Article(id=1217789890448769097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1217789884081820362, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406102, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1723651200000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-15, revisedDate=1744214400000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768273335324, onlineDateStr=2026-01-13, pubDate=1753632000000, pubDateStr=2025-07-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768273335324, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768273335324, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768273335324, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1217789884081820362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='21', pageStart='8761', pageEnd='9209', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768273333807, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768273602927, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217791012932604619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1217789884081820362, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217791012932604620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1217789884081820362, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=9158, endPage=9165, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1217789891094691975, articleId=1217789890448769097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Precise Collaborative Control of Highway Accident Scenarios Based on Cellular Automata, columnId=1156262728772735295, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Traffics and Transportations, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To mitigate the impact of highway accidents on traffic capacity and driving safety, a coordinated control strategy was proposed involving both service areas and toll stations. Firstly, the proposed coordinated control strategy was described in detail. Secondly, to simulate traffic flow more accurately under highway accident scenarios, the cellular automata model was enhanced by introducing different random deceleration probabilities, acceleration/deceleration rates, and lane-changing conditions for different vehicle types. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy was validated through simulation. The results indicate that, compared to scenarios without control measures, implementing service area control can reduce average vehicle delay, fuel consumption, and cumulative carbon emissions by 62.90%, 69.50%, and 69.50% respectively. Moreover, using the coordinated control strategy of service areas and toll stations can further reduce these metrics by 55.76%, 59.58%, and 59.58% respectively. Precise control measures can significantly reduce the impact of accidents.

, correspAuthors=Jian-dong ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ya-zhou WANG, Rui-jun ZHENG, Jing-ya GAO, Zhi-xin YU, Jian-dong ZHAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1217789894827622966, articleId=1217789890448769097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=基于元胞自动机的高速公路事故场景精准协同管控, columnId=1156262730664366426, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·交通运输, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了降低高速公路事故对通行能力和行车安全带来的影响,提出了一种涉及高速公路主线、服务区和收费站的精准协同管控策略。首先,对提出的协同管控策略进行了说明。其次,为了更真实地对高速公路事故场景的交通流进行仿真,通过设置大小车不同的随机慢化概率、加减速度和换道条件,对元胞自动机模型进行了改进。最后通过仿真验证了提出管控策略的有效性,结果表明,相比于无管控措施,采用服务区调控,在车均延误、油耗和累积碳排放上,分别能降低62.90%、69.50%和69.50%;采用服务区+收费站的协同管控模式,在3种指标上分别能进一步降低55.76%、59.58%和59.58%;精准管控措施可以显著降低事故的影响。

, correspAuthors=赵建东, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 赵建东(1975—),男,汉族,山西忻州人,博士,教授。研究方向:智能交通。E-mail:
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王亚州(1994—),男,汉族,河北保定人,硕士,工程师。研究方向:智慧交通。E-mail:

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王亚州(1994—),男,汉族,河北保定人,硕士,工程师。研究方向:智慧交通。E-mail:

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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860120235656097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789890448769097, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Under the joint control of service area + toll station, the average traffic speed diagram of the main line after the accident lasted for 40 minutes, figureFileSmall=HFmVi0Rmb3S9C0dZu7aymg==, figureFileBig=j5oOdm1QbuH/q4JpXe2tpw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860120403428263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789890448769097, language=CN, label=图5, caption=服务区+收费站联合管控下,事故持续40 min后主线平均通行速度图, figureFileSmall=HFmVi0Rmb3S9C0dZu7aymg==, figureFileBig=j5oOdm1QbuH/q4JpXe2tpw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860120587977649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789890448769097, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Congestion mileage comparison, figureFileSmall=lGQfwx4lTx/fo6p5RlUArg==, figureFileBig=UjB8Z+Emz/1xYjTxd0HSrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860120793498559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789890448769097, language=CN, label=图6, caption=拥堵里程对比图, figureFileSmall=lGQfwx4lTx/fo6p5RlUArg==, figureFileBig=UjB8Z+Emz/1xYjTxd0HSrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860120965465035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789890448769097, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Comparison of the number of parking queues, figureFileSmall=iPDA49vx2SgcD1GyJQ0tAA==, figureFileBig=4+V1AwSXSBacsokNw50BEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860121162597333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789890448769097, language=CN, label=图7, caption=排队停车次数对比图, figureFileSmall=iPDA49vx2SgcD1GyJQ0tAA==, figureFileBig=4+V1AwSXSBacsokNw50BEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860121284232160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789890448769097, 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figureFileBig=gv1UascZxI+TDfBcoOxZog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860121892405261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789890448769097, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Service level, average vehicle delay level, figureFileSmall=2SMJ56cBtEL2Me09SO8vkg==, figureFileBig=YA1Gaan+fNrlg+yMQnIkhg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860122068566040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789890448769097, language=CN, label=图10, caption=服务水平、车均延误水平, figureFileSmall=2SMJ56cBtEL2Me09SO8vkg==, figureFileBig=YA1Gaan+fNrlg+yMQnIkhg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860122173423648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789890448769097, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Fuel consumption level, carbon emission level, figureFileSmall=GKqC91f2Z+RFGDpKWVRXMA==, figureFileBig=H1YEJuYie1QhZM1VrfV/rA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860122278281258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789890448769097, language=CN, label=图11, caption=油耗水平、碳排放水平

1 gal(美)=3.79 L

, figureFileSmall=GKqC91f2Z+RFGDpKWVRXMA==, figureFileBig=H1YEJuYie1QhZM1VrfV/rA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860122399916087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789890448769097, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=The average speed of the whole road section changes over time, figureFileSmall=tr+WQUXQ1aGqXl0QLJzspw==, figureFileBig=7zRFsHw5SYSidRdWe7lsBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860122563493955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789890448769097, language=CN, label=图12, caption=全路段平均通行速度随时间变化图, figureFileSmall=tr+WQUXQ1aGqXl0QLJzspw==, figureFileBig=7zRFsHw5SYSidRdWe7lsBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217860122697711693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789890448769097, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Queue result table

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
管控措施 时间
间隔/s
排队
长度/m
最大排
队长度/m
排队停
车次数/次
无限流
措施
0~600 0.00 0.00 0
600~1 200 65.42 186.56 403
1 200~1 800 258.91 345.07 1 397
1 800~2 400 453.04 561.13 3 211
2 400~3 000 739.75 967.60 4 649
服务区
屯车容留
0~600 0.00 0.00 0
600~1 200 31.52 86.01 249
1 200~1 800 50.17 105.42 332
1 800~2 400 74.55 148.07 477
2 400~3 000 298.09 509.89 1 941
收费站、
服务区联
合管控
0~600 0.00 0.00 0
600~1 200 17.31 58.51 163
1 200~1 800 8.50 63.46 83
1 800~2 400 9.29 58.06 107
2 400~3 000 59.66 179.48 438
), ArticleFig(id=1217860122806763601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789890448769097, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

排队结果表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
管控措施 时间
间隔/s
排队
长度/m
最大排
队长度/m
排队停
车次数/次
无限流
措施
0~600 0.00 0.00 0
600~1 200 65.42 186.56 403
1 200~1 800 258.91 345.07 1 397
1 800~2 400 453.04 561.13 3 211
2 400~3 000 739.75 967.60 4 649
服务区
屯车容留
0~600 0.00 0.00 0
600~1 200 31.52 86.01 249
1 200~1 800 50.17 105.42 332
1 800~2 400 74.55 148.07 477
2 400~3 000 298.09 509.89 1 941
收费站、
服务区联
合管控
0~600 0.00 0.00 0
600~1 200 17.31 58.51 163
1 200~1 800 8.50 63.46 83
1 800~2 400 9.29 58.06 107
2 400~3 000 59.66 179.48 438
), ArticleFig(id=1217860122970341469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789890448769097, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Queue result table

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
管控
措施
时间
间隔/s
服务
水平
车均
延误/s
油耗/gal 累积碳
排放/kg
无措施 0~3 000 6 95.90 997.53 8 508.97
服务区 0~3 000 5 35.58 304.28 2 595.47
收费站+
服务区
0~3 000 3 15.74 122.96 1 048.83
), ArticleFig(id=1217860123091976295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789890448769097, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

排队结果表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
管控
措施
时间
间隔/s
服务
水平
车均
延误/s
油耗/gal 累积碳
排放/kg
无措施 0~3 000 6 95.90 997.53 8 508.97
服务区 0~3 000 5 35.58 304.28 2 595.47
收费站+
服务区
0~3 000 3 15.74 122.96 1 048.83
), ArticleFig(id=1217860123213611123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789890448769097, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Queue result table

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
管控
措施
时间
间隔/s
排队
长度/m
最大排
队长度/m
排队停
车次数
精准管
控措施
0~600 0.00 0.00 0
600~1 200 0.88 28.28 15
1 200~1 800 0.00 0.00 0
1 800~2 400 0.00 0.00 0
2 400~3 000 0.04 8.06 1
), ArticleFig(id=1217860123456880766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789890448769097, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

排队结果表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
管控
措施
时间
间隔/s
排队
长度/m
最大排
队长度/m
排队停
车次数
精准管
控措施
0~600 0.00 0.00 0
600~1 200 0.88 28.28 15
1 200~1 800 0.00 0.00 0
1 800~2 400 0.00 0.00 0
2 400~3 000 0.04 8.06 1
), ArticleFig(id=1217860123582709899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789890448769097, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Travel time

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
管控
措施
时间
间隔/s
行程
时间/s
行驶
距离/m
平均速度/
(km·h-1)
精准管
控措施
0~600 279.19 8 700 112.18
600~1 200 283.24 8 700 110.58
1 200~1 800 278.94 8 700 112.28
1 800~2 400 272.17 8 700 115.08
2 400~3 000 275.42 8 700 113.72
), ArticleFig(id=1217860123687567507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217789890448769097, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

行程时间

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
管控
措施
时间
间隔/s
行程
时间/s
行驶
距离/m
平均速度/
(km·h-1)
精准管
控措施
0~600 279.19 8 700 112.18
600~1 200 283.24 8 700 110.58
1 200~1 800 278.94 8 700 112.28
1 800~2 400 272.17 8 700 115.08
2 400~3 000 275.42 8 700 113.72
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基于元胞自动机的高速公路事故场景精准协同管控
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王亚州 1, 2 , 郑瑞君 2, 3 , 高静雅 2, 3 , 余智鑫 4 , 赵建东 5, *
科学技术与工程 | 论文·交通运输 2025,25(21): 9158-9165
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·交通运输 2025, 25(21): 9158-9165
基于元胞自动机的高速公路事故场景精准协同管控
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王亚州1, 2 , 郑瑞君2, 3, 高静雅2, 3, 余智鑫4, 赵建东5, *
作者信息
  • 1 河北省交通规划设计研究院有限公司, 石家庄 050000
  • 2 燕赵现代交通实验室, 石家庄 050800
  • 3 河北交通投资集团有限公司, 石家庄 050000
  • 4 北京交通大学系统科学学院, 北京 100044
  • 5 北京交通大学交通运输学院, 北京 100044
  • 王亚州(1994—),男,汉族,河北保定人,硕士,工程师。研究方向:智慧交通。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 赵建东(1975—),男,汉族,山西忻州人,博士,教授。研究方向:智能交通。E-mail:
Precise Collaborative Control of Highway Accident Scenarios Based on Cellular Automata
Ya-zhou WANG1, 2 , Rui-jun ZHENG2, 3, Jing-ya GAO2, 3, Zhi-xin YU4, Jian-dong ZHAO5, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Hebei Provincial Communications Planning, Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050000, China
  • 2 Yanzhao Modern Transportation Laboratory, Shijiazhuang 050800, China
  • 3 Hebei Transportation Investment Group Company Limited, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
  • 4 School of Systems Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
  • 5 School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
出版时间: 2025-07-28 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406102
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为了降低高速公路事故对通行能力和行车安全带来的影响,提出了一种涉及高速公路主线、服务区和收费站的精准协同管控策略。首先,对提出的协同管控策略进行了说明。其次,为了更真实地对高速公路事故场景的交通流进行仿真,通过设置大小车不同的随机慢化概率、加减速度和换道条件,对元胞自动机模型进行了改进。最后通过仿真验证了提出管控策略的有效性,结果表明,相比于无管控措施,采用服务区调控,在车均延误、油耗和累积碳排放上,分别能降低62.90%、69.50%和69.50%;采用服务区+收费站的协同管控模式,在3种指标上分别能进一步降低55.76%、59.58%和59.58%;精准管控措施可以显著降低事故的影响。

高速公路  /  事故  /  协同管控  /  元胞自动机

To mitigate the impact of highway accidents on traffic capacity and driving safety, a coordinated control strategy was proposed involving both service areas and toll stations. Firstly, the proposed coordinated control strategy was described in detail. Secondly, to simulate traffic flow more accurately under highway accident scenarios, the cellular automata model was enhanced by introducing different random deceleration probabilities, acceleration/deceleration rates, and lane-changing conditions for different vehicle types. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy was validated through simulation. The results indicate that, compared to scenarios without control measures, implementing service area control can reduce average vehicle delay, fuel consumption, and cumulative carbon emissions by 62.90%, 69.50%, and 69.50% respectively. Moreover, using the coordinated control strategy of service areas and toll stations can further reduce these metrics by 55.76%, 59.58%, and 59.58% respectively. Precise control measures can significantly reduce the impact of accidents.

highway  /  accident  /  collaborative control  /  cellular automata
王亚州, 郑瑞君, 高静雅, 余智鑫, 赵建东. 基于元胞自动机的高速公路事故场景精准协同管控. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (21) : 9158 -9165 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406102
Ya-zhou WANG, Rui-jun ZHENG, Jing-ya GAO, Zhi-xin YU, Jian-dong ZHAO. Precise Collaborative Control of Highway Accident Scenarios Based on Cellular Automata[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (21) : 9158 -9165 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406102
高速公路网的延伸带动了经济扩增,提升了居民出行的便捷性,但随之而来地引起了更多的交通事故,不仅会带来人员伤亡和财产损失,也会降低道路通行能力,对其他车辆的安全产生影响。如何在事故场景下,制定多方联动的高速公路精准管控策略,进而提升高速公路通行的安全性和效率,具有较大的理论意义和实际意义。
国内外针对高速公路的管控已有部分研究,根据管控对象的不同,可以分为主线管控和联合控制两种方式。
主线管控是指通过对高速公路主线车速的控制,降低拥堵带来的影响。余荣杰等[1]提出了多智能体深度确定性策略梯度算法,实现多路段可变限速协同控制的需求。刘志远等[2]在传统可变限速(variable speed limits, VSL)控制模型的基础上,引入了分级次数和安全降幅区间,提出了一种混合交通流场景下的分级限速管控策略。张卫华等[3]分析了不同交通事件类型、交通量等条件下的限速诱导策略,建立了高速公路交通预警及限速诱导方案。Wu等[4]为差分可变限速控制开发了一种更有效的深度强化学习模型,可以在车道之间施加动态变化的速度限制。
随着智慧高速的建设与发展,高速公路主线与收费站、匝道等地的协同管控成为新的研究热点。谢智英等[5]基于VISSIM仿真软件,提出了一种结合可变限速控制、应急车道、匝道控制等方式的协同分级管控策略。单亚男[6]针对快速路交通事故空间扩散范围,采用主线调节控制、匝道控制、交通诱导3种方式,对不同等级的交通事故采取针对性的管控措施。廖冬梅[7]以交通流预测情况为基础,提出了面向事故瓶颈的可变限速与入口收费站协同控制方法。孙凌峰等[8]根据交通状态估计结果,提出了互通入口多匝道与收费站协同管控策略。
综上所述,在高速公路管控方面,目前的研究多以主线控制或者主线结合高速公路其他某一位置(收费站或匝道等)进行管控,然而服务区作为高速公路重要的节点,当发生严重拥堵时,服务区也可作为一个临时停车场,缓解主线压力,目前鲜有研究考虑这一问题。此外,元胞自动机可以快速模拟事故后交通拥堵的形成和扩散过程,帮助研究不同交通管理措施(如限速、车道封闭)的效果。因此现提出一种事故场景下协同收费站、服务区和高速公路主线的管控策略,通过改进元胞自动机实现仿真,验证管控策略的有效性。
当高速公路监控中心接收到事故报警,通过视频监控系统确认发生交通事故,并评估事故对交通流的影响程度达到需要采取管控措施,即刻启动精准管控方案。通过高速公路主线稳流、收费站限流、服务区屯流等多举措并行,实现高速事故的快清快撤,提高事故场景下高速公路通行的安全性和效率,具体包含内容如下。
(1)主线控制。通过可变信息情报板、导航软件等信息发布系统,根据事故现场的实际情况,灵活调整主线限速、车道关闭等,优化车流分布,防止交通拥堵进一步扩大。同时启用应急车道作为临时通行通道(如事故未影响应急车道),确保救援通道畅通无阻。
(2)收费站协同控制。对事故点上游收费站实施临时性限流措施,减缓进站车辆速度,减轻主线压力。利用ETC系统、车牌识别技术等实时监测并分析车流数据,动态调整入口放行策略,避免车辆在事故区域积压。
(3)服务区协同调控。根据事故位置,适时利用附近的服务区作为临时停车场,疏导部分车流至服务区休息等待,缓解主线压力。在服务区内提供路况更新信息,指导驾驶员合理规划行程,减少主线上车辆滞留。
元胞自动机(cellular automata, CA)可以基于简单的规则,灵活地添加车辆行为、交通控制、碰撞恢复等自定义规则。这种灵活性使得它适应于不同场景的仿真需求,实现从微观(单个车辆的行为)到宏观(整体交通流)的多层次仿真。其基本思想是将每条道路都被分割成有限的相同规格的元胞单元,在每个时间步,根据定义好的规则,车辆从一个元胞移动到另一个元胞,从而实现运行状态的变化,进而可以从整体上模拟交通流的变化。
元胞自动机模型最早被用来研究单向单条道路的交通流,定义的规则包括加速、减速、随机慢化和位置更新4个步骤。
步骤1 加速阶段。
vn(t+1)=min[vn(t)+1,vmax]
式(1)中:vn(t+1)和vn(t)分别为第n辆车在t+1和t时间步的速度;vmax为车辆的最大速度。
步骤2 减速阶段。
dn(t)=xn+1(t)-xn(t)-lveh
vn(t+1)=min[vn(t),dn(t)]
式中:dn(t)为第n+1辆车和第n辆车的位置差;xn+1(t)和xn(t)分别为第n辆车在t+1和t时间步的位置;lveh为车辆长度。
步骤3 随机慢化。
vn(t+1)=max[vn(t)-1,0], rand<pslow
式(4)中:vn(t+1)为第n辆车在t+1时间步的速度;rand表示一个0~1的随机数;pslow为随机慢化的概率。
步骤4 位置更新。
xn(t+1)=xn(t)+vn(t+1)
在高速公路上,大小车的驾驶行为表现出差异性[9],二者在加速度和车速变化概率上存在异质性;在发生交通事故时,车辆的随机慢化概率将随着与前车的速度差异实时调整,因此通过对随机慢化概率和减速幅度做出调整。
1)小车
$p_{\mathrm{s}}\left[v_{n}(t)\right]=\left\{\begin{array}{ll} p_{0}, & v_{n}(t)<v_{n+1}(t) \\ p_{1}, & v_{n}(t)=v_{n+1}(t) \\ p_{2}, & v_{n}(t)>v_{n+1}(t) \end{array}\right.$
$a_{\text {slow }, \mathrm{s}}=\left\{\begin{array}{ll} d_{0}, & v_{n}(t)=0 \\ d_{1}, & v_{n}(t)>v_{n+1}(t) \\ d_{2}, & v_{n}(t) \leqslant v_{n+1}(t) \end{array}\right.$
式中:ps[vn(t)]为第n辆小车在t时间步的随机慢化概率;p0p1p2分别为第n辆车速度小于、等于和大于第n+1辆车速度时的随机慢化概率,其中,p0<p1<p2;aslow,s为小车的减速度;d0d1d2分别为自车速度为0、自车速度大于和小于前车时的减速度。
2)大车
$p_{1}\left[v_{n}(t)\right]=\left\{\begin{array}{ll} p_{3}, & v_{n}(t)<v_{n+1}(t) \\ p_{4}, & v_{n}(t)=v_{n+1}(t) \\ p_{5}, & v_{n}(t)>v_{n+1}(t) \end{array}\right.$
$a_{\text {slow }, 1}=\left\{\begin{array}{ll} d_{3}, & v_{n}(t)=0 \\ d_{4}, & v_{n}(t)>v_{n+1}(t) \\ d_{5}, & v_{n}(t) \leqslant v_{n+1}(t) \end{array}\right.$
式中:pl[vn(t)]为第n辆大车在t时间步的随机慢化概率;p3p4p5分别为第n辆车速度小于、等于和大于第n+1辆车速度时的随机慢化概率,其中,p3<p4<p5;aslow,l为大车的减速度;d3d4d5分别为自车速度为0、自车速度大于和小于前车时的减速度。
1)小车
$v_{n}(t+1)=\left\{\begin{array}{ll} \min \left[v_{n}(t)+a_{2}, v_{\text {max }}\right], & d_{n}(t)>1 \\ \min \left[v_{n}(t)+a_{1}, v_{\text {max }}\right], & d_{n}(t) \leqslant 1 \end{array}\right.$
式(10)中:a1a2分别为自车与前车间距较小、较大时的加速度,其中a1<a2
2)大车
$v_{n}(t+1)=\min \left[v_{n}(t)+a_{1}, v_{\max }\right]$
对于减速过程,做出以下改进。
$v_{\text {desire }}=\min \left[d_{n+1}(t), v_{n+1}(t)\right] $
$d_{n}^{\text {eff }}=d_{n}(t)+\max \left[v_{\text {desire }}-\operatorname{gap}_{\text {safe }}, 0\right]$
$v_{n}(t+1)=\max \left[v_{n}(t+1)-d_{n}(t), 0\right] $
式中:vdesire为车辆的期望速度;gapsafe为车辆间的安全间距; d n e f f为车辆间的期望有效距离。
在道路事故场景中,车辆的换道意图可分为以加速通过事故路段为目标的自由换道和以规避事故车辆为目标的强制换道。根据车辆的换道行为,可以将其分为自发性随机换道和强制性换道。
1)自发性随机换道
对于自发性随机换道,也需要区分大小车,采用以下规则描述。
对于小车:
$\operatorname{rand}_{1}<p_{\text {lel }} $
$d_{n}(t)<v_{n}(t)+a_{1} $
$x_{\text {other }}=0 0$
$d_{\mathrm{f}, \mathrm{o}}(n) \geqslant v_{n}(t)+a_{1}$
当相邻车道的后车为小车时,需满足:
$a_{\mathrm{b}}=\left\{\begin{array}{ll} a_{2}, & d_{\mathrm{b}, n-1}(t)>1 \\ a_{1}, & d_{\mathrm{b}, n-1}(t) \leqslant 1 \end{array}\right.$
db,o(n)≥vb,o(t)+ab
当相邻车道的后车为大车时,需满足:
db,o(n)≥vb,o(t)+a1
式中:rand1为0~1的随机数;plc1为小车的随机换道概率;xother为相邻路段的元胞;df,o(n)为自车与相邻车道前车的距离;ab为相邻车道后车的加速度;db,n-1(t)为相邻车道后车与自车在上一时间步的距离;db,o(n)为自车与相邻车道后车的距离;vb,o(t)为相邻车道后车的速度。
对于大车:
rand2<plc2
dn(t)<vn(t)+a2
xother=0
df,o(n)≥vn(t)+a2
db,o(n)≥vb,o(t)+a2
式中:rand2为0~1的随机数;plc2为大车的随机换道概率。
2)强制性换道
对于强制性换道,遵循如下规则。
Tstart<t<Tend
xn(t)<Lforce
xother=0
此外,对于小车而言,当相邻车道的后车为小车时,需满足:
$a_{\mathrm{b}}=\left\{\begin{array}{ll} a_{2}, & d_{b, n-1}(t)>1 \\ a_{1}, & d_{\mathrm{b}, n-1}(t) \leqslant 1 \end{array}\right.$
db,o(n)≥vb,o(t)+ab
当相邻车道的后车为大车时,需满足:
db,o(n)≥vb,o(t)+a1
对于大车,需满足:
db,o(n)≥vb,o(t)+a2
式中:TstartTend分别为事故开始和结束时间;Lforce为事故影响的路段范围。
当服务区开启管控措施时,车辆若进入服务区,需满足以下条件。
rand3<pes
$c_{\mathrm{s}}^{\mathrm{s}}(t)<c_{\mathrm{s}}$
$c_{\mathrm{s}}^{\mathrm{l}}(t)<c_{\mathrm{l}}$
式中:rand3为一个0~1的随机数;pes为车辆进入服务区的概率; c s s(t)和 c l s(t)分别为服务区在时间步t时小车和大车车位的使用量;cscl分别为服务区小车和大车车位总量。
以单向四车道、设计速度120 km/h的荣乌高速新线为例,用元胞自动机模型模拟道路交通事故的精准管控流程以及策略的有效性。
依据张六庄—马庄的实际道路搭建了仿真环境,道路总里程11 km,包含永清南服务区,服务区内有240 h停车位、72个大车停车位;总仿真时长3 000 s,预热600 s,模拟事故持续40 min;主线流量4 000辆/h,折合每车道1 000辆/h;张六庄收费站上口500辆/h;场景为马庄互通附近,内侧1、2车道道路交通事故。具体场景如图1图2所示。
首先对比了无限流管控策略、服务区屯车容留和张六庄收费站分方向限行+服务区联动3种情况。
评价指标包含事故点平均排队长度、排队停车次数、路段平均通行速度、路段通行能力、服务水平[10]、延误水平、路段油耗、累积碳排放量等。
对3种不同管控策略下的道路交通状况进行展示。
在输入的交通量情况下,道路事故占用内侧两条车道,在无限流管控措施下,事故点上游迅速发生车辆堆积现象,车辆拥堵不断蔓延且拥堵无法自然消散,如图3所示。
图3可知,在无限流管控措施下,事故持续40 min之后,拥堵里程约740 m,蔓延至永清南服务区附近。
在当前输入的交通量情况下,道路事故占用内侧两条车道,在服务区动态分流措施下,事故点上游车辆前期并未造成大规模的排队情况,25 min之后,事故点上游车辆逐渐开始呈现拥堵,这是由于服务区容量有限,服务区满负载后,“蓄水池作用”失效,如图4所示。
服务区动态分流诱导措施下,事故持续25 min服务区达到最大容量。
图4可知,在服务区动态分流措施下,事故持续40 min之后,拥堵里程约300 m。
在当前输入的交通量情况下,道路事故占用内侧两条车道,收费站+服务区联合管控措施下,事故点上游车辆排队长度有明显改善,整体拥堵里程明显降低,如图5所示。
图5可知,收费站+服务区联合管控措施下,事故持续40 min之后,拥堵里程约60 m。
通过对比可知,高速公路道路事故阻塞两条车道时,通过对比3类不同管控策略下的道路交通状况,可知,服务屯车容留以及收费站+服务区联合管控措施都起到了一定的缓解作用。联合管控的效果优于单一的服务区分流措施。
对3种管控措施下的排队长度、最大排队长度和排队停车次数进行对比,结果如表1所示。
表1可知,服务区屯车容留、收费站+服务区联合管控的实施效果均优于无限流管控措施。但随着事故持续时间的延长,服务区动态分流的作用有限。
对3种管控措施下的拥堵里程、排队停车次数进行可视化展示,如图6图7所示。
图6图7表1可知,无限流措施事故点上游车辆拥堵里程呈扩大趋势,事故持续40 min,平均排队长度达到739.75 m,事故于30~40 min的时间间隔内排队停车次数达到4 649次。
服务区屯车容留措施,事故点上游车辆拥堵里程也呈扩大趋势,事故持续30 min之内改善效果明显,30~40 min时,由于服务区容量有限,服务区满负载后,“蓄水池作用”失效,实际的通行能力需求大于瓶颈点的最大通行能力,平均拥堵里程又呈现明显的增长趋势,事故持续40 min,平均排队长度达到298.09 m,相对于无限流管控策略,平均排队长度降低59.59%,事故于30~40 min的时间间隔内排队停车次数达到1 941次,相对于无限流管控策略,紧急停车次数下降58.25%。
收费站+服务区联合管控下,事故点上游车辆拥堵里程前期增长不明显,有效地遏制了拥堵里程的快速蔓延。事故持续30 min,拥堵里程呈现扩大的趋势,但是增长趋势显著弱于单一的服务区屯车容留措施。
最终事故持续40 min,平均排队长度达到59.66 m,相对于无限流管控策略,平均排队长度降低91.94%,事故于30~40 min的时间间隔内排队停车次数达到438次,相对于无限流管控策略,紧急停车次数下降90.58%。
对3种管控措施下,全路段平均通行速度随事故持续时间和路段里程的变化,进行可视化展示,如图8图9所示。
图8图9可知,在事故点瓶颈路段的通行能力方面,服务区屯车容留、收费站+服务区联合管控的实施效果均优于无限流管控措施。
统计了3种管控措施下,道路服务水平、车均延误、油耗和累积碳排放,如表2图10图11所示。
表2图10图11可知,在事故影响区域的服务水平、油耗、碳排放方面,服务区屯车容留、收费站+服务区联合管控的实施效果均优于无限流管控措施。其中,采取了联合管控措施,相较于无限流措施,油耗水平、碳排放降低了87.67%。从公众出行角度而言,出行成本是路线选择的首要考虑因素,由上可知,服务区+收费站联合管控策略对于出行者而言,不仅可以节约大量的时间成本,更能显著降低出行成本,节约大量的社会资源消耗,为社会公众带来巨大的经济效益。
在收费站+服务区的协同管控策略基础上,诱导部分车辆提前驶离主线,形成完整的精准管控策略,排队结果如表3所示。可以看出,事故点上游并未造成大规模拥堵,局部拥堵可自然消散。
精准管控措施下行程时间的仿真结果,如表4所示。可以看出,整体路段运行速度维持在了较高水平且随事故的持续,速度变化平顺,并没有发生骤降。
事故持续时间和拥堵长度的关系对比如图12所示。可以看出,精准管控措施的效果明显优于其他管控措施,验证了所提出的管控方案的有效性。此外,当实际道路交通量水平较低时,小于剩余服务最大交通量,即可以不采取限流措施(无需封闭收费站、无需枢纽互通分流等),也可充分保障道路的安全与效率水平。
针对高速公路事故对道路通行能力、车辆行驶安全性影响较大的问题,提出了一种主线、服务区和收费站协同控制策略,通过改进元胞自动机实现了仿真验证。主要结论如下。
(1)在基于元胞自动机的交通流仿真研究上,改进的元胞自动机模型通过调整随机慢化概率、加减速幅度,能够表现大小车驾驶行为的异质性,通过调整随机换道概率和强制换道的条件,能够再现高速公路事故场景下的交通流演化规律。
(2)在事故场景下高速公路管控策略研究上,利用附近的服务区作为临时停车场,疏导部分车流至服务区休息等待,同时对事故点上游收费站实施临时性限流措施,减缓进站车辆速度,能够有效增加高速公路通行能力,减少事故带来的影响,仿真结果表明,相比于无管控措施,采用服务区调控,在车均延误、油耗和累积碳排放上,分别能降低62.90%、69.50%和69.50%;采用服务区+收费站的协同管控模式,在3种指标上分别能进一步降低55.76%、59.58%和59.58%;结合主线管控,可以显著降低事故的影响。
  • 河北交投集团2023年度重大科技研发项目(ZH2023D1-02)
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2025年第25卷第21期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406102
  • 接收时间:2024-08-15
  • 首发时间:2026-01-13
  • 出版时间:2025-07-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-15
  • 修回日期:2025-04-10
基金
河北交投集团2023年度重大科技研发项目(ZH2023D1-02)
作者信息
    1 河北省交通规划设计研究院有限公司, 石家庄 050000
    2 燕赵现代交通实验室, 石家庄 050800
    3 河北交通投资集团有限公司, 石家庄 050000
    4 北京交通大学系统科学学院, 北京 100044
    5 北京交通大学交通运输学院, 北京 100044

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* 赵建东(1975—),男,汉族,山西忻州人,博士,教授。研究方向:智能交通。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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