Article(id=1209819470185501684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1209811339510411616, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406559, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1725206400000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-02, revisedDate=1734883200000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-23, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766373039051, onlineDateStr=2025-12-22, pubDate=1751904000000, pubDateStr=2025-07-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766373039051, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766373039051, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766373039051, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1209811339510411616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='19', pageStart='7885', pageEnd='8315', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766371100547, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766373228996, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1209820266960654935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1209811339510411616, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1209820266960654936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1209811339510411616, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=8233, endPage=8240, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1209819471548650486, articleId=1209819470185501684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Seepage-deformation Mechanism of Water-rich Jointed Soft Rock Tunnel, columnId=1209816723440668890, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers∙Traffics and Transportations, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

With respect to the surrounding rock collapse and water gushing in the water-rich fault, a high-speed railway tunnel in Yunnan was taken as the engineering background. The fluid-solid coupling numerical calculation of tunnel construction with the three-step method was carried out, and the deformation mechanism and groundwater seepage law of surrounding rock through water-rich fault were researched combined with the deformation field monitoring results. The results show that when the tunnel face is excavated to the water-rich fault, the rock and soil in the upper wall of the reverse fault will collapse downward, and the settlement of the arch roof will increase sharply. At the fault, the rock and soil mass of the middle and lower excavation parts cannot provide stable support for the surrounding rock, so the tunnel clearance increases first and then decreases. The groundwater mainly percolates along the step surface and the palm surface, and there is still a large pore pressure above the tunnel, so the drainage pipe can be added to lead the water into the side ditch.

, correspAuthors=Hong-jie LAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ting-xi DUAN, Hong-jie LAN, Hui-meng HE, Hui RONG, Hua-yu GUO, Liang TANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1209819473863905340, articleId=1209819470185501684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=富水节理化软岩隧道渗流与变形机制, columnId=1209816723637801186, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文∙交通运输, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对隧道穿越富水断层破碎带围岩塌方和涌水难题,以云南渝昆高速铁路隧道为工程背景,开展隧道三台阶法施工流固耦合数值分析,结合现场围岩变形监测结果,研究穿越富水断层破碎带隧道围岩变形机制与地下水渗流规律。研究结果表明,隧道掌子面开挖至富水断层时,逆断层上盘岩土体向下塌陷,拱顶沉降急剧增大。在断层处,中、下台阶的岩土体无法为围岩提供稳定支撑,隧道净空先增大后减小。地下水主要沿着台阶面和掌子面渗流,隧道上方仍存在较大孔压,可增加排水管将水引入边沟。

, correspAuthors=兰弘杰, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*兰弘杰(1993—),男,汉族,山西忻州人,高级工程师。研究方向:隧道工程、地下工程等。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=JYLa0yjAS7QPi8f0lRR3sA==, magXml=EyPWQ3LKAEIV1DqJn86pUA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=y3LzPYUurkjhmW+e5lCZIg==, pdfFileSize=13271968, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=A0m9Eig11pT7DLpYj98Wiw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=rm+iYAzFDEjc8mQXQh2szA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

段廷玺(1983—),男,汉族,甘肃靖远人,高级工程师。研究方向:土木工程等。E-mail:

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段廷玺(1983—),男,汉族,甘肃靖远人,高级工程师。研究方向:土木工程等。E-mail:

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段廷玺(1983—),男,汉族,甘肃靖远人,高级工程师。研究方向:土木工程等。E-mail:

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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209929305962967254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209819470185501684, language=CN, label=图12, caption=隧道围岩变形, figureFileSmall=X2FcPJ1CccN1htgpLLIMQA==, figureFileBig=r629uQHEgO86Ue+E4NzrUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209929306038464729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209819470185501684, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Physical and mechanical parameters of surrounding rock and supporting structure

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 密度/
(kg·m-3)
弹性模
量/MPa
泊松比 黏聚力/
MPa
摩擦角/
(°)
玄武岩 2 200 2 850 0.33 0.41 41.4
断层 1 800 1 670 0.36 0.21 30.6
注浆区 2 340 6 460 0.32 0.70 50
初衬 2 500 26 500 0.20
二衬 2 500 2 500 0.22
), ArticleFig(id=1209929306126545116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209819470185501684, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

围岩与支护结构物理力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 密度/
(kg·m-3)
弹性模
量/MPa
泊松比 黏聚力/
MPa
摩擦角/
(°)
玄武岩 2 200 2 850 0.33 0.41 41.4
断层 1 800 1 670 0.36 0.21 30.6
注浆区 2 340 6 460 0.32 0.70 50
初衬 2 500 26 500 0.20
二衬 2 500 2 500 0.22
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富水节理化软岩隧道渗流与变形机制
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段廷玺 1 , 兰弘杰 1, * , 何会盟 1 , 荣辉 1 , 郭华宇 1 , 唐亮 2
科学技术与工程 | 论文∙交通运输 2025,25(19): 8233-8240
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科学技术与工程 | 论文∙交通运输 2025, 25(19): 8233-8240
富水节理化软岩隧道渗流与变形机制
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段廷玺1 , 兰弘杰1, * , 何会盟1, 荣辉1, 郭华宇1, 唐亮2
作者信息
  • 1 中铁十二局集团有限公司, 太原 030024
  • 2 哈尔滨工业大学土木工程学院, 哈尔滨 150090
  • 段廷玺(1983—),男,汉族,甘肃靖远人,高级工程师。研究方向:土木工程等。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*兰弘杰(1993—),男,汉族,山西忻州人,高级工程师。研究方向:隧道工程、地下工程等。E-mail:
Seepage-deformation Mechanism of Water-rich Jointed Soft Rock Tunnel
Ting-xi DUAN1 , Hong-jie LAN1, * , Hui-meng HE1, Hui RONG1, Hua-yu GUO1, Liang TANG2
Affiliations
  • 1 China Railway 12th Bureau Group Co., Ltd., Taiyuan 030024, China
  • 2 School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
出版时间: 2025-07-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406559
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针对隧道穿越富水断层破碎带围岩塌方和涌水难题,以云南渝昆高速铁路隧道为工程背景,开展隧道三台阶法施工流固耦合数值分析,结合现场围岩变形监测结果,研究穿越富水断层破碎带隧道围岩变形机制与地下水渗流规律。研究结果表明,隧道掌子面开挖至富水断层时,逆断层上盘岩土体向下塌陷,拱顶沉降急剧增大。在断层处,中、下台阶的岩土体无法为围岩提供稳定支撑,隧道净空先增大后减小。地下水主要沿着台阶面和掌子面渗流,隧道上方仍存在较大孔压,可增加排水管将水引入边沟。

富水断层  /  流固耦合  /  现场监测  /  围岩变形  /  渗流

With respect to the surrounding rock collapse and water gushing in the water-rich fault, a high-speed railway tunnel in Yunnan was taken as the engineering background. The fluid-solid coupling numerical calculation of tunnel construction with the three-step method was carried out, and the deformation mechanism and groundwater seepage law of surrounding rock through water-rich fault were researched combined with the deformation field monitoring results. The results show that when the tunnel face is excavated to the water-rich fault, the rock and soil in the upper wall of the reverse fault will collapse downward, and the settlement of the arch roof will increase sharply. At the fault, the rock and soil mass of the middle and lower excavation parts cannot provide stable support for the surrounding rock, so the tunnel clearance increases first and then decreases. The groundwater mainly percolates along the step surface and the palm surface, and there is still a large pore pressure above the tunnel, so the drainage pipe can be added to lead the water into the side ditch.

water-rich fault  /  fluid-solid coupling  /  field monitoring  /  surrounding rock deformation  /  seepage
段廷玺, 兰弘杰, 何会盟, 荣辉, 郭华宇, 唐亮. 富水节理化软岩隧道渗流与变形机制. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (19) : 8233 -8240 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406559
Ting-xi DUAN, Hong-jie LAN, Hui-meng HE, Hui RONG, Hua-yu GUO, Liang TANG. Seepage-deformation Mechanism of Water-rich Jointed Soft Rock Tunnel[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (19) : 8233 -8240 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406559
随着“交通强国”和“西部大开发”的提出,基础设施建设的重点逐步向西部地质条件复杂的山区转移。铁路作为现代运输的主要方式之一,在复杂山区显得尤为重要。由于西部地区地质环境复杂,隧道的总长度往往占铁路总里程的50%~80%[1]。隧道在穿越断层破碎带[2-4]、岩溶[5]和软岩[6]等复杂地质环境时,易发生大变形[7]、塌方[8]和突水突泥[9-10]等灾害。为保障隧道施工安全,研究富水节理化软岩隧道施工围岩变形机理及其病害演化机制具有重要意义。
针对富水节理化软岩隧道围岩渗流规律、变形机制与失稳破坏模式,余庆锋等[11]建立了隧道突水力学模型和数值模型,阐述了隧道突水渗流路径和,明确了重点加固区域。李守刚[12]聚焦不同断面形式的深埋隧道破碎围岩变形规律,明晰了破碎围岩开挖过程中大变形和局部垮塌机制。张治国等[13]推导了地下水远场水头和补水断层水头综合作用下隧道衬砌、注浆圈和围岩的水头分布解析解,揭示了富水断层隧道地下水渗流规律,隧道结构上水头的分布主要与断层距和断层产状有关。Li等[14]对高节理密度深埋高地应力大断面洞室开挖过程中围岩力学行为进行研究,岩体破碎膨胀程度越高,支护难度越大,应及时支护和有效控制塑性区扩展。Jin等[15]对节理岩体隧道突水灾害进行了模拟,将节理岩体突水灾害过程划分为突变阶段、剧烈发展阶段和稳定阶段三个阶段,为节理岩体隧道突水的防治提供理论依据。Gao等[16]研究了阻水结构厚度、地层应力和渗流力对隧道突水灾害演化特征的影响,揭示了抗水岩层的破坏过程。成国文等[17]基于Goodman井流假设和镜像叠加原理,计算富水断层隧道开挖地下水头分布和涌水量解析解。左清军等[18]研究沪昆高铁油坊坪隧道跨越富水断层时的围岩失稳模式,表现出弯曲内鼓和顺层滑移相结合的协同破坏模式,提出“洞内+洞外”综合处治措施。李术才等[19]统计分析221例突水突泥案例,断层型突水突泥灾害约站29%,将突水突泥孕灾模式分为直接揭露型、渐进破坏型、渗透失稳型和间歇破坏型。针对隧道穿越富水断层的变形破坏机理,学者们提出了大量针对性的灾害防治措施。张金夫等[20]应对大理-瑞丽铁路穿越富水断层中的涌水突泥灾害,探索出高压动水分段引排、超高压聚合注浆施工技术。陶志刚等[21]开展青藏高原他白依隧道在未注浆、常规注浆和双梯度注浆下围岩承载力试验,确定双梯度注浆工艺和NPR(negative poisson ratio)锚索综合防治措施在富水断层带隧道围岩支护中的可靠性。
为进一步揭示穿越富水断层深埋隧道的围岩变形机理与失稳模型,以一穿越富水节理化软岩深埋隧道为背景,结合隧道围岩拱顶沉降和净空收敛数据,开展富水节理化软岩隧道施工围岩稳定性分析,研究富水断层带开挖过程中的地下水渗流规律、围岩变形机制与破坏模式,并对围岩超前支护和初期支护提出合理性建议。
云南渝昆高速铁路隧道为双线隧道,全长16.46 km,隧道最大埋深约432 m。隧道穿越云贵高原,地貌形态复杂,地形起伏大,坡度在15°~45°。隧道范围地层主要岩性为玄武岩、泥岩、砂岩和灰岩等,围岩等级为Ⅲ~Ⅴ级,共穿越17条断层。
DK578+396~DK578+428区段,隧道穿越FW13逆断层,产状为37° 80°,为经向构造体系干沟大断层的伴生断层,向东止于干沟断层,向西延申至团菁,上下盘均为玄武岩,如图1所示。断层破碎带内岩体受构造影响挤压强烈,呈破碎~极破碎角砾状,结构松散,围岩等级为Ⅴ级,掌子面围岩如图2所示。地下水位距离地表约15 m,地下水主要为基岩裂隙水和断层裂隙水,正常涌水量1 140 m3/d,最大涌水量为1 530 m3/d。隧道开挖易发生掉块、塌方和突水突泥。需加强超前地质预报,及时施工支护结构。
隧道穿越断层破碎带区段采用三台阶法向小里程方向开挖,必要时施工临时横撑,开挖跨度为14.96 m,开挖高度为12.64 m,断面面积为148.91 m2。掌子面超前支护采用ϕ76管棚注浆(隧道中心150°范围)。初期支护中,隧道拱腰和拱墙采用长度为4 m的锚杆支护,环向和纵向间距均为1 m;钢拱架为I22a型钢,间距0.6为 m;喷射C25混凝土,厚度为28 cm。隧道断面及支护参数如图3所示。
为监测各施工阶段围岩和支护结构受力与变形状况,确保施工安全,调整初期支护和确定仰拱、二次衬砌施工时间提供依据,施工期的隧道现场监测十分重要。针对隧道围岩拱顶沉降和净空收敛,三台阶法开挖过程中,拱顶布置一个沉降观测点,每台阶布置一条水平测线,纵向监测间距为5 m,测点布置如图4所示。DK578+425断面为隧道与FW13断层交界处,选取断面DK578+415、DK578+425、DK578+435三个断面的围岩变形数据进行分析,结果如图5所示。3个监测断面的拱顶沉降在前3 d的变形基本一致,约为12 mm。隧道继续向前开挖,断层上盘沿着结构面向下塌陷,DK578+425、DK578+435拱顶沉降突然增大至25 mm。围岩变形在第8天后逐渐趋于稳定,3个断面的拱顶沉降最终值分别为26.3、31.2、30.9 mm。测线SL1~SL2位于隧道肩部,水平净空收敛值最大,三个断面的收敛值分别为22.7、24.3、27.9 mm。测线SL5~SL6的收敛值大致呈线性增长,但增长速率较小,三个断面的收敛值约为5.5 mm。受开挖断层破碎带影响,监测断面DK578+435在拱肩和拱腰处的净空收敛值有突增现象,隧道施工过程中,应提高超前支护结构的强度和刚度,避免变形急剧增大,导致局部塌方。
为进一步揭示穿越富水断层破碎带隧道围岩变形失稳机制,建立穿越富水断层带隧道里程在DK578+385~DK578+485范围的流固耦合数值模型,如图6所示。模型尺寸为100 m×70 m×70 m(长×宽×高),模型宽度约为隧道直径的5倍,模型高度为隧道高度的5.5倍。玄武岩和断层破碎带的物理力学参数通过室内试验和工程经验确定,岩体采用理想弹塑性模型,遵循摩尔库伦屈服准则,衬砌采用弹性模型,具体参数见表1所列。管棚和锚杆分别采用梁单元、杆单元模拟,尺寸和实际工程一致,如图6所示。
根据单元应力与孔压的耦合计算方式不同,流固耦合计算分为仅流体计算、单向流固耦合和全耦合,此次采用全耦合进行计算,流体服从达西定律,渗流方程和土体渗流本构方程为
q i = - K i l k ( s ) ( p - ρ f x j g j ) / x j
α ε t = ξ t - 1 M p t
式中: q i为渗流速率;s为饱和度; K i l k ( s )分别为绝对渗透系数张量和相对渗透系数;p为孔隙水压力; ρ f为流体密度;xj为笛卡坐标分量; g j为重力加速度分量;M为比奥模量; α为比奥系数; ε为应力引发的体积应变;ξ为流体体积变化量;i=1,2,3;j=1,2,3;l=1,2,3。
隧道地层的地下水位接近于地表,数值模型中将水位设置在模型上表面。隧道上覆125 m岩体以荷载形式施加在模型上表面,大小为2.75 MPa。在模型四周和底部施加法向位移约束,并进行地应力平衡,计算结果如图7所示。
依据现场施工工序,数值计算中采用三台阶法按照上台阶、中台阶右侧、中台阶左侧、下台阶右侧、下台阶左侧和仰拱的顺序开挖,每一个开挖循环进尺1.6 m。提取掌子面DK578+415、DK578+425、DK578+435三个断面在隧道开挖过程中的围岩变形数据,如图8所示。数值计算中,重点分析断层破碎带处围岩变形机制,为简化计算,隧道超前支护、初衬和二衬均与富水断层破碎带处相同。因此,DK578+415断面的围岩变形结果比现场监测结果小,其他围岩变形数值计算结果与现场监测结果基本一致,验证了数值模型的可行性。
DK578+425和DK578+435断面位于富水断层破碎带,围岩竖向变形和水平收敛均大于DK578+415断面。监测断面围岩竖向变形如图9所示,拱顶形成明显的坍落拱,同时,隧道底部上拱。隧道开挖断面未通过监测断面时,监测点GD1受到施工轻微扰动,拱顶沉降约为2 mm。监测断面开挖后,拱顶迅速向下变形,沉降值约为17.5 mm。受断层破碎带的影响,DK578+435断面变形速率最大,并且受开挖扰动时间最长。随着掌子面向前推移,监测断面的沉降速率下降,三个断面的最终沉降值分别为20.19、22.20、25.76 mm。
当上台阶开挖时,SL1~SL2测线的收敛值为1~2 mm,小于总变形量的10%。当中台阶和下台阶开挖后,围岩水平变形迅速整长,并迅速趋于稳定,围岩变形量超过总变形的80%,围岩水平变形最大值出现在拱脚处,如图10所示。在上台阶开挖后,中、下台阶的土体上拱值为7.33 mm,测线的两个监测点向两侧变形,DK578+415断面的收敛值为负;在断层处,中、下台阶的土体上拱值为23.5 mm,无法为围岩提供稳定支撑,监测点向隧道内变形[图8(b)~图8(d)]。
隧道开挖数值计算过程中,每个分部开挖后,开展流固耦合计算,隧道孔压分布如图11所示。当隧道掌子面开挖至富水断层破碎带时(DK578+433),隧道开挖区域上方14 m和中间28 m范围内的水位下降显著,开挖边界处的孔压为0。地下水渗流过程中,由于隧道顶部施加了中管棚注浆,并及时施工初期支护,地下水主要沿着台阶面和掌子面渗流。穿越富水断层带时,应对掌子面进行超前注浆加固。当掌子面施工至DK578+481断面,隧道横向的泄压范围为32 m,但隧道上方泄压范围达到23 m。隧道掌子面开挖96 m时,隧道上方仍存在较大孔压,为减少衬砌结构受力,可增加排水管将水引入边沟。
隧道掌子面开挖至断层处时,在开挖卸荷和地下水渗流共同作用下,断层内的岩体沿着断层面向下滑动,与围岩拱顶沉降监测一致,如图12所示。当隧道穿越断层带后,断层区隧道上方的沉降和隧道底部的上拱值的变形均比两侧围岩大。隧道开挖后,截取8个断面的剪切破坏塑性区(图12中的绿色区域)。断层破碎带范围内的4-4断面~7-7断面与其他4个断面的塑性区分布明显不同,在断层破碎带以外,塑性区分布绕掌子面分布较为均匀,拱脚处区域较大,掌子面围岩卸荷松动范围较小。在断层破碎带范围内,4-4断面、5-5断面和6-6断面掌子面底板围岩质量差,掌子面侧墙和底板分布大范围剪切破坏塑性区,该范围需要对拱脚和底板加固结构进行加强。7-7断面顶部处于断层内,侧墙和底板围岩较好,仅掌子面顶部剪切破坏层较厚,需要对拱顶进行补强,避免掌子面坍塌、冒顶。
(1) 现场围岩监测与数值计算结果表明,隧道掌子面开挖至富水断层破碎带时,地下水渗流与工程卸荷共同作用下,逆断层上盘岩土体突然向下塌陷,拱顶沉降急剧增大。隧道施工过程中,应提高超前支护结构的强度和刚度,避免变形急剧增大,导致局部塌方。
(2) 隧道开挖断面未通过监测断面时,拱顶围岩受到轻微施工扰动,监测断面开挖后,拱顶迅速向下变形,拱顶形成明显的坍落拱,隧道底部上拱。断层区DK578+435断面变形速率最大,并且受开挖扰动时间最长。
(3) 当上台阶开挖时,SL1~SL2测线的收敛值小于总变形量的10%;当中台阶和下台阶开挖后,围岩变形量超过总变形的80%,围岩水平变形最大值出现在拱脚处。在断层处,上台阶开挖后,中、下台阶的土体上拱值为23.5 mm,无法为围岩提供稳定支撑,监测点向隧道内变形,其他区域无此现象。
(4) 当隧道掌子面开挖至富水断层破碎带时(DK578+433),隧道开挖区域上方14 m和中间28 m范围内的水位下降显著。由于隧道顶部施加了中管棚注浆,并及时施工初期支护,地下水主要沿着台阶面和掌子面渗流。隧道上方仍存在较大孔压,为减少衬砌结构受力,可增加排水管将水引入边沟。
  • 重庆市自然科学基金(CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0082)
  • 住房和城乡建设部研究开发项目(2022-K-040)
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2025年第25卷第19期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406559
  • 接收时间:2024-09-02
  • 首发时间:2025-12-22
  • 出版时间:2025-07-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-02
  • 修回日期:2024-12-23
基金
重庆市自然科学基金(CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0082)
住房和城乡建设部研究开发项目(2022-K-040)
作者信息
    1 中铁十二局集团有限公司, 太原 030024
    2 哈尔滨工业大学土木工程学院, 哈尔滨 150090

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*兰弘杰(1993—),男,汉族,山西忻州人,高级工程师。研究方向:隧道工程、地下工程等。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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genus
种数
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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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