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Article(id=1217789890624934762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1217789884081820362, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2407568, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1728662400000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-12, revisedDate=1745164800000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-21, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768273335367, onlineDateStr=2026-01-13, pubDate=1753632000000, pubDateStr=2025-07-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768273335367, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768273335367, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768273335367, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1217789884081820362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='21', pageStart='8761', pageEnd='9209', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768273333807, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768273602927, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217791012932604619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1217789884081820362, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217791012932604620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1217789884081820362, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=9195, endPage=9202, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1217789891543487375, articleId=1217789890624934762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Impact of Hyriopsis cumingii on Water Quality and Phytoplankton during Process of Potamogeton crispus Decay, columnId=1156262729993277777, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Environmental and Safe Science, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The decomposition of submerged plants such as Potamogeton crispus releases a large amount of nutrients into the water body, which has a negative impact on aquatic ecosystems. To investigate the slowing effect of filter feeding benthic animal, the Hyriopsis cumingii, on the deterioration of water quality after the decomposition of submerged plants, a 45 day experimental chamber simulation experiment was conducted from May to July 2023 using different specifications and densities of clams and seagrass combinations to monitor changes in water quality indicators and phytoplankton community structure. It was found that filtration through the Hyriopsis cumingii can reduce the total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and chlorophyll a (CHLA) in the water to a certain extent. To investigate the density effect and size effect of its Hyriopsis cumingii, low, medium, and high-density triangular sail clams were released. The experimental results show that different sizes and densities of Hyriopsis cumingii can significantly control the biomass of phytoplankton, and Hyriopsis cumingii have a significant impact on the community structure of phytoplankton. Among them, releasing small-sized (shell length 4 cm) low-density (1 g/L) Hyriopsis cumingii has the best effect on improving water quality and controlling phytoplankton biomass.

, correspAuthors=Ya-juan ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ya-wen LI, Kai MO, Ao-yin SHI, Lei JIN, Ya-juan ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1217789892793390029, articleId=1217789890624934762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=三角帆蚌在菹草腐败过程中对水质和浮游植物的影响, columnId=1156262730140078420, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·环境科学、安全科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

沉水植物菹草腐解会向水体释放大量营养物质,对水生态系统产生负面影响。为了探究滤食性底栖动物三角帆蚌对沉水植物腐解后水质恶化的减缓作用,于2023年5—7月以不同规格、不同密度的蚌与菹草组合进行了45 d试验箱模拟实验,监测水质指标的及浮游植物群落结构的变化。结果发现,经三角帆蚌的滤过,在一定程度上可以降低水体中的总氮(total nitrogen,TN)、总磷(total phosphorus,TP)、化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand,COD)以及叶绿素a(chlorophyll a,CHLA)。为探究其三角帆蚌的密度效应与规格效应,投放低、中、高密度的三角帆蚌。实验结果显示不同规格密度的三角帆蚌均可以显著控制浮游植物的生物量,且三角帆蚌对浮游植物的群落结构有显著影响。其中,投放小规格(壳长4 cm)低密度(1 g/L)的三角帆蚌对水体的改善和浮游植物生物量的控制最好。

, correspAuthors=张亚娟, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 张亚娟(1978—),女,汉族,河北保定人,博士,副教授。研究方向:水域生态学。E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=Q0NOTVxaMZPEj3G+I2VrMw==, magXml=p8r2T8wId7hM+sSwkmGRIA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=ppa6nJ3YoHlheQi5dGnMqA==, pdfFileSize=7243391, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=unPuMlrkXPBh9UNbePQO4g==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=esbGvhUzx9q10pgtPexyJA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

李雅文(1998—),女,汉族,河北保定人,硕士研究生。研究方向:水域生态学。E-mail:。

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李雅文(1998—),女,汉族,河北保定人,硕士研究生。研究方向:水域生态学。E-mail:。

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李雅文(1998—),女,汉族,河北保定人,硕士研究生。研究方向:水域生态学。E-mail:。

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大写字母表示同一时间组间差异的显著性(P< 0.05),小写字母表示每组在不同时间差异的显著性(P< 0.05)

, figureFileSmall=r70kj+01nd4TJuQyNvA8iA==, figureFileBig=MYz/cAzBMSL97Oar3w0aKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860112904012182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789890624934762, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=The impact of small-sized clams with different densities on water quality changes, figureFileSmall=z/pR/U1Xw4GCqyRYcU4iuw==, figureFileBig=oLa5lKshjjEywNspiPR+zQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860113029841318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789890624934762, language=CN, label=图2, caption=小规格不同密度蚌对水质变化的影响, figureFileSmall=z/pR/U1Xw4GCqyRYcU4iuw==, figureFileBig=oLa5lKshjjEywNspiPR+zQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860113168253370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789890624934762, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Changes in biomass of phytoplankton in each group, figureFileSmall=fy42iaqg5RA7JCBIZ0yGfg==, figureFileBig=n6ynu2IGRkC6iDZcbCu2Zg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860113281499595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789890624934762, language=CN, label=图3, caption=各组浮游植物生物量变化, figureFileSmall=fy42iaqg5RA7JCBIZ0yGfg==, figureFileBig=n6ynu2IGRkC6iDZcbCu2Zg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860113382162905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789890624934762, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Changes in the abundance of phytoplankton in each group, figureFileSmall=+xVk+nxr6FhsUH7Wbis36Q==, figureFileBig=XAAmFICEW+W+tnNqWra7Hw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860113499603434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789890624934762, language=CN, label=图4, caption=各组浮游植物丰度变化, figureFileSmall=+xVk+nxr6FhsUH7Wbis36Q==, figureFileBig=XAAmFICEW+W+tnNqWra7Hw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860113612849655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789890624934762, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Experimental group setting

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分组 编号 处理
无草无蚌组 C 450 g菹草0蚌
大规格蚌低密度 A1 450 g菹草+240 g大型三角帆蚌
大规格蚌中密度 A2 450 g菹草+480 g大型三角帆蚌
大规格蚌高密度 A3 450 g菹草+720 g大型三角帆蚌
小规格蚌低密度 B1 450 g菹草+240 g小型三角帆蚌
小规格蚌中密度 B2 450 g菹草+480 g小型三角帆蚌
小规格蚌高密度 B3 450 g菹草+720 g小型三角帆蚌
), ArticleFig(id=1217860113759650312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789890624934762, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

试验组别设置

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分组 编号 处理
无草无蚌组 C 450 g菹草0蚌
大规格蚌低密度 A1 450 g菹草+240 g大型三角帆蚌
大规格蚌中密度 A2 450 g菹草+480 g大型三角帆蚌
大规格蚌高密度 A3 450 g菹草+720 g大型三角帆蚌
小规格蚌低密度 B1 450 g菹草+240 g小型三角帆蚌
小规格蚌中密度 B2 450 g菹草+480 g小型三角帆蚌
小规格蚌高密度 B3 450 g菹草+720 g小型三角帆蚌
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三角帆蚌在菹草腐败过程中对水质和浮游植物的影响
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李雅文 1 , 莫凯 1 , 史澳银 1 , 金磊 1 , 张亚娟 1, 2, *
科学技术与工程 | 论文·环境科学、安全科学 2025,25(21): 9195-9202
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三角帆蚌在菹草腐败过程中对水质和浮游植物的影响
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李雅文1 , 莫凯1, 史澳银1, 金磊1, 张亚娟1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1 河北大学生命科学学院, 保定 071002
  • 2 河北省湿地生态与保护重点试验室, 衡水 053000

    • 李雅文(1998—),女,汉族,河北保定人,硕士研究生。研究方向:水域生态学。E-mail:。

通讯作者:

* 张亚娟(1978—),女,汉族,河北保定人,博士,副教授。研究方向:水域生态学。E-mail:。
Impact of Hyriopsis cumingii on Water Quality and Phytoplankton during Process of Potamogeton crispus Decay
Ya-wen LI1 , Kai MO1, Ao-yin SHI1, Lei JIN1, Ya-juan ZHANG1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
  • 2 Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Protection in Hebei Province, Hengshui 053000, China
出版时间: 2025-07-28 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2407568
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摘要
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沉水植物菹草腐解会向水体释放大量营养物质,对水生态系统产生负面影响。为了探究滤食性底栖动物三角帆蚌对沉水植物腐解后水质恶化的减缓作用,于2023年5—7月以不同规格、不同密度的蚌与菹草组合进行了45 d试验箱模拟实验,监测水质指标的及浮游植物群落结构的变化。结果发现,经三角帆蚌的滤过,在一定程度上可以降低水体中的总氮(total nitrogen,TN)、总磷(total phosphorus,TP)、化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand,COD)以及叶绿素a(chlorophyll a,CHLA)。为探究其三角帆蚌的密度效应与规格效应,投放低、中、高密度的三角帆蚌。实验结果显示不同规格密度的三角帆蚌均可以显著控制浮游植物的生物量,且三角帆蚌对浮游植物的群落结构有显著影响。其中,投放小规格(壳长4 cm)低密度(1 g/L)的三角帆蚌对水体的改善和浮游植物生物量的控制最好。

净化  /  三角帆蚌  /  水质指标  /  群落结构  /  浮游植物

The decomposition of submerged plants such as Potamogeton crispus releases a large amount of nutrients into the water body, which has a negative impact on aquatic ecosystems. To investigate the slowing effect of filter feeding benthic animal, the Hyriopsis cumingii, on the deterioration of water quality after the decomposition of submerged plants, a 45 day experimental chamber simulation experiment was conducted from May to July 2023 using different specifications and densities of clams and seagrass combinations to monitor changes in water quality indicators and phytoplankton community structure. It was found that filtration through the Hyriopsis cumingii can reduce the total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and chlorophyll a (CHLA) in the water to a certain extent. To investigate the density effect and size effect of its Hyriopsis cumingii, low, medium, and high-density triangular sail clams were released. The experimental results show that different sizes and densities of Hyriopsis cumingii can significantly control the biomass of phytoplankton, and Hyriopsis cumingii have a significant impact on the community structure of phytoplankton. Among them, releasing small-sized (shell length 4 cm) low-density (1 g/L) Hyriopsis cumingii has the best effect on improving water quality and controlling phytoplankton biomass.

purification  /  Hyriopsis cumingii  /  water quality factors  /  community structure  /  phytoplankton
李雅文, 莫凯, 史澳银, 金磊, 张亚娟. 三角帆蚌在菹草腐败过程中对水质和浮游植物的影响. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (21) : 9195 -9202 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2407568
Ya-wen LI, Kai MO, Ao-yin SHI, Lei JIN, Ya-juan ZHANG. Impact of Hyriopsis cumingii on Water Quality and Phytoplankton during Process of Potamogeton crispus Decay[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (21) : 9195 -9202 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2407568
正文
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沉水植物是湖泊生态系统的重要初级生产力,在物质循环和能量流动中占据重要角色。然而,水环境中的高氮磷含量导致耐污性沉水植物过度蔓延,当成熟期过后沉水植物枯萎腐烂,释放营养盐,造成水体“二次污染”,降低透明度,有机质、氮、磷等污染物浓度大幅度增加,进而对水体生态系统构成损害[1-4]。菹草(Potamogeton crispus)是浅水湖泊中典型的沉水植物,秋季发芽,冬春生长,初夏衰亡。菹草易在富营养化水体中过量生长,腐败分解时会释放营养和有机物质,消耗溶解氧,使水质恶化[5-6]。针对菹草的腐败分解所造成的水体富营养化问题,通常采用人工打捞、放养食草性鱼类等措施,减少沉水植物的生物量。然而,沉水植物腐败后如何减缓其对水质的影响的生物操纵法研究尚不多见。
三角帆蚌(Alasmidonta undulata)隶属于双壳纲、蚌科、帆蚌属,俗称珍珠蚌、三角蚌,广泛分布于河流、池塘、湖泊、水库中。目前研究主要聚集于人工繁殖、遗传育种、珍珠培育和生长形状等方面[7]。对其在生态系统中对水质改善与浮游植物组成影响等研究较少。目前已有研究[8-9]证明了三角帆蚌是控制藻类繁殖和调节水质的良好选择。Yu等[10]证明了三角帆蚌在循环水养殖系统中有环境净化能力。曾有学者研究证明生态系统中浮游植物群落与环境因子之间的关系[11-12],但对净化水质过程中浮游植物群落结构的变化以及其水质之间的关系未有探究,另外三角帆蚌的大小和密度如何选择,目前还不明确。三角帆蚌以滤过方式主要摄食浮游生物、细菌、有机碎屑等[13-16]。已有研究证明利用三角帆蚌可以降低水体富营养化程度,改善水质[17-22]。三角帆蚌也能够消除水体中藻类,降低水体悬浮物浓度,提高水体透明度[23]。目前贝类对水质的净化研究多数聚焦于其滤食作用[24-25],而对贝类的规格和密度效应对水质及藻类生物量的影响鲜有报道。杨东妹等[26]、龚进玲等[27]也证实了背角无齿蚌改变了浮游藻类的群落结构,提高了水体透明度,有利于促进水生态系统由浊水态向清水态转变。基于此,现以三角帆蚌为研究对象,设置不同规格与密度,分析对水质的净化效果最优的规格和密度,探究其在菹草腐败过程中对水体水质指标和浮游生物群落的影响,为湖泊的管理和水质改善提供理论参考。
1 材料与方法
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1.1 试验材料
试验于2023年5月21日—7月11日在河北大学白洋淀科学研究基地进行。试验容器为240 L(长80 cm、宽60 cm、高60 cm)的聚乙烯塑料试验箱,三角帆蚌取自河北雄安淡贝环保科技有限公司贝类繁育基地,菹草采自白洋淀鲥鯸淀处于腐败期植株。试验开始前在试验箱底部铺入淀区底泥,厚度为10 cm。淀泥在使用前于阳光下曝晒24 h,过筛,并去除植物种子、底栖动物残体和大颗粒砾石,保持泥质均匀。试验用水取自鲥鯸淀,箱内水深保持在50 cm,初次蓄水需静置10 d。
1.2 试验设计
参照淀区内菹草的密度,在每个试验箱中放置鲜重为0.22 kg的菹草,再分别放入不同规格和密度的三角帆蚌。大规格三角帆蚌壳长为8 cm,小规格三角帆蚌壳长为4 cm。3种密度为:1、2、3 g/L。试验共设置1个对照组和6个试验组,每个组3个重复(表1)。试验开始后每15 d测定水质指标,并采集浮游植物样品。
1.3 水质指标的测定
使用多参数水质分析仪(YSI,6600V2)现场测定叶绿素a(chlorophyll a,CHLA)、溶解氧(DO)、浊度(TUB)等指标。采用虹吸法从试验箱采集500 mL水样带回试验室测定总氮、总磷、化学需氧量等指标,总氮使用过硫酸钾消解-紫外分光光度法测定、总磷使用钼酸铵分光光度法测定、化学需氧量使用重铬酸钾氧化法测定,具体分析方法参考文献[28]。其中,丰度单位是ind./L,即individual/L,表示每升(液体)里的(生物)个体数量。
1.4 浮游植物的采集与鉴定
在每个试验箱中采集1 L浮游植物样品,现场加入10 mL鲁哥溶液进行固定,带回试验室后沉淀48 h浓缩后,在显微镜下进行种类鉴定和计数,并计算生物量[29]。
1.5 数据处理
试验数据采用R语言、SPSS 27.0、Graghpad Prism、Origin等软件进行统计和作图。利用 Kolmogorov-Smirnov、Levene检验对所获取的数据进行正态和方差齐性检验,对通过检验的数据采用单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA) 的方法,对水质指标进行显著性检验,其中大写字母表示同组不同时间差异的显著性,相同小写字母表示每组同一时间的研究。
2 结果分析
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2.1 菹草腐败过程中水质的变化
试验初期在每个试验箱内放入整株菹草(相同生物量),随试验的进行,各个密度组从试验开始至试验第15天水体的总氮(total nitrogen,TN)、总磷(total phosphorus,TP)、浊度以及化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand,COD)均呈上升趋势(图1),叶绿素及溶解氧呈下降趋势[图1(e)、图1(f)、图2(e)、图2(f)]。说明菹草的腐败导致水体的营养盐含量上升,且透明度下降。
2.2 三角帆对菹草腐败过程理化因子的影响
如图1、图2所示,在同一密度下分别对不同规格的三角帆蚌组间差异进行ANOVA方差分析,结果显示P> 0.05,说明三角帆蚌对理化因子的影响不存在规格效应。因此,仅分析在同一规格下密度对三角帆蚌对理化因子的影响,相同规格之间仅做相对比较。
TN、TP、COD:在大小两种规格下,投放不同密度的三角帆蚌均会降低水体中的TN、TP、COD浓度,其中大规格低、中密度组(A1、A2)TN浓度在第30天时显著低于对照组(P< 0.05)。在第45天时,各组均低于对照组(P< 0.05)。小规格低、中密度组(B1、B2)TN浓度在第30天时显著低于对照组(P< 0.05),且B2显著低于B1(P< 0.05)。大规格各密度组TP浓度在第45天时均显著低于对照组(P< 0.05)。小规格各密度组TP浓度(B1、B2、B3)在各时期均显著低于对照组C(P< 0.05),第15天时B3显著低于B1、B2(P<0.05)。在第30天时TP浓度变化趋势与第15天相同,而在第45天时,B1显著低于B2、B3(P< 0.05)。大规格各密度组COD在第30天时显著低于对照组(P< 0.05),其中高密度组的COD浓度显著低于低、中密度组。除试验初期外,小规格各密度组的各时期COD浓度均显著低于对照组(P< 0.05),其中小规格低密度组在第30天时显著低于中、高密度组(P< 0.05)。但在第45天时不同规格各密度组COD浓度均显著低于对照组C(P< 0.05)。
TUB、DO、CHLA:在试验第15天、第30天、第45天时,大规格各密度组TUB均显著低于对照组(P< 0.05)。其中,在第30天时大规格中密度组TUB显著低于底、高密度组(P< 0.05),而大规格低、高密度三角帆蚌组之间并无显著差异(P> 0.05)。在试验第30天时,小规格各密度TUB均显著低于对照组(P< 0.05),且小规格低密度组TUB显著低于小规格中、高密度组。在试验的第45天时,不同规格的低、中、高密度三角帆蚌组的CHLA浓度均显著低于对照组(P< 0.05)。
2.3 三角帆蚌对浮游植物群落的影响
试验期间,对照组浮游植物的总生物量随时间有小幅上升,试验组呈下降趋势,证明三角帆蚌的投放可以显著降低浮游植物的生物量。从门类上看,随着试验的进行,试验组蓝藻门的相对生物量有小幅下降,绿藻门的相对生物量与试验初期相比有明显提升,硅藻门的相对生物量较试验初期有小幅下降,其余门类无明显变化(图3)。
与对照组相比,所有试验组均观察到浮游植物丰度的下降,小规格的三角帆蚌对浮游植物丰度的影响更为迅速和显著(图4)。试验期间,各组浮游植物相对丰度均为硅藻门占比较高。不同密度组随时间绿藻门、硅藻门及蓝藻门小幅降低而甲藻门、金藻门及隐藻门呈上升趋势。小规格蚌的中、高密度降幅较大(图4)。
3 讨论
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近年来,利用贝类控制水体浮游植物组成和调控水生态环境的研究备受关注[30]。
在试验的初期阶段,观察到水体中的浊度和叶绿素含量相对较高,随着试验的进行,三角帆蚌各试验组的水体质量得到明显改善。三角帆蚌通过滤食行为,有效减少了水体中的悬浮颗粒和浮游植物,并降低了TN、TP以及COD的浓度。在菹草腐败的后期,投放低、中密度、两种规格的三角帆蚌均降低TN浓度,投放中密度小规格三角帆蚌的效果最好;试验各组三角帆蚌都能降低TP浓度,在试验第15天时,菹草腐败达到峰值,此时投放高密度小规格三角帆蚌控制水体中的TP浓度效果最好,在试验的第45天时,小规格低密度三角帆蚌组降低TP浓度的效果较为显著;在试验的第30天时,低密度的不同规格三角帆蚌组降低COD的效果最好。大规格和小规格的低密度组对浊度和叶绿素a有明显的降低作用。在菹草腐败过程中,三角帆蚌对水体的TN、TP以及COD有显著降低的效果,在不同的腐败阶段投放三角帆蚌的密度不同,在菹草腐败的后期,投放低密度两种规格的三角帆蚌均降低TN、TP浓度,此时水体内的营养盐含量较高,投放低密度的三角帆蚌有利于改善水体,薛玲玲等[31]的研究证实三角帆蚌对水体藻类中N、P等营养盐的消除效果显著;在试验后期投放低密度的三角帆蚌对叶绿素a、浊度以及COD的控制效果最好,在潘建林等[32]的研究中也证实了用三角帆蚌来净化水质以及控藻的效果显著。
从试验结果来看,投放三角帆蚌均改变了浮游植物群落各门类的相对丰度,这表明三角帆蚌对浮游植物群落具有较大的影响。优势门类如绿藻门、硅藻门的相对丰度显著下降。这反映了三角帆蚌对绿藻门和硅藻门有摄食偏好。但从生物量上讲,低密度大规格与小规格蚌三角帆蚌均对生物量的控制效果最好,而小规格三角帆蚌较大规格三角帆蚌在控制浮游植物生物量方面表现地更好。各试验组硅藻门的相对生物量显著下降,大、小两种规格低密度组三角帆蚌相对生物量的降幅最高。这一结果也验证了潘建林等提出的蚌能够有效降低水体中藻类的生物量,且低密度条件下更有利于三角帆蚌的存活和净化效果[32]。有研究证明了淡水双壳贝类可以过滤传统淡水湖小于10 μm的蓝藻和绿藻,本试验优势门类基本为硅藻门和绿藻门,因此可以利用低密度的三角帆蚌摄食浮游植物以达到更好的控藻效果。小规格蚌的滤食作用较强,推测可能是因为它们具有较高的代谢需求和滤食率[33-34],需要大量摄入浮游植物以满足其生长和生存的需求。此外,小规格蚌的滤食器官可能更适合捕获体型较小的浮游植物,从而在较短的时间内显著降低它们的数量。这种滤食作用的强度差异不仅对浮游植物的丰度产生影响,还可能对浮游植物群落的长期动态和稳定性产生深远的影响。小规格蚌的高效滤食可能会促进某些浮游植物种类的减少,同时为其他能够抵抗或逃避捕食的物种提供生长的机会,从而影响群落的物种组成。
在菹草腐败水体中,三角帆蚌对藻类的去除效果与密度有关,如太湖围隔中的蚌类在低、中等生物量时对藻类、叶绿素a和悬浮物的去除效果最好,生物量过大会降低单位消除量[33]。本文结果与此相同,三角帆蚌的滤食滤随着密度的升高而降低,且密度与规格无交互作用。试验中,投放小规格低密度的三角帆蚌的控藻以及水体改善效果最好。
4 结论
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试验结果证明三角帆蚌对菹草腐败水体有改善作用,能降低水体TN、TP以及COD浓度。在菹草腐败中期,此时投放小规格高密度三角帆蚌控制水体中的TP浓度效果最好;在菹草腐败后期,小规格低密度三角帆蚌组降低TP浓度的效果较为显著。综合考虑建议在试验后期,投放低密度的三角帆蚌对水体改善效果最好。试验结果显示,投放小规格低密度的三角帆蚌对浮游植物生物量的控制效果最好。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学青年科学基金(32401332)
  • 河北省湿地生态与保护重点试验室开放基金(Hklk201905)
  • 河北省湿地生态与保护重点试验室开放基金(Hklk202003)
  • 河北大学人才经费(521000981303)
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2025年第25卷第21期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2407568
  • 接收时间：2024-10-12
  • 首发时间：2026-01-13
  • 出版时间：2025-07-28
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  • 收稿日期：2024-10-12
  • 修回日期：2025-04-21
基金
国家自然科学青年科学基金(32401332)
河北省湿地生态与保护重点试验室开放基金(Hklk201905)
河北省湿地生态与保护重点试验室开放基金(Hklk202003)
河北大学人才经费(521000981303)
作者信息
    1 河北大学生命科学学院, 保定 071002
    2 河北省湿地生态与保护重点试验室, 衡水 053000

通讯作者:

* 张亚娟(1978—),女,汉族,河北保定人,博士,副教授。研究方向:水域生态学。E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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