Article(id=1209816723117707470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1209811339510411616, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406056, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1723478400000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-13, revisedDate=1735747200000, revisedDateStr=2025-01-02, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766372384099, onlineDateStr=2025-12-22, pubDate=1751904000000, pubDateStr=2025-07-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766372384099, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766372384099, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766372384099, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1209811339510411616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='19', pageStart='7885', pageEnd='8315', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766371100547, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766373228996, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1209820266960654935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1209811339510411616, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1209820266960654936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1209811339510411616, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=8226, endPage=8232, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1209816723549720800, articleId=1209816723117707470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Simulation and Analysis of Wind and Snow Flow Field under the Action of Wind Deflector along Karamay-Tacheng Railway in Xinjiang, columnId=1209816723440668890, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers∙Traffics and Transportations, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to prevent and control the snow drifting disaster along the Karamay-Tacheng Railway in northwest of Xinjiang, numerical simulation method was adopted to study the influence of different height and angle parameters of wind deflector on the snow flow field around a given railway embankment in 50-year recurrence period in this paper. The results show that increasing the angle between the wind deflector and the prevailing wind direction will weaken its effect on snow dispersion in the 50-year recurrence period. When the angle is set to 60°, the snow dispersion effect is the best. Increasing the height of the wind deflector will increase the coverage of the acceleration zone, which is more conducive to disperse snow flow and reduce the probability of snow particle accumulation. When the height is set to 2 m, it's a cost-effective solution.

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于雪涛(1984—),男,汉族,河北唐县人,博士,副教授。研究方向:交通气象。E-mail:

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于雪涛(1984—),男,汉族,河北唐县人,博士,副教授。研究方向:交通气象。E-mail:

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于雪涛(1984—),男,汉族,河北唐县人,博士,副教授。研究方向:交通气象。E-mail:

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Working conditions of air deflector during numerical simulation

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组别 工况 高度/m 角度/(°)
第1组 工况1 0.2 60
工况2 75
工况3 90
工况4 105
第2组 工况1 0.15 60
工况2 0.20
工况3 0.25
工况4 0.30
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数值模拟时导风板工况设置

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 工况 高度/m 角度/(°)
第1组 工况1 0.2 60
工况2 75
工况3 90
工况4 105
第2组 工况1 0.15 60
工况2 0.20
工况3 0.25
工况4 0.30
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Wind distribution on railway subgrade surface

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位置 迎风侧
路肩
背风侧
路肩
路基面
中心
迎风侧
坡脚
背风侧
坡脚
风速 23.31 25.47 20.32 2.76 3.12
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铁路路基表面风速分布情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
位置 迎风侧
路肩
背风侧
路肩
路基面
中心
迎风侧
坡脚
背风侧
坡脚
风速 23.31 25.47 20.32 2.76 3.12
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新疆克塔铁路沿线导风板作用下风雪流场的仿真分析
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于雪涛 1, 2 , 刘梦珂 1 , 刘庆宽 3, 4 , 司新奇 1 , 杨强强 5
科学技术与工程 | 论文∙交通运输 2025,25(19): 8226-8232
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科学技术与工程 | 论文∙交通运输 2025, 25(19): 8226-8232
新疆克塔铁路沿线导风板作用下风雪流场的仿真分析
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于雪涛1, 2 , 刘梦珂1, 刘庆宽3, 4, 司新奇1, 杨强强5
作者信息
  • 1 石家庄铁道大学交通运输学院, 石家庄 050043
  • 2 石家庄铁道大学, 河北省交通安全与控制重点实验室, 石家庄 050043
  • 3 石家庄铁道大学土木工程学院, 石家庄 050043
  • 4 河北省风工程和风能利用工程技术创新中心, 石家庄 050043
  • 5 山西晋通公路工程监理有限公司, 晋城 048026
  • 于雪涛(1984—),男,汉族,河北唐县人,博士,副教授。研究方向:交通气象。E-mail:

Simulation and Analysis of Wind and Snow Flow Field under the Action of Wind Deflector along Karamay-Tacheng Railway in Xinjiang
Xue-tao YU1, 2 , Meng-ke LIU1, Qing-kuan LIU3, 4, Xin-qi SI1, Qiang-qiang YANG5
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Traffic and Transportation, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043, China
  • 2 Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety and Control of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043, China
  • 3 School of Civil Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043, China
  • 4 Innovation Center for Wind Engineering and Wind Energy Technology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050043, China
  • 5 Shanxi Jintong Highway Engineering Supervision Co., Ltd., Jincheng 048026, China
出版时间: 2025-07-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406056
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冬季时风吹雪灾害给位于中国新疆西北地区的克塔铁路(克拉玛依—塔城)的安全运营带来极大的障碍,为了防治该灾害,采用数值模拟方法,研究了克塔铁路沿线50年重现期风速下导风板不同高度和角度设计参数对既定铁路路堤周围风雪流场的影响以及路堤周围的积雪分布情况。结果表明:在50年重现期风速下,增大导风板与主风向的布设角度,会减弱导风板对风雪流的输导作用。导风板角度设置为60°时,呈现出最佳的导雪效果。增加导风板的布设高度,会增大其加速区覆盖范围,此时更有利于风雪流顺利通过,从而降低雪颗粒的堆积概率。导风板高度设置为2 m时,具有较高的性价比。
导风板  /  风吹雪  /  重现期  /  风雪防护

In order to prevent and control the snow drifting disaster along the Karamay-Tacheng Railway in northwest of Xinjiang, numerical simulation method was adopted to study the influence of different height and angle parameters of wind deflector on the snow flow field around a given railway embankment in 50-year recurrence period in this paper. The results show that increasing the angle between the wind deflector and the prevailing wind direction will weaken its effect on snow dispersion in the 50-year recurrence period. When the angle is set to 60°, the snow dispersion effect is the best. Increasing the height of the wind deflector will increase the coverage of the acceleration zone, which is more conducive to disperse snow flow and reduce the probability of snow particle accumulation. When the height is set to 2 m, it's a cost-effective solution.

wind deflector  /  snow drifting  /  return period  /  snow protection
于雪涛, 刘梦珂, 刘庆宽, 司新奇, 杨强强. 新疆克塔铁路沿线导风板作用下风雪流场的仿真分析. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (19) : 8226 -8232 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406056
Xue-tao YU, Meng-ke LIU, Qing-kuan LIU, Xin-qi SI, Qiang-qiang YANG. Simulation and Analysis of Wind and Snow Flow Field under the Action of Wind Deflector along Karamay-Tacheng Railway in Xinjiang[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (19) : 8226 -8232 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406056
风吹雪是近地面空气将雪颗粒从一地搬运至另一地的自然现象,在自然界中较为常见,是一种非常典型的两相流体运动[1]。中国风吹雪灾害地区面积占国土总面积的55%以上,其中西北、西南、东北等地风吹雪灾害较为严重,尤其是新疆、内蒙古地区风吹雪灾害发生非常频繁[2]。风雪流在经过路堤时,受到路堤的阻挡作用会在路堤周围形成弱风区或涡旋,使得处在风雪流中的雪颗粒发生沉积,在路堤周围形成堆积,引发风吹雪灾害。
新疆克塔铁路(克拉玛依—塔城)作为中国通往中亚及欧洲的第三条铁路大通道,对于带动铁路沿线社会经济发展,加快“丝绸之路经济带”核心区建设具有重要的现实意义。然而,新疆作为风吹雪灾害的重灾区,因灾造成的雪阻和能见度下降等严重威胁着铁路的行车安全[3]。为此,孙元春等[4]分析了克塔铁路沿线的风吹雪特征,并对其危害分区进行了评价。为了防治风吹雪灾害,路政部门等经常会采取一定的工程或生物防治措施。工程防治主要包括布设防雪栅栏、防雪网、阻雪堤、挡雪墙、储雪壕、导风板等;生物防治主要是种植防雪林等[5-7]。其中的布设导风板工程可以改变主风向与铁路的夹角,间接降低风速,从而使积雪形成较小的沉积范围,以此达到降低风吹雪灾害的影响效果[8]
王中隆[9]针对中国天山艾肯达坂的风雪流形成条件,采用风洞和野外实测方法,创造了透风式下的导风防雪工程,改变了该地段公路因冬半年雪阻无法通车的状况。胡朋等[10]采用有限元方法分析了牧区道路导风板前后的风速场,得出了导风板的安装方法和安装效果。程建军等[11]采用三维数值计算分析方法和现场实测方法,揭示了风沙地带铁路沿线下导风板输沙工程措施对线路过境风沙流的输导效果及其控制机理,得出:风速越大,其输沙效果越显著。此后,为提高铁路沿线前倾式下导风工程的输导效果,陈柏羽等[12]运用数值模拟方法优化了导风板的局部外形,并分析了前后布设导风工程控制下的风沙流场。张超等[13]采用现场实测方法探究了流动沙丘中上部不同倾角导风板背部区域的风速特性和输沙量特征。
针对克塔铁路沿线风吹雪灾害的防治,杨旭[14]和罗新文[15]利用既有气象数据,从定性和定量的角度,分析比较了克塔铁路老风口方案和玛依塔斯方案,并从铁路建设和安全运营角度考虑,得出:玛依塔斯方案优于老风口方案。李博[16]详细介绍了克塔铁路沿线以自动监测为主、人工监测为辅的风吹雪监测方法,从而为现场各工点制定行之有效的防护措施提供技术保障。骆颜等[17-18]采用WRF中尺度天气数值模拟,预测了不同路段发生风吹雪灾害的概率,并采用模糊综合评价法,得出了不同路基形式发生风吹雪灾害的可能性及严重程度。李飞强[19]在新疆老风口-玛依塔斯地区,针对不同类型导风板对路堑积雪分布的影响进行了现场实测研究,得出:导风板倾角对路堑流场、雪相浓度以及沉积区域长度影响较大。
以上学者虽然研究了不同倾角导风板对风沙、风雪的输导效果,但是没有研究如何系统地利用导风板防治新疆克塔铁路沿线的风吹雪灾害。拟以新疆克塔铁路为研究对象,应用计算机模拟仿真软件Fluent,研究既定路堤断面形式下不同角度和不同高度导风板工况时路堤及导风板周围的流场分布和风速分布,并通过对计算结果的分析,最终得到导风板的适宜布设参数。
新疆地处亚欧大陆腹地,冬季时间较长且天气寒冷,风吹雪灾害频发。克塔铁路位于新疆维吾尔族西北部,起始站在克拉玛依市,终点站在塔城地区托里县,线路从奎北铁路的预留站百口泉车站引出,向北依次穿越克拉玛依油田和百口泉油田,线路跨越G217线、达尔布特河以及克阿高速公路,全长约为291 km。克塔铁路设有五个站点,分别是克拉玛依站、铁厂沟站、额敏站、塔城站以及巴克图口岸,铁路沿线风吹雪灾害非常严重[20]
以新疆克塔铁路为研究对象,针对沿线的风吹雪灾害问题,立足于采用导风板进行防治,以期得到其适宜的布设参数。开展研究前,需确定研究区50年重现期的基本风速。Yu等[21]曾基于“中国地面国际交换站气候资料日值数据集(v3.0)”提取了新疆64个站点1968—2016年共49年期间冬季(1、2、3、11、12月五个月内)的最大风速,并采用极值Ⅰ型耿贝尔曲线,按50年重现期,计算了各个站点的基本风速,最后将计算结果导入至GIS软件进行插值,得到了新疆地区50年重现期冬季基本风速分布图。由该研究得知:克塔铁路全线50年重现期基本风速均处于19~21 m/s,其中沿线大部分风速为20 m/s,基于此,采用20 m/s作为基本风速,对克塔铁路沿线布设不同参数的导风板防治风吹雪灾害的效果进行研究。
导风板通过改变铁路路基面周围流场,加大路基面近地面风速,从而使雪粒顺利通过路基面,不产生堆积,降低风吹雪灾害。本文中主要模拟导风板的角度及高度参数对路堤流场分布的影响,因此在建模阶段主要考虑路堤模型、导风板、进口、出口以及计算域边界的建模。建模时所有工况拟选择二维模型。
路堤结构模型根据实际工程现场情况,以1∶10的比例尺寸还原典型路基断面参数。路基表面线路宽度为0.8 m,路堤高度为0.2 m,风速入口距离路堤迎风侧坡脚为路堤高度H的50倍;风速出口距离路堤背风侧坡脚为路堤高度的100倍;整个计算域高度为路堤高度的10倍,使计算域范围对流场不产生影响,以确保计算的准确性,其余设计参数均根据实验需求进行设置。为更好地匹配仿真模型,要求采用结构化网格对计算域进行划分,第一层网格高度设置为0.015 m,网格增长率设置在1~1.02,网格总数量超过19万。最终计算域设置情况如图1所示。
(1) 模型入口边界条件。在风吹雪运动中,由于风的作用周期较长,因此,在计算中假设风速不随时间发生变化,即风是匀速的。对于离地高度和风速之间的关系问题,不少学者将其量化为函数曲线,即平均风速剖面模型。在数值模拟中,风速变化规律主要用两种模型来表示,分别为对数率风剖面模型和指数率风剖面模型。在近地大气边界层中,两种模型描述平均风剖面的结果相差很小。考虑到计算成本,拟采用指数率方法。结合克塔铁路沿线实际情况,可确定克塔铁路沿线地面粗糙类别为B类,即:田野、乡村、丛林、丘陵以及房屋比较稀疏的乡镇。此外,模型入口处还需考虑湍动能与湍动能耗散率。
(2) 模型出口边界条件。由于流动,出口的压力等是未知的,因此出口边界拟选用压力出口边界条件,相比其他出口边界更容易达到收敛状态。
(3) 模型顶部边界条件。顶部边界条件采用对称边界条件。
(4) 模型底部边界条件。底部边界条件采用无滑移壁面边界条件。
其中,湍动能、湍流耗散率以及指数率风剖面均通过Fluent的UDF (user-defined functions)功能导入Fluent软件,作为初始边界条件。
导风板是一种带尖缘的钝体,气流经过时在其两端受到挤压从而产生分离,在导风板的上下两端会形成加速区。在靠近地面一侧,对来流中的雪颗粒起到增速作用,使其顺利通过路堤顶面。由于受到铁路路堤结构的影响,铁路附近的流场会发生明显变化,加速区尾部受到影响会向上扬起,导致无法覆盖整个路堤结构,在铁路后方会形成大范围的回流区。导风板背部流场将会产生明显的涡旋结构,形成减速区,此处的涡旋结构已远离路堤顶面,不会造成路堤顶面积雪。在导风工程中,对风吹雪效果影响较大的因素包括导风板的高度和角度,因此,本文主要拟对这两个影响因素进行模拟分析。
根据实际工程情况,随着导风板高度和角度的变化,导风板的作用效果也会发生变化。当导风板的高度越高时,其导风作用的范围就越大,路基表面的风雪流加速效果也会越明显。但由于风雪流在垂直方向上的风速变化情况,一般情况下,随着导风板高度的增加,导风板的作用效果增幅也会越来越差。所以,导风板高度一般在2~3 m。
本文中按照1∶10对导风板进行缩尺。即在模型中,当导风板角度为变量时,导风板高度设置为0.2 m,其中导风板角度选取60°、75°、90°、105°;当导风板高度为变量时,导风板角度设置为60°,导风板高度选取0.15、0.20、0.25、0.30 m。为了更方便地分析结果,对两个方向的位置做无量纲处理。数值模拟工况情况如表1所示。
按照以上第1组工况,对不同角度下导风板周围的流场进行仿真,仿真的不同角度下导风板周围流场分布结果如图2所示。对距路堤0.01、0.03、0.05 m高度处风速值进行提取并形成点线图,则不同角度下导风板路堤表面风速的仿真结果如图3所示。
图2图3可以看出,随着导风板角度的变化,迎风侧坡脚处流场并没有明显变化,而路肩处风速随着角度的增大而增大,在105°时,路肩处风速可达22.5 m/s,有利于雪颗粒通过;在导风板角度为60°时,路肩处风速大于15 m/s,雪颗粒在路基表面已不易造成堆积。在背风侧,路肩处风速范围在15~17 m/s,对风吹雪的影响并不明显,而坡脚处流场变化较明显;导风板在105°时,背部流场分布明显区别于90°以内的导风板背部流场,且小于5 m/s的弱风区域相比其他角度导风板形成的弱风区范围明显较大,说明此时背部积雪情况比较严重。
按照以上第2组工况,对不同高度下的导风板周围流场进行仿真,仿真的不同高度下导风板周围流场分布结果如图4所示。对距路堤0.01、0.03、0.05 m高度处风速值进行提取并形成点线图,则不同高度下导风板路堤表面风速的仿真结果如图5所示。
图4图5看出,随着导风板高度逐渐增大,迎风侧坡脚以及路肩处风速变化不大,流场分布大致相同。从路堤顶面来看,随着导风板高度增大,路堤面最小风速逐渐增大。导风板高度为0.15 m时,靠近背风侧处风速低于15 m/s;在导风板高度为0.3 m时,最小风速大于15 m/s,此时更有利于雪颗粒通过路堤结构。从背风侧来看,在导风板高度为0.15 m时,背风侧大部分区域风速小于5 m/s,这有利于雪颗粒堆积。随着高度增加,背风侧风速逐渐增大,此时不利于积雪沉积。综合考虑到材料成本和导雪效果,导风板高度设计为2 m时,已经能够满足当地要求。
为了研究导风板作用下铁路路堤的积雪分布情况,本节设置导风板角度为60°、距离路堤高度为2 m,通过分析路堤附近的风速分布来对积雪情况进行说明。本次数值模拟试验路堤参数设置如下:路基面宽为8 m,迎风坡及背风坡边坡坡度为1∶1.5,路堤高度为2 m,10 m处高度来流风速为20 m/s,导风板角度为60°。选用二维矩形计算域,模型距计算域入口100 m,距出口200 m,计算域上边界与地面距离为100 m,边界条件、湍动能与湍动能耗散率设置与前文设置相同。划分网格时,保持近壁面网格尺寸与之前相同,取0.015 m,网格增长率为1.02,在路堤附近对网格进行加密。此处,也是按照1∶10对导风板进行缩尺。经仿真后,导风板周围流场分布、迎风坡及背风坡的风速等值线分布如图6~图8所示。
在50年重现期风速即10 m处高度风速为20 m/s时,对铁路路堤离地0.1 m高度处风速大小数值进行提取,具体统计情况如表2所示。
当风速大于雪颗粒的起动风速时,雪颗粒会随着气流移动不易堆积。根据相关研究,新疆当地雪颗粒的起动风速为5 m/s[14]。由图7图8表2可知:迎风侧边坡小于5 m/s风速范围为1 m,背风侧边坡小于5 m/s风速范围为0.5 m。因此可得出:导风板对路基表面流场的加速作用明显,导风板的防雪效果明显。
针对新疆西北地区的克塔铁路,采用Fluent软件,对50年重现期风速下铁路沿线不同角度和高度参数导风板作用下的风雪流场进行了仿真分析,得出如下结论。
(1)导风板安装角度对其导雪作用的影响规律与对流场的影响规律大致相同。增大导风板的角度,将使得路堤背部弱风区域增大,也即导风板对风雪流的输导作用减弱。当有足够的风雪流时,会使积雪增多,加重铁路的雪害。因此在布设导风板时,应选取前倾式,即导风板与风速来流方向夹角应小于90°。在本研究中,导风板与风速来流方向夹角为60°时,呈现出最好的导雪效果。
(2)导风板安装高度对其导雪作用的影响规律与对流场的影响规律也大致相同。导风板高度过小时,将会造成路堤背风侧完全处于弱风区内,使得积雪蔓延,加重铁路的雪害。增大导风板的高度,将使导风板的加速区覆盖范围增大,这更有利于风雪流顺利通过。因此应适当加高导风板,才能使导风板发挥出更好的导雪效果。在本研究中,导风板高度设置为2 m时,已经能够满足当地需求,此时具有较高的性价比。
以上研究,为克塔铁路沿线风吹雪灾害重灾区布设适宜的导风板等防风雪设施,使其发挥最佳的防风雪效果,提供了重要的理论依据和技术支撑。因此,该研究对于克塔铁路沿线的风吹雪灾害防治,保障铁路的运营安全,具有重要的现实意义。由于风吹雪流场的复杂性以及数值模拟方法的局限性,接下来可进一步结合风洞试验或实地观测等以验证论文的研究结果。
  • 河北省社会科学基金(HB21SH015)
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2025年第25卷第19期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406056
  • 接收时间:2024-08-13
  • 首发时间:2025-12-22
  • 出版时间:2025-07-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-13
  • 修回日期:2025-01-02
基金
河北省社会科学基金(HB21SH015)
作者信息
    1 石家庄铁道大学交通运输学院, 石家庄 050043
    2 石家庄铁道大学, 河北省交通安全与控制重点实验室, 石家庄 050043
    3 石家庄铁道大学土木工程学院, 石家庄 050043
    4 河北省风工程和风能利用工程技术创新中心, 石家庄 050043
    5 山西晋通公路工程监理有限公司, 晋城 048026
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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