Article(id=1217472618723197418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149780466032669506, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403384, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1715097600000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-08, revisedDate=1735833600000, revisedDateStr=2025-01-03, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768197691850, onlineDateStr=2026-01-12, pubDate=1744041600000, pubDateStr=2025-04-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768197691850, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768197691850, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768197691850, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149780466032669506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='10', pageStart='3969', pageEnd='4395', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752058624990, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456644259, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218558743898411553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149780466032669506, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218558743898411554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149780466032669506, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4326, endPage=4333, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1217472619104879085, articleId=1217472618723197418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Interface Bonding Layer Based on Assembled Bridges, columnId=1156262728772735295, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Traffics and Transportations, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to ensure the safety and reliability of the structural connection of assembled bridges, the strength test design of different types of interface agents was carried out based on bridge engineering and structural mechanics, and the mechanical properties of different cement grades, water-cement ratio and ash-sand ratio were analyzed. The change law of the strength of cement mortar in the early stage is faster than that in the later stage. The change law of the compressive strength of different types of interface agents with different ages was obtained, the prediction model of the relationship between different ages and strength of cement mortar was constructed, and the optimal mechanical properties of SS-III were proposed from the perspective of the bending-compression ratio. The relationship between different interface agents and the tensile strength of adhesion splitting was tested and analyzed by developing the test device of adhesion splitting tensile strength. The bonding performance of SS-III was determined to be the best interface bonding agent for assembled bridges from the perspective of the bending ratio and bonding properties. cement mortar as the interface agent for assembled bridges is more reasonable, which provides a new research idea for the safety and reliability analysis of the interface connection of assembled bridges.

, correspAuthors=Rui TAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jian-gang QIAO, En-qian HU, Rui TAO, Hai-yang YANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1217472622284161584, articleId=1217472618723197418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=基于装配式桥梁界面黏结层的力学性能分析, columnId=1156262730664366426, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·交通运输, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

装配式桥梁具有施工简便、环境污染小特点,越来越受到交通建设的重视,为了保证装配式桥梁结构连接的安全性和可靠性,以桥梁工程、结构力学为基础,对不同种类的界面剂进行强度试验设计,分析不同水泥标号、水灰比、灰砂比的力学性能,得到不同种类的界面剂与不同龄期下抗折强度变化规律,明确了水泥砂浆前期强度较后期增长更快;得到不同种类的界面剂与不同龄期下抗压强度变化规律,构建了水泥砂浆不同龄期与强度的关系预估模型,从折压比角度提出SS-Ⅲ的力学性能最优;通过开发黏结劈裂抗拉强度试验装置,试验并分析不同界面剂与黏结劈裂抗拉强度的关系,得到相同水泥标号条件下,水泥砂浆的黏结性能要优于水泥净浆,不同水泥标号条件下,高标号水泥黏结性能更优,确定了SS-Ⅲ为装配式桥梁界面黏结剂其黏结性能最优,最后从黏结层的折压比、黏结性两个维度提出了SS-Ⅲ即P.O52.5水泥、水灰比为0.4、灰砂比为2.4的水泥砂浆作为装配式桥梁界面剂较为合理,为装配式桥梁界面连接的安全性和可靠性分析提供了一种新的研究思路。

, correspAuthors=陶瑞, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 陶瑞(1995—),女,汉族,吉林长春人,博士研究生。研究方向:智慧交通。E-mail:
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乔建刚(1963—),男,汉族,山西太谷人,博士,教授。研究方向:道路交通安全。E-mail:

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乔建刚(1963—),男,汉族,山西太谷人,博士,教授。研究方向:道路交通安全。E-mail:

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figureFileBig=P4aQEchB92J5IggMMEnvow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218525106477908278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217472618723197418, language=CN, label=图10, caption=不同种类水泥砂浆与黏结劈裂抗拉强度的关系, figureFileSmall=wOHajrOF5TDXI5oz1fjNcg==, figureFileBig=P4aQEchB92J5IggMMEnvow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218525106591154498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217472618723197418, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Relationship between different interfacial agents and bond splitting tensile strengyh, figureFileSmall=8Iaiw5Y9Nt83D3AGkhS6EQ==, figureFileBig=O5bZyon2kne+gB69lE2nfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218525106700206414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217472618723197418, language=CN, label=图11, caption=不同界面剂与黏结劈裂抗拉强度的关系, figureFileSmall=8Iaiw5Y9Nt83D3AGkhS6EQ==, figureFileBig=O5bZyon2kne+gB69lE2nfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218525106809258330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217472618723197418, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Test factor level table

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平 因素
界面剂
类型
水泥
标号
水泥净浆
水灰比
水泥砂浆
水灰比
水平一 水泥净浆 P.O42.5 0.30 0.40
水平二 水泥砂浆 P.O52.5 0.35 0.45
), ArticleFig(id=1218525106943476072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217472618723197418, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

试验因素水平表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平 因素
界面剂
类型
水泥
标号
水泥净浆
水灰比
水泥砂浆
水灰比
水平一 水泥净浆 P.O42.5 0.30 0.40
水平二 水泥砂浆 P.O52.5 0.35 0.45
), ArticleFig(id=1218525107052527990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217472618723197418, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Test condition design

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验编号 界面剂种类 水泥标号 水灰比 灰砂比
SJ-A 水泥净浆 P.O42.5
P.O42.5
P.O42.5
P.O42.5
0.30
SJ-B 水泥净浆 0.35
SS-C 水泥砂浆 0.40 2.4
SS-D 水泥砂浆 0.45 2.7
SJ-Ⅰ 水泥净浆 P.O52.5
P.O52.5
P.O52.5
P.O52.5
0.30
SJ-Ⅱ 水泥净浆 0.35
SS-Ⅲ 水泥砂浆 0.40 2.4
SS-Ⅳ 水泥砂浆 0.45 2.7
), ArticleFig(id=1218525107211911556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217472618723197418, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

试验工况设计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验编号 界面剂种类 水泥标号 水灰比 灰砂比
SJ-A 水泥净浆 P.O42.5
P.O42.5
P.O42.5
P.O42.5
0.30
SJ-B 水泥净浆 0.35
SS-C 水泥砂浆 0.40 2.4
SS-D 水泥砂浆 0.45 2.7
SJ-Ⅰ 水泥净浆 P.O52.5
P.O52.5
P.O52.5
P.O52.5
0.30
SJ-Ⅱ 水泥净浆 0.35
SS-Ⅲ 水泥砂浆 0.40 2.4
SS-Ⅳ 水泥砂浆 0.45 2.7
), ArticleFig(id=1218525107308380564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217472618723197418, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Test strength result

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验编号 抗折强度/MPa 抗压强度度/MPa
1 d 3 d 28 d 1 d 3 d 28 d
SJ-A 1.9 4.0 7.0 8.5 18.8 49.6
SJ-B 1.3 3.8 6.7 7.7 18.1 47.0
SS-C 12.2 14.0 15.3 37.9 45.9 63.6
SS-D 10.0 12.5 14.5 33.1 43.8 60.2
SJ-Ⅰ 2.8 4.9 9.3 13.6 26.5 54.7
SJ-Ⅱ 2.1 4.3 8.5 11.0 23.0 52.5
SS-Ⅲ 12.3 14.5 16.7 37.0 44.6 69.1
SS-Ⅳ 10.2 12.7 15.0 32.5 42.7 62.9
), ArticleFig(id=1218525107409043872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217472618723197418, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

强度试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验编号 抗折强度/MPa 抗压强度度/MPa
1 d 3 d 28 d 1 d 3 d 28 d
SJ-A 1.9 4.0 7.0 8.5 18.8 49.6
SJ-B 1.3 3.8 6.7 7.7 18.1 47.0
SS-C 12.2 14.0 15.3 37.9 45.9 63.6
SS-D 10.0 12.5 14.5 33.1 43.8 60.2
SJ-Ⅰ 2.8 4.9 9.3 13.6 26.5 54.7
SJ-Ⅱ 2.1 4.3 8.5 11.0 23.0 52.5
SS-Ⅲ 12.3 14.5 16.7 37.0 44.6 69.1
SS-Ⅳ 10.2 12.7 15.0 32.5 42.7 62.9
), ArticleFig(id=1218525107534873013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217472618723197418, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Relationship model between different ages and compressive strength

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验编号 拟合公式 R2 显著性
SS-C y=38.347x0.152 0.998 5 显著
SS-D y=34.747x0.167 0.980 9 显著
SS-Ⅲ y=36.588x0.190 0.999 2 显著
SS-Ⅳ y=33.595x0.190 0.993 7 显著
), ArticleFig(id=1218525107698450883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217472618723197418, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同龄期与抗压强度的关系模型

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验编号 拟合公式 R2 显著性
SS-C y=38.347x0.152 0.998 5 显著
SS-D y=34.747x0.167 0.980 9 显著
SS-Ⅲ y=36.588x0.190 0.999 2 显著
SS-Ⅳ y=33.595x0.190 0.993 7 显著
), ArticleFig(id=1218525107836862926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217472618723197418, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Results of model validation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验编号 抗压强度/MPa 误差/%
SS-C 60.1 0.1
SS-D 59.9 0.1
SS-Ⅲ 60.3 0.5
SS-Ⅳ 59.7 0.5
), ArticleFig(id=1218525107945914845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217472618723197418, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

模型验证的结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验编号 抗压强度/MPa 误差/%
SS-C 60.1 0.1
SS-D 59.9 0.1
SS-Ⅲ 60.3 0.5
SS-Ⅳ 59.7 0.5
), ArticleFig(id=1218525108063355369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217472618723197418, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Measuring result

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验编号 密度/(g·cm-3) 界面剂剂量/g
SJ-A 2.058 926.10
SJ-B 2.000 900.00
SS-C 2.259 1 016.55
SS-D 2.242 1 008.90
SJ-Ⅰ 2.001 900.45
SJ-Ⅱ 1.980 891.00
SS-Ⅲ 2.254 1 014.30
SS-Ⅳ 2.242 1 008.90
), ArticleFig(id=1218525108184990197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217472618723197418, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

测量结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验编号 密度/(g·cm-3) 界面剂剂量/g
SJ-A 2.058 926.10
SJ-B 2.000 900.00
SS-C 2.259 1 016.55
SS-D 2.242 1 008.90
SJ-Ⅰ 2.001 900.45
SJ-Ⅱ 1.980 891.00
SS-Ⅲ 2.254 1 014.30
SS-Ⅳ 2.242 1 008.90
), ArticleFig(id=1218525108335985157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217472618723197418, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Bond splitting tensile test results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验编号 最大力值/
kN
劈裂抗拉强度/
MPa
平均值/
MPa
SJ-A 63.36 1.79 1.64
54.65 1.55
55.52 1.57
SJ-B 62.22 1.75 1.69
58.05 1.64
59.34 1.68
SS-C 85.32 2.42 2.64
95.02 2.69
99.42 2.82
SS-D 87.24 2.47 2.50
92.54 2.62
84.62 2.40
SJ-Ⅰ 60.05 1.70 1.68
59.69 1.69
58.28 1.65
SJ-Ⅱ 61.85 1.75 1.80
63.37 1.79
65.79 1.86
SS-Ⅲ 101.21 2.87 2.75
91.19 2.58
98.84 2.80
SS-Ⅳ 94.22 2.67 2.59
91.13 2.58
89.01 2.52
), ArticleFig(id=1218525108461814290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1217472618723197418, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

黏结劈裂抗拉试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验编号 最大力值/
kN
劈裂抗拉强度/
MPa
平均值/
MPa
SJ-A 63.36 1.79 1.64
54.65 1.55
55.52 1.57
SJ-B 62.22 1.75 1.69
58.05 1.64
59.34 1.68
SS-C 85.32 2.42 2.64
95.02 2.69
99.42 2.82
SS-D 87.24 2.47 2.50
92.54 2.62
84.62 2.40
SJ-Ⅰ 60.05 1.70 1.68
59.69 1.69
58.28 1.65
SJ-Ⅱ 61.85 1.75 1.80
63.37 1.79
65.79 1.86
SS-Ⅲ 101.21 2.87 2.75
91.19 2.58
98.84 2.80
SS-Ⅳ 94.22 2.67 2.59
91.13 2.58
89.01 2.52
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基于装配式桥梁界面黏结层的力学性能分析
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乔建刚 , 胡恩乾 , 陶瑞 * , 杨海洋
科学技术与工程 | 论文·交通运输 2025,25(10): 4326-4333
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·交通运输 2025, 25(10): 4326-4333
基于装配式桥梁界面黏结层的力学性能分析
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乔建刚 , 胡恩乾, 陶瑞* , 杨海洋
作者信息
  • 河北工业大学土木与交通学院, 天津 300401
  • 乔建刚(1963—),男,汉族,山西太谷人,博士,教授。研究方向:道路交通安全。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 陶瑞(1995—),女,汉族,吉林长春人,博士研究生。研究方向:智慧交通。E-mail:
Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Interface Bonding Layer Based on Assembled Bridges
Jian-gang QIAO , En-qian HU, Rui TAO* , Hai-yang YANG
Affiliations
  • School of Civil Engineering and Transprotation, Hebei University of Technoloy, Tianjin 300401, China
出版时间: 2025-04-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403384
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装配式桥梁具有施工简便、环境污染小特点,越来越受到交通建设的重视,为了保证装配式桥梁结构连接的安全性和可靠性,以桥梁工程、结构力学为基础,对不同种类的界面剂进行强度试验设计,分析不同水泥标号、水灰比、灰砂比的力学性能,得到不同种类的界面剂与不同龄期下抗折强度变化规律,明确了水泥砂浆前期强度较后期增长更快;得到不同种类的界面剂与不同龄期下抗压强度变化规律,构建了水泥砂浆不同龄期与强度的关系预估模型,从折压比角度提出SS-Ⅲ的力学性能最优;通过开发黏结劈裂抗拉强度试验装置,试验并分析不同界面剂与黏结劈裂抗拉强度的关系,得到相同水泥标号条件下,水泥砂浆的黏结性能要优于水泥净浆,不同水泥标号条件下,高标号水泥黏结性能更优,确定了SS-Ⅲ为装配式桥梁界面黏结剂其黏结性能最优,最后从黏结层的折压比、黏结性两个维度提出了SS-Ⅲ即P.O52.5水泥、水灰比为0.4、灰砂比为2.4的水泥砂浆作为装配式桥梁界面剂较为合理,为装配式桥梁界面连接的安全性和可靠性分析提供了一种新的研究思路。

装配式桥梁  /  界面剂  /  力学性能  /  折压比  /  黏结性能

In order to ensure the safety and reliability of the structural connection of assembled bridges, the strength test design of different types of interface agents was carried out based on bridge engineering and structural mechanics, and the mechanical properties of different cement grades, water-cement ratio and ash-sand ratio were analyzed. The change law of the strength of cement mortar in the early stage is faster than that in the later stage. The change law of the compressive strength of different types of interface agents with different ages was obtained, the prediction model of the relationship between different ages and strength of cement mortar was constructed, and the optimal mechanical properties of SS-III were proposed from the perspective of the bending-compression ratio. The relationship between different interface agents and the tensile strength of adhesion splitting was tested and analyzed by developing the test device of adhesion splitting tensile strength. The bonding performance of SS-III was determined to be the best interface bonding agent for assembled bridges from the perspective of the bending ratio and bonding properties. cement mortar as the interface agent for assembled bridges is more reasonable, which provides a new research idea for the safety and reliability analysis of the interface connection of assembled bridges.

assembled bridges  /  interface agent  /  mechanical properties  /  compression ratio  /  adhesive properties
乔建刚, 胡恩乾, 陶瑞, 杨海洋. 基于装配式桥梁界面黏结层的力学性能分析. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (10) : 4326 -4333 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403384
Jian-gang QIAO, En-qian HU, Rui TAO, Hai-yang YANG. Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Interface Bonding Layer Based on Assembled Bridges[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (10) : 4326 -4333 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403384
近年来随着中国公路发展由平原逐步转向山区,在山区道路建设中桥隧比逐渐增加。中国桥梁建设中桥墩施工多采用现浇施工工艺,这种方法现场湿法作业多、施工周期长、影响周围环境[1]。因此预制装配技术成为现在的一种趋势,它提升机械化施工水平、降低劳动强度、有利于保护环境[2-3]。相较于桥梁上部结构,下部结构预制拼装技术的发展相对滞后[4]
桥墩与承台、盖梁的连接处是装配式桥梁结构受力的薄弱部位,在多种因素的共同作用下易造成结构性破坏,连接处的稳定性决定了结构的整体安全性和可靠性。因此,中外学者针对混凝土界面材料展开了一系列研究。Zhang等[5]通过1∶3比例的准静态试验对嵌入式钢管混凝土(concrete-filled steel tube,CFST)预制柱-盖梁承插连接的抗震性能进行研究,预制柱和盖梁采用超高性能混凝土(ultra-high performance concrete,UHPC)灌浆整合,以改善界面黏结行为和横向约束。赵同峰等[6]进行混凝土界面剂配合比及劈拉试验,研究发现普硅-硫铝-石膏三元体系可以获得较高的强度,水灰比越大,界面剂力学性能越差。连德攀等[7]研究材料特征对新浇筑-基体混凝土界面黏结性能得影响,发现在新浇筑混凝土中加入刚纤维和聚合物乳液有助于改善界面黏结性能。乔建刚等[8]研究了不用界面剂对湿接缝混凝土黏结性能影响,结果发现环氧树脂界面剂和掺8%硅灰水泥净浆界面剂对湿接缝黏结性能提升效果较为明显。乔连朋等[9]对不同界面剂对黏结抗冻性能及抗水渗透性能的影响变化规律和机理进行分析,研究发现涂刷新型改性环氧界面剂的新老混凝土黏结试件的抗冻性能和抗水渗透性能均优于水泥净浆。李建伟等[10]对中国目前建筑工程中使用的界面剂进行分类,对应用于不同基面、不同类型的界面剂应如何选择进行了系统的总结和阐述。王丹薇[11]通过室内实验发现,使用界面剂有利于提升新老混凝土界面承载力。李逢林等[12]指出新老混凝土结合面是整体受力的关键。李权恒[13]指出新老混凝土结合面是受力薄弱区域,而适当的使用界面剂可以有效改善新老混凝土结合面强度。目前中外学者主要针对新老混凝土界面剂类型、黏结机理、性能等进行了研究,并取得了相应的研究成果,对于“老-老”混凝土界面的连接相关研究还较少,并且对“老-老”混凝土的界面剂种类以及用量罕有研究。
因此,现通过设计不同种类的界面剂,进行抗折试验、抗压试验、黏结劈裂抗拉试验综合分析不同界面剂的力学性能,优选出合理的界面材料;现有研究对界面剂的黏结厚度及用量提及较为模糊,本次试验通过限位装置确定界面剂的黏结厚度,并采用体积密度法确定界面剂剂量。
装配式桥梁拼接过程中,桥墩与承台、盖梁界面之间需要合理的界面剂进行连接。根据JTG 3420—2020 《公路工程水泥及水泥混凝土试验规程》(以下简称规程)并结合依托工程选取材料。试验用水为普通自来水;水泥采用河北省涞水金隅冀东环保科技有限公司生产的标号42.5和52.5的普通硅酸盐水泥,各指标均符合GB 175—2007 《通用硅酸盐水泥》要求,可用于试验研究;试验用砂为中国ISO标准砂符合标准GB/T 17671—1999《水泥胶砂强度试验》;混凝土黏结试件选用尺寸为150 mm×150 mm×150 mm的立方体。
选取界面剂的水泥标号、水灰比为自变量进行试验工况设计。结合预试验以及黏结强度要求,采用水灰比为0.3和0.35的水泥净浆,水灰比为0.4和0.45的水泥砂浆作为界面剂进行界面连接;依托实际工程黏结厚度设定为20 mm。试验因素水平如表1所示,具体工况设计如表2所示。
界面剂的抗折、抗压强度试验根据规程中水泥胶砂强度试验方法进行。参看装配式桥梁墩底垫层砂浆性能提升技术[14],每个配合比试件养护设定3个龄期即1、3、28 d,每组3个试件。试件养护至相应龄期进行强度试验。强度试验结果如表3所示。
根据工程实际要求,界面剂为水泥净浆时,前期的强度不能过低,28 d的抗折强度不应小于10 MPa,抗压强度不应小于60 MPa;界面剂为水泥砂浆时,T/CECS 728—2020 《装配式城市桥梁工程技术规程》要求水泥砂浆的28 d抗压强度不应小于60 MPa,1 d抗压强度不应小于30 MPa。
表3可知,不同界面剂的强度随着龄期的增长不断增长。从强度试验结果分析,水泥净浆的强度不符合强度指标要求,对于水泥砂浆,强度满足指标要求。因此对水泥净浆的力学性能分析不予考虑,只针对水泥砂浆的力学性能从不同水泥标号、水灰比进行分析。
不同种类水泥砂浆抗折强度试验结果如图1所示,强度随龄期变化率如图2所示。
图1得出,不同龄期的抗折强度大小关系均为:SS-Ⅲ>SS-C>SS-Ⅳ>SS-D。其中SS-Ⅲ组的28 d强度值可达16.7 MPa,较SS-C、SS-D、SS-Ⅳ分别高了9.2%、15.2%、11.3%;不同水泥标号、相同水灰比条件下,SS-Ⅲ组的强度值较SS-C分别高了0.8%、3.5%、9.2%,SS-D组的强度值较SS-Ⅳ分别低了2%、1.6%、3.4%,说明水泥砂浆的抗折强度随水泥标号的增大而增大,水泥标号增加,其细度增加,水泥水化后与砂形成的胶凝材料具备更强的黏结能力;相同水泥标号、不同水灰比条件下,SS-Ⅲ组的强度值较SS-Ⅳ分别高了20.6%、14.2%、11.3%,SS-D组的强度值较SS-C分别低了22%、12%、5.5%,说明水泥砂浆的抗折强度随着水灰比的降低强度而提升,水泥水化需要适量的水。
图2得出,不同种类砂浆抗折强度随着龄期增长不断增长。对于SS-C、SS-D、SS-Ⅲ、SS-Ⅳ组,相较于1 d龄期,龄期为3 d时,抗折强度增长率分别为7.4%、12.5%、8.95%、12.25%;相较于3 d龄期,龄期为28 d时,抗折强度增长率分别为0.4%、0.8%、0.72%、0.9%。说明不同类型水泥砂浆前期强度较后期增长更快,前期水泥水化迅速,满足前期强度的要求,后期水化基本完成。
不同种类水泥砂浆抗压试验结果如图3所示,强度随龄期变化率如图4所示。
图3得出,龄期为1、3 d时,不同种类砂浆的抗压强度的大小关系均为:SS-C>SS-Ⅲ>SS-D>SS-Ⅳ,不同水泥标号、相同水灰比条件下,SS-Ⅲ组的强度值较SS-C分别低了2.4%、2.9%,SS-Ⅳ组的强度值较SS-D分别低了1.8%、2.8%;龄期为28 d时,不同水泥砂浆的抗压强度大小关系为:SS-Ⅲ>SS-C>SS-Ⅳ>SS-D,其中SS-Ⅲ组的强度值最高,值为69.1 MPa,较SS-C、SS-D、SS-Ⅳ分别高了8.6%、14.8%、9.9%,不同水泥标号、相同水灰比条件下,SS-Ⅲ组的强度值较SS-C高了8.6%,SS-Ⅳ组的强度值较SS-D高了4.5%,说明52.5标号水泥前期水化与砂产生的胶凝材料少,黏结力较小,后期水泥水化程度更为充分,与砂产生的胶凝材料更多,强度随着大幅度提高。相同水泥标号、不同水灰比条件下,SS-Ⅲ组的28 d强度值较SS-Ⅳ提高了9.9%,SS-C组的28d强度值较SS-D提高了5.6%,说明随着水灰比增大,强度减小。不同种类砂浆的1 d和28 d强度值都满足指标要求。
图4得出,不同龄期抗压强度随着龄期的增长逐渐增长。对于SS-C、SS-D、SS-Ⅲ、SS-Ⅳ组,相较于1 d龄期,龄期为3 d时,抗压强度增长率分别为10.55%、16.15%、10.25%、15.7%;相较于3 d龄期,龄期为28 d时,抗压强度增长率分别为1.87%、1.94%、2.65%、2.48%。不同种类砂浆抗压强度前期增长更快,说明前期水泥水化与砂形成多的胶凝材料,后期强度增长变缓,说明后期水化反应基本完成。
为得到不同种类水泥砂浆抗压抗压强度达到60 MPa所对应的龄期,对龄期x和抗压强度值y的关系进行拟合,如图5所示。不同种类水泥砂浆强度曲线拟合公式如表4所示。
基于本次试验,通过F检验得到相关性系数,显著相关,可得水泥砂浆不同龄期与强度的关系预估模型为
y=axb, 0<x≤28
式(1)中:x为龄期,d;y为抗压强度,MPa;ab为常数,33.595≤a≤38.347,0.152≤b≤0.19。
由模型中得到,SS-C、SS-D、SS-Ⅲ、SS-Ⅳ的抗压强度为60 MPa时,分别对应的龄期为19、26、14、21 d。通过试验验证模型的准确性,试验结果如表5所示。
表5得出,不同种类水泥砂浆在达到相对应龄期测出的试验结果与模型计算出的结果误差很小,说明模型建立准确。
由强度结果计算得到折压比,不同水泥砂浆折压比随龄期的关系如图6所示,折压比随龄期变化率如图7所示。
图6得出,龄期为1、3 d时,不同水泥砂浆的折压比大小关系为:SS-Ⅲ>SS-C>SS-Ⅳ>SS-D,不同水泥标号、相同水灰比条件下,SS-Ⅲ组的折压比较SS-C高出了3.1%、6.6%,SS-Ⅳ组的折压比较SS-D高出了4.0%、4.2%,说明随着水泥高标号的增加,水泥砂浆的柔性更好,反映出抗裂性能优良;相同水泥标号、不同水灰比条件下,SS-Ⅲ组的折压比较SS-Ⅳ提高了5.7%、9.4%,SS-C组的折压比较SS-D提高了6.6%、7%,说明随着水灰比的降低折压比随着增大,水灰比越大,水泥砂浆的强度更低,柔性更差。龄期为28 d时,不同种类水泥砂浆的折压比几乎趋于稳定,说明后期强度值增长缓慢,水泥水化程度基本完成,其中SS-Ⅲ组的折压比值最大为0.242,说明柔性更好,表现为力学性能更优。
图7中得出,不同水泥砂浆的折压比随着龄期的增长逐渐衰减。对于SS-C、SS-D、SS-Ⅲ、SS-Ⅳ组,相较于1 d龄期,龄期为3 d时,折压比衰减率分别为-2.65%、-2.8%、-1.05%、-2.7%;相较于3 d龄期,龄期为28 d时,折压比衰减率分别为-0.81%、-0.58%、-1%、-0.75%。前期斜率更大,折压比下降快,说明水泥砂浆的抗压强度增长变快,表现为柔性变差,后期斜率变缓,反映水泥水化基本完成,强度增长缓慢。
从不同水泥标号、不同水灰比综合分析不同种类水泥砂浆的抗折强度、抗压强度及折压比,得到SS-Ⅲ组的强度值最大,说明力学性能最优;对试验结果进行拟合,得到不同种类水泥砂浆抗压强度与龄期的关系预估模型,通过试验验证模型建立合理。
桥墩及盖梁通过工厂预制运输到现场安装,连接处采用界面剂进行连接[15],老混凝土是指养护龄期超过28 d的混凝土。试验模拟拼接过程,采用“老-老”混凝土中间通过界面剂进行黏接。根据规程制作黏结试件,养护至28 d进行劈拉强度试验。
为确定试件黏结时界面剂的用量,采用体积密度法来测定界面剂的密度,经过体积换算成剂量。测量结果如表6所示。
试验为确定黏结的厚度,设计一个限位装置如图8所示。将劈裂后的两个半块混凝土试块放置150 mm×150 mm×550 mm的试模中,按照设计要求调整好尺寸即为界面剂黏结的厚度,用40 mm×40 mm×160 mm的钢模对其进行限位。
从破坏形态来看,黏结试件达到极限拉应力瞬间破坏,表现为界面处破碎或者出现若干条贯穿裂缝;从破坏位置来看,对于不同种类界面剂,试件的劈裂位置均产生在黏结面,说明没有粗骨料嵌入的黏结面是混凝土界面连接处受拉状态下的薄弱部位。
黏结劈裂抗拉强度按式(2)计算,试验结果如表7图9~图11所示。
fb= 2 F π A=0.637 F A
式(2)中:fb为劈拉强度,MPa;F为破坏荷载,N;A为试件劈裂面面积,mm2
图9得出,不同水泥净浆的黏结强度大小关系为SJ-Ⅱ>SJ-B>SJ-Ⅰ>SJ-A,其中SJ-Ⅱ组的黏结强度最大,值为1.8 MPa,较SJ-Ⅰ、SJ-A、SJ-B分别高出了7.1%、9.8%、6.5%。不同水泥标号、相同水灰比条件下,随着水泥标号增大,黏结强度随着提高,SJ-Ⅰ、SJ-Ⅱ组的黏结强度分别较SJ-A、SJ-B高了2.4%、6.5%,说明水泥标号越大,细度较细,与水接触面积更大,反应时更加充分,产生的水泥浆体黏结效果较好;相同水泥标号、不同水灰比条件下,SJ-Ⅱ组的黏结强度较SJ-Ⅰ提高了7.1%,SJ-B组的黏结强度较SJ-A提高了3%,说明随着水灰比的增大,水泥净浆的黏结强度随着增加,表现为黏结性能更好。
图10可得,不同水泥砂浆的黏结强度大小关系为SS-Ⅲ>SS-C>SS-Ⅳ>SS-D,其中SS-Ⅲ组的黏结强度最高,为2.75 MPa,表现为黏结性能最优,较SS-Ⅳ、SS-C、SS-D分别高了6.2%、4.2%、10%。不同水泥标号、相同水灰比条件下,SS-Ⅲ、SS-Ⅳ组的黏结强度分别较SS-C、SS-D高了4.2%、3.6%,说明水泥标号越大,细度较细,水泥比表面积小,有利于水泥水化反应完全,与砂形成的胶凝材料具备更好的黏结性;相同水泥标号、不同水灰比条件下,SS-Ⅳ组的黏结强度较SS-Ⅲ降低了6.2%,SS-D组的黏结强度较SS-C降低了5.6%,说明随着水灰比的减小,水泥砂浆的黏结强度随着增大,水泥水化与砂形成黏结能力更强的胶凝材料。
图11得出,不同水泥标号条件下,水泥砂浆的黏结强度较水泥净浆高。因为水泥水化后的水泥浆体会具备一定的黏结强度,而水泥与砂结合产生的胶凝材料具有更高的黏结能力,从黏结性能方面,界面剂材料不宜采用水泥净浆。当界面剂为水泥净浆时,不同水泥标号,随着水灰比的增大,黏结强度随着增强,当界面剂为水泥砂浆时,则相反;不同种类的界面剂中,SS-Ⅲ组的黏结强度最大,值为2.75 MPa,表现为黏结性能最优。参考已有研究[5,8-10]及工程实际要求,对于水泥净浆黏结强度一般达到1.5 MPa,水泥砂浆黏结强度一般达到2.5 MPa,因此设计的界面剂均满足经验值要求。综合分析,选用SS-Ⅲ作为合理的界面剂材料。
通过试验设计采用不同水泥标号、不同水灰比配制界面剂进行界面处的连接,综合分析力学性能。得到以下结论。
(1)通过强度试验结果可以得出,不同种类界面剂的强度随着龄期的增长不断提高,折压比随着龄期的增长逐渐降低。龄期为28 d时,SS-Ⅲ组的水泥砂浆强度值最高,表现为力学性能最优;不同种类水泥砂浆的折压比趋于稳定,其中SS-Ⅲ组的折压比最大为0.242,表现为柔性最好。
(2)对抗压强度与龄期进行拟合,得到关系预估模型,并通过试验验证模型的准确性,试验结果与模型计算结果相差很小,模型建立合理。
(3)为确定界面剂的黏结厚度及剂量,通过设计限位装置确定厚度,采用体积密度法测量密度并经体积换算成剂量。
(4)对于“老-老”混凝土界面的连接,从黏结性能方面,水泥砂浆的黏结性较水泥净浆的强,不易将水泥净浆作为界面剂材料。界面剂为水泥砂浆时,相同水泥标号条件下,随着水灰比的增大,黏结强度随着减小;相同水灰比条件下,高标号水泥砂浆的黏结强度更高。其中SS-Ⅲ组的黏结强度最高为2.75 MPa,表现为黏结性能最优。综合分析选用SS-Ⅲ作为合理的界面剂材料,为装配式桥梁界面连接的安全性和可靠性分析提供了一种新的研究思路。
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(52278342)
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2025年第25卷第10期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403384
  • 接收时间:2024-05-08
  • 首发时间:2026-01-12
  • 出版时间:2025-04-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-08
  • 修回日期:2025-01-03
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国家自然科学基金面上项目(52278342)
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    河北工业大学土木与交通学院, 天津 300401

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* 陶瑞(1995—),女,汉族,吉林长春人,博士研究生。研究方向:智慧交通。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
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genus
种数
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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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