Article(id=1209811346389079028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1209811339510411616, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405238, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1720713600000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-12, revisedDate=1731772800000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-17, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766371102187, onlineDateStr=2025-12-22, pubDate=1751904000000, pubDateStr=2025-07-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766371102187, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766371102187, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766371102187, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1209811339510411616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='19', pageStart='7885', pageEnd='8315', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766371100547, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766373228996, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1209820266960654935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1209811339510411616, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1209820266960654936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1209811339510411616, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=8003, endPage=8012, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1209811349031489680, articleId=1209811346389079028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Surface Deformation Law of Thick Loose Layer Strip Goaf after Grouting, columnId=1209811348519784568, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers∙Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To study the surface deformation law of insufficient mining goaf with thick loose layers after grouting, and evaluate the effectiveness of grouting and filling method in treating strip goaf areas, taking a thick loose layer strip goaf of Daizhuang Coal Mine in Jining as an example, theoretical analysis, numerical calculation, surface deformation observation, and deep rock optical fiber monitoring methods were used to compare and analyze the surface deformation laws of the goaf before and after grouting treatment. The results show these as follows. Under the influence of superposition of strip type insufficient mining in the goaf of thick loose layer, the subsidence of goaf decreases during the active period of surface movement, while the residual deformation increases in the later period, the maximum total subsidence of goaf is 611.8 mm and the residual subsidence is 157.8~288.1 mm by using probability integral method and numerical calculation, the surface residual deformation of goaf has great influence on the proposed high-rise buildings. The cumulative subsidence of the surface in the goaf treated by grouting filling method during observation period after grouting is -5.6~-1.5 mm. The comprehensive analysis of deep distributed optical fiber monitoring and surface leveling observation shows that the subsidence of the overlying rock in the goaf after grouting is less than 1 mm/a, and the analysis shows that the surface deformation after grouting is mainly caused by the settlement of the upper thick loose layer. The adoption of grouting filling method can significantly shorten the movement time of overlying strata in the goaf and effectively reduce the deformation of deep strata in the goaf, calculate and analyze the surface deformation value after grouting tends to be stable, the goaf site is in a stable state, and the grouting treatment effect is good, meeting the needs of high-strength engineering construction. The research results can provide guidance for surface deformation prediction, site stability evaluation and treatment effect detection after grouting in goaf under similar conditions.

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赵文(1990—),男,汉族,河南驻马店人,硕士,工程师。研究方向:煤田地质灾害治理。E-mail:

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2 中煤科工循环产业研究院(山东)有限公司, 济宁 272000, bio={"content":"

赵文(1990—),男,汉族,河南驻马店人,硕士,工程师。研究方向:煤田地质灾害治理。E-mail:

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赵文(1990—),男,汉族,河南驻马店人,硕士,工程师。研究方向:煤田地质灾害治理。E-mail:

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Mining time of working faces in project area

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工作面
编号
开采时间
开始 结束 历时/d
7334 2013年10月12日 2013年12月27日 76
7338 2014年02月05日 2014年05月16日 100
7330 2014年05月07日 2014年06月08日 32
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项目区各工作面开采时间统计

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工作面
编号
开采时间
开始 结束 历时/d
7334 2013年10月12日 2013年12月27日 76
7338 2014年02月05日 2014年05月16日 100
7330 2014年05月07日 2014年06月08日 32
), ArticleFig(id=1209888932196643544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811346389079028, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Physical and mechanical parameters of model strata

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模型地层 密度/(kg·m-3) 体积模量/MPa 剪切模量/MPa 黏聚力/MPa 内摩擦角/(°) 抗拉强度/MPa
黏性土 1.94 9.16 3.51 0.032 15.73 0
中粗砂 2.03 11.08 5.12 0.056 21.6 0
黏土 2.00 12.70 6.20 0.059 21.14 0
中粗砂 2.01 12.17 6.17 0.060 22.25 0
黏性土 1.96 13.51 6.23 0.072 21.85 0
泥岩 2.56 4.69×103 2.95×103 1.1500 32.00 1.30
砂质泥岩 2.50 4.63×103 2.91×103 1.740 35.00 1.28
铝质泥岩 2.51 5.06×103 3.04×103 1.560 33.00 1.36
中细砂岩 2.49 5.76×103 3.29×103 3.070 38.00 1.50
中粗砂岩 2.46 7.08×103 3.46×103 3.200 40.00 1.52
1.30 910 470 0.200 25.00 0.25
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模型地层物理力学参数

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模型地层 密度/(kg·m-3) 体积模量/MPa 剪切模量/MPa 黏聚力/MPa 内摩擦角/(°) 抗拉强度/MPa
黏性土 1.94 9.16 3.51 0.032 15.73 0
中粗砂 2.03 11.08 5.12 0.056 21.6 0
黏土 2.00 12.70 6.20 0.059 21.14 0
中粗砂 2.01 12.17 6.17 0.060 22.25 0
黏性土 1.96 13.51 6.23 0.072 21.85 0
泥岩 2.56 4.69×103 2.95×103 1.1500 32.00 1.30
砂质泥岩 2.50 4.63×103 2.91×103 1.740 35.00 1.28
铝质泥岩 2.51 5.06×103 3.04×103 1.560 33.00 1.36
中细砂岩 2.49 5.76×103 3.29×103 3.070 38.00 1.50
中粗砂岩 2.46 7.08×103 3.46×103 3.200 40.00 1.52
1.30 910 470 0.200 25.00 0.25
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厚松散层条带采空区工后地表变形规律
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科学技术与工程 | 论文∙矿冶工程 2025,25(19): 8003-8012
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科学技术与工程 | 论文∙矿冶工程 2025, 25(19): 8003-8012
厚松散层条带采空区工后地表变形规律
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赵文1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 中煤科工生态环境科技有限公司, 北京 100013
  • 2 中煤科工循环产业研究院(山东)有限公司, 济宁 272000
  • 赵文(1990—),男,汉族,河南驻马店人,硕士,工程师。研究方向:煤田地质灾害治理。E-mail:

Surface Deformation Law of Thick Loose Layer Strip Goaf after Grouting
Wen ZHAO1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1 China Coal Technology & Engineering Ecological Environment Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China
  • 2 China Coal Technology & Engineering Circular Industry Research Institute(Shandong)Co., Ltd., Jining 272000, China
出版时间: 2025-07-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405238
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为研究厚松散层非充分开采采空区工后地表变形规律,评价注浆充填法治理厚松散层条带采空区效果;以济宁岱庄煤矿厚松散层条带采空区为例,采用理论分析、数值计算、地表变形观测和深部岩层光纤监测等方法,对注浆治理前后的采空区地表变形规律对比分析。结果表明:①厚松散层采空区叠加条带式非充分开采影响,地表移动活跃期下沉量减少,后期残余变形占比增大,采用概率积分法和数值计算综合分析采空区地表最大总沉降量为611.8 mm,残余沉降量为157.8~288.1 mm,采空区地表残余变形对场地拟建高层建筑群影响大;②采用注浆充填法治理后的采空区地表在工后观测期间累计下沉量为-5.6~-1.5 mm,采用深部分布式光纤监测和地表水准观测综合得出工后采空区覆岩沉降量小于1 mm/a,分析得出工后地表变形主要由上部厚松散层沉降引起;③采用注浆充填法可显著缩短采空区上覆岩层移动稳定时间,有效降低采空区深部岩层变形量,计算分析工后地表变形值趋于稳定,采空区场地处于稳定状态,注浆治理效果良好,满足高强度工程建设需要。研究成果可为类似条件采空区地表变形预测、场地稳定性评价及工后治理效果检测提供指导。
厚松散层  /  条带采空区  /  注浆治理  /  地表变形  /  光纤监测

To study the surface deformation law of insufficient mining goaf with thick loose layers after grouting, and evaluate the effectiveness of grouting and filling method in treating strip goaf areas, taking a thick loose layer strip goaf of Daizhuang Coal Mine in Jining as an example, theoretical analysis, numerical calculation, surface deformation observation, and deep rock optical fiber monitoring methods were used to compare and analyze the surface deformation laws of the goaf before and after grouting treatment. The results show these as follows. Under the influence of superposition of strip type insufficient mining in the goaf of thick loose layer, the subsidence of goaf decreases during the active period of surface movement, while the residual deformation increases in the later period, the maximum total subsidence of goaf is 611.8 mm and the residual subsidence is 157.8~288.1 mm by using probability integral method and numerical calculation, the surface residual deformation of goaf has great influence on the proposed high-rise buildings. The cumulative subsidence of the surface in the goaf treated by grouting filling method during observation period after grouting is -5.6~-1.5 mm. The comprehensive analysis of deep distributed optical fiber monitoring and surface leveling observation shows that the subsidence of the overlying rock in the goaf after grouting is less than 1 mm/a, and the analysis shows that the surface deformation after grouting is mainly caused by the settlement of the upper thick loose layer. The adoption of grouting filling method can significantly shorten the movement time of overlying strata in the goaf and effectively reduce the deformation of deep strata in the goaf, calculate and analyze the surface deformation value after grouting tends to be stable, the goaf site is in a stable state, and the grouting treatment effect is good, meeting the needs of high-strength engineering construction. The research results can provide guidance for surface deformation prediction, site stability evaluation and treatment effect detection after grouting in goaf under similar conditions.

thick loose layer  /  strip goaf  /  grouting treatment  /  surface deformation  /  optical fiber monitoring
赵文. 厚松散层条带采空区工后地表变形规律. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (19) : 8003 -8012 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405238
Wen ZHAO. Surface Deformation Law of Thick Loose Layer Strip Goaf after Grouting[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (19) : 8003 -8012 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405238
中国华北平原城市近郊村庄下压煤开采形成大范围厚松散层条带采煤沉陷区,受采空区地表变形影响,采煤沉陷区地基不满足高强度工程建设需要,限制了城市开发建设空间。为保障采空区地表拟建建筑物安全,众多学者[1-2]开展了采空区场地稳定性评价和治理技术研究,提出深部采空区治理优选注浆充填法。贾新果等[3]提出基于变形监测评价采空区注浆治理效果。张志沛等[4]采用数值模拟结合现场监测评价采空区注浆治理效果。邓喀中等[5]、崔希民等[6-7]对采空区地表变形进行了分析预测。桂智琛等[8]基于时序合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术(interferometric synthetic aperture radar,InSAR)对关闭矿井地表残余沉降进行监测分析。夏筱红等[9]分析了厚松散层采空区地表变形规律。针对深埋采空区,受上部厚松散层沉降变形影响,仅靠地表变形观测难以准确评价工后治理效果。为进一步查明深部覆岩变形,研究人员基于分布式光纤传感技术开展了采空区覆岩变形监测实践。施斌等[10]基于光纤监测建立岩土体灾变智能识别系统。张丹等[11]采用布里渊光时域反射(brillouin optical time domain reflectometer, BOTDR)分布式光纤传感技术监测和分析煤层采动过程覆岩变形规律。柴敬等[12]提出光纤-岩体的耦合性判据,并建立岩层变形光纤监测模型。侯公羽等[13]介绍了分布式光纤传感技术在采空区地层沉陷变形方面的监测预警应用。
厚松散层条带采空区地表变形影响因素较为复杂,其地表变形规律较难准确预测;有必要对全地层变形规律尤其是工后变形规律开展进一步研究。以济宁岱庄煤矿采空区注浆治理为背景,结合数值模拟、地表观测和深部光纤监测,开展采空区工后全地层变形规律研究。为采空区工后地表残余变形预测、场地稳定性评价及注浆治理效果检测提供科学指导。
济宁岱庄煤矿采用条带式开采村庄下压煤,工作面宽50 m,煤柱宽100 m,采厚2.8 m。采空区分布如图1所示。项目区各工作面开采时间如表1所示。
采空区埋深514.6~582.0 m;其中松散层厚度251.5~261.8 m;基岩厚度247.5~321.9 m。场区揭露地层由老到新为二叠系下统山西组(P1s)、下石盒子组(P1sh2),二叠系上统上石盒子组(P2sh1)及第四系(Q),地质剖面如图2所示。
覆岩“三带”发育特征明显,弯曲下沉带发育至地表,实测导水裂缝带高度18.9~77.7 m[14]。采空区场地处于不稳定-基本稳定状态,为保障顺利建设高层建筑群,采用注浆充填法治理采空区。
采空区注浆治理后,拟建重要工程应开展长期变形监测,查明采空区工后地表变形规律,检测采空区治理效果[15]。依据关键部位优先、兼顾全面的原则,在项目区地表布设8条测线,共计80个观测点,观测点间距25~50 m。测线布置如图3所示。
济宁市位于华北平原厚松散堆积层地区,因季节性地下水位变化、矿井水抽排等原因,济宁市地面最大沉降速率曾达到31.5 mm/a[16]。对于中国华北平原厚松散层采空区,地表变形受厚松散层沉降变形影响较大,仅通过地表观测方法无法区分采空区注浆治理层位深部覆岩变形和上部松散层固结沉降变形,难以准确评价采空区注浆治理效果。
为科学评价采空区注浆治理效果,分析采空区深部岩层注浆层段变形规律;沿7334工作面走向施工长距离定向钻孔,钻孔进尺825 m,垂深518 m。沿定向钻孔全孔植入分布式光纤,对采空区基岩注浆段变形进行长期监测,光纤布置如图4所示。
分布式光纤监测技术具有测量精度高,响应速度快、传输距离远,以及可实现分层测量等优点,已在采空区覆岩变形监测中得到应用[10-13]。但在深部采空区定向钻孔内植入多根光纤难度大,光纤成活率较低;尤其在长距离大倾角定向钻孔内植入分布式光纤尚属中国首例,存在较大技术难度。本项目采用创新研制的长距离大倾角定向光纤引导装置及植入工艺方法[17],一次性成功植入多根光纤,成活率100%。本次光纤安装条件复杂,优选具备较高抗拉、抗弯、抗折能力的金属基索状结构应变感测光纤(图4),光纤外包高强度金属加强件,显著提高光纤抗拉强度至2 kN以上,能够抵御耦合材料封孔过程中注浆造成的冲击力和浆液凝固产生的拉力,可直接植入到耦合浆液中。
光纤下放至设计位置后,采用地层耦合材料注浆封孔,光纤传感器表面螺纹结构使得自身与封孔材料有良好的耦合性,确保光纤与地层协调变形。根据以往光纤植入经验,在注浆封孔及耦合浆液凝固期间,光纤失活风险高。在封孔期间及后续48 h,全程监测光纤受力,监测结果如图5所示。
图5可知,封孔注浆结束后,受耦合浆液凝固影响,光纤受力小幅波动,最大拉力不足50 N,远低于光纤抗拉强度2 350 N。所选用耦合剂不会造成光纤失活,适用性良好。封孔浆液凝固后,采集光纤应变分布数据作为初值,后续定期监测光纤应变,分析采空区基岩段应变分布规律。
煤层开采阶段,在项目区布设81个地表变形观测点,观测工作面回采前后地表变形规律,测线c布置如图6所示。
2013年6月—2015年4月,测线c(测点c51~c81)累计沉降如图7所示。
测线c最大沉降点为c63,位于7334工作面正上方,累计沉降量为121 mm。
地表移动延续期受平均采深、松散层厚度和基岩层厚度的影响[18-19]。厚松散层矿区与一般矿区相比,地表移动初始期更短,很快进入活跃期,衰退期较长[20-21];叠加条带式非充分开采影响,后期残余变形占比更高。根据规范[15]地表移动延续时间曲线,结合观测资料分析,测线c观测结束时累计发生变形量约占预计总变形量的62.9%。
目前常用的地表移动计算方法有概率积分法、负指数函数法、典型曲线法和数值计算分析法等。概率积分法具有参数易确定、实用性强等优点,在各矿区使用比较广泛[21];数值计算分析法是复杂条件项目常用预测方法;分别采用这两种方法计算预测采空区地表变形。
1)概率积分法
开采水平及缓倾斜煤层(煤层倾角α<15°)时,采空区地表移动下沉值[15]计算公式为
W ( x , y ) = W c m D 1 r 2 e - π ( η - x ) 2 + ( ξ - y ) 2 r 2 d η d ξ
式(1)中:(x,y)为计算点相对坐标(考虑拐点偏移距),m;Wcm为充分采动条件下地表最大下沉值,mm;D为开采煤层区域,m2;ηζ为积分变量,代表在平面区域D内的横纵坐标;r为等价计算工作面的主要影响半径,m。
地表最大下沉值计算公式为
W f m = M q n c o s α  
式(2)中:Wfm为非充分采动地表最大下沉值,mm;M为煤层采厚,M=2 800 mm;α为煤层倾角,取α=6°;q为下沉系数,取q=0.75;n为地表充分采动系数。n=(n1n3)0.5,n1=k1D1/H0,n3=k3D3/H0,n1n3大于1时取1;k1k3为与覆岩岩性有关的系数,取0.85;H0为采空区埋深,平均538.8 m;D1D3为工作面倾向及走向长度,m。
依据式(2)计算预测地表最大总下沉值为328.8~600.2 mm,平均568.9 mm。
根据规范经验值推算,截止地表观测结束已发生下沉量占比62.9%,约357.8 mm;而根据测线c实测值推算项目区已发生最大下沉量仅约260 mm。表明受条带式非充分开采叠加影响,活跃期下沉量减少,衰退期变形量增加,尤其后期残余变形占比大。结合地表实测资料,预测治理前地表残余下沉值为157.8~288.1 mm,平均273.1 mm。
2)数值计算分析法
采用FLAC3D计算分析采空区地表变形,模型地层物理力学参数如表2所示。长期状态覆岩垂向位移模拟结果如图8所示。
采空区上覆岩层分层沉降曲线从下往上由3个U形逐渐减缓成单一沉降盆地形式。采空区地表最大总沉降量为611.8 mm,治理前已发生沉降量为382.9 mm,计算采空区地表最大残余沉降量为228.9 mm。
数值计算得出注浆前已发生沉降量仅占总沉降量的62.6%,低于以往经验值。再次验证厚松散层条带采空区活跃期下沉量减少,地表残余沉降变形较大。
对比可知,两种计算方法预测结果一致。综合分析采空区地表最大残余下沉量为157.8~288.1 mm。地表沉降计算结果如图9所示。
注浆治理后,对项目区8条测线开展了23次沉降观测,观测周期2.5年。选择代表性的测线1、2和3进行分析,累计下沉量如图10所示。
2021年1月—2023年6月,测线1各测点累计下沉-4.4~-2.1 mm,平均下沉量-3.3 mm。测线2各测点累计下沉-3.2~-1.5 mm,平均下沉量-2.2 mm。测线3各测点累计下沉-5.6~-2.1 mm,平均下沉量-3.4 mm。各测点工后累计下沉量均小于10 mm。
由实测绘制地表下沉时程曲线,如图11所示。测线1各测点下沉速率为-0.005~0.003 mm/d,平均下沉速率-0.003 mm/d。测线2各测点下沉速率为-0.004~-0.002 mm/d,平均下沉速率为-0.002 mm/d。测线3各测点下沉速率为-0.007~-0.002 mm/d,平均下沉速率-0.003 mm/d。观测结果表明,治理后采空区地表下沉速率小于0.1 mm/d,前期地表下沉速率波动较大,观测后期下沉速率逐渐降低并趋于平稳。
为验证项目区场地满足工程建设要求,沿治理后新建变电站地基环绕布置测线8,实测累计下沉值为-3.2 ~-1.7 mm,未超建筑物允许变形量。
光纤植入成功并采集初始值后,以钻孔内1#应变感测光纤为例,前3次监测结果如图12所示。
受温度变化影响,钻孔孔口30 m范围内光纤应变较大,进入基岩段光纤应变在-323~265 με,基岩段最大应变位于采空区垮落带,光纤最大压应变-323 με,最大拉应变265 με。
1#光纤观测期间累计应变分布如图13所示。由图13可知,钻孔内光纤自孔口向下30 m范围内应变受温度影响,30~50 m范围为光缆应变过渡段,50 m以下光纤整体处于压缩状态,与采空区地层处于下沉移动状态吻合。根据光纤应变监测数据和所选用光纤技术参数,通过分段积分法将应变换算为位移量,测试结果表明,采空区弯曲下沉带变形量均小于1.0 mm;导水裂缝带有两段变形量稍高于其他岩层,在垂深483~487 m层段,压缩变形量为1.0~1.6 mm,在垂深490~494 m层段,拉伸变形量为1.0~1.3 mm,其他层位变形量均小于1.0 mm。在埋深487~490 m层位存在1~2 mm位移量,该岩层位于采空区垮落带。在基岩段弯曲下沉带光纤应变分布曲线平滑,应变变化平缓,无突变位置,表明岩层受力状态平稳,治理后的采空区上覆岩层处于稳定状态。
综上,分布式光纤监测技术空间分辨率高、测量应变范围大,且光纤体积小、质量轻,便于通过钻孔埋入方式植入采空区深部岩层中,应用于采空区覆岩变形监测具有技术优势,不仅可以监测岩层的沉降变形大小,还能精确定位深部移动岩层的层位和深度[22],为采空区治理效果检测提供直观可靠依据。因此,光纤监测技术可从采空区变形产生的根源上进行早预测、预警,确保地表建筑物安全。
此外,在注浆结束后的孔口套管上增设6个观测点T1~T6,孔口套管浇筑固定至稳定基岩。截至2023年6月,各钻孔监测点的年累计变形量在-0.7~0.5 mm,下沉速率-0.001~0.001 mm/d。对比可知,采空区基岩变形量显著小于地表下沉量,基岩处于稳定状态。基岩年累计变形量小于1.0 mm,这与光纤监测基岩变形值吻合。
以往对煤层开采过程中的地表变形规律研究较多,对于开采结束后的厚松散层条带采空区地表长期变形规律研究较少。实测结果表明,常规地质条件开采地表移动和变形预计方法不再适用于厚松散层条带式非充分开采地表移动和变形预计[23],厚松散层条带采空区地表移动规律不同于规范[15]经验,尤其地表移动衰退期变形占比增加,采空区残余变形对地表拟建建筑物影响大。采用注浆充填法治理后,地表沉降速率小,场地处于稳定状态。通过地表观测和深部覆岩监测对比分析,基岩变形量不足1.0 mm/a,明显小于松散层变形量,工后采空区地表变形主要由上部厚松散层沉降引起,基岩段处于稳定状态。结合实测数据,采用概率积分法和数值计算分析,工后地表残余下沉量最大值16 mm,残余倾斜最大值0.06 mm/m,残余水平变形最大值0.06 mm/m,符合拟建建筑物地基变形要求。
观测结果表明地表变形指标值趋于定值,符合规范[15]要求的采空区稳定场地下沉速率≤0.17 mm/d,工后采空区场地处于稳定状态。对比注浆前地表变形分析预测结果,注浆后地表残余变形大幅降低94.5%,工后地表观测点累计下沉量<10 mm,地表下沉速率<0.1 mm/d,评价采空区注浆治理效果良好,满足工程建设需要。
(1)采用概率积分法和数值计算分析得出注浆前项目区地表最大总沉降量为611.8 mm,预测最大残余沉降量为288.1 mm。注浆前地表观测表明,相较常规地质条件,厚松散层条带式非充分开采地表移动初始期短,活跃期变形量减小,衰退期变形量占比大,残余变形量占比超37%;采空区残余变形对地表拟建建筑物影响较大。
(2)通过地表沉降观测和深部岩层变形监测,注浆后地表各观测点累计下沉量为-5.6~-1.5 mm,深部岩层变形量小于1.0 mm,工后采空区地表变形主要由上部厚松散层沉降引起;深部岩层处于稳定状态。
(3)实测工后地表累计下沉量小于10 mm,地表下沉速率小于0.1 mm/d,符合规范要求;地表变形指标值趋于定值,评价工后采空区场地处于稳定状态;预测工后地表残余下沉量最大值16 mm,比注浆前大幅降低94.5%,满足工程建设需要,检测验证采空区注浆治理效果良好。
  • 中国煤炭科工集团有限公司科技创新创业资金专项重点项目(2018-2-ZD007)
  • 天地科技股份有限公司科技创新基金(0206TDST0001)
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405238
  • 接收时间:2024-07-12
  • 首发时间:2025-12-22
  • 出版时间:2025-07-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-12
  • 修回日期:2024-11-17
基金
中国煤炭科工集团有限公司科技创新创业资金专项重点项目(2018-2-ZD007)
天地科技股份有限公司科技创新基金(0206TDST0001)
作者信息
    1 中煤科工生态环境科技有限公司, 北京 100013
    2 中煤科工循环产业研究院(山东)有限公司, 济宁 272000
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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