Article(id=1209816727190368655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1209811339510411616, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405966, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1723046400000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-08, revisedDate=1736179200000, revisedDateStr=2025-01-07, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766372385070, onlineDateStr=2025-12-22, pubDate=1751904000000, pubDateStr=2025-07-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766372385070, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766372385070, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766372385070, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1209811339510411616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='19', pageStart='7885', pageEnd='8315', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766371100547, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766373228996, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1209820266960654935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1209811339510411616, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1209820266960654936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1209811339510411616, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=8198, endPage=8206, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1209816728054395299, articleId=1209816727190368655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Formula of Lateral Pressure on Formwork Exerted by Fresh Concrete Based on Dimensional Analysis, columnId=1209816723763630312, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers∙Architectural Science, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To ensure the safety of formwork engineering, and to accurately calculate the lateral pressure of fresh concrete on formwork, the problems of the formulas for lateral pressure of fresh concrete on formwork, provided by the national current standards, were analyzed firstly. Subsequently, based on the basic physical quantities of the international system of units, five key factors affecting the lateral pressure of fresh concrete on formwork were identified, the range of concrete slump was emphatically analyzed. By taking concrete slump as an important factor, it was directly introduced into the derivation. According to the relation between the depth of the concrete from the top of the placement to the point of consideration in the formwork, and the product of the rate of placing concrete in forms and initial setting time, formula for calculating the lateral pressure of fresh concrete on formwork was derived. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed formula was verified by using the experimental data in the literature. The results show that the proposed formula accords with the results of dimensional analysis, and the formula is more accurate in the application range of the formula provided by the national current standards. Moreover, beyond the applicable range of the formula provided by the national current standards, the proposed formula is of high accuracy and is generally safe.

, correspAuthors=Zhan-ke LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Lei CHEN, Zhan-ke LIU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1209816729451098615, articleId=1209816727190368655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=基于量纲分析的新浇混凝土模板侧压力计算式, columnId=1209816724011094258, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文∙建筑科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=为确保模板工程安全,准确计算新浇筑混凝土作用于模板的侧压力,首先分析了国家现行标准中模板侧压力计算公式存在的问题;接着根据国际单位制的基本物理量,确定了影响模板侧压力的5个关键因素,重点分析了混凝土坍落度的范围,并将其作为重要因素直接引入了模板侧压力的推导;在提出模板侧压力的统一计算式后,根据混凝土侧压力计算位置处至新浇筑混凝土顶面的总高度与浇筑速度与初凝时间的乘积的关系,推导了符合量纲分析的模板侧压力的计算式,最后采用现有文献中的试验数据验证了本文的计算式的精度。结果表明:本文提出的计算式符合量纲分析结果,且在国家现行标准中模板侧压力计算公式的适用范围内,本文计算式更精确;而当超出国家现行标准中模板侧压力计算公式的适用范围时,本文计算式具有较高精度,且整体偏于安全。, correspAuthors=刘占科, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*刘占科(1981—),男,汉族,甘肃靖远人,博士,副教授。研究方向:钢结构稳定。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=s9mksjp1BVjUKkmVALQ6jA==, magXml=lec2tu8RGAlInhBi+ZjURQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=JdxWe660aUa2Oec2Y7a1tw==, pdfFileSize=3092924, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=KPi0Vr0deOk/nfmOiZeg+w==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=E1EMQci43tg7R6gfAFVFgA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

陈磊(1983—),男,汉族,甘肃兰州人,高级工程师。研究方向:房屋建造。E-mail:

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陈磊(1983—),男,汉族,甘肃兰州人,高级工程师。研究方向:房屋建造。E-mail:

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Beijing: Standard Press of China, 2009., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1209885586723312245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816727190368655, awardId=52278184, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(52278184), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1209885581564318085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816727190368655, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1209885581572706696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816727190368655, companyId=1209885581564318085, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Western (Gansu) Municipal Construction Group Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730030, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1209885581581095304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816727190368655, companyId=1209885581564318085, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 西部(甘肃)市政建设集团有限公司, 兰州 730030)]), AuthorCompany(id=1209885581690147215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816727190368655, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1209885581694341520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816727190368655, companyId=1209885581690147215, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China, the Ministry of Education of China, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1209885581698535825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816727190368655, companyId=1209885581690147215, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 兰州大学, 西部灾害与环境力学教育部重点实验室, 兰州 730000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1209885581778227610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816727190368655, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1209885581786616218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816727190368655, companyId=1209885581778227610, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1209885581795004827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816727190368655, companyId=1209885581778227610, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 兰州大学土木工程与力学学院, 兰州 730000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1209885583892156935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816727190368655, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Design pressure envelope for vetical formwork, figureFileSmall=QO9CifncHFpbdnx329TrjA==, figureFileBig=vuEHQ3J0/gYlmneOh6GO8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209885583992820235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816727190368655, language=CN, label=图1, caption=竖直模板侧压力计算模型, figureFileSmall=QO9CifncHFpbdnx329TrjA==, figureFileBig=vuEHQ3J0/gYlmneOh6GO8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209885584097677840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816727190368655, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=The relationship between the depth of the concrete from the top of the placement to the point of consideration in the formwork, H, and Vt0, figureFileSmall=PlmmdW9m0WNG5mYZINc2bQ==, figureFileBig=ASEZt7egbYB64m1pdtkgYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209885584215118358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816727190368655, language=CN, label=图2, caption=混凝土侧压力计算位置处至新浇筑混凝土顶面的总高度HVt0的关系, figureFileSmall=PlmmdW9m0WNG5mYZINc2bQ==, figureFileBig=ASEZt7egbYB64m1pdtkgYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209885584319975966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816727190368655, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Anlysis on the concrete slump, figureFileSmall=+GtuSBRCiv02C+dlQkK2iw==, figureFileBig=ITRI6dJrqSC5Xsa6DkZVnQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209885584437416482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816727190368655, language=CN, label=图3, caption=混凝土坍落度分析, figureFileSmall=+GtuSBRCiv02C+dlQkK2iw==, figureFileBig=ITRI6dJrqSC5Xsa6DkZVnQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209885584592605735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816727190368655, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=The relationship beween concrete slump (S) and the heigh (h) of apparatus for concrete slump test, figureFileSmall=9Nb0498rOgbeNcmCbPoQkg==, figureFileBig=Oz2nuNKTjwds4usJ2urudQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209885584701657644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816727190368655, language=CN, label=图4, caption=混凝土坍落度S与混凝土坍落度仪高度h的关系, figureFileSmall=9Nb0498rOgbeNcmCbPoQkg==, figureFileBig=Oz2nuNKTjwds4usJ2urudQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209885584798126639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816727190368655, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Comparison on the relationship between the concrete slump and lateral pressure of fresh concrete on formwork, figureFileSmall=lrG62FrodwgpPCzETJ8ZAg==, figureFileBig=L9JfWmW+tmiVuBdkdT5l5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209885584902984243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816727190368655, language=CN, label=图5, caption=混凝土坍落度与模板侧压力关系对比, figureFileSmall=lrG62FrodwgpPCzETJ8ZAg==, figureFileBig=L9JfWmW+tmiVuBdkdT5l5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209885584978481723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816727190368655, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Values of the correction factor for the concrete slump in standard

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 JGJ 162—2008[2] GB 50666—2011[17]
1 S < 0.03 m时,
β2 = 0.85
2 当0.05 m ≤ S ≤ 0.09 m时,
β2 = 1.0
当0.05 m < S ≤ 0.09 m时,
β = 0.85
3 当0.11 m ≤ S ≤ 0.15 m,
β2 = 1.15
当0.09 m < S ≤ 0.13 m时,
β = 0.9
4 当0.13 m < S ≤ 0.18 m时,
β = 1.0
), ArticleFig(id=1209885585053979200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816727190368655, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

标准中混凝土坍落度影响修正系数的数值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 JGJ 162—2008[2] GB 50666—2011[17]
1 S < 0.03 m时,
β2 = 0.85
2 当0.05 m ≤ S ≤ 0.09 m时,
β2 = 1.0
当0.05 m < S ≤ 0.09 m时,
β = 0.85
3 当0.11 m ≤ S ≤ 0.15 m,
β2 = 1.15
当0.09 m < S ≤ 0.13 m时,
β = 0.9
4 当0.13 m < S ≤ 0.18 m时,
β = 1.0
), ArticleFig(id=1209885585188196934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816727190368655, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The units and dimensions of the symbols in the formula of lateral pressure of fresh concrete on formwork provided by the current standard

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
含义 符号 单位 量纲
混凝土的重力密度 γc kN/m3 M/(LT)2
混凝土侧压力计算位置处至新浇筑混凝土顶面的总高度 H m L
混凝土的浇筑速度 V m/h L/T
混凝土的温度 T 0
新浇混凝土的初凝时间 t0 h T
外加剂影响修正系数 β1
混凝土坍落度影响修正系数 β2β / /
混凝土密度 ρ kg/m3 M/L3
化学系数 Cc
单位重量系数 Cw
模板侧压力 F kN/m2 M/(LT2)
), ArticleFig(id=1209885585326608971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816727190368655, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

现行标准模板侧压力计算式中各符号的单位和量纲

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
含义 符号 单位 量纲
混凝土的重力密度 γc kN/m3 M/(LT)2
混凝土侧压力计算位置处至新浇筑混凝土顶面的总高度 H m L
混凝土的浇筑速度 V m/h L/T
混凝土的温度 T 0
新浇混凝土的初凝时间 t0 h T
外加剂影响修正系数 β1
混凝土坍落度影响修正系数 β2β / /
混凝土密度 ρ kg/m3 M/L3
化学系数 Cc
单位重量系数 Cw
模板侧压力 F kN/m2 M/(LT2)
), ArticleFig(id=1209885585448243790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816727190368655, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The basic physical quantities of the international system of units in formwork systems

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数类型 参数名称 符号 单位 量纲
新浇
混凝土
参数
混凝土坍落度 S m L
质量 m kg M
初凝时间 t0 s T
混凝土的温度 T K 0
模板参数 模板高度 H0 m L
模板长度 L m L
模板宽度 B m L
施工参数 计算位置处至新浇筑混凝土顶面的总高度 H m L
浇筑时间 t s T
环境温度 T0 K 0
), ArticleFig(id=1209885585557295697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816727190368655, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

模板工程系统的基本物理量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数类型 参数名称 符号 单位 量纲
新浇
混凝土
参数
混凝土坍落度 S m L
质量 m kg M
初凝时间 t0 s T
混凝土的温度 T K 0
模板参数 模板高度 H0 m L
模板长度 L m L
模板宽度 B m L
施工参数 计算位置处至新浇筑混凝土顶面的总高度 H m L
浇筑时间 t s T
环境温度 T0 K 0
), ArticleFig(id=1209885585666347603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816727190368655, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Influencing factors of lateral pressure of fresh concrete on formwork

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数类型 参数名称 符号 单位 量纲
新浇
混凝土
参数
混凝土坍落度 S m L
重力密度 γc kN/m3 M/(LT)2
初凝时间 t0 s T
施工参数 浇筑速度 V m/s L/T
计算位置处至新浇筑混凝土顶面的总高度 H m L
问题参数 最大侧压力标准值 F kN/m2 M/(LT2)
), ArticleFig(id=1209885585767010906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816727190368655, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

新浇筑混凝土对模板的侧压力的影响因素

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数类型 参数名称 符号 单位 量纲
新浇
混凝土
参数
混凝土坍落度 S m L
重力密度 γc kN/m3 M/(LT)2
初凝时间 t0 s T
施工参数 浇筑速度 V m/s L/T
计算位置处至新浇筑混凝土顶面的总高度 H m L
问题参数 最大侧压力标准值 F kN/m2 M/(LT2)
), ArticleFig(id=1209885585863479897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816727190368655, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Basic informations of ten specimens in exsiting literatures when S < 0.18 m

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件
编号
H/m γ0/
(kN·m-3)
V/
(m·h-1)
S/m t0/h T/℃ Fexp/
(kN·m-2)
参考文献
8 3.00 23.52 0.80 0.086 4.00 20.0 30.0 文献[20]
10 3.00 23.52 1.16 0.150 4.35 16.0 28.1
Q6 4.50 23.08 2.10 0.120 5.88 19.0 59.5 文献[22]
Q7 4.50 22.98 4.50 0.110 5.26 23.0 67.0
Q8 2.40 23.81 0.90 0.150 8.51 8.5 36.0
Q9 5.00 23.13 11.10 0.065 5.56 21.0 81.0
), ArticleFig(id=1209885586027057757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816727190368655, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

现有文献中S < 0.18 m的10个试件的基本信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件
编号
H/m γ0/
(kN·m-3)
V/
(m·h-1)
S/m t0/h T/℃ Fexp/
(kN·m-2)
参考文献
8 3.00 23.52 0.80 0.086 4.00 20.0 30.0 文献[20]
10 3.00 23.52 1.16 0.150 4.35 16.0 28.1
Q6 4.50 23.08 2.10 0.120 5.88 19.0 59.5 文献[22]
Q7 4.50 22.98 4.50 0.110 5.26 23.0 67.0
Q8 2.40 23.81 0.90 0.150 8.51 8.5 36.0
Q9 5.00 23.13 11.10 0.065 5.56 21.0 81.0
), ArticleFig(id=1209885586169664099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816727190368655, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Comparison on F values and ratios of F/ F E x p  for ten specimens in exsting literatures when S < 0.18 m

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件
编号
β1 β2 β 计算值F/(kN·m-2) 比值F/Fexp H/(Vt0) 参考
文献
JGJ 162—
2008
GB 50666—
2011
本文 JGJ 162—
2008
GB 50666—
2011
本文
8 1.2 1.00 0.85 22.21 20.03 22.58 0.740 0.668 0.753 0.94 文献[20]
10 1.2 1.15 1 33.44 30.84 37.44 1.190 1.097 1.332 0.59
Q6 1.2 1.15 0.9 59.73 49.58 51.42 1.004 0.833 0.864 0.36 文献[22]
Q7 1.2 1.15 0.9 77.90 64.66 67.88 1.163 0.965 1.013 0.19
Q8 1.2 1.15 1 57.15 53.84 46.71 1.588 1.495 1.298 0.31
Q9 1.2 1 0.85 113.01 101.88 84.74 1.395 1.258 1.046 0.08
平均值 1.180 1.053 1.051
标准差 0.296 0.298 0.230
), ArticleFig(id=1209885586287104614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816727190368655, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

现有文献中S < 0.18 m的10个试件的模板最大侧压力计算值及对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件
编号
β1 β2 β 计算值F/(kN·m-2) 比值F/Fexp H/(Vt0) 参考
文献
JGJ 162—
2008
GB 50666—
2011
本文 JGJ 162—
2008
GB 50666—
2011
本文
8 1.2 1.00 0.85 22.21 20.03 22.58 0.740 0.668 0.753 0.94 文献[20]
10 1.2 1.15 1 33.44 30.84 37.44 1.190 1.097 1.332 0.59
Q6 1.2 1.15 0.9 59.73 49.58 51.42 1.004 0.833 0.864 0.36 文献[22]
Q7 1.2 1.15 0.9 77.90 64.66 67.88 1.163 0.965 1.013 0.19
Q8 1.2 1.15 1 57.15 53.84 46.71 1.588 1.495 1.298 0.31
Q9 1.2 1 0.85 113.01 101.88 84.74 1.395 1.258 1.046 0.08
平均值 1.180 1.053 1.051
标准差 0.296 0.298 0.230
), ArticleFig(id=1209885586421322345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816727190368655, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Comparison on F values and ratios of F/ F e x p  for seven specimens in exsting literatures when S > 0.18 m

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件
编号
H/m γ0/
(kN·m-3)
V/
(m·h-1)
S/m t0/h T/℃ Fexp/
(kN·m-2)
计算值F及比值F/Fexp H/(Vt0) 参考文献
F/(kN·m-2) F/Fexp
4 3.65 23.52 2.00 0.190 6.15 17.5 45.0 65.82 1.463 0.30 文献[8]
6 6.00 23.52 2.12 0.190 5.41 22.0 52.0 63.51 1.221 0.52
8 5.60 23.52 4.57 0.185 4.88 26.0 66.0 87.41 1.324 0.25
11 4.35 23.52 16.50 0.200 4.94 25.5 86.0 102.31 1.190 0.05
2 3.00 23.52 1.29 0.203 3.70 24.0 32.0 42.39 1.325 0.63 文献[20]
3 3.00 23.52 1.33 0.240 4.26 17.0 42.1 50.16 1.192 0.53
4 3.00 23.52 0.93 0.210 4.08 19.0 41.5 38.43 0.926 0.79
平均值 1.196
标准差 0.146
), ArticleFig(id=1209885586513597038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816727190368655, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

现有文献中S > 0.18 m的7个试件的模板最大侧压力计算值及对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件
编号
H/m γ0/
(kN·m-3)
V/
(m·h-1)
S/m t0/h T/℃ Fexp/
(kN·m-2)
计算值F及比值F/Fexp H/(Vt0) 参考文献
F/(kN·m-2) F/Fexp
4 3.65 23.52 2.00 0.190 6.15 17.5 45.0 65.82 1.463 0.30 文献[8]
6 6.00 23.52 2.12 0.190 5.41 22.0 52.0 63.51 1.221 0.52
8 5.60 23.52 4.57 0.185 4.88 26.0 66.0 87.41 1.324 0.25
11 4.35 23.52 16.50 0.200 4.94 25.5 86.0 102.31 1.190 0.05
2 3.00 23.52 1.29 0.203 3.70 24.0 32.0 42.39 1.325 0.63 文献[20]
3 3.00 23.52 1.33 0.240 4.26 17.0 42.1 50.16 1.192 0.53
4 3.00 23.52 0.93 0.210 4.08 19.0 41.5 38.43 0.926 0.79
平均值 1.196
标准差 0.146
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基于量纲分析的新浇混凝土模板侧压力计算式
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陈磊 1 , 刘占科 2, 3, *
科学技术与工程 | 论文∙建筑科学 2025,25(19): 8198-8206
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科学技术与工程 | 论文∙建筑科学 2025, 25(19): 8198-8206
基于量纲分析的新浇混凝土模板侧压力计算式
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陈磊1 , 刘占科2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1 西部(甘肃)市政建设集团有限公司, 兰州 730030
  • 2 兰州大学, 西部灾害与环境力学教育部重点实验室, 兰州 730000
  • 3 兰州大学土木工程与力学学院, 兰州 730000
  • 陈磊(1983—),男,汉族,甘肃兰州人,高级工程师。研究方向:房屋建造。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*刘占科(1981—),男,汉族,甘肃靖远人,博士,副教授。研究方向:钢结构稳定。E-mail:
Formula of Lateral Pressure on Formwork Exerted by Fresh Concrete Based on Dimensional Analysis
Lei CHEN1 , Zhan-ke LIU2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Western (Gansu) Municipal Construction Group Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730030, China
  • 2 Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China, the Ministry of Education of China, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • 3 School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
出版时间: 2025-07-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405966
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为确保模板工程安全,准确计算新浇筑混凝土作用于模板的侧压力,首先分析了国家现行标准中模板侧压力计算公式存在的问题;接着根据国际单位制的基本物理量,确定了影响模板侧压力的5个关键因素,重点分析了混凝土坍落度的范围,并将其作为重要因素直接引入了模板侧压力的推导;在提出模板侧压力的统一计算式后,根据混凝土侧压力计算位置处至新浇筑混凝土顶面的总高度与浇筑速度与初凝时间的乘积的关系,推导了符合量纲分析的模板侧压力的计算式,最后采用现有文献中的试验数据验证了本文的计算式的精度。结果表明:本文提出的计算式符合量纲分析结果,且在国家现行标准中模板侧压力计算公式的适用范围内,本文计算式更精确;而当超出国家现行标准中模板侧压力计算公式的适用范围时,本文计算式具有较高精度,且整体偏于安全。
新浇混凝土  /  模板侧压力  /  量纲分析  /  坍落度  /  统一计算式

To ensure the safety of formwork engineering, and to accurately calculate the lateral pressure of fresh concrete on formwork, the problems of the formulas for lateral pressure of fresh concrete on formwork, provided by the national current standards, were analyzed firstly. Subsequently, based on the basic physical quantities of the international system of units, five key factors affecting the lateral pressure of fresh concrete on formwork were identified, the range of concrete slump was emphatically analyzed. By taking concrete slump as an important factor, it was directly introduced into the derivation. According to the relation between the depth of the concrete from the top of the placement to the point of consideration in the formwork, and the product of the rate of placing concrete in forms and initial setting time, formula for calculating the lateral pressure of fresh concrete on formwork was derived. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed formula was verified by using the experimental data in the literature. The results show that the proposed formula accords with the results of dimensional analysis, and the formula is more accurate in the application range of the formula provided by the national current standards. Moreover, beyond the applicable range of the formula provided by the national current standards, the proposed formula is of high accuracy and is generally safe.

fresh concrete  /  lateral pressure of formwork  /  dimensional analysis  /  slump  /  unified formula
陈磊, 刘占科. 基于量纲分析的新浇混凝土模板侧压力计算式. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (19) : 8198 -8206 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405966
Lei CHEN, Zhan-ke LIU. Formula of Lateral Pressure on Formwork Exerted by Fresh Concrete Based on Dimensional Analysis[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (19) : 8198 -8206 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405966
混凝土是工程结构中广为使用的材料之一,其施工过程的重要步骤之一是将新拌混凝土浇筑于已布设好的模板中。由于新拌混凝土是一种介于流体与含湿粒子堆聚物之间的材料[1],其流动性、黏聚性和保水性等工作性良好,故而浇筑于模板中的混凝土对竖向布置的模板将作用有侧压力,即新浇混凝土模板侧压力[2](以下简称“模板侧压力”)。当模板侧压力超过模板的承载能力时,可能导致模板破坏,造成工程事故。因此,为确保模板工程的安全性,需准确计算模板侧压力[3]
国外关于模板侧压力的研究开展较早。早在1909年,Shunk[4]即开展了模板侧压力的试验研究。1952年,Rodin[5]收集了前人发表的模板侧压力试验数据,对影响模板侧压力的各种因素进行了讨论,给出了与配合比为1∶2∶4、坍落度150 mm、温度为21 ℃对应的模板侧压力计算模型及计算式。此后,Rodin[5]提出的计算模型先后被Clear等[6]、Gardner[7]所采纳,并用来提出对应的模板侧压力计算式。
随着模板侧压力研究的深入,泵送混凝土[8-9]、自密实混凝土[10-13]、高流动性混凝土[14]、大尺寸模板[15]、圆形模板[16]等对模板侧压力的影响得到了国内外广大学者的关注。然而,时至今日,国内外标准中广为采用的模板侧压力模型仍主要为Rodin的计算模型
在中国,国家现行标准《建筑施工模板安全技术规范》(JGJ 162—2008)[2]、《混凝土结构工程施工规范》(GB 50666—2011)[17]所采用的模板侧压力计算模型与Rodin[5]的计算模型基本相同,并以流体静压力原理为基础,同时结合浇筑速度与侧压力的国内外试验结果而建立了计算公式。其中,JGJ 162—2008[2]中的计算式的适用条件为:①浇筑速度在6 m/h以下;②混凝土坍落度不大于150 mm;③普通混凝土、轻骨料混凝土;④采用内部振捣器。而GB 50666—2011中的计算式的适用范为:①浇筑速度不大于10 m/h;②混凝土坍落度不大于180 mm;③采用插入式振动器。
近年来,混凝土施工中模板工程事故频发[18],对比并完善现行标准中模板侧压力计算式成为研究热点[12-13,18 -19]。经过对比发现,与JGJ 162—2008和GB 50666—2011中模板侧压力计算公式的适用条件相比,当前新浇混凝土的施工力学参数已发生了较大变化:一是混凝土坍落度超过150 mm乃至超过180 mm的情况已成为普遍现象,甚至最大值可达240 mm[20-21];二是浇筑速度最高可达19 m/h[13]。更为重要的是,现行标准中的计算式存在量纲不统一的问题[22],这将导致在完善现行标准中模板侧压力计算式时,仍然难以保证计算式符合基本逻辑。
量纲分析在力学中具有广泛的应用场景和价值[23];在中国的相关研究中,业已通过量纲分析建立了测压结构加速度响应与冲击波参数及结构尺寸的关系模型[24],推导了可以反映柱状装药特征的成排深孔爆破振动速度预测公式[25],完成了落石冲击力的推导[26]。由此可见,无论在理论上还是在实践上,量纲分析都带来很多效益。用这一理论所获得的所有结果,总是用十分简单、初等的方法并且几乎是没有什么困难得到的[23]。然而,尽管文献[22]指出了现行标准中模板侧压力计算式存在量纲不统一问题,但既未给出分析过程,也未进一步提出符合量纲分析的新的模板侧压力计算式。
针对如上问题,首先梳理现行标准中模板侧压力的计算模型及计算公式,并对其进行量纲分析;然后根据国际单位制的七个基本物理量,确定影响模板侧压力的关键因素,且重点分析混凝土坍落度的范围;接着提出模板侧压力的统一计算式,并根据浇筑高度与浇筑速度与初凝时间的乘积的关系,分别推导模板侧压力的计算式,最后采用现有文献中的试验数据对本文的计算式的精度进行验证。
国外关于模板侧压力的研究开展较早。1952年,Rodin[5]回顾了已发表的模板侧压力试验数据,对影响模板侧压力的各种因素进行了讨论,并提出了计算模型。Clear等[6]给出了如图1所示的计算模型,并给出了计算式。此后,包括美国标准ACI 347R—14[27],中国现行标准JGJ 162—2008[2]、GB 50666—2011[17]在内的众多标准基本均以图1所示的计算模型确定模板侧压力。
中国现行标准《建筑施工模板安全技术规范》(JGJ 162—2008)[2]给出了新浇混凝土的最大侧压力计算公式,并规定取其较小值作为新浇筑混凝土对模板的侧压力的标准值。公式为
$F=\gamma_{\mathrm{c}} H$
$F=0.22 \gamma_{\mathrm{c}} t_{0} \beta_{1} \beta_{2} V^{1 / 2}$
式中:F为新浇混凝土的最大侧压力,kN/m2;γc为混凝土的重力密度;H为混凝土侧压力计算位置处至新浇筑混凝土顶面的总高度,m(图1);t0为新浇混凝土的初凝时间,h,可按试验确定,当缺乏试验资料时,可采用t0 =200/(T+15)(T为混凝土的温度,℃);V为混凝土的浇筑速度,m/h;β1为外加剂影响修正系数,不掺外加剂时取1.0,掺具有缓凝作用的外加剂时取1.2;β2为混凝土坍落度S影响修正系数β,按表1取值。
2012年,《混凝土结构工程施工规范》(GB 50666—2011)[17]颁布实施,该标准以式(1)和式(3)为F的计算式,也规定取其较小值作为新浇筑混凝土对模板的侧压力的标准值。
$F=0.28 \gamma_{\mathrm{c}} t_{0} \beta V^{1 / 2}$
式(3)中:β为混凝土坍落度影响修正系数,其数值按表1取值。
在美国标准ACI 347R—2014[27]中,给出的计算式与JGJ 162—2008[2]以及GB 50666—2011[17]的形式不同,其计算式如下。
(1)对于浇筑率小于2.1 m/h且浇筑高度不超过4.2 m的墙壁(V < 2.1 m/h且H ≤ 4.2 m),公式为
$F=C_{\mathrm{w}} C_{\mathrm{c}}\left(7.2+\frac{785 V}{T+17.8}\right)$
(2)对于浇筑率小于2.1 m/h且浇筑高度超过4.2 m的墙壁,以及浇筑率为2.1至4.5 m/h的墙壁(V < 2.1 m/h且H > 4.2 m,2.1 m/h ≤ V ≤ 4.5 m/h),公式为
$F=C_{\mathrm{w}} C_{\mathrm{c}}\left(7.2+\frac{244 V}{T+17.8}+\frac{1156}{T+17.8}\right)$
式(5)中:V为浇筑率,m/h;T为浇筑期间混凝土的温度℃;Cc为化学系数,随材料等不同取1.0、1.2或1.4;Cw为单位质量系数,随混凝土的密度不同而取不同的表达式或固定的数值,其计算式为
$\begin{aligned}C_{\mathrm{w}}= & 0.5\left(1+\frac{w}{2320 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{m}^{3}}\right) \geqslant 0.8, \\& \rho<2240 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{m}^{3}\end{aligned}$
Cw=1.0, 2 240 kg/ m 3  ρ≤ 2 400 kg/m3
Cw= w 2   320   k g / m 3, ρ > 2 400 kg/m3
式中:ρw均为混凝土密度,ρ的单位为kg/m3,w的单位为lb/ft3(lb/f t 3  = 16.02 kg/m3)。
需要说明的是,对于由式(4)或式(5)计算所得的F需满足30CwF < ρgH
为分析计算式的量纲,将式(1)~式(8)中各个符号的单位、量纲列于表2中。
记式(1)~式(5)“=”右侧表达式的量纲为[F'],则对于JGJ 162—2008[2]以及GB 50666—2011[17]中的式(1),由表2可知
$\left[F^{\prime}\right]=\left[\mathrm{M} /(\mathrm{LT})^{2}\right] \mathrm{L}=\mathrm{M} /\left(\mathrm{LT}^{2}\right)$
由式(9)可知,[F']与表2F的量纲[F] = M/(LT2)完全一致,由此可知式(1)是符合量纲分析的。
对于式(2)和式(3),将各参数的量纲代入其中可得
$\left[F^{\prime}\right]=\left[\mathrm{M} /(\mathrm{LT})^{2}\right] \mathrm{T}(\mathrm{~L} / \mathrm{T})^{0.5}=\mathrm{M} /(\mathrm{LT})^{1.5}$
由式(10)可知,[F']与表2F的量纲[F] = M/(LT2)不同,这表明式(2)和式(3)不符合量纲分析结果。由此可知,国家现行标准JGJ 162—2008[2]以及GB 50666—2011[17]中模板侧压力计算式的两个式子中,仅有一个式子符合量纲分析,而另一个则不符合量纲分析结果。
对于美国标准ACI 347R—14[27]中的式(4)~式(8),由于VT形成的分数表达式以及求和的关系,显然式(4)~式(8)也不符合量纲分析结果。后续研究中,仅选取国家现行标准JGJ 162—2008[2]以及GB 50666—2011[17]中模板侧压力计算式进行对比分析。
当现行标准中的模板侧压力计算式不符合量纲分析时,一方面会造成计算目标的量纲与计算结果的量纲不符,有损计算式的严谨性;另一方面,也将由于量纲的不统一,限制了计算式进一步完善的可能。文献[23]指出,将量纲理论的考虑同那些本身不直接给出有意义结论的一般物理假设结合起来,可以得到极为重要和有用的结果。以下将基于量纲分析建立模板侧压力的计算式。
确定影响模板侧压力的关键因素是建立对应计算式的关键。Rodin[5]考虑了浇筑速度、浇筑方法、混凝土的一致性和配合比、凝结速度以及模板的尺寸和形状共6个因素,但最终以浇筑速度V为唯一参数给出了模板侧压力的计算式F= 23.4 × 1.63V1/3。文献[18]指出,混凝土侧压力的影响因素主要有混凝土坍落度、混凝土容重、初凝时间、温度、浇筑方式、浇筑速度及振捣方式;文献[19]梳理了国内外相关标准发现,重度、初凝时间、浇筑速度、浇筑高度和混凝土坍落度。显然,在已有研究和现行标准中,考虑影响模板侧压力的关键因素并不统一。为此,以下根据国际单位制的基本物理量确定影响模板侧压力的关键因素。
取浇筑高度为H(m)、宽度为B(m)、长度为L(m)的竖直布置的模板为研究对象(图2),假定混凝土浇筑速度为V(m/h),则浇筑完成所需时间为t = H/V
对于混凝土,其工作性能主要有凝结时间、坍落度和抗压强度等[28];而在新拌混凝土的凝结硬化过程中,其由塑性流动状态向固体状态转变,这一过程通常用初凝与终凝来描述[1];初凝之前新浇混凝土属于塑性流体状态[29]
根据国家现行标准《建筑施工模板安全技术规范》(JGJ 162—2008)[2]、《混凝土结构工程施工规范》(GB 50666—2011)[17],记浇筑时间为t0,则根据t > t0tt0可将浇筑完成后的状态分为两种情况:
(1)当t > t0时,即H/(Vt0) > 1.0时,后浇筑高度为Vt0的部分仍为塑性流体状态,而先浇筑的(H-Vt0)部分则处于凝结状态[图2(a)]。
(2)当tt0时,即H/(Vt0) ≤ 1.0时,全部混凝土都为塑性流体状态[图2(b)]。
模板侧压力计算模型是一个典型的力学模型。则在国际单位制的七个基本物理量中,与模板侧压力有关的基本物理量主要有四个:长度、质量、时间、热力学温度,与其对应的国际单位名称(国际单位符号)分别为米(m)、千克(kg)、秒(s)、开尔文(K)。在表2给出的现行标准中的参数和系数,仅总高度H和初凝时间t0是国际单位制中的基本物理量。
表2中涉及的各因素进行归纳,可知模板工程系统中主要包含新浇混凝土、模板以及施工因素共三个方面,因此可将模板侧压力的参数类型也分为对应的三类,列出对应的基本物理量如表3所示。其中,对于具体的一类参数,按长度、质量、时间、热力学温度的先后顺序给出,未涉及的则不列出。
由于越是采用基本物理量,对应的计算模型或推导的计算式就越能反映事物固有的本质,故模板侧压力计算中,采用表3中的混凝土坍落度S表2中的混凝土坍落度影响修正系数β2β更合理;同时,由于新浇混凝土的质量m并非直接影响侧压力的因素,故将其转化为重力密度γc(或密度ρ和重力加速度g,γc = ρg)。此外,由于初凝时间t0与混凝土的温度T相关[29],故以初凝时间t0为准开展后续分析。因此,新浇混凝土的参数主要有三个(表4)。
图2所示的模板工程系统中,施工参数与模板参数具有相关性,即浇筑速度为V、浇筑时间为t的时刻,乘积Vt表示模板内新浇混凝土的高度,其面积则为LB。因此,以施工参数为准将其列入表4。与表2不同的是,表4列出了表征新浇混凝土工作性能的重要的基本物理量,即混凝土坍落度S。以下对其进行重点分析。
混凝土坍落度S是采用《混凝土坍落度仪》(JG/T 248—2009)[30]规定的坍落度筒进行测量的,其中坍落度筒内的混凝土的形状为圆锥台,其正视图为等腰梯形(图3)。记圆锥台状混凝土的几何尺寸如下:①圆锥台顶面圆的内径为d;②圆锥台底面圆的内径为D;③圆锥台高度为h。延长等腰梯形的两边相交于O点。
进行混凝土坍落度测量时,假定发生塌落度S后的混凝土仍为顶面为平面的圆锥台状,其正视图也为等腰梯形,且圆锥台顶面圆、圆锥台底面圆的直径均增加ΔD。假定混凝土坍落度测量前后的两个圆锥台状的混凝土体积不变,则延长后一个等腰梯形的两边也相交于O点。
根据图3的几何关系可知,在混凝土浇筑完成后,圆锥台状混凝土的体积Ω0的计算式,以及发生混凝土坍落度S后的圆锥台状混凝土的体积Ω的计算式分别为
Ω0= 1 3π D 2 2(h+h0)- 1 3π d 2 2h0
$\begin{aligned}\Omega= & \frac{1}{3} \pi\left(\frac{D+\Delta D}{2}\right)^{2}\left(h+h_{0}\right)- \\& \frac{1}{3} \pi\left(\frac{d+\Delta D}{2}\right)^{2}\left(h_{0}+S\right)\end{aligned}$
根据《混凝土坍落度仪》(JG/T 248—2009)[30]可知,对于图3所示的混凝土坍落度仪,有D = 2d,h0 = h,则根据Ω0 = Ω的关系可得
$\frac{S}{h}=1-\frac{1-8 \Delta D / D}{(1+2 \Delta D / D)^{2}}$
根据式(13)绘制ΔD/DS/h的关系如图4所示,同时考虑到混凝土坍落度S不超过混凝土坍落度仪的实际高度h,则存在S/h ≤ 1.0的关系。
图4可知,在S/h ≤ 1.0的范围内,S/h与ΔD/D可简化为线性关系,这一关系将用于后续基于量纲分析建立模板侧压力的计算式。
根据《混凝土坍落度仪》(JG/T 248—2009)[30]中混凝土坍落度筒的几何尺寸可知,D = 2d = 0.2 m,h = 0.3 m,可知混凝土坍落度的范围为0 ≤ S ≤ 0.3 m。
当混凝土坍落度S = 0.3 m时,可将其视为塑性流体状态,此时模板侧压力应由流体静压力原理确定;当混凝土坍落度S = 0 m时,表明其已凝结。则根据图4简化的S/h与ΔD/D的线性关系,并以混凝土坍落度作为重要的参数,给出的模板侧压力的统一计算式:
$F=\gamma_{\mathrm{c}} H\left(\frac{S}{0.3 \mathrm{~m}}\right)$
S = 0.3 m代入式(14)即可得到式(1),表明采用式(14)计算塑性流体状态的新浇混凝土的模板测压是可行的。
当0<S≤0.3 m时,新浇混凝土不属于塑性流体状态,其作用于模板的侧压力还受浇筑速度V和初凝时间t0的影响,即当H/(Vt0) > 1.0时[图2(a)],表明在混凝土浇筑完成前,已有部分先浇筑的混凝土开始凝结,此时式(14)中的H的最大值为Vt0;而当H/(Vt0) ≤ 1.0时[图2(b)],表明在混凝土浇筑完成后,所有已浇筑的混凝土均未初凝,此时为偏于安全计,应将式(14)中的H替换为Vt0
由于浇筑速度V和初凝时间t0之积Vt0的量纲为L,而式(14)中混凝土坍落度S的量纲也为L,因此为符合量纲分析,同时与现行标准考虑的因素尽量保持统一,采用Vt0代替式(14)中H,并剔除式(14)中0.3 m的单位而仅将其作为系数,可得对应的模板侧压力的计算式为
$F=\gamma_{\mathrm{c}} \sqrt{\frac{S V t_{0}}{0.3}}$
整理式(15)即可得到对应的计算式为
$F=1.83 \gamma_{\mathrm{c}} \sqrt{S V t_{0}}$
与国家现行标准JGJ 162—2008[2]、GB 50666—2011[17]相比,式(16)中的S1/2取代了混凝土坍落度影响修正系数β2β,而JGJ 162—2008中的外加剂影响修正系数β1,不再在式(16)中体现,这与GB 50666—2011中模板侧压力的计算式一样,详见式(3)。其原因为当前混凝土中普遍添加外加剂[17],可不将外加剂影响修正系数单独考虑。
对式(16)的右侧进行量纲分析可知,其单位的量纲均为M/(LT2),与表4中问题参数的量纲完全一致。由此可知,本文中推导的模板侧压力计算式符合量纲分析结果。采用式(1)和式(16)进行模板侧压力计算时,取两者的较小值作为模板侧压力的标准值。
需要说明的是,式(16)中浇筑速度V的次幂1/2与现行标准JGJ 162—2008[2]、GB 50666—2011[17]的公式中浇筑速度V的次幂1/2相同。图5对比了现行标准JGJ 162—2008[2]、GB 50666—2011[17]中公式的F-S关系以及本文计算式的F-S关系。
图5可知,由于本文计算式直接将混凝土坍落度S作为表征模板侧压力的重要参数,故F-S关系是连续的;而由于国家现行标准JGJ 162—2008[2]、GB 50666—2011[17]中混凝土坍落度影响修正系数 β 2  β均为与混凝土坍落度有关的分段函数(表1),故对应的F-S关系为分段曲线。
为对比现行标准JGJ 162—2008[2]、GB 50666—2011[17]以及本文计算式的计算精度,选取同时满足JGJ 162—2008[2]和GB 50666—2011[17]中模板侧压力计算式适用范围的试件进行对比,即混凝土坍落度在0.05 m<S ≤ 0.09 m或0.11 m ≤ S ≤ 0.15 m范围内的试件。其中,文献[20]中的14个试件中仅有2个满足表1中的条件,而文献[22]中的11个试件中,混凝土外加剂为超塑化外加剂的试件有4个(表5)。
表6给出了JGJ 162—2008[2]、GB 50666—2011[17]中的计算式以及本文计算式计算所得的模板侧压力F以及F计算值与试验值Fexp之比F/Fexp,表5也给出了比值F/Fexp的平均值和标准差。由表5可知,与JGJ 162—2008对应的F/Fexp的平均值和标准差分别为1.180、0.296,与GB 50666—2011对应的F/Fexp的平均值和标准差分别为1.053、0.298,而与本文计算式对应的F/Fexp的平均值和标准差分别为1.051、0.230。显然,本文的F/Fexp的平均值与1.000最为接近且标准差均最小,表明基于量纲分析的本文计算式较JGJ 162—2008[2]、GB 50666—2011[17]中的计算式具有更好的精度。
表1可知,当混凝土坍落度S > 0.18 m时,均无法采用国家现行标准JGJ 162—2008[2]、GB 50666—2011[17]进行模板侧压力的计算。
为检验当混凝土坍落度S > 0.18 m时本文计算式的计算精度,选取文献[8]中的7个试件和文献[20]中的3个试件分别计算其模板侧压力(表7)。为方便对照,表7中的试件编号与文献[8]和文献[20]中的试件编号保持一致。
表7给出了采用本文计算式计算所得的模板侧压力F以及F计算值与试验值Fexp之比F/Fexp,表7也给出了比值F/Fexp的平均值和标准差。由表7可知,与本文计算式对应的F/Fexp的平均值和标准差分别为1.196、0.146。显然,对于混凝土坍落度超过现行标准适用范围的情况,即S > 0.18 m的试件,本文计算式同样具有较高的精度。
(1)在国家现行标准《建筑施工模板安全技术规范》(JGJ 162—2008)、《混凝土结构工程施工规范》(GB 50666—2011)中,模板侧压力计算式由两部分组成,其中按流体静压力原理确定的模板侧压力计算式γcH符合量纲分析结果,但另一个计算式不符合量纲分析结果。
(2)基于量纲分析确定的影响模板侧压力的因素共有5个,即重力密度γc、计算位置处至新浇筑混凝土顶面的总高度H、混凝土坍落度S、初凝时间t0以及浇筑速度V
(3)本文建立的模板侧压力的计算式符合量纲分析结果;与国家现行标准《建筑施工模板安全技术规范》(JGJ 162—2008)、《混凝土结构工程施工规范》(GB 50666—2011)中模板侧压力计算公式相比,当混凝土坍落度S在两部标准的适用范围内时,采用本文计算式得到的F/Fexp的均值更接近于1.000且标准差最小;当混凝土坍落度S超出两部标准的适用范围时,采用本文计算式得到的F/Fexp的均值和标准差分别为1.196、0.146,整体偏于安全。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52278184)
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2025年第25卷第19期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405966
  • 接收时间:2024-08-08
  • 首发时间:2025-12-22
  • 出版时间:2025-07-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-08
  • 修回日期:2025-01-07
基金
国家自然科学基金(52278184)
作者信息
    1 西部(甘肃)市政建设集团有限公司, 兰州 730030
    2 兰州大学, 西部灾害与环境力学教育部重点实验室, 兰州 730000
    3 兰州大学土木工程与力学学院, 兰州 730000

通讯作者:

*刘占科(1981—),男,汉族,甘肃靖远人,博士,副教授。研究方向:钢结构稳定。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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