点增量部署策略,采用贪心与强化学习算法优化链路利用率,但缺乏对链路权重协同优化的系统性研究。值得注意的是,现有工作多假设全SRv6部署环境,忽略传统网络向SRv6过渡中的异构兼容性问题。
SRv6段列表的高开销问题引发广泛关注。Lee等[10]提出跳数约束的路径选择算法,但过度限制路径长度导致次优解;文献[11]通过二维路由策略压缩段列表,但未涉及混合网络场景。在路径编码方法上,文献[12-13]基于子路径划分策略生成段列表,而文献[14-15]通过构建辅助图优化线性规划模型。王强等[16]指出,SRv6通过其灵活的段路由架构为高可靠网络传输提供了新的解决方案。此外,SRv6在网络切片[17]、安全认证[18]及负载均衡[19]等场景的应用潜力逐渐凸显,但现有工作多假设全SRv6部署环境,对过渡期异构网络兼容性关注不足。周淑怡等[20]提出的OpenTDR方案结合二维路由与SDN技术,通过升级传统一维路由转发模式并利用SDN的集中式规划,增强了网络流量调度和服务质量控制的灵活性,有效实现了流量均衡与节能目标。
然而,当前方法在SRv6完全/部分部署场景下缺乏系统性的节点规避(avoid node,Anode)与中转节点(transfer node,Tnode)路径控制机制,尤其对部分部署网络的路径优化与兼容性平衡研究不足;混合网络中段列表压缩与路径优化的协同性缺失,且动态路由框架尚未兼顾传输效率与硬件处理能力限制,制约了SRv6规模化应用。
现针对SRv6网络的完全部署与部分部署场景,提出高效的路由路径控制机制,解决以下核心问题:完全部署SRv6环境下的路径优化,结合SPF算法,设计基于段列表压缩的节点规避与中转策略,最小化段深度以降低传输开销。部分部署SRv6的混合网络路径控制,构建关键路径拓扑模型,通过动态路由决策实现传统节点与SRv6节点的协同转发,确保平滑演进。段列表编码效率提升,融合启发式算法与图论方法,优化路径编码策略,兼顾带宽利用率与硬件处理能力限制。从网络架构、路径控制算法及段列表优化3个层次展开研究:首先,构建基于SRv6的域内路由控制框架;其次,针对完全/部分部署场景分别提出节点规避与中转策略;最后,设计段列表深度压缩算法。预期通过实验验证,以期为SRv6网络的规模化部署提供理论支撑与实践参考。
在域内网络中,运行着IGP协议,使用基于目的地址的最短路径路由传输路径优化算法需要决策网络链路的权重,从而控制网络流量的路径。路由器节点已知全网拓扑,通过最短路径优先(shortest path first,SPF)算法决策流量传输路径。通过链路权重优化来实现流量工程目标并不容易。网络管理者常因为网络流量的负载均摊、安全传输等诉求,要求某些流量必须规避节点(Anode),Anode可能是重负载节点、低安全级别节点等。另一方面,有些流量必须经过中转节点(Tnode),Tnode可能可以实现流量安全监控、流量清洗等。
(1)安全隔离。例如全球性企业、运营商存在高加密流量安全传输需求,域内网络包括低安全路由器设备,此设备不能承载较为敏感的流量,需要暂时在网络中进行隔离,以防止潜在的安全威胁蔓延或为网络管理者提供调查和应对的时间窗口。
(2)性能需求。域内网络中,OSPF最短路径传输与网络高带宽需求不符合,路由器设备因硬件限制、设计缺陷或意外的高流量负载成为网络性能的瓶颈。这些节点的继续使用可能会导致高延迟、包丢失或其他服务质量问题,特别是在高带宽需求的场景下。
(3)维护升级。网络设备需要定期进行软件升级或硬件维护,在这些维护窗口期间,相关节点可能需要从网络流量传输路径中暂时移除,以避免在更新过程中影响数据传输的稳定性和安全性。
(1)流量清洗。运营商的全球数据中心互联场景中,网络管理者需确保特定的关键业务流量能够通过预定义的路径进行传输,途径清洗中心进行安全检查或数据加密等处理。对于跨国企业来说,特别是依赖于网络服务和数据中心的企业,建立一个有效的清洗流量机制是保障其全球业务连续性和数据安全的关键措施。通过在全球范围内部署清洗中心,并利用SRv6技术进行精确的流量工程和控制,有效应对复杂多变的网络安全威胁。
(2)性能优化。对于实时应用(如VoIP或视频会议),SRv6策略可以确保流量通过具有低延迟和高带宽的网络路径,即使这些路径不是最短路径。
(3)多云连接:SRv6可简化多云环境下的流量管理,通过规划流量传输必经某个节点从而精确控制进出各个云服务提供商网络的流量路径,确保最优的性能和成本效率。
基于上述场景模型的建立,建立规避策略机制和中转策略机制如下。
(1)规避策略机制。输入:域内网络拓扑信息,SRv6节点部署位置,特定网络流量的入口、出口,规避节点;处理:实施节点规避策略;输出:针对规避节点路径转移得到的SR有序节点序列,指导数据包在网络中的传输。
(2)中转策略机制。输入:域内网络拓扑信息,SRv6节点部署位置,特定网络流量的入口、出口,中转节点;处理:实施节点中转策略;输出:针对中转节点路径转移得到的SR有序节点序列,指导数据包在网络中的传输。
针对特定网络流量,如何在SR网络中设置段节点(segment routing node,Snode)才能实现路由路径传输呢?围绕此问题,设计了一种基于SRv6的传输路径优化控制机制(a transmission path control mechanism based on segment routing over IPv6,TCSR),重点关注域内路由路径控制。
假设网络中全部节点运行SR协议,从而更灵活、高效地控制网络流量的路由。将支持IP和IGP协议的网络节点称为IP节点,将支持SR协议的节点称为SR节点。网络环境决定了从网络中获取的信息与数据的范围和质量,直接影响着可采用的网络和流量控制手段。在网络优化的关键环节,首先需要基于网络的具体信息以及网络管理者的意图和实际需求,精确地构建面临的优化问题。然后使用针对性的算法对问题进行求解,得到对应的网络配置。这些配置方案包括但不限于OSPF等IGP协议的配置、SR协议的配置,以及其他与流量控制紧密相关的配置策略,控制网络设备的运行和各种流量需求的路由。
对于完全部署SR节点的网络场景,网络管理者可控的是网络中运行的协议,特别是路由协议的配置。图1为完全部署SR节点的示意图,网络中的所有节点除了支持IP协议栈以外,还支持SR协议。图2中展示了来自H1的网络流量经路由(R1→R2→R4→R5)到达H2(绿色曲线),由于R3节点路由器是流量更清晰的设备或者安全管控路由,希望来自H1的网络流量经节点路由器R3到达H2(红色曲线)。节点路由器R3被称为中转节点。图3中,R2节点路由器是维护节点或者低安全节点,来自H1的网络流量希望规避R2节点到达H2(红色曲线)。
最优路径选择的评价指标体系中有路径长度、时延、带宽、SR节点开销等因素,应选择合适指标作为评价路径优劣的基准。因此,从传输路径代价、SR开销两个因素着手分析最优路径选择的关键因素。显然,传输路径代价远大于因封装定量段列表产生的开销。选用较为传统的多目标优化解法——分层序列法,将传输路径代价最小作为最重要目标,全过程路径SRv6段列表开销最小化作为次要目标,也就是在多条最小代价路径中选取全路径SRv6的SRH成本最小化的路径作为最优路径。
若实施节点规避策略,令规避节点为x,x B p a t h ( s , d )中的节点,规避路径为 A p a t h ( s , d , x )
最小代价实现路由路径控制为最重要目标,表示为
$f_{1}(a)=\operatorname{Cost}[\operatorname{HApath}(s, d, x)]$
目标路径中SRH成本最小化为次要目标,表示为
$f_{2}(a)=\operatorname{Cost}(\text { Snode })$
首先对式(1)求最优解,并找出所有最优解结合 R 0,最优值为 f 1 *。然后根据式(2)在 R 0内求次要目标的最优解,记这时的最优解集合为 R 1,即为最优规避路径集合,最优值为 f 2 *。其模型如下。
$\left\{\begin{array}{l} \operatorname{Min} f_{1}(a) \\ \text { s. t. } a \in \Omega \\ \quad \Omega: \forall \operatorname{Apath}(s, d, x) \\ \min f_{2}(a) \\ \text { s. t. } a \in R_{1}=R_{0} \cap\left\{a \mid f_{1}(a)=f_{1}^{*}\right\} \end{array}\right.$
若实施节点中转策略,令中转节点为x,则中转路径为 T p a t h ( s , d , x )
最小代价实现路由路径控制为最重要目标,表示为
$f_{1}(b)=\operatorname{Cost}[\operatorname{Tpath}(s, d, x)]$
目标路径中SRH成本最小化为次要目标,表示为
f 2 ( b ) = C o s t ( S n o d e )
首先根据式(4)求最优解,并找出所有最优解结合 R 0。然后根据式(5)在 R 0内求次要目标的最优解,记这时的最优解集合为 R 1,即为最优中转路径集合,最优值为 f 2 *。其模型如下。
$\left\{\begin{array}{l} \operatorname{Minf}_{1}(b) \\ \text { s. t. } a \in \Omega \\ \quad \Omega: \forall \operatorname{Tpath}(s, d, x) \\ \min f_{2}(b) \\ \text { s. t. } b \in R_{1}=R_{0} \cap\left\{b \mid f_{1}(b)=f_{1}^{*}\right\}_{1} \end{array}\right.$
首先,分析经过中转节点。在完全部署SRv6网络中,图4(a)中,域内所有节点为SRv6节点。来自节点s的流经最短路径传输到节点d,希望 F s d(源节点为s、目的节点为d的流)经过中转节点Tnode到达目的节点。显然,将Tnode作为段节点Snode,中转路径包含s到Tnode以及Tnode到d的2段最优路径,从而实现以最小代价引导流经中转节点Tnode的目标。因此,全SR网络中的中转路径为
$\operatorname{Tpath}(s, d, \text { Tnode })=\{s, \text { Tnode }, d\}$
在所研究流的入口处将Tnode以及d的SID(segment ID)封装到扩展报头中,引导流从源节点s经最短路径传输到中转节点Tnode,再从Tnode经最短路径到达目的节点d。域中传输路径上除Snode外其他节点按照正常IPv6报文处理流程,在以最小代价引导流的前提下尽可能段列表开销最小化,减少SR标签负载。
$\operatorname{Apath}(s, d, \text { Anode })=\left\{s, \cdots, n_{i}, \cdots, n_{j}, \cdots, d\right\}$
显然,为实现研究目标,以最小代价实现流的传输,应当进一步优化Apath(s,d,Anode)规避路径,尽可能利用较少的SR节点,减少由于SRH而增加的额外开销。
其次,分析绕过规避节点。在图4(b)中,来自节点s的流经最短路径传输到节点d,希望 F s d绕过规避节点Anode到达目的节点。模型思路是通过将原有网络拓扑中将目标节点即规避节点以及规避节点的直连链路去除构建新的网络拓扑,在此基础上,构建源节点s到目的节点d的最短路由路径。
设计了基于分段路由的传输路径路由控制模型,以经过中转节点或绕过规避节点。本文模型主要是处理单一节点的路由设计问题。对于多节点、单一链路、多链路的,可在所提解决方案的基础上进行扩展和实现,如图5所示。
表1总结了所用的符号及含义。
节点x表示上述中转节点Tnode或者规避节点Anode。此场景中,所有节点都支持段路由功能,可识别段标识符并按段节点列表转发报文。
令网络拓扑为G(V,E),V为路由节点集合,E为链路集合,w(e)表示每条链路 e E的权重,也称作这条路径的代价,以此作为衡量路径优劣的条件。令研究流的源、目的节点为sd,s, d V,任何一条sd路径可描述为节点集合 { s , N 1 ~ k , d }。在不考虑任何管控策略情况下,该流 F s d的最优路径为 B p a t h ( s , d ),其传输代价最小。
定义1 在有向图G(V,E)中,如果流 F s d的最优路径为 B p a t h ( s , d ),s,d分别是流 F s d的入口和出口,W(w)表示 B p a t h ( s , d )所经过的链路权重之和。SRv6有序节点集合为 N = { n 0 , n 1 , , n i },则所得最优路径为 B p a t h ( s , d )的代价为 C ( B p a t h ) = i W ( w )
定义2 A p a t h ( s , d , x )表示为节点sd经过规避节点x的最优路径,从 A p a t h ( s , d , x )的首尾节点sd开始,相向查找最后一个与 B p a t h ( s , d )相同的节点 V 1 V 2 A p a t h ( s , d , x )中节点 V 1之后、节点 V 2之前的有序节点集合记为 D = { V 1 , , V 2 },则分叉路径 D p a t h ( s , d , x ) = D。显然, D p a t h ( s , d , x ) A p a t h ( s , d , x )。假设 B p a t h ( S , D ) = { S , A , B , C , E , F , D }, A p a t h ( S , D , x ) = { S , A , B , F , H , I , D },则 D p a t h ( S , D , x ) = { B , F , H , I , D }
若实施节点中转策略,且中转节点为x,所有节点均支持SR协议,则中转路径包含sx以及xd的2段最优路径,表示为
T p a t h ( s , d , x ) = { s , x , d }
图6中, B p a t h ( s , d , x ) = { S , A , B , C , D },网络流量 F s d须经过特定中转节点X。此时,根据中转策略计算得到 T p a t h ( S , D , X ) = { S , X , D } F s d将沿 { S , A , E , X , F , C , D }的路由中转路径到达目的节点D,如图7所示,从而完成在全SR网络下以最小代价为目标的节点中转需求。
(1)构建分叉路径。首先在原始拓扑中,计算sd的最优路径 B p a t h ( s , d )。如图8所示, B p a t h ( S , D ) = { S , A , B , x , C , D }。如图9所示,在去除规避节点x的情况下,计算sd的最优路径,即规避路径: A p a t h ( s , d , x )。示例中 A p a t h ( S , D , x ) = { S , A , F , G , H , I , C , D }。优化规避路径 A p a t h ( s , d , x ),获得分叉路径 D p a t h ( s , d , x ) = { d 0 , d 1 , , d k }。示例中 D p a t h ( S , D , x ) = { A , F , G , H , I , C }
(2)优化段列表深度。从 d 1开始,往后依次分析s d i的最优路径找到第一个 d i,它的上一跳不是 d i - 1。那么,将 d i - 1加入SR有序节点集合。示例中,SH的最短径中,H的上一跳不是G,则G是第1个SR节点。同理,继续以 d i - 1为起点,分析其到 D p a t h ( s , d , x )后续节点的最优路径直到 d k,确定后续SR节点。示例中,继续以G为起点,分析其到 D p a t h ( S , D , x )后续节点的最优路径。得到H是第2个SR节点。重复上述步骤2、3、4、5,得到优化后的 A p a t h ( S , D , x ) = { S , G , H , I , D }, A p a t h ( S , D , x )的SR有序节点集合为 { G , H , I }, C [ A p a t h ( S , D , x ) ] = 13。根据算法一,得到SD规避节点x的SRv6路径。
为了证明所提研究路径控制策略的实际效果,在实验评估中,由于解决的是域内SRv6的应用问题,域内的网络连接场景相对简单,选择以下相对简单的真实网络拓扑,进行本研究的机制验证:阿帕网(Advanced Research Projects Agency Network,ARPANET)、美国科研和教育网(America Research and Education Network,Abilene)[21],设置拓扑中所有节点均支持SRv6协议,网络链路的权重随机设置验证规避节点规避路径转移策略以及中转节点中转路径转移策略,并在每个拓扑中选取所需的数量不等的流量样本,给出相应的随机规避节点以及中转节点。不同拓扑下的每组设置特定得源节点、目的节点,针对网络拓扑中不同流量样本策略实施后的结果,可以得出此路径控制机制所得转移路径的代价以及SRH中的最小节点集。
拓扑Abilene、ARPANET选取实验组如表2所示。
实验假设所有节点均支持SR协议。在所选择两个网络拓扑下分别选择10组源节点、目的节点对,设置E为中转节点,为了使得网络流量由于某种需求需要经过中转节点E。如图10图11所示,在实施完全部署SR节点的网络的中转节点传输路径优化策略后,将中转节点段SID插入SRH中,与原OSPF最短路径代价相比,增加仅为原来代价的1.2倍,由于托扑结构的不同,代价开销会随着拓扑结构的不同而产生不同,但是由于SR协议的优越性,仅利用一个SR节点便可实现必经特定节点的需求。
在所选择的Abilene和ARPANET真实拓扑上,针对源目的节点对随机生成网络流量所需规避的特定节点,分别统计各实验组下的路径优化后的控制开销。如图12所示,对于实验组拓扑,规避路径路径优化后,控制开销可以减少53%左右,段列表深度平均减小25%左右。此外,增加另外两组真实拓扑实验,完全部署SR节点的网络中的规避策略表现仍然较好。
完全部署SRv6节点的网络下的节点中转策略和节点规避策略合理利用SRv6技术的优势,与IGP协议最短路径相结合,优化流量转发路由路径。正向逐条筛选,在段列表中插入关键SRv6节点,通过比对SPF路径和SRv6路径不同段计算出SRH最小节点集,从而优化段列表深度。实验表明,实施特定节点规避策略,在选择合适的规避传输路径后,利用较少的SRv6节点实现路径优化策略。
传统网络过渡到完全SRv6网络不是一蹴而就的,目前SRv6网络仍处于建设阶段,相关的标准化工作仍在进行中。由于技术复杂性、成本考量、现有基础的兼容性、过渡策略等方面的挑战,网络服务提供商(internet service provider,ISP)需要逐步合理化升级现有网络设备,确保平滑过渡且不影响现有服务的提供。在部分部署SRv6节点的网络中,流量使用IGP协议路由和使用SR协议路由两种情况同时存在。因此,首先介绍了SRv6部分部署网络场景中的流量转发方式,在分散的SRv6节点部署位置已知的情况下,构建必经中转节点的中转路径,在关键路径拓扑基础上构建绕过规避节点的规避路径,优化流量路径,实验分析使用多个经典拓扑验证算法性能,实验结果表明,所提出的面向部分部署SRv6网络场景的传输路径控制策略,在一定SR部署率的网络中,可以获得与SR完全部署网络场景相同的性能,一定程度上减少了网络开销。
图13给出了部分部署SRv6节点的网络流量传输示例,即一种混合型IP/SRv6网络场景。网络中的全部节点支持原有的IP协议栈,只有部分节点支持SR协议。在此网络场景中,H1需要向H2发送报文,SA代表IPv6头部的源地址,DA代表IPv6头部的目的地址,节点编号用来表示分段路由头中各节点的SID和相应的IPv6地址,图中同时给出了IPv6头部封装的部分SRH信息。节点R1、节点R4和节点R5具备SRv6能力,节点R2和R3是不支持SRv6协议的普通节点。来自H1的数据包将首先被转发到默认网关,即R1。路由协议将通过配置路由表在路由器上建立路由路径。R1沿着IGP最短路径路由(R1→R2→R4)转发所有目的地址为H2的报文。如果R2出现网络故障,也就是IGP最短路径路由上的节点出现网络故障,希望来自H1的报文沿着路径(R1→R3→R4)转发。那么,作为入口SR节点的R1会添加一个SRH,SRH由3个段列表和1个索引变量SL组成,SL表示当前激活的段。从节点R1开始,数据包使用SRv6协议路由。如图13所示,R1将收到的数据包作为新的有效载荷(payload),封装在一个带有分段路由头的外层IPv6头中,携带路径信息,并且初始化剩余段字段值(segment left,SL),为1。同时,将报文的目的地址替换为R4的地址,指明了段列表<R4、R5>。随后查找节点R1维护的路由信息表,数据包沿着节点R1和节点R4的IGP最短路由到达节点R3。当R3收到报文,由于R3是不支持SRv6协议的普通节点,不会检查或改变分段路由头,报文沿R3→R4进行转发。R4节点收到数据包后,先将分段路由头中的剩余段字段减1,再将剩余段字段值[SL-1]对应的值R5替换外层IPv6头中的目的地址。报文到达目的地址R5,R5是SRH中最后一个段,因此称R5为出口SR节点。R5将SRH扩展头弹出,数据包解封装后,数据包将会沿IGP协议路由路径到达目的节点H2。上面的例子表明,SRv6可以结合需求中已有的路由路径,灵活地对流量进行引导。在入口节点R1处,在数据包的IPv6头部和有效载荷中间插入一个带有清楚标志的分段路由头,清除标志的存在致使分段路由头在节点R5删去,这是封装SRH的另一种方式。
表3总结了所用的符号及含义。
定义分散式部分部署SRv6节点的IPv6网络G=(V,E)。其中,所有网络节点 v V,运行IPv6协议和OSPFv3网络通信协议,网络中部分节点支持SRv6协议[22],二元变量y(v)用以表示某网络节点支持SRv6协议与否。E表示链路集合,G中链路 e E的权重表示为w(e)。实际上,这种灵活指定路由的能力意味着SRv6将为SDN带来新的网络可编程性,但是一次性从纯IPv6网络过渡到完整的SRv6网络几乎是不可能的,因此升级部分IPv6路由是可预见性的解决方法。利用SRv6技术,在部分部署SRv6节点的网络中,解决路由器节点单点故障问题以及经过目标节点的问题。后续仍会继续讨论在部分部署SRv6节点的网络中绕过某个链路、经过某个链路的拓展问题。为了更清晰地构建流转发路径,假设在IP协议层面禁止使用ECMP路径。
定义3 在有向图G(V,E)中,R为源节点、目的节点以及SRv6节点集合。若任意两个节点 a , b R,定义 R 1 = { a , b }, R e x p = R - R 1, B p a t h ( a , b ) R e x p = φ,则称节点ab存在直接路径,直接路径表示为 D r t a b, a V ', b V '。直接路径 D r t a b的路径节点序列表示为 S e Q D
定义4 若 T n o d e D r t a b,则称直接路径 D r t a b为中转关键路径 T p a t h k e y ( a , b ), T p a t h k e y ( a , b )的源端用初节点 b n o d e ( a , b )表示, T p a t h k e y ( a , b )的末端用末节点 e n o d e ( a , b )表示。
首先,分析混合IP/SR网络下的中转路径寻找问题。在图14中,部分节点支持SRv6。来自节点s的流经最短路径传输到节点d,希望 F s d经过中转节点Tnode到达目的节点。此示意图中, V ' = { s , n 1 - k , d },关键路径 T p a t h k e y ( a , b )集合表示为 { n i , n j }, { n p , n q },…。
其中,bnode可能为源节点s,enode可能为目的节点d,这并不影响此模型的机制。例如,在图15(a)中,段节点的选取可能在中转节点Tnode的“前面”,且仅需一个段节点便可实现最小代价传输。在图15(b)中,段节点的选取可能在中转节点Tnode的“后面”,且仅需一个段节点便可实现最小代价传输。在图15(c)中,段节点的选取可能在中转节点Tnode的“前后”,可表示如下。
s,…,ni,…,Tnode,…,d bnode=ni;enode=d;
s,…,Tnode,…,nk,…,d bnode=s;enode=nj;
s,…,np,…,Tnode,…,nq,…,d bnode=np;enode=nq
为经过中转节点Tnode,需要从关键路径Tpathkey节点序列中选择能够实现研究目标的最优关键路径,具体最优关键路径的选择策略在2.2节。在部分部署SR网络中,中转路径可表示为
$\text { Tpath }(s, d, \text { Tnode }): s \rightarrow \text { bnode } \rightarrow \text { enode } \rightarrow d$
bnode、enode是最优关键路径的初、末节点。流在入口节点s处将bnode、enode以及d的SID封装到扩展报头中,引导流从源节点s经最短路径传输到第一个SR节点bnode,再从bnode经最短路径转发到第二个SR节点enode,最后到达目的节点d。域内流传输过程中,除节点bnode、enode外,不论是普通节点还是SRv6节点,皆按照正常IPv6报文处理流程。从而以最小代价引导流的前提下利用尽量少的SR节点,减少SR标签负载,实现研究目标。显然,在部分部署的SRv6网络中,为实现传输路径必须经过Tnode,此模型仅需一个或两个SR节点。
其次,绕过规避节点。在图16中,域内部分节点支持SRv6协议。来自节点s的流经最短路径到达节点d,希望 F s d绕过规避节点Anode到达目的节点。
定义5 在网络拓扑G(V,E)中,计算所有规避关键路径Apathkey,其初节点集合记为BN,末节点集合记为EN。 V ' = B N E N。假设 a , b V ',且存在 A p a t h k e y ( a , b ),则虚拟链路 l i n k ( a , b )连接ab, E '为所有虚拟链路集合, w ( a , b )表示虚拟链路 l i n k ( a , b )的成本,即 C o s t [ B p a t h ( a , b ) ],构建关键路径拓扑 G ' ( V ' , E ' )
在部分部署SRv6网络中,首先应根据图16原始网络拓扑,构建关键路径拓扑,关键路径拓扑直观体现了此规避策略可利用的SR节点,保证所得路径必定经过规避节点Anode。在 G ' ( V ' , E ' )中,与现有Dijkstra算法相结合,计算得到sd的最短路由路径,从而得到SR节点序列。将所得SR节点序列封装到SRH中,实现在部分部署SRv6网络中的节点规避策略。部分部署SRv6网络中的节点规避路径可表示为
$\text { Apath }(s, d, \text { Anode }): s \rightarrow \cdots \rightarrow n_{i} \rightarrow \cdots \rightarrow n_{j} \rightarrow d$
在实施节点中转策略中,源节点为s,目的节点为d,令
$\begin{aligned} w_{i}= & w\left[\mathrm{Kpath}\left(\operatorname{snode}_{i}\right)\right]+w\left(p_{i}\right)+ \\ & w\left[\mathrm{Kpath}\left(\operatorname{enode}_{i}\right)\right] \end{aligned}$
w i表示第i个关键路径所对应的最优中转关键路径代价, w i共由三部分代价构成:①源节点s到关键路径 p i的IGP最短路径代价 K p a t h ( s n o d e i );②源节点s到关键路径 p i的初节点 s n o d e i的IGP最短路径代价 K p a t h ( s n o d e i );③关键路径 p i的末节点 e n o d e i到目的节点d的IGP最短路径代价 K p a t h ( e n o d e i )、关键路径 p i代价。
在分散部署SRv6节点的网络中,基于必经某个中转节点的问题,假设中转节点为x,计算转发路径。
步骤1 计算sd的最短路径 B p a t h ( s , d ),如果中转节点x支持SRv6协议,则 T p a t h ( s , d , x ) = { s , x , d },否则,进入步骤2。
步骤2 计算 V '中节点的所有关键路径Tpathkey,记关键路径集合P
图17示例中, V ' = { S , S R 1 , S R 2 , S R 3 , D }
直接路径集合: { S , S R 1 }, { S , S R 2 },{SR1,SR2}, { S R 1 , D },{SR2,SR3}, { S R 2 , D }, { S R 3 , D }
关键路径Tpathkey集合P: P 1 = { S R 2 , D }, P 2 = { S R 3 , D }
步骤3 计算s到每条关键路径的初节点的最优路径Kpath(bnode),并计算Kpath(bnode)的路径代价w[Kpath(bnode)]。注意,如果初节点是s,则 w [ K p a t h ( s ) ] = 0
示例中,对于 P 1, K p a t h ( S R 2 ) : S A S R 2 , w [ p a t h ( S R 2 ) ] = 2;对于 P 2, K p a t h ( S R 3 ) : S A S R 2 S R 3, w [ K p a t h ( S R 3 ) ] = 3
步骤4 继续计算每条关键路径的末节点到d的最优路径Kpath(enode),并计算Kpath(enode)的路径代价w[Kpath(enode)]。注意,如果末节点是d,则 w [ K p a t h ( d ) ] = 0
示例中,对于 P 1,末节点是d,w[Kpath(D)]=0,同理,对于 P 2, e n o d e 2 = D, w [ K p a t h ( D ) ] = 0
步骤5 计算关键路径段集合p中各关键路径的路径代价,根据式(4),计算各关键路径的最优路径代价 w i
示例中:关键路径P1={SR2,D},w1=w[Kpath(SR2)]+w(P1)+w[Kpath(D)];关键路径P2={SR3,D},w2=w[Kpath(SR3)]+w(P2)+w[Kpath(D)]。
步骤6 比较各关键路径的最优路径代价 w i,最小路径代价 w m i n对应的最优路径即为中转路径 T p a t h ( s , d , x );示例中, w m i n = w 1 = 5,因此中转路径 T p a t h ( S , D , X ) : S S R 2 D
如前文示例,为经过中转节点X,通过模型计算,仅需SR2一个SRv6节点,即可实现源节点S到目的节点D的最小代价传输。在一个网络拓扑中,只需要升级部分网络节点支持SRv6协议,即可达到与完全部署SRv6节点的网络相同的性能。
根据算法二,得到sd的中转路径Tpath(s,d,x),满足式(6)。
在分散部署SRv6节点的IPv6网络中,为了得到需要绕过规避节点的规避路径,通过3个步骤计算:枚举规避关键路径;构造关键路径拓扑;求解目标最优规避路径。
定义6 Anode为目标规避节点, D r t a b表示ab存在直接路径,若 A n o d e D r t a b,则称直接路径 D r t a b为规避关键路径 A p a t h k e y ( a , b ),初节点bnode为a,末节点enode为b,规避关键路径 A p a t h k e y ( a , b )节点序列记为SeQA
(1)枚举规避关键路径。在虚拟网络拓扑 G ' = ( V ' , E ' )中, V '表示源节点S、目的节点D以及V中所有支持SRv6协议的节点, E '为相关链路的集合,且规避节点为x。探寻 V '中的所有规避关键路径Apathkey,记关键路径集合p,同时记录每条规避关键路径的代价。以图18示例规避关键路径的选择与关键路径拓扑的构建。在图18(a)中,源节点S到目的节点D的OSPF协议路由为 S A S R 2 X E D
表4列举了所有 V '中任意两节点的OSPF路由路径,因为源节点S到节点SR1的路径序列为 S A S R 1,不经过规避节点X节点以及 V '其他中节点,得到规避关键路径Apathkey(S,SR1)。由表4可知,所有规避关键路径:Apathkey(S,SR1), A p a t h k e y ( S , S R 2 ),Apathkey(SR1,SR2), A p a t h k e y ( S R 1 , D )
(2)构造关键路径拓扑。在已知所有规避关键路径的情况下,构造关键路径拓扑,拓扑中包含所有关键路径的初末节点、源节点、目的节点以及两节点间虚拟链路。如图19(a)所示, V ' = { S , S R 1 , S R 2 , D },关键路径集合P: P 1 = { S , S R 1 }, P 2 = { S , S R 2 }, P 3 = { S R 1 , S R 2 }, P 4 = { S R 1 , D },由此获得关键路径拓扑 G ' ( V ' , E ' ),如图19(b)所示。生成规避关键路径拓扑,便于在部分部署SRv6的IPv6网络环境中的规避路径 A p a t h ( S , D , X )的计算。如图19(b)所示的关键路径拓扑中,S到SR1存在虚拟链路,而非真实链路。如表5所示为规避关键路径所对应的真实路径。
(3)求解目标最优规避路径在所构造的关键路径拓扑中,根据迪杰斯特拉算法决策源节点到目的节点的最优规避路径 A p a t h ( s , d , x )。为了更好解释路由过程,给出图19示例。直接路径集合: { S , S R 1 }, { S , S R 2 },{SR1,SR2},{SR1,SR3},{SR2,SR3}, { S R 2 , D }, { S R 3 , D },规避关键路径集合P: P 1 = { S , S R 1 }, P 2 = { S , S R 2 }, P 3 = { S R 1 , S R 2 }, P 4 = { S R 1 , S R 3 }, P 5 = { S R 3 , D };由原始拓扑得到 V ' = { S , S R 1 , S R 2 , S R 3 , D }。随后,计算关键路径代价: w 1 = 2, w 2 = 2, w 3 = 2, w 4 = 3, w 5 = 4。得到关键路径拓扑 G ' ( V ' , E ' ),根据迪杰斯特拉算法计算SD A p a t h ( S , D , X ) = { S , S R 1 , S R 3 , D }, C [ A p a t h ( S , D , X ) ] = 7。接下来讲解 F s d的路由过程。流 F s d从源节点S出发,并沿着节点S到节点D的IGP最短路径进行路径传输,因此数据包沿路径SA→SR1到达了节点SR1。此后,数据包使用SR协议路由,SRv6段列表为(SR1,SR3)。数据包依次经过段列表,到达节点SR3,随后数据包使用IGP协议路由到达目的节点D。基于混合IP/SRv6网络的针对特定节点的规避策略算法描述如下。
基于Microsoft Visual Studio 2010开发环境,采用C++编程语言进行实验代码编写和测试,在拓扑Abilene、ARPANET、Peer1、ANS上进行TCSR策略的拓扑分析。拓扑ANS共有17个节点、22条链路,拓扑Abilene共有11个节点、13条链路,拓扑Peer1共有16个节点、20条链路,拓扑ARPANET共有16个节点、18条链路,网络链路的权重随机设置。ANS拓扑设置SRv6不同部署下的节点分布情况如图20所示。
首先,在上述真实拓扑中验证基于混合SR/IP的网络环境中经过特定中转节点的路径转移策略。单一拓扑下随机选取了3组源节点-目的节点对,如表6所示。单一节点对下验证了不同部署下策略的表现情况,如图21所示。
其次,同样在上述真实拓扑中验证基于混合SR/IP的网络中绕过规避节点的规避策略。单一拓扑下随机选取了3组源节点-目的节点对,如表7所示。单一节点对下验证了不同部署下策略的表现情况,规划更优规避路径,如图22所示。
验证结果表明,仅部署部分SRv6节点便可达到与完全SRv6节点的IPv6网络同样的路径优化效果。与发生规避意图前的IGP最短路径长度相比,为最短路径代价的1.6倍左右,而随着网络中SRv6节点的增多,效果更好。基于上述拓扑以及源目的节对,利用较好的增量部署策略,仅利用较少的SRv6节点即可实现路径转移需求。因此,现有传统IP网络应采用合适的增量部署方案,逐步升级为部分部署SRv6节点的IPv6网络。当网络中出现故障节点等绕过规避节点的情况或者需要流量清洗等必经某个中转节点的情况时,仅需几个支持SRv6协议的路由器节点便可实现网络管理者意图。
在完全部署SRv6节点的网络以及部分部署SRv6节点的网络中,为了解决由于网络故障、网络流量定向节点转发问题,合理优化SRv6开销,从而引导流量实现最优路径路由,提出了基于SRv6的路径控制机制的基本框架。针对完全部署SRv6节点的网络,提出了在完全部署SRv6节点的网络中的路由路径控制策略。该策略优化了必经中转节点的中转路径以及绕过规避节点的规避路径,在实现流量转发目标的基础上,与OSPF路由算法路径相结合优化SR段列表序列,最小化段列表深度。针对部分部署SRv6节点的网络,提出了部分部署SRv6节点的网络中路由路径控制策略。该策略通过合理构建关键路径拓扑,实现规避特定转发节点或必经特定中转节点的需求,从而实现更优路由路径选择。通过实验,证明了上述方案的有效性。
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2501685
  • 接收时间:2025-03-13
  • 首发时间:2026-01-13
  • 出版时间:2025-07-28
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-13
  • 修回日期:2025-07-08
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    1 首都师范大学管理学院, 北京 100048
    2 首都师范大学信息工程学院, 北京 100048
    3 国网新疆电力有限公司信息通信公司, 乌鲁木齐 830002

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* 陈文龙(1976—),男,汉族,江西吉安人,博士,教授。研究方向:互联网体系结构。E-mail:
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