Article(id=1209816724711543074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1209811339510411616, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406955, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1726502400000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-17, revisedDate=1736179200000, revisedDateStr=2025-01-07, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766372384478, onlineDateStr=2025-12-22, pubDate=1751904000000, pubDateStr=2025-07-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766372384478, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766372384478, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766372384478, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1209811339510411616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='19', pageStart='7885', pageEnd='8315', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766371100547, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766373228996, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1209820266960654935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1209811339510411616, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1209820266960654936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1209811339510411616, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=8167, endPage=8178, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1209816725118390590, articleId=1209816724711543074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Finite Element Analysis of Flexural Properties of Reinforced Concrete Beams by FRGM, columnId=1209816723763630312, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers∙Architectural Science, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to explore the strengthening effect of reinforced concrete beams strengthened by carbon fiber reinforced polymer reinforced geopolymer matrix (FRGM), the mechanical properties of reinforced concrete beams reinforced with flexural reinforcement reinforced concrete in FRGM system were studied by numerical simulation. Three-dimensional finite element models were established to simulate the failure mode, characteristic load and load-mid-span deflection curve of reinforced concrete beams reinforced by FRGM system, and the influence of the thickness and length of the FRGM layer and the pre-damage degree of the original specimen on the reinforcement effect was discussed. The results show that the thickness of the FRGM layer has no obvious effect on the ultimate bearing capacity of reinforced concrete beam, and the increase range is 72.29%~79.38%, but the stiffness of the FRGM layer is improved to a certain extent, up to 38%. The ultimate bearing capacity of reinforced concrete beams can be increased by increasing the length of the FRGM layer, but with the increase of the length of the FRGM layer, the increase of the ultimate bearing capacity gradually weakens, indicating that there is no linear increase relationship between the length of the FRGM layer and the ultimate bearing capacity. Compared with the original components, the bearing capacity of reinforced concrete beam members is improved to a certain extent after pre-damage reinforcement(36.5%~73.66%), which shows the effectiveness of FRGM reinforcement method.

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为了探究碳纤维筋增强地聚合物砂浆复合体系(carbon fiber reinforced polymer-reinforced geopolymer matrix,FRGM)增强钢筋混凝土梁的加固效果,通过数值模拟研究了FRGM体系抗弯加固钢筋混凝土梁的力学性能。包括建立三维有限元模型,模拟FRGM体系加固钢筋混凝土梁的破坏模式、特征荷载以及荷载-跨中位移曲线,以及探讨FRGM层的厚度、长度以及原试件的预损伤程度对加固效果的影响。研究结果表明,FRGM层厚度对钢筋混凝土梁极限承载力影响不明显,提升幅度为72.29%~79.38%,但其刚度有一定的提升,最高达38%;增加FRGM层长度可以提高钢筋混凝土梁的极限承载力,但随着FRGM层长度的增加,极限承载力的提升幅度逐渐减弱,且FRGM层长度与极限承载力之间不存在线性关系;相较于原构件,对钢筋混凝土梁进行预损后加固,其承载力有一定程度的提升(36.5%~73.66%),说明FRGM加固方法的有效性。

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雷真(1986—),男,汉族,江西吉安人,博士,副教授。研究方向:结构加固及耐久性。E-mail:

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雷真(1986—),男,汉族,江西吉安人,博士,副教授。研究方向:结构加固及耐久性。E-mail:

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雷真(1986—),男,汉族,江西吉安人,博士,副教授。研究方向:结构加固及耐久性。E-mail:

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year=2022, volume=129, issue=null, pageStart=104481, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=Wang Y, Zhong H, Zhang M, journalName=Cement and Concrete Composites, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Y, Zhong H, Zhang M. 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E0用于描述在初始加载阶段的应力与应变之比;Esec用于描述在达到峰值应力之前的应力与应变之比;f't为混凝土抗拉强度;w为裂缝宽度;Gf为断裂能(由混凝土的质量和粒径决定)

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journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816724711543074, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=GP-1 damage contours, figureFileSmall=0yznKzstogQbwg6LdPTHXg==, figureFileBig=bteECYcbicNO/25uO6b/ww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209885587377623698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816724711543074, language=CN, label=图8, caption=GP-1损伤云图, figureFileSmall=0yznKzstogQbwg6LdPTHXg==, figureFileBig=bteECYcbicNO/25uO6b/ww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209885587453121171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816724711543074, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=GP-4 damage contours, figureFileSmall=fVieg/dHjOkHm8/Ud0mv0A==, figureFileBig=IeyIsNmwn73n6oB39SogSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209885587696390809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816724711543074, language=CN, label=图9, caption=GP-4损伤云图, figureFileSmall=fVieg/dHjOkHm8/Ud0mv0A==, figureFileBig=IeyIsNmwn73n6oB39SogSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209885587771888281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816724711543074, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=GP-2 damage contours, figureFileSmall=tRfD+239G4D+KTnfZ8GdVg==, figureFileBig=JeXcP9OhLjG6GKSUArH5dQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209885587855774365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816724711543074, language=CN, label=图10, caption=GP-2损伤云图, figureFileSmall=tRfD+239G4D+KTnfZ8GdVg==, figureFileBig=JeXcP9OhLjG6GKSUArH5dQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209885587935466144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816724711543074, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=GP-3 damage contours, figureFileSmall=JSTjykLlCA/3/5H9GfHMQw==, figureFileBig=11JJnGCYVhxDI/AhEwDYhg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209885588010963618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816724711543074, language=CN, label=图11, caption=GP-3损伤云图, figureFileSmall=JSTjykLlCA/3/5H9GfHMQw==, figureFileBig=11JJnGCYVhxDI/AhEwDYhg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209885588090655395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816724711543074, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=GP-5 damage contours, figureFileSmall=dCxUoMz9N611XE1/cqhc8g==, figureFileBig=5mViXnegyv40BkfRo7bJoQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209885588174541477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816724711543074, language=CN, label=图12, caption=GP-5损伤云图, figureFileSmall=dCxUoMz9N611XE1/cqhc8g==, figureFileBig=5mViXnegyv40BkfRo7bJoQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209885588266816170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816724711543074, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Finite element simulation results with different FRGM layer thicknesses, 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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816724711543074, language=CN, label=图16, caption=预损伤程度不同的有限元模拟结果, figureFileSmall=w9SfKPsXO+5zxeTArx1yFA==, figureFileBig=lxmLIVoBlLi3FgumiwhTPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209885589097288392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816724711543074, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Mechanical properties of reinforcement

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料 抗拉
强度/
MPa
屈服
强度/
MPa
屈服
应变/
%
拉伸
应变/
%
弹性
模量/
GPa
CFRP_D3 2 455 1.6 154
CFRP_D6 2 266 1.6 153
CFRP_D10 2 037 1.5 136
Steel bar_D8 449 262 2.0 18.5 200
Steel bar_D10 653 441 2.0 18.0 200
Steel bar_D14 687 469 1.9 19.0 200
), ArticleFig(id=1209885589181174477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816724711543074, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

筋材的力学性能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料 抗拉
强度/
MPa
屈服
强度/
MPa
屈服
应变/
%
拉伸
应变/
%
弹性
模量/
GPa
CFRP_D3 2 455 1.6 154
CFRP_D6 2 266 1.6 153
CFRP_D10 2 037 1.5 136
Steel bar_D8 449 262 2.0 18.5 200
Steel bar_D10 653 441 2.0 18.0 200
Steel bar_D14 687 469 1.9 19.0 200
), ArticleFig(id=1209885589290226386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816724711543074, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Mechanical parameters of the plastic damage model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
膨胀角
α/(°)
偏心率e f b 0 f c 0 K c 黏性系数
30 0.1 1.16 0.666 7 0.000 5
), ArticleFig(id=1209885589361529557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816724711543074, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

塑性损伤模型的力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
膨胀角
α/(°)
偏心率e f b 0 f c 0 K c 黏性系数
30 0.1 1.16 0.666 7 0.000 5
), ArticleFig(id=1209885589437027033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816724711543074, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison of the ultimate bearing capacity of the test and the simulation

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试件
编号
承载力/kN 相对差值/
%
相对差值
平均值/%
相对差值总体
标准差/%
试验 模拟
GP-1 59 59.34 0.6 1.4 0.7
GP-2 108 106.69 1.2
GP-3 103 102.18 0.8
GP-4 117 119.91 2.5
GP-5 113 110.87 1.9
), ArticleFig(id=1209885589533496029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816724711543074, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

试验与模拟的极限承载力对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件
编号
承载力/kN 相对差值/
%
相对差值
平均值/%
相对差值总体
标准差/%
试验 模拟
GP-1 59 59.34 0.6 1.4 0.7
GP-2 108 106.69 1.2
GP-3 103 102.18 0.8
GP-4 117 119.91 2.5
GP-5 113 110.87 1.9
), ArticleFig(id=1209885589638353634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816724711543074, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Simulation results with different parameters

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试件编号 A/mm B/mm C/% 极限荷载/
kN
跨中位移/
mm
GP-20-1700-0 20 1 700 0 101.65 29.93
GP-30-1700-0 30 1 700 0 102.96 29.76
GP-40-1700-0 40 1 700 0 102.53 28.79
GP-50-1700-0 50 1 700 0 102.86 28.47
GP-60-1700-0 60 1 700 0 105.58 28.51
GP-70-1700-0 70 1 700 0 105.71 28.47
GP-80-1700-0 80 1 700 0 105.84 27.77
GP-40-1200-0 40 1 200 0 85.93 20.11
GP-40-1300-0 40 1 300 0 93.76 23.26
GP-40-1400-0 40 1 400 0 99.47 26.99
GP-40-1500-0 40 1 500 0 102.98 30.11
GP-40-1600-0 40 1 600 0 102.43 28.26
GP-40-1700-0 40 1 700 0 102.53 28.79
GP-40-1700-30% 40 1 700 30 96.67 22.7
GP-40-1700-45% 40 1 700 45 94.57 24.13
GP-40-1700-60% 40 1 700 60 91.85 25.76
GP-40-1700-75% 40 1 700 75 85.77 21.17
GP-40-1700-85% 40 1 700 85 78.78 18.62
), ArticleFig(id=1209885589726434022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209816724711543074, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

考虑不同参数模拟结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件编号 A/mm B/mm C/% 极限荷载/
kN
跨中位移/
mm
GP-20-1700-0 20 1 700 0 101.65 29.93
GP-30-1700-0 30 1 700 0 102.96 29.76
GP-40-1700-0 40 1 700 0 102.53 28.79
GP-50-1700-0 50 1 700 0 102.86 28.47
GP-60-1700-0 60 1 700 0 105.58 28.51
GP-70-1700-0 70 1 700 0 105.71 28.47
GP-80-1700-0 80 1 700 0 105.84 27.77
GP-40-1200-0 40 1 200 0 85.93 20.11
GP-40-1300-0 40 1 300 0 93.76 23.26
GP-40-1400-0 40 1 400 0 99.47 26.99
GP-40-1500-0 40 1 500 0 102.98 30.11
GP-40-1600-0 40 1 600 0 102.43 28.26
GP-40-1700-0 40 1 700 0 102.53 28.79
GP-40-1700-30% 40 1 700 30 96.67 22.7
GP-40-1700-45% 40 1 700 45 94.57 24.13
GP-40-1700-60% 40 1 700 60 91.85 25.76
GP-40-1700-75% 40 1 700 75 85.77 21.17
GP-40-1700-85% 40 1 700 85 78.78 18.62
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FRGM加固钢筋混凝土梁抗弯性能的有限元分析
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雷真 , 张赛 , 马慧 , 罗煜民 , 盛靖权
科学技术与工程 | 论文∙建筑科学 2025,25(19): 8167-8178
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科学技术与工程 | 论文∙建筑科学 2025, 25(19): 8167-8178
FRGM加固钢筋混凝土梁抗弯性能的有限元分析
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雷真 , 张赛, 马慧, 罗煜民, 盛靖权
作者信息
  • 云南大学建筑与规划学院, 昆明 650504
  • 雷真(1986—),男,汉族,江西吉安人,博士,副教授。研究方向:结构加固及耐久性。E-mail:

Finite Element Analysis of Flexural Properties of Reinforced Concrete Beams by FRGM
Zhen LEI , Sai ZHANG, Hui MA, Yu-min LUO, Jing-quan SHENG
Affiliations
  • School of Architecture and Planning, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
出版时间: 2025-07-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406955
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为了探究碳纤维筋增强地聚合物砂浆复合体系(carbon fiber reinforced polymer-reinforced geopolymer matrix,FRGM)增强钢筋混凝土梁的加固效果,通过数值模拟研究了FRGM体系抗弯加固钢筋混凝土梁的力学性能。包括建立三维有限元模型,模拟FRGM体系加固钢筋混凝土梁的破坏模式、特征荷载以及荷载-跨中位移曲线,以及探讨FRGM层的厚度、长度以及原试件的预损伤程度对加固效果的影响。研究结果表明,FRGM层厚度对钢筋混凝土梁极限承载力影响不明显,提升幅度为72.29%~79.38%,但其刚度有一定的提升,最高达38%;增加FRGM层长度可以提高钢筋混凝土梁的极限承载力,但随着FRGM层长度的增加,极限承载力的提升幅度逐渐减弱,且FRGM层长度与极限承载力之间不存在线性关系;相较于原构件,对钢筋混凝土梁进行预损后加固,其承载力有一定程度的提升(36.5%~73.66%),说明FRGM加固方法的有效性。

地聚合物  /  碳纤维筋  /  抗弯加固  /  有限元模型

In order to explore the strengthening effect of reinforced concrete beams strengthened by carbon fiber reinforced polymer reinforced geopolymer matrix (FRGM), the mechanical properties of reinforced concrete beams reinforced with flexural reinforcement reinforced concrete in FRGM system were studied by numerical simulation. Three-dimensional finite element models were established to simulate the failure mode, characteristic load and load-mid-span deflection curve of reinforced concrete beams reinforced by FRGM system, and the influence of the thickness and length of the FRGM layer and the pre-damage degree of the original specimen on the reinforcement effect was discussed. The results show that the thickness of the FRGM layer has no obvious effect on the ultimate bearing capacity of reinforced concrete beam, and the increase range is 72.29%~79.38%, but the stiffness of the FRGM layer is improved to a certain extent, up to 38%. The ultimate bearing capacity of reinforced concrete beams can be increased by increasing the length of the FRGM layer, but with the increase of the length of the FRGM layer, the increase of the ultimate bearing capacity gradually weakens, indicating that there is no linear increase relationship between the length of the FRGM layer and the ultimate bearing capacity. Compared with the original components, the bearing capacity of reinforced concrete beam members is improved to a certain extent after pre-damage reinforcement(36.5%~73.66%), which shows the effectiveness of FRGM reinforcement method.

geopolymer matrix  /  CFRP bar  /  bending reinforcement  /  finite element model
雷真, 张赛, 马慧, 罗煜民, 盛靖权. FRGM加固钢筋混凝土梁抗弯性能的有限元分析. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (19) : 8167 -8178 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406955
Zhen LEI, Sai ZHANG, Hui MA, Yu-min LUO, Jing-quan SHENG. Finite Element Analysis of Flexural Properties of Reinforced Concrete Beams by FRGM[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (19) : 8167 -8178 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406955
随着生活水平的不断提升,人们的环保意识逐渐提高,特别是对环境和能源消耗的重视,混凝土是使用量最大的建筑材料,是仅次于水的第二大消耗材料,绿色低碳建筑材料是中国发展低碳经济的必然选择,坚持低碳的建筑理念,改变传统的高污染和高能耗的建筑形势,从而达到人们的生活需求。在建筑行业中减少普通硅酸盐水泥(ordinary portland cement,OPC)混凝土使用的问题一直存在,再加上各个行业中工业副产品的处理问题,地聚合物黏结剂完全有可能取代OPC作为建筑行业的黏结剂。
地聚合物基体无毒、耐火、易处理、CO2排放量低、生产能耗低,而且与混凝土基材结合强度较好,不受紫外线辐射的影响。是利用各种工业固体废弃物,如粉煤灰、矿渣、钢渣、赤泥等部分或全部取代偏高岭土制备的新型碱激发地聚合物胶凝材料[1]。通常使用粉煤灰作为前驱体,研究发现,其需要热固化以确保地聚合物砂浆的早期强度发展[2]。Choi等[3]采用矿渣与粉煤灰结合,发现在地聚合物的早期阶段可以实现强度平衡,称为“渣-粉煤灰基地聚合物”。目前,这种地聚合物已成功适用于各种功能目标,如水泥黏结剂、修补剂以及各种结构构件,甚至人工骨料的生产等各个领域。Ling等[4]研究表明,与水泥基复合材料类似,普通地聚合物在拉伸和弯曲载荷下的脆性明显,因为在预硬化和硬化状态下形成的微小裂纹会扩展。纤维增强复合材料(fiber reinforced polymer/plastic,FRP)是以纤维为增强材料,以合成树脂为基体材料,并掺入适量辅助剂经成型技术形成的一种新型的环保材料。Alrefaei等[5]研究表明,在普通地聚合物中加入各种纤维可以达到减少干燥收缩率,提高延展性的效果,掺入适量的纤维也可以有效提高地聚合物的弯、拉强度和弯曲韧性。万进一[6]对纤维增强地聚合物的不同性能进行了研究,结果表明,纤维对地聚合物的性能有积极的影响,增强的效果主要取决于纤维的力学和物理性能、基体和纤维界面过渡区的结合性能以及基体的致密性和结合性。
近年来,许多学者对钢筋混凝土(reinforce concrete,RC)结构构件的加固进行了广泛的研究[7-9],为了解决恶劣的环境以及复杂的荷载情况对其工程结构在整个使用寿命周期中带来的腐蚀及损伤破坏。目前,常用的加固材料有纤维增强聚合物(FRP)[10]、超高性能混凝土(ultra-high performance concrete,UHPC)[11]、纤维增强混凝土(textile reinforced concrete,TRC)[12]、纤维增强砂浆(textile reinforced mortars,TRM)[13]等,这些新型的加固材料被应用于不同的加固场景。在性能退化的RC构件中使用FRP加固能较大程度提高其结构性能。近年来出现了纤维增强胶凝基质(fabric reinforced cementitious matrix,FRCM)作为FRP加固技术的替代方案[14],其可采用多种增强材料,包括纤维纺织品、干纤维片材、FRP格栅以及FRP筋,人们对不同的胶凝基质的FRCM加固体系的有效性进行了广泛的研究,其中碳纤维增强复合材料(carbon fiber reinforced polymer,CFRP)被广泛用于加固体系。Codina等[15]研究表明,使用CFRP板加固钢筋混凝土梁的可以有效地提高构件的刚度并延缓裂缝的发展,且使用HB-FRP(hybrid bonded fiber reinforced polymer)技术提高了CFRP板的使用效率。Yang等[16]研究表明,使用环氧树脂胶黏剂黏合预制的CFRP增强ECC板加固钢筋混凝土梁,可以有效地避免板端剥离,也验证了平面假设的可行性。但是,目前对FRGM体系加固钢筋混凝土构件性能的研究较少,且前人研究较多采用环氧树脂等有机胶黏剂将新旧体系黏结在一起,较少采用将加固层材料直接与混凝土连接。但Peng等[17]研究了FRGM体系加固RC梁的抗弯性能,研究结果表明地聚合物砂浆基体与混凝土基体之间有较好的黏结,可以取代环氧树脂等有机黏结剂,且该体系加固RC梁的加固效率较高,可提高81%~97%。因此,该体系相较于其他常见的加固方式而言,CFRP材质更轻,且地聚合物砂浆生产能耗低,与混凝土基体的结合强度较好,对于加固构件耐腐蚀能力增强。
由于使用FRGM基体加固钢筋混凝土梁可追溯的文献相对较少,且相关模型少之甚少,为准确建立CFRP筋增强地聚合物砂浆体系加固钢筋混凝土结构的模拟分析模型,基于Peng等[17]的试验研究,进行模拟并验证。旨在通过数值模拟对这一加固技术的加固机理进行深入研究,进一步分析加固后试件的破坏模式以及整体构件的性能,通过对比试验验证本文所建模型的可靠性,为进一步分析FRGM体系加固RC梁在不同的设计参数下对其抗弯性能的影响,并为实际工程应用中FRGM体系加固钢筋混凝土梁提供技术参考。
本研究参考文献[17]中的5根FRGM加固RC梁作为研究对象,试件编号为GP-1(未加加固层的对照试件)和GP-2、GP-3、GP-4、GP-5(不同加固方案加固的试件)。采用四点弯曲试验对五根试件的抗弯性能进行了研究,RC梁尺寸为2 000 mm×200 mm×200 mm(长×宽×高),纯弯曲长度为320 mm,净跨为1 800 mm。梁的纵向钢筋包括底部2ϕ10 mm钢筋和顶部2ϕ14 mm钢筋,箍筋采用ϕ8@100 mm钢筋,混凝土保护层厚度为25 mm。FRGM层尺寸为1 700 mm×200 mm×40 mm(长×宽×高)。GP-2、3、4的FRGM层分别内置7ϕ3 mm、2ϕ6 mm、2ϕ10 mm的CFRP筋,其CFRP筋总截面面积分别为49.5、56.5、157.0 mm2,GP-5的FRGM层内置7ϕ3 mm的CFRP筋并掺2%的钢纤维。此外,GP-2至SP-4的CFRP筋中心距RC梁-FRGM界面的距离分别为10、12、14 mm,SP-5的CFRP筋中心距RC梁-FRGM界面的距离为10 mm。试件的详细信息如图1所示。
其中,试验RC梁采用的混凝土圆柱体试件28 d抗压强度为59.6 MPa(圆柱体试件直径为150 mm,高为300 mm),峰值应力下混凝土的压应变为0.23%。不含钢纤维地聚合物砂浆的强度为106.3 MPa(边长为50 mm的立方体试件),掺2%的钢纤维试件28 d抗压强度为111.5 MPa。试件中采用的受拉钢筋、受压钢筋以及CFRP筋的力学性能如表1所示。
根据试验观察,GP-1因纯弯曲段顶部混凝土被压碎而破坏,除了GP-4试件,其余各试件也出现了纯弯曲段的压溃破坏。加固后的试件中,GP-2和GP-5出现了CFRP筋断裂,且GP-5的试件裂缝数量明显比其余四个试件的更多,宽度更小;GP-4的加固层发生了局部的脱粘,各试件的裂缝图如图2所示。
5组试件的开裂荷载、屈服荷载和极限荷载的汇总如图3所示。加固效果相对较为明显,与对照梁相比,加固后的试件具有更高的刚度和承载力。开裂荷载由17 kN(SP-1)增加到39 kN(SP-5),屈服荷载由34 kN(SP-1)增加到62 kN(SP-5),而极限荷载从59 kN(SP-1)增加到117 kN(SP-4)。其中,GP-2和GP-3的承载力相似是由于其加固层CFRP的弹性模量以及总截面积相近,可以发现,GP-4加固层使用的CFRP截面积为157 mm2,GP-2与GP-3加固层中CFRP筋的截面积分别为49.5 mm2和56.5 mm2,而GP-4的承载力仅略高于GP-2和GP-3的承载力,解释这一现象的原因是因为在加载后期GP-4发生了加固层与混凝土截面间的剥离,进一步阻碍了其承载力的发展。
为了更清晰地展示抗弯加固RC梁的加固效果,通过先前的研究发现,OPC和地聚合物砂浆(geopolymer concrete,GPC)具有相似的拉伸和压缩特征[18],因此本文在ABAQUS中采用塑性损伤模型来模拟其受拉和受压损伤。混凝土材料的基本力学参数泊松比设定为0.2,弹性模量(Ec)的计算式公式为
E c = 4   700 f c 1 2
式(1)中:fc为混凝土圆柱体抗压强度。
采用Hognestad[19]抛物线曲线描述其受压行为[表达式见式(2)],本构关系如图4(a)所示。
σ = f '   c 2 ε ε c - ε ε c 2
式(2)中:σ为应力;f'c为混凝土抗压强度;ε为应变;εc为峰值应力时的应变。
基于CEB-FIP规范[20],采用裂缝张开位移法表征其拉伸特征,本构关系如图4(b)所示,其中断裂能Gf的计算公式为
G f = G f 0 f c m f c m 0 0.7
式(3)中:fcm=fc+8 MPa(混凝土的平均抗压强度);fcm0=10 MPa;Gf0=0.026 N/mm(基础断裂能)。
在ABAQUS中还需要引入压缩损伤(dc)和拉伸损伤(dt),用于解释混凝土在破碎和开裂后的退化响应,计算公式为
d c = 1 - σ c f '   c
d t = 1 - σ t f '   t
混凝土塑性损伤模型中的力学参数包括膨胀角(α)、流动势偏心率(e)、双轴与单轴抗压强度比(fb0/fc0)、Kc(与屈服面状态有关)以及黏性系数(与隐式计算收敛有关),其取值如表2所示。
本文的试件所采用的钢筋包括受拉钢筋、受压钢筋以及箍筋,根据国内外大量的研究成果发现[21-23],钢筋的受拉受压应力-应变曲线基本一致,为了在ABAQUS中方便建模及简化计算,常采用简化模型进行计算,本文中钢筋的本构关系采用双线性模型,如图4(c)所示。经过大量的试验研究[24-25],CFRP筋是一种具有正交异性的线弹性材料,因此本模拟使用的是理想的线弹性本构模型,如图4(d)所示。
分别在加载点与支座处设置垫块,其作用是为了让模拟结果与实际试验结果更接近,防止应力集中以及加载点与支座位置发生局部破坏,在模拟中,不考虑垫块的变形对RC梁的影响,因此将垫块设置为刚体,其弹性模量设为2×105 MPa,泊松比设为0.2。
网格划分在有限元模拟中起着至关重要的作用,网格划分的精度将影响计算结果的准确性,合理的划分网格,不仅可以提高计算精度还可以较好的观察试件的破坏情况,另外,还需要针对不同的部件进行单独的网格划分。本文中模拟分析混凝土、钢垫块选择8节点线性缩减积分单元(C3D8R),采用结构化网格划分;地聚合物砂浆薄板选择8节点线性缩减积分单元(C3D8R),采用结构化网格划分,由于该部分的力学性能可以直观地反映加固效果,因此需要细分网格,其应力云图能更好地反映破坏形态,考虑克服沙漏问题,本文中混凝土和地聚合物砂浆所选用的单元长度为20 mm;受拉钢筋、受压钢筋、箍筋以及CFRP筋选择2节点3维桁架单元(T3D2),采用扫掠网格划分技术,为了和混凝土以及地聚合物砂浆之间有更好的协同作用,单元长度设为20 mm。各部件网格划分如图5所示。
本文中,钢筋笼与混凝土的接触以及CFRP筋与地聚合物砂浆的接触采用嵌入式约束;垫块与混凝土之间采用表面与表面接触,主面为混凝土表面,从面为垫块的表面,接触作用属性设置为摩擦接触,摩擦系数设为0.3;地聚合物砂浆与混凝土之间也设为表面与表面接触,其主面为混凝土表面,从面为地聚合物砂浆表面,为了探究地聚合物砂浆与混凝土之间接触面的相互作用,接触作用属性设置为内聚力接触模型(cohesive contact surface),对于采用内聚力接触模型中的参数取值,假设界面法向以及切向刚度值相等,且界面不同方向最大黏结应力相等。内聚力模型有三个重要参数[26],分别为界面破坏能Gc、初始界面剪切刚度K0以及局部最大剪切应力τ,采用简化后的双线型黏结-滑移模型,如图6所示,其表达式为
G c = 1 2 τ f δ f
K 0 = τ f δ 0
D = δ f ( δ m - δ 0 ) δ m ( δ f - δ 0 )
τ =   K 0 δ m   ,   δ m δ 0 ( 1 - D ) K 0 δ m   , δ 0 δ m δ f   0 , δ m δ f  
式中: δ f为界面裂缝完全形成时的相对位移; τ f为最大剪切应力; δ 0为最大剪切应力对应的相对位移; D为损伤变量(胶层材料的损伤状态); δ m为加载过程达到最大位移。
基于上述建模过程对试验梁分别建立模型,分析所得荷载-跨中位移曲线与试验结果对比如图7所示。总体来说,数值模拟结果与试验结果有较高的吻合度。模拟与试验所得的承载力对比如表3所示,其中承载力误差为0.6%~2.5%,平均值为1.4%,总体标准差为0.7%。因此,上述对比结果可以较好地模拟试件的荷载-跨中位移曲线与承载力。
在有限元模拟中,分别模拟了梁的不同损伤模式,分析结果如下:
GP-1的破坏模式为纯弯段顶部混凝土被压碎破坏,在ABAQUS中通过输出拉伸损伤云图(DAMAGEC)和压缩损伤云图(DAMAGET)可以观察到其破坏形态,如图8所示,试件两侧的变形较小,向跨中靠近逐渐增大,表现出典型的纯弯曲破坏,与试验结果较吻合。
GP-4试件并未出现受弯区顶部混凝土压碎,而出现了加固层的剥离,在ABAQUS中通过输出拉伸损伤云图(DAMAGEC)、压缩损伤云图(DAMAGET)以及接触面的最大拉伸损伤判据云图(CSMAXSCRT)观察其破坏形态,如图9所示,可以看到FRGM加固层底部跨中受拉较为严重,损伤达到了92.6%,剥离现象主要出现在剪切段,分析此现象的原因,由于GP-4试件加固层中的CFRP筋直径为10 mm,导致其比表面积减小,在相同的拉伸应变下,需要更大的黏结力才能阻碍剥离现象的发生,此结果也与试验吻合。
GP-2的破坏模式通过输出拉伸损伤云图(DAMAGEC)、压缩损伤云图(DAMAGET)以及纤维韧性损伤判据云图(DUCTCRT)观察其破坏形态,如图10所示,可以看到试件顶部跨中的受压损伤达到了88.6%,发生了压溃破坏,底部在跨中段发生了CFRP筋断裂失效。
GP-3的破坏模式通过输出拉伸损伤云图(DAMAGEC)和压缩损伤云图(DAMAGET)观察其破坏形态,如图11所示,可以看出试件的裂缝数量较GP-2的多。
GP-5的破坏模式通过输出拉伸损伤云图(DAMAGEC)、压缩损伤云图(DAMAGET)以及纤维韧性损伤判据云图(DUCTCRT)观察其破坏形态,如图12所示,可以看到混凝土顶部被压溃破坏,受压损伤达到了94.7%,加固层由于纤维的桥接作用使裂缝数量更多且密集,CFRP筋在弯剪段发生断裂,与试验结果吻合。
综上,从荷载-跨中位移曲线、特征荷载、破坏模式和裂纹分布等方面验证了有限元方法的可靠性,可以看出模拟结果与试验结果吻合度较高,误差在可接受范围内,本文所建立的有限元模型对FRGM基加固RC梁的模拟分析是正确可行的。
Tang等[27]研究了加固层中FRP筋的尺寸对加固效果的影响,研究结果表明,增加FRP筋的直径其承载力会有一定程度的提升,但当FRP筋的直径大于60 mm2时,将导致破坏模式由混凝土破碎转变为FRP筋的剥离,从而削弱加固效果;改变FRP筋中心到黏结界面的距离,所有的数据点都聚集在对角线周围,说明试件的行为和破坏模式基本一致,可以得出结论,FRP筋位置的变化对试件的加固效果影响微乎其微。
因此,基于已验证的数值模型,以GP-3为参考模型,研究FRGM体系加固RC梁在不同的设计参数下受四点加载的受弯性能影响。研究的主要参数包括:FRGM层的厚度、长度以及RC梁试件预损伤程度。试件的编号形式为“GP-A-B-C ”,其中,“A”代表FRGM层的厚度(20、30、40、50、60、70、80 mm);“B”代表FRGM层的长度(1 200、1 300、1 400、1 500、1 600、1 700 mm);“C”代表RC梁的预损伤程度(30%、45%、60%、75%、85%)。计算结果如表4所示。
使用有限元模拟得到的荷载-跨中位移曲线如图13所示,可以看出,使用不同厚度加固的RC梁构件的荷载-跨中位移曲线趋势基本一致,随着加固层厚度的增加,极限荷载提升不明显,与未加固构件相比,加固层厚度从20 mm增加到80 mm,极限承载力提升了72.29%~79.38%,说明加固层厚度对其极限承载力的影响不明显,但开裂荷载由21 kN增加到了40 kN,说明随着加固层厚度的增加,荷载-跨中位移的斜率不断增大,因此,增加加固层厚度可以提高RC梁的刚度。
图14可以看出,使用不同长度加固的RC梁构件的荷载-跨中位移曲线趋势基本是相同的,随着加固层长度的增加,极限荷载逐渐增大。当加固层长度为1 200 mm时,极限承载力最小,当加固层长度为1 700 mm时,极限承载力最大。当加固层从1 200 mm增加到1 700 mm时,极限承载力提高的较为明显,与未加固构件相比,加固层长度从1 200 mm增加到1 700 mm,极限承载力提升了45.6%~73.78%,但随着加固层长度的增加,极限承载力的提升幅度逐渐减小,说明了加固层厚度与极限承载力之间不存在线性增加关系。当加固层长度变化时,RC梁的荷载-位移曲线斜率变化不大,说明加固层长度对其刚度的影响不明显。
本小节探讨了原梁损伤程度对RC梁加固后抗弯承载力的影响。在ABAQUS有限元软件中通过利用Interaction模块中的“Model change”功能实现原梁的损伤效果,如图15所示。在首次受力过程中,选择“Deactivated in this step”,暂时移除FRGM层单元集的作用,此步骤是模拟还未加固的情形,使模型仅反映原始RC梁的受力情况;随后,通过在“Model change”中选择“Reactivated in this step”,重新激活先前“杀死”的FRGM单元集,从而模拟加固层的作用以开展二次受力。
有限元模拟得到的荷载-位移曲线如图16所示。随着原梁损伤程度的增加,RC梁极限承载力在原梁损伤程度为0时达到最大值,随后逐渐降低,表明随着对原梁预加荷载的增大,纵向受拉钢筋达到屈服强度,加固层不能立即与原结构协同受力,出现了加固层的应变滞后以及原结构的应变累计现象,导致加固后构件的承载能力降低,极限承载力提高幅度逐渐降低,从而削弱了加固效果。屈服荷载也呈下降趋势,这是由于对原梁的预加荷载越大,受拉钢筋承受的荷载就越大,在加固之后CFRP筋承受的荷载就越小,对延缓受拉钢筋拉应变增长的作用就越小,从而降低了构件的屈服荷载。与未加固构件相比,使用FRGM加固提高了RC梁的抗弯能力,极限承载力增加了36.5%~73.66%,表现了FRGM加固方法的有效性。但是,由于预损伤的存在,加固后构件的延性在一定程度上受到了限制。总体而言,预损伤的存在会削弱加固效果,但是构件的承载力仍得到了一定的提高。
采用有限元模拟的方法对FRGM基加固钢筋混凝土梁的抗弯性能进行了研究。基于5根试验梁,通过模拟荷载-跨中位移曲线、特征荷载和破坏模式验证了本文模拟方法的有效性。进一步研究了加固层厚度、长度以及原梁的损伤程度对其抗弯性能的影响。结果表明:
(1)采用ABAQUS有限元分析软件对RC梁的整个受力过程进行了模拟分析,得到荷载-跨中位移曲线以及破坏模式与试验结果吻合度较好,验证了该数值模拟方法的有效性,可用于进一步研究。
(2)增加加固层厚度对RC梁极限承载力影响不明显,提升幅度在72.29%~79.38%,但其刚度有一定的提升,最高达38%。增加加固层长度可以提高RC梁的极限承载力,随着加固层长度的增加,极限承载力的提升幅度从45.6%增加到73.78%,但加固层长度达到构件长度的3/4时,极限承载力逐渐趋于稳定,说明加固层长度与极限承载力之间不存在线性关系。
(3)RC梁的预损伤程度对其承载力及延性有重要影响,相较于原RC梁,加固后RC梁的承载力有一定程度的提升,说明了使用FRGM加固的有效性。随着原梁预损伤程度的增加,加固后构件的刚度及延性都略有降低。由于损伤的存在,使得梁的塑性变形无法恢复,以及加固层的应变滞后,不能同时参与受力,从而使得极限承载力的提高率降低。
本文研究基于静力荷载作用下使用FRGM基体加固RC梁的抗弯性能研究,在实际工程中,待加固构件一般承受着多种外力因素和作用,对该加固体系能否有效延长构件的使用寿命周期还需要进一步研究。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52268038)
  • 云南省应用基础研究计划面上项目(202201A070159)
  • 云南大学专业学位研究生实践创新项目(ZC-23234426)
  • 云南省兴滇英才支持计划青年人才专项
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2025年第25卷第19期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406955
  • 接收时间:2024-09-17
  • 首发时间:2025-12-22
  • 出版时间:2025-07-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-17
  • 修回日期:2025-01-07
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国家自然科学基金(52268038)
云南省应用基础研究计划面上项目(202201A070159)
云南大学专业学位研究生实践创新项目(ZC-23234426)
云南省兴滇英才支持计划青年人才专项
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    云南大学建筑与规划学院, 昆明 650504
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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