Article(id=1209811347206967329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1209811339510411616, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405079, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1720281600000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-07, revisedDate=1734624000000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766371102382, onlineDateStr=2025-12-22, pubDate=1751904000000, pubDateStr=2025-07-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766371102382, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766371102382, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766371102382, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1209811339510411616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='19', pageStart='7885', pageEnd='8315', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766371100547, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766373228996, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1209820266960654935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1209811339510411616, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1209820266960654936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1209811339510411616, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=8034, endPage=8040, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1209811348112937058, articleId=1209811347206967329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Calculation of Filtration Loss of Fracturing Fluid in Low-permeability Reservoirs Based on ABAQUS, columnId=1209811346359710128, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers∙Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to explore the problem of fracturing fluid filtration in the process of open hole fracturing, based on the classical filtration model, combined with the two-dimensional model of hydraulic fracturing, ABAQUS finite element software was used for simulation calculation. It is found that in the initial stage of fracture propagation, the pore pressure increases rapidly and increased linearly, and the filtration loss of fracturing fluid also increase rapidly, which is the initial stage of fracture propagation. With the continuous injection of fracturing fluid, the increasing trend of pore pressure becomes slower, and the filtration loss of fracturing fluid also increases slowly. As the crack width gradually widens, it is the crack propagation stage. In the later stage of fracture propagation, when the fracture length reaches a certain length, the change of pore pressure is gradually stable, and the filtration loss of fracturing fluid is slightly reduced compared with the pressure holding state and the fracture propagation stage. In the whole process, the calculation of filtration loss takes into account the dynamic expansion of cracks, which is of certain significance for the actual engineering filtration situation.

, correspAuthors=Bing SHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jie SU, Bing SHAO, Yong-liang ZHANG, Zhan-you SA, Jie LIU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1209811352198189376, articleId=1209811347206967329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=基于ABAQUS的低渗透储层压裂液滤失计算, columnId=1209811346607174075, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文∙石油、天然气工业, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究裸眼压裂过程中,压裂液滤失的问题,在经典滤失模型的基础上,结合水力压裂二维模型,运用ABAQUS有限元软件进行模拟计算。研究发现:裂缝扩展初期,孔隙压力迅速增大,近似呈线性增长,压裂液的滤失量也随着迅速上升,此时为裂缝扩展初期阶段;随压裂液的持续注入,孔隙压力增大趋势变缓,压裂液滤失量也缓慢增大,随着裂缝宽度逐渐变宽,此时为裂缝扩展阶段;当裂缝扩展后期,裂缝长度达到一定长度后,孔隙压力变化也逐渐稳定,压裂液滤失量相对于憋压状态和裂缝扩展阶段略有减少。整个过程中,滤失量的计算考虑了裂缝动态扩展,对于实际工程上滤失情况具有一定意义。

, correspAuthors=邵兵, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*邵兵(1987—),男,汉族,山东青岛人,博士,副教授。研究方向:环境与安全化工防护。E-mail:
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苏杰(1999—),男,汉族,山东济南人,硕士研究生。研究方向:环境与安全化工防护。E-mail:

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苏杰(1999—),男,汉族,山东济南人,硕士研究生。研究方向:环境与安全化工防护。E-mail:

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苏杰(1999—),男,汉族,山东济南人,硕士研究生。研究方向:环境与安全化工防护。E-mail:

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Beijing: China University of Petroleum (Beijing), 2020., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1209888930665730691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811347206967329, awardId=52374209, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(52374209), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1209888930732839557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811347206967329, awardId=ZR2023ME012, language=CN, fundingSource=山东省自然科学基金(ZR2023ME012), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1209888925473182019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811347206967329, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1209888925494153542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811347206967329, companyId=1209888925473182019, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1209888925523513671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811347206967329, companyId=1209888925473182019, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=青岛理工大学机械与汽车工程学院, 青岛 266520)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1209888927851352573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811347206967329, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Fracturing fluid filtration area diagram, figureFileSmall=wNcWvYVMHZrWHQZ4MxysmQ==, figureFileBig=hbXqAIwPQpXW9eL2gdfiNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209888927964598787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811347206967329, language=CN, label=图1, caption=压裂液滤失区域示意图

Pf代表裂缝间压力,该压力由泵入压裂液是产生;Pw代表滤饼区压力,该压力受裂缝压力和滤饼阻碍的影响;Pc代表侵入区压力,反映压裂液侵入储层后压力的变化;Pr代表储层自身的地层压力,是未受压裂工艺影响时地层的压力

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language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Reservoir material parameters

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序号 参数名称 数值
1 储层长度/m 50
2 储层宽度/m 50
3 Cohesive黏结单元长度/m 45
4 初始裂缝长度/m 1.0
5 施工时间/s 60
6 储层密度/103 kg 2.6
7 储层弹性模量/1010 Pa 1.5
8 储层泊松比 0.25
9 储层渗透系数/(10-7 m·s-1) 1.0
10 储层孔隙比 0.1
), ArticleFig(id=1209888930309214834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811347206967329, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

储层材料参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 参数名称 数值
1 储层长度/m 50
2 储层宽度/m 50
3 Cohesive黏结单元长度/m 45
4 初始裂缝长度/m 1.0
5 施工时间/s 60
6 储层密度/103 kg 2.6
7 储层弹性模量/1010 Pa 1.5
8 储层泊松比 0.25
9 储层渗透系数/(10-7 m·s-1) 1.0
10 储层孔隙比 0.1
), ArticleFig(id=1209888930384712311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811347206967329, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Cohesive unit material parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 参数名称 数值
1 Cohesive单元弹性刚度系数/1010 Pa 1.5
2 Cohesive单元法向强度/106 Pa 5.0
3 Cohesive单元切向强度/107 Pa 5.0
4 Cohesive单元法向断裂能/J 25
5 Cohesive单元切向断裂能/J 25
6 Cohesive单元滤失系数/(10-14 m·s-1) 1.0
7 Cohesive单元黏度/(10-3 Pa·s) 1.0
8 水平最大主应力/107 Pa 1.6
9 水平最小主应力/106 Pa 8
), ArticleFig(id=1209888930468598397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811347206967329, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

Cohesive单元材料参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 参数名称 数值
1 Cohesive单元弹性刚度系数/1010 Pa 1.5
2 Cohesive单元法向强度/106 Pa 5.0
3 Cohesive单元切向强度/107 Pa 5.0
4 Cohesive单元法向断裂能/J 25
5 Cohesive单元切向断裂能/J 25
6 Cohesive单元滤失系数/(10-14 m·s-1) 1.0
7 Cohesive单元黏度/(10-3 Pa·s) 1.0
8 水平最大主应力/107 Pa 1.6
9 水平最小主应力/106 Pa 8
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基于ABAQUS的低渗透储层压裂液滤失计算
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苏杰 , 邵兵 * , 张永亮 , 撒占友 , 刘杰
科学技术与工程 | 论文∙石油、天然气工业 2025,25(19): 8034-8040
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科学技术与工程 | 论文∙石油、天然气工业 2025, 25(19): 8034-8040
基于ABAQUS的低渗透储层压裂液滤失计算
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苏杰 , 邵兵* , 张永亮, 撒占友, 刘杰
作者信息
  • 青岛理工大学机械与汽车工程学院, 青岛 266520
  • 苏杰(1999—),男,汉族,山东济南人,硕士研究生。研究方向:环境与安全化工防护。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*邵兵(1987—),男,汉族,山东青岛人,博士,副教授。研究方向:环境与安全化工防护。E-mail:
Calculation of Filtration Loss of Fracturing Fluid in Low-permeability Reservoirs Based on ABAQUS
Jie SU , Bing SHAO* , Yong-liang ZHANG, Zhan-you SA, Jie LIU
Affiliations
  • College of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
出版时间: 2025-07-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405079
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为探究裸眼压裂过程中,压裂液滤失的问题,在经典滤失模型的基础上,结合水力压裂二维模型,运用ABAQUS有限元软件进行模拟计算。研究发现:裂缝扩展初期,孔隙压力迅速增大,近似呈线性增长,压裂液的滤失量也随着迅速上升,此时为裂缝扩展初期阶段;随压裂液的持续注入,孔隙压力增大趋势变缓,压裂液滤失量也缓慢增大,随着裂缝宽度逐渐变宽,此时为裂缝扩展阶段;当裂缝扩展后期,裂缝长度达到一定长度后,孔隙压力变化也逐渐稳定,压裂液滤失量相对于憋压状态和裂缝扩展阶段略有减少。整个过程中,滤失量的计算考虑了裂缝动态扩展,对于实际工程上滤失情况具有一定意义。

裂缝扩展  /  压裂液滤失  /  ABAQUS  /  数值模拟

In order to explore the problem of fracturing fluid filtration in the process of open hole fracturing, based on the classical filtration model, combined with the two-dimensional model of hydraulic fracturing, ABAQUS finite element software was used for simulation calculation. It is found that in the initial stage of fracture propagation, the pore pressure increases rapidly and increased linearly, and the filtration loss of fracturing fluid also increase rapidly, which is the initial stage of fracture propagation. With the continuous injection of fracturing fluid, the increasing trend of pore pressure becomes slower, and the filtration loss of fracturing fluid also increases slowly. As the crack width gradually widens, it is the crack propagation stage. In the later stage of fracture propagation, when the fracture length reaches a certain length, the change of pore pressure is gradually stable, and the filtration loss of fracturing fluid is slightly reduced compared with the pressure holding state and the fracture propagation stage. In the whole process, the calculation of filtration loss takes into account the dynamic expansion of cracks, which is of certain significance for the actual engineering filtration situation.

fracture extension  /  fracturing fluid filtration loss  /  ABAQUS  /  numerical simulation
苏杰, 邵兵, 张永亮, 撒占友, 刘杰. 基于ABAQUS的低渗透储层压裂液滤失计算. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (19) : 8034 -8040 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405079
Jie SU, Bing SHAO, Yong-liang ZHANG, Zhan-you SA, Jie LIU. Calculation of Filtration Loss of Fracturing Fluid in Low-permeability Reservoirs Based on ABAQUS[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (19) : 8034 -8040 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405079
裸眼压裂过程中压裂液滤失量是影响产油的重要因素之一。在压裂过程中,裂缝长度和宽度会不断变长、变宽,滤失区域会缓慢扩大,带来的是滤失量的不断增加[1-5]。目前,对于压裂液滤失量的计算方法,一是采用滤失系数描述压裂液流经滤饼区、侵入区、压缩区的滤失过程;二是建立双重介质滤失模型,忽视滤饼的存在,通过介质间的流量交换来描述滤失过程中压裂液的滤失量等[6-9]
在过去的20年里,研究人员建立了不同的滤失模型来计算压裂液的滤失量。Brown[10]以牛顿流体为主,对复杂裂缝中的流体流动进行分析研究。刘建华等[11]研究了储层孔隙度、渗透率对压裂液滤失量的影响,并得出结论孔隙度也是影响压裂液滤失量的关键因素。任岚等[12]通过建立射孔井筒岩石破裂模型,分析了井筒变形程度、射孔参数对岩石破裂压力及裂缝扩展的影响,并得到结论井筒变形程度对岩石的破裂压力有着重要影响。罗攀等[13]运用古典五点隐式差分法求解裂缝动态扩展状态下的压裂液滤失模型,结果表明裂缝扩展阶段,压裂液滤失量会随裂缝的增长而增大。夏富国等[14]通过对含天然裂缝储层的研究,建立了含天然裂缝的压裂液滤失模型,并得到了累计滤失量与天然裂缝的临界缝宽成反比的关系。曲建麟[15]考虑了压裂液的幂律特性以及压裂过程中所产生的滤饼,建立了裂缝-基质双重介质的压裂液滤失模型,并考虑了温度这一影响因素对压裂液滤失的影响。Jia等[16]通过求解幂律滤失方程,得到滤失率与初始裂缝孔径、裂缝倾角、裂缝尺寸等之间的关系。Shahri等[17]建立了光滑可断裂、可任意角度变形的滤失模型,研究了不同倾斜角度下的压裂液滤失。李勇明等[18-21]基于Warren-Root模型建立压裂液滤失计算模型,研究了压裂液沿天然裂缝和地层的渗滤。
通过经典滤失模型与水力压裂模型相结合方式,通过孔隙压力的变化量来客观呈现压裂液的滤失量。
水力压裂过程中随裂缝长度的变化压裂液也会逐渐滤失,岩层中也逐渐形成3个区域,即滤饼区、侵入区、油层区,如图1压裂液滤失示意图所示。滤饼区的形成是由于裂缝内外压力差的存在,致使压裂液滤失到岩层基质中,而压裂液中携带的加砂颗粒会被填充到裂缝缝隙中,逐渐形成内滤饼;滤饼厚度的不断增加,逐渐形成了由压裂液的造壁性控制为主的内滤饼和外滤饼组成的滤饼区;接着压裂液侵入地层,形成以压裂液黏度控制为主的侵入区;残存的广大区域成为以地层流体压缩和流动控制为主的储层区,又称为压缩区。
Cohesive单元是一种基于Traction-Separation Law下的一种黏聚力模型,最常用的是双线性本构模型。描述了线弹性阶段和刚度线性降低软化阶段的材料变化。
ABAQUS有限元软件中嵌入cohesive单元,常用的有最大名义力准则和二次名义力准则,本文中采用最大名义力准则判断裂缝是否起裂。当任意一个方向的拉应变达到其临界值时,cohesive单元发生破坏,表明裂缝开始起裂。
当cohesive单元任意方向上的应力值超过所给临界值时,单元发生损坏,可表达为
m a x t n t n 0 , t s t s 0 , t t t t 0 = 1
式(1)中:<tn>为法向应力,MPa; t n 0为法向所能承受的极限应力,MPa;tstt为切向应力,MPa; t s 0 t t 0为切向方向所能承受的极限应力,MPa。
本文中假设压裂液为不可压缩流体,在cohesive单元中共有两种流动方向,一个是沿cohesive单元切向流动,流动方程[22]
$q=-\frac{w^{3}}{12 \mu} \nabla p$
式(2)中:q为切向方向流动流量;$ \nabla p$为最大主应力方向孔压梯度;w为裂缝扩展宽度;μ为压裂液黏度度。
另一个是在单元上下表面的法向流动。由于裂缝扩展阶段的裂缝宽度远远小于裂缝长度,所以流体主要以切向流动为主导,但压裂液的滤失多是通过法向流动流入地层,其具体方程表示为
q t = c t ( p i - p t ) q b = c b ( p i - p b )
式(3)中:qtqb分别为法向方向的上、下表面流动流量; ctcb为上、下表面滤失系数;ptpb为上、下表面孔压;pi为cohesive单元中的流体压力。
裂缝在扩展过程中的压裂液滤失量除了受裂缝扩展前后的压力影响外,还与注入压裂液的排量、地层的渗透率、压裂液黏度以及裂缝扩展的宽度等因素有关。其滤失速度具体表达式[23]
$V_{\mathrm{i}}=\frac{K_{\mathrm{d}}}{\mu_{\mathrm{e}}} \frac{P_{\mathrm{f}}-P_{\mathrm{i}}}{\Delta y_{\mathrm{i}}}$
式(4)中:Vi为压裂液不同步长下的滤失速度m/s;Kd为压裂地层的渗透率,m2;μe为压裂液有效黏度,Pa·s;Pf为裂缝扩展过程中的压力,Pa;Pi为压裂前油藏压力,Pa;Δyiy方向裂缝扩展长度。
参照文献[24]中疏松砂岩压裂实验,建立岩心处压裂滤失仿真模型,岩心压裂模型的规格为100 m×50 m,初始裂缝为双向设置,如图2(a)所示,长度均为3 m。一般情况下,砂岩性质为均质分布,裂缝在均质砂岩中更容易扩展。为了探究裂缝扩展过程中压裂液的滤失规律,建立如图2所示的模型,网格单元偏心因子大于0.2,在网格划分完成后,对两个区域单元类型进行定义。网格采用结构化网格并局部加密方式,网格总数量为91 605,其中,模型岩石单元采用CPE4P单元,共计91 439个单元;预制裂缝cohesive单元采用COH2D4P单元,共计166个单元,模型网格划分图如图2(b)所示。
为了验证数值模拟方法的可靠性,建立了与物理模拟实验数据一致的数值仿真模型,模拟同一条件下压裂液的滤失速率和滤失量。模型所用参数为:压裂液黏度为0.01 Pa·s,砂岩渗透率为460 mD,注入压裂液的体积流量均为0.001,井筒所受围压为10 MPa,如图3所示。
模拟结果与物理实验结果对比如图4图5所示。从图4中可以看出数值模拟与物理实验所得滤失速率整体趋势大体一致;图5中实验数据滤失量近似为线性滤失,实验样本岩心为人为制作,内部为均匀分布状态,考虑到数值模拟滤失量无法精确模拟真实工况下压裂液滤失,所得的数值模拟滤失量整体趋势与物理实验下得到的滤失量趋势近似相同。通过滤失速率与滤失量的对比,说明采用数字模拟的方法得到的压裂液滤失规律具有较高的可靠性。
以大庆油田某低渗透储层区域为例,建立平面模型,如图6所示。
通过运用数值模拟方法验证室内试验,得出结论:数值模拟方法对分析压裂液滤失规律具有可靠性。此次模拟压裂液滤失忽略低渗透出层裂缝间的相互干扰。模型尺寸设为50 m×50 m,本次选取在Y方向边的中心位置进行射孔,射孔长度为45 m,忽略其余方向对射孔的影响,所以将边界条件设置为0位移边界,考虑到模型是对称分布,因此射孔边界采用对称约束,具体模型参数见表1表2
压裂液滤失主要发生是在裂缝扩展过程中,需要预制初始裂缝,并赋予黏性单元属性。因此,在网格划分过程中,应将预制裂缝划分为cohesive单元,并对该单元层尺寸划分紧密,远离cohesive单元层的网格尺寸逐渐稀疏,这样可以提高模拟精度,模拟出结果更符合实际效果。
在网格划分完成后,对两个区域单元类型进行定义。网格单元偏心因子大于0.2,网格采用结构化网格并局部加密方式,网格总数量:15 928,其中模型岩石单元采用CPE4P单元,共计15 743;预制裂缝cohesive单元采用COH2D4P单元,共计185个单元,模型网格划分图如图7所示。
在step分析步中主要设置两步:第一步为地应力平衡阶段,模型采用超静水压力系统,即空隙压力为零,则地应力施加为有效地应力。第二步是设置压裂液注入阶段,将一定黏度的压裂液注入地层模拟裂缝起裂扩展,注入时间为60 s。
通过对建好的模型进行仿真计算,并对结果进行分析。
图8为裂缝在扩展过程中开始和结束时刻的孔压云图,从图8中可以看出,裂缝扩展沿最大主应力方向进行延伸,初始时刻,处于憋压状态,此时孔隙压力最大,在裂缝尖端处孔隙压力呈椭圆形分布;结束时刻,裂缝扩展结束,相应的孔隙压力呈阶梯式下降分布。
图9所示为注入点孔隙压力随时间变化曲线,从图9中可以看出,注入点的孔隙压力在1 s时急剧上升,并在2 s时达到整个过程中孔隙压力的最高值7.8 MPa,此后孔隙压力又急剧下降2.48 MPa,孔隙压力急剧增长和急剧下降阶段即为裂缝起裂阶段,且从曲线图得知裂缝起裂压力为7.8 MPa。此后孔隙压力缓慢均匀上升,在结束时刻孔隙压力稳定在7.02 MPa。
图10为注入点裂缝宽度随时间变化曲线,从图10可以看出裂缝宽度整体随时间呈增长态势,压裂液注入的前4 s中裂缝宽度急剧增长,到第4秒时裂缝宽度为15 mm;随后裂缝宽度平缓增加,在第10秒后裂缝宽度整体又呈线性增长,并在注入点最终时刻裂缝宽度达到最宽状态,此时裂缝宽度为49 mm左右。
图11为注入点处在裂缝扩展中,压裂液滤失速度和注入点累积滤失量随时间的变化曲线。裂缝扩展初期,压裂液滤失速度速度大幅下降,所对应的滤失量急剧增加,裂缝扩展后期,滤失速度呈缓慢趋势下降,对应的滤失量也缓慢增加。随着裂缝扩展,裂缝的内外压差变小,缝内孔压也逐渐平稳,滤失速度和累积滤失量也逐渐稳定,最终注入点的累计滤失量为3.8×10-7 m3/m2
图12为不同排量下注入点处的滤失速度和累积滤失量曲线,从图12可知,随着排量的增大,滤失速度和累积滤失量也随着增大,这是因为排量的大小不同,导致裂缝内净压力不同,排量越大,净压力就越大,导致内外压差越大,从而滤失速度和滤失量增大。
通过对模型计算,得到以下结论。
(1)Abaqus有限元软件模拟引文实验的结果与引文实验结果误差较小,并且通过该仿真软件模拟二维单缝的压裂液滤失得到了很好的验证。
(2)裂缝扩展初期阶段,注入点处滤失速度会因为孔隙压力的急剧增大而增大,导致注入点累计滤失量急剧变大。
(3)裂缝扩展中后期阶段,由于裂缝的内外差变小,且趋于稳定阶段,注入点处滤失速度缓慢降低,滤失量也相应的缓慢增加。
(4)排量是影响滤失量的重要因素,随着排量的增大,裂缝内净压力会增大,滤失量也因此增大。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52374209)
  • 山东省自然科学基金(ZR2023ME012)
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405079
  • 接收时间:2024-07-07
  • 首发时间:2025-12-22
  • 出版时间:2025-07-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-07
  • 修回日期:2024-12-20
基金
国家自然科学基金(52374209)
山东省自然科学基金(ZR2023ME012)
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    青岛理工大学机械与汽车工程学院, 青岛 266520

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*邵兵(1987—),男,汉族,山东青岛人,博士,副教授。研究方向:环境与安全化工防护。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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