Article(id=1209811345986425819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1209811339510411616, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406872, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1726070400000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-12, revisedDate=1734883200000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-23, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766371102091, onlineDateStr=2025-12-22, pubDate=1751904000000, pubDateStr=2025-07-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766371102091, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766371102091, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766371102091, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1209811339510411616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='19', pageStart='7885', pageEnd='8315', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766371100547, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766373228996, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1209820266960654935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1209811339510411616, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1209820266960654936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1209811339510411616, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=7986, endPage=7994, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1209811346993057816, articleId=1209811345986425819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Hierarchical Eigenmode Analysis of Causal Brain Networks in Schizophrenia, columnId=1209811346896588819, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers∙Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Schizophrenia is a persistent mental disorder manifested by significant abnormalities in perception, emotion, and behavior. Nevertheless, the neural mechanisms underlying this disorder are still not fully understood. In order to explore the differences in whole-brain causal connectivity between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls in the resting state, a hierarchical degree (HD) index was proposed based on eigenmode method to overcome the inadequacy of node degree measured at a single level in traditional graph theory. It was found that the node degree of the whole-brain causal network of schizophrenia patients reduced. In addition, the most significant changes in in-degree were found in the motor system, whereas the most significant changes in out-degree were found in the default mode system. Higher-order node degree was further extracted and found to be superior to traditional graph theory degree in distinguishing schizophrenia patients from healthy controls based on a machine learning approach, and more accurately predicted positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, suggesting that higher-order network features can be used as biological indicators of schizophrenia. The findings of this paper reveal abnormal higher-order network features of schizophrenia and contribute to the advancement of objective diagnostic technologies for schizophrenia.

, correspAuthors=Rong WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xiang-yuan MENG, Rong WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1209811348289097834, articleId=1209811345986425819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=精神分裂症因果脑网络分层模态分析, columnId=1209811347106304028, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文∙医药、卫生, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

精神分裂症是一种持久的精神障碍,表现为感知、情感和行为的显著异常,但其神经机制仍不完全清楚。为了探讨精神分裂症患者与健康对照组在静息状态下全脑因果连接的差异,基于特征模态方法,提出了一种分层度指标,克服了传统图论中节点度在单层次上测量的不足。研究发现精神分裂症患者的全脑因果网络的节点度降低,并且运动系统的入度变化最为显著,而默认系统的出度变化最为显著。进一步提取高阶节点度,并基于机器学习方法,发现高阶节点度在区分精神分裂症患者和健康对照组上优于传统图论度,并且能更准确地预测精神分裂症的阳性和阴性症状,表明高阶网络特征可以作为精神分裂症的生物学指标。研究成果揭示了精神分裂症的异常高阶网络特征,有助于精神分裂症客观化诊断技术的发展。

, correspAuthors=王荣, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*王荣(1988—),男,汉族,陕西西安人,博士,副教授。研究方向:神经动力学。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=G3DOh0K+Fc+/Tly7eAoJQg==, magXml=qJNNJ3M4u+HauRAohtwAUw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=WCEqU5QVgiZlz+/OwJvr3Q==, pdfFileSize=7767620, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=LLASVZ1yC5lNRrHVq1C/gA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=wOXKvmmz5XVFHDuPlYTIRA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

孟湘媛(2000—),女,汉族,河北保定人,硕士研究生。研究方向:神经动力学。E-mail:

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孟湘媛(2000—),女,汉族,河北保定人,硕士研究生。研究方向:神经动力学。E-mail:

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D为传统节点度;D'100为分层节点度;D'sig为高阶节点度

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*表示皮尔逊相关性检验P<0.05,**表示P<0.01,***表示P<0.001

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精神分裂症因果脑网络分层模态分析
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孟湘媛 , 王荣 *
科学技术与工程 | 论文∙医药、卫生 2025,25(19): 7986-7994
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科学技术与工程 | 论文∙医药、卫生 2025, 25(19): 7986-7994
精神分裂症因果脑网络分层模态分析
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孟湘媛 , 王荣*
作者信息
  • 西安科技大学理学院, 西安 710054
  • 孟湘媛(2000—),女,汉族,河北保定人,硕士研究生。研究方向:神经动力学。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*王荣(1988—),男,汉族,陕西西安人,博士,副教授。研究方向:神经动力学。E-mail:
Hierarchical Eigenmode Analysis of Causal Brain Networks in Schizophrenia
Xiang-yuan MENG , Rong WANG*
Affiliations
  • College of Science, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
出版时间: 2025-07-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406872
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精神分裂症是一种持久的精神障碍,表现为感知、情感和行为的显著异常,但其神经机制仍不完全清楚。为了探讨精神分裂症患者与健康对照组在静息状态下全脑因果连接的差异,基于特征模态方法,提出了一种分层度指标,克服了传统图论中节点度在单层次上测量的不足。研究发现精神分裂症患者的全脑因果网络的节点度降低,并且运动系统的入度变化最为显著,而默认系统的出度变化最为显著。进一步提取高阶节点度,并基于机器学习方法,发现高阶节点度在区分精神分裂症患者和健康对照组上优于传统图论度,并且能更准确地预测精神分裂症的阳性和阴性症状,表明高阶网络特征可以作为精神分裂症的生物学指标。研究成果揭示了精神分裂症的异常高阶网络特征,有助于精神分裂症客观化诊断技术的发展。

精神分裂症  /  因果连接  /  分层度  /  特征模态方法

Schizophrenia is a persistent mental disorder manifested by significant abnormalities in perception, emotion, and behavior. Nevertheless, the neural mechanisms underlying this disorder are still not fully understood. In order to explore the differences in whole-brain causal connectivity between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls in the resting state, a hierarchical degree (HD) index was proposed based on eigenmode method to overcome the inadequacy of node degree measured at a single level in traditional graph theory. It was found that the node degree of the whole-brain causal network of schizophrenia patients reduced. In addition, the most significant changes in in-degree were found in the motor system, whereas the most significant changes in out-degree were found in the default mode system. Higher-order node degree was further extracted and found to be superior to traditional graph theory degree in distinguishing schizophrenia patients from healthy controls based on a machine learning approach, and more accurately predicted positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, suggesting that higher-order network features can be used as biological indicators of schizophrenia. The findings of this paper reveal abnormal higher-order network features of schizophrenia and contribute to the advancement of objective diagnostic technologies for schizophrenia.

schizophrenia  /  causal connectivity  /  hierarchical degree  /  eigenmode method
孟湘媛, 王荣. 精神分裂症因果脑网络分层模态分析. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (19) : 7986 -7994 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406872
Xiang-yuan MENG, Rong WANG. Hierarchical Eigenmode Analysis of Causal Brain Networks in Schizophrenia[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (19) : 7986 -7994 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406872
精神分裂症是一种慢性脑部疾病,患者在疾病活跃期无法准确区分真实与虚幻。该病症主要表现为两大类症状:阳性症状(如妄想和幻觉)和阴性症状(如意志减退)[1-4]。研究表明,精神分裂症与其他精神疾病(如双相情感障碍和单相抑郁症)的临床症状、风险基因和认知异常存在显著重叠[5-6],给准确及时的诊断带来了巨大挑战。确定可靠的神经生物标志物不仅有助于揭示精神分裂症的潜在病理机制,还有助于为患者提供更为精准和有效的治疗方案。
精神分裂症涉及多个大脑区域的异常激活,而基于网络的研究可以更全面地了解该疾病的发病机制。以往研究表明,相较于健康对照组,精神分裂症患者的功能性连接显著减少,这种连接减少不仅与大脑的结构和功能变化有关,还与白质纤维束的完整性受损密切相关[7-8]。此外,精神分裂症还会导致网络拓扑结构的变化,包括全局效率降低、功能整合性下降、模块化结构减少、聚类系数降低,能够反映精神分裂症患者的认知异常变化[9-11]
在功能连接分析中,皮尔逊相关系数通常被用来衡量感兴趣脑区之间的关联,但是无法给出脑区之间的相互作用方向以及网络内部的信息流动[12-13]。有效连接分析利用脑区信号之间的时滞关系深入了解大脑网络内信息流的方向性,有助于揭示信息在大脑各个区域之间的传递路径和模式,从而为探索认知功能、识别脑部疾病和开发针对性治疗提供科学依据[14]。Hua 等[15]使用静息态功能核磁共振成像数据的格兰杰因果关系分析构建全脑有效连接网络,发现有效连接网络可用于区分健康对照组和精神分裂症患者。Ke 等[16]引用一种结合独立成分分析和光谱动态因果模型分析的实证方法,证明异常的有效连接可能是青少年肌阵挛性癫痫患者在疾病早期大脑功能异常的基础。在有向脑网络中,研究发现精神分裂症患者的入度降低、出度降低和全局效率降低[17-23]
然而,鉴于精神分裂症患者中存在大脑网络度降低的现象,有必要进一步探究个体大脑度的高低与症状改善之间的关系。
近年来,特征模态分析被用于大脑网络研究,相比于节点度和聚类系数等经典图测量方法,特征模态分析具有典型的多层次、多尺度特征,从而提升了大脑网络与精神疾病、认知障碍之间的关联[24-29]。在对精神分裂症的大脑无向网络研究中,基于特征模态分析的大脑测量结果能更好地与临床症状关联[30]。Wang 等[31]扩展了特征模态分析,阐明了神经退行性疾病和神经精神疾病中的功能障碍分离和整合。然而,以往特征模态分析方法仅仅能够刻画无向网络的特征,而在有向网络中,如何开展特征模态分析,进而更好地阐明精神分裂症的脑网络异常机理以及寻找更好的生物学标记,尚需进一步研究。
现提出分层度(hierarchical degree,HD)指标,扩展特征模态分析方法,并判断HD和临床症状的关系。此外,通过比较脑因果网络的经典图论度D和HD对健康对照组和精神分裂症患者的分类效果及对精神分裂症患者临床症状的预测效果,检验特征模态分析是否比经典图论分析更有效。
研究采用的数据源自于加州大学洛杉矶分校的神经精神病表型组学联盟和其共享的神经影像数据库。该数据集包含116名健康被试(其中女性53人,男性63人,年龄均为31.62岁±8.87岁)和50名精神分裂症患者(其中女性12人,男性38人,年龄均为36.46岁±8.88岁)。数据集包括静息态功能核磁共振成像数据及患者的临床症状评估,使用阳性症状评估量表(scale for assessment of positive symptoms,SAPS)和阴性症状评估量表(scale for assessment of negative symptoms,SANS)进行症状检测。SANS评估5个维度:意志减退、言语贫乏、快感缺失、注意力和情感平淡。SAPS评估5个维度:幻觉、妄想、怪异行为、思维紊乱和情感迟钝。
除了进行功能核磁共振成像检查,参与者还必须接受神经心理学的评估,并且他们必须是非西班牙裔或拉丁裔的白人,或者任何种族的西班牙裔或拉丁裔人士,同时他们至少需要有8年的教育背景。对于双语者,测试语言根据口语流利程度确定。筛选标准包括排除神经系统疾病、头部受伤历史、精神活性药物使用、近6个月内的药物依赖史、重大精神疾病或注意力缺陷多动障碍病史,并检查是否存在情绪或焦虑障碍。另外,若尿液分析结果呈阳性,试验对象将被淘汰,该结果可用于检测药物滥用情况。
此研究使用两台3T西门子Trio扫描仪进行磁共振成像数据采集。其中,功能核磁共振成像数据采用 T 2 *加权回声平面成像序列,参数如下:切片厚度4 mm,共34片,重复时间(repetition time,TR)为2 s,回波时间(echo time,TE)为30 ms,翻转角度为90°,图像矩阵为64×64,视场(field of view,FOV)为192 mm。此外,还采集了T2加权解剖扫描和磁化准备快速梯度回波(magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo,MPRAGE)序列。其中,T2加权扫描的参数为切片厚度4 mm,翻转角度90°,TR/TE为5 000/34 ms,矩阵为128×128。MPRAGE序列的扫描参数为:TR为1.9 s,TE为2.26 ms,矩阵为256×256,FOV为250 mm,切片厚度为1 mm,共176片。
使用基于Linux操作系统的Ubuntu 14.04环境来对功能核磁共振成像的实验结果做进一步的数据预处理工作,其中所使用的工具包括牛津大学脑磁共振功能成像软件库(functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain software library,FSL)和功能神经影像分析(analysis of functional neuroimages,AFNI)两个开源程序包。健康对照组的平均帧内位移为0.160±0.159,而精神分裂症组为0.267±0.215。两组平均帧内位移差异显著[双样本t检验,t(98)=2.779,P=0.004],并进行了组间的协方差分析。平面回波成像数据进行运动和切片定时校正,并使用半最大值全宽为6 mm的高斯核进行空间平滑。用0.01~0.1 Hz的带通滤波器进一步处理功能核磁共振成像信号。由于发现整体全脑信号与精神分裂症症状有关,分析中未剔除全脑信号。
格兰杰因果分析用于在没有先验知识的情况下,基于假设种子区域生成网络。该模型计算复杂度低,且不受研究脑区的数量限制[32-34],在功能核磁共振成像数据分析中得到了广泛使用。根据Schaefer2018-100Parcels-7Networks图谱将大脑划分为N=100个脑区和7个脑功能系统[35]。对每个区域内的体素的血氧水平依赖信号进行平均以获得区域功能核磁共振成像时间序列。利用格兰杰因果分析测量脑区间的因果连通性。该检验得出F统计量和相应的P,F可以代表因果连接强度,若P<0.05,则表明脑区之间有显著的因果连接,若P>0.05,则表明脑区之间无显著的因果连接。本文中使用1-P构建因果连接网络。
提出一种基于特征模态分析的分层节点度测量,计算过程如下:
(1)将因果连接矩阵 C分解为 C = U Σ V T ( U为左奇异向量、 V为右奇异向量和 Σ为奇异值),采用 Σ 2刻画特征模态对因果连接网络的贡献度,并按照贡献度从大到小的顺序对特征模态进行重新排序。
(2)在第 j阶特征模态中,第 i个脑区的入度D'in,ij和出度D'out,ij定义为
D '   i n , i j = Σ j 2 V i j 2 D '   o u t , i j = Σ j 2 U i j 2
式(1)中: Σ j为第 j阶模态对应的奇异值; U i j为第 j阶模态的第 i个脑区对应的左奇异向量; V i j为第 j阶模态的第 i个脑区对应的右奇异向量。
(3)在所有模态上进行叠加,可以得到跨越多个模态的入度和出度,即脑区的分层度,表达式为
D i n , i = j = 1 N Σ j 2 V i j 2 D o u t , i = j = 1 N Σ j 2 U i j 2
事实上,分层度也可以理论推导,即
$D_{\mathrm{in}, i}=\operatorname{diag}\left(\boldsymbol{C}^{\mathrm{T}} \boldsymbol{C}\right)_{i}=\sum_{i=1}^{N} c_{i j}^{2}$
D o u t , i = d i a g ( C C T ) i = j = 1 N c i j 2
式中: c i j为因果连接矩阵中的元素。而在基于图论的测量中,入度和出度定义为
D i n , j = i = 1 N c i j D o u t , i = j = 1 N c i j
由于因果连接矩阵 C中元素取值范围为0~1, s u m ( c i j 2 ) s u m ( c i j ),进而 D ' D,图1(a)图1(b)给出了所有被试中,平均D'和D的关系,出度、入度在被试中的相关性均接近1。同时,在所有被试中,对每个脑区的度进行平均(出度=入度),发现D'iDi的相关性也接近于1,如图1(c)所示,证明了上面的理论推导,表明分层度也可以反映因果连接矩阵中脑区的度特征。更重要的是,分层度能够获得多个独立分量来观察大脑在不同层次上的状态,为大脑状态估计提供了更全面、更精确的测量。
在疾病分类和临床症状预测模型中,输入特征包括:①传统节点度DinDout;②分层节点度D'inD'out;(3)高阶节点度D'in,sigD'out,sig
分析精神分裂症患者和健康对照组在每一阶模态上,节点度平均值的差异,得到节点度显著变化的模态。基于显著模态,定义高阶节点度为
D '   i n , i = M Σ j 2 V i j 2 D '   o u t , i = M Σ j 2 U i j 2
式(6)中:M为显著模态;M的数量不等于脑区数量N。输入特征中也考虑年龄和性别。
使用8种分类算法,包括随机森林(random forest,RF)、支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)、K-近邻(K-nearest neighbors,KNN)、决策树(decision tree,DT)、逻辑回归(logistic regression,LR)、梯度提升(gradient boosted decision trees,GBDT)、自适应提升(adaptive boosting,AdaBoost)和多层感知器(multilayer perceptron,MLP)对健康对照组和精神分裂症患者进行分类。每个模型都使用10倍交叉验证进行单独训练和评估。模型评估标准包括受试者工作特征曲线下面积(receiver operating characteristic-area under the curve,AUC)、准确率(accuracy,ACC)、灵敏度(sensitivity,SEN)和特异度(specificity,SPE)。准确率、灵敏度和特异度计算公式为
A C C = T P + T N T P + F N + T N + F P
S E N = T P T P + F N
S P E = T N T N + F P
式中:TP代表被正确分类为精神分裂症患者的阳性样本;TN代表被正确分类为健康对照组的阴性样本;FP代表错误地将健康对照组的样本分类为精神分裂症患者的阳性样本;FN代表错误地将精神分裂症患者的样本分类为健康对照组的阴性样本。
使用scikit-learn工具箱建立临床症状预测模型。首先,使用函数linear_model建立多元线性回归模型。线性回归以大脑特征为自变量x,诊断得分为因变量y。然后,使用函数cross_val_predict,进行留一交叉验证(leave-one-out cross-validation,LOO-CV)。在LOO-CV的每次迭代中,一个被试被指定为测试数据集,而其余被试则被分配到训练数据集。这一过程不断重复,直到所有被试都至少被选为测试数据集一次。在预测模型中,使用f_regression和SelectKBest函数选择特征。首先计算大脑特征与诊断得分之间的相关性(使用f_regression函数),然后根据F对区域进行排序。使用SelectKBest函数选择前K个特征并将其输入预测模型。在此,将K从1变化到N,并根据真实的得分和预测得分之间的最大相关性选择最佳K。为了检验预测结果的统计学意义,固定所选的特征,并将临床评分随机化10 000次。所有特征都进行了归一化处理,脑区的权重具有可比性。
与对照组相比,精神分裂症患者的分层度显著低于对照组[协方差分析(analysis of covariance,ANCOVA), P=0.007 6],表明精神分裂症患者脑区之间的因果关系下降,如图2(a)所示。将大脑划分为7个功能系统:默认系统(default mode network,DMN)、控制系统(control network,CON)、背侧注意系统(dorsal attention network,DOR)、显著注意系统(salience network,SAL)、边缘系统(limbic network,LIM)、运动系统(motor network,MOT)和视觉系统(visual network,VIS),如图2(b)所示。除边缘系统外,精神分裂症患者所有功能系统的入度均显著下降[P<0.05,错误发现率(false discovery rate,FDR)校正]。同样,除边缘系统和显著注意系统外,精神分裂症患者所有功能系统的出度均显著下降[所有P<0.05,FDR校正,如图2(c)图2(d)所示]。此外,运动系统的入度改变最为显著,而默认系统的出度改变最为显著。在脑区尺度,入度和出度显著降低的脑区主要位于运动系统和默认系统(所有P<0.05,FDR校正,FDR校正后入度无脑区存在显著变化,出度有6个脑区存在显著变化),如图2(e)图2(f)所示。故精神分裂症患者大脑网络偏低因果关系是由默认系统和运动系统控制的。
接下来使用机器学习方法对精神分裂症患者和健康对照组进行分类。输入特征包括传统节点度,分层节点度和高阶节点度。为了确定高阶节点度,首先分析节点度发生显著变化的模态。图3(a)给出每一阶模态上,疾病组和健康组节点度对比的统计学结果(双样本t检验,P未校正),可以看出并非所有模态上的节点度发生了变化。选取P<0.01的模态作为显著模态,基于式(6)计算高阶节点度,作为输入特征。分类模型根据分类准确率(ACC),平均曲线下面积(AUC),分类灵敏度(SEN),分类特异度(SPE)进行评估,并使用10倍交叉验证进行测试。
当输入特征为传统节点度的入度时,SVM分类器表现最佳,ACC=0.73,AUC=0.69,SEN=0.8,SPE=0.55。当输入特征为出度时,KNN分类器表现最佳,ACC=0.75,AUC=0.69,SEN=0.93,SPE=0.33。
当输入特征为分层节点度的入度时,SVM分类器表现最佳,ACC=0.80,AUC=0.77,SEN=0.86,SPE=0.65。当输入特征为出度时,SVM分类器表现最佳,ACC=0.73,AUC=0.71,SEN=0.78,SPE=0.60。
当输入特征为高阶节点度的入度时,RF分类器表现最佳,ACC=0.73,AUC=0.74,SEN=0.85,SPE=0.45。当输入特征为出度时,GBDT分类器表现最佳,ACC=0.80,AUC=0.83,SEN=0.90,SPE=0.53。
可以看出,当输入特征为高阶节点度的出度时分类效果最好,如图3(b)图3(c)所示,并且在反映精神分裂症患者大脑异常状态方面,分层节点度和高阶节点度的表现优于传统节点度,如图3(d)图3(e)、和图3(f)所示。此外,基于特征模态的层次网络测量通常比经典图论测量提供更好的分类。
为了进一步将大脑与精神分裂症的不同症状联系起来,使用机器学习方法预测SANS和SAPS得分。输入特征包括传统节点度,分层节点度和高阶节点度。使用多元线性回归模型进行预测,实际分数和预测分数之间的皮尔逊相关性衡量预测性能,并使用LOO-CV对预测结果进行验证。
当预测SANS得分时,如果使用传统节点度的入度,真实得分和预测得分的相关性r=0.358,P<0.05;而传统节点度的出度不能预测SANS得分。当使用分层节点度的入度时,真实得分和预测得分的相关性r=0.326,P<0.05;使用分层节点度的出度时,得分相关性r=0.763,P<0.001。当使用高阶节点度的入度时,真实得分和预测得分的相关性r=0.857,P<0.001;当使用出度时,相关性r=0.752,P<0.001。
当预测SAPS得分时,如果使用传统节点度的入度,真实得分和预测得分的相关性r=0.445,P<0.01;当使用传统节点度的出度时,得分的相关性r=0.550,P<0.001。当使用分层节点度的入度时,真实得分和预测得分的相关性r=0.691,P<0.001;当使用出度时,得分相关性r=0.408,P<0.01。当使用高阶节点度的入度时,真实得分和预测得分的相关性r=0.425,P<0.01;当使用出度时,真实得分和预测得分的相关性r=0.933,P<0.001,如图4(a)图4(b)所示。由此可见,高阶节点度的入度对SANS得分的预测效果最好,高阶节点度的出度对SAPS得分的预测效果最好,并且传统节点度的预测效果普遍较差,表明特征模态分析方法能够提取多层次的节点度信息,能够作为精神分裂症的生物学指标,如图4(c)图4(d)所示。
由于预测模型中的特征是标准化的,因此相应的权重也是可比的。模型中的正权重预测的脑区的症状得分较高,而负权重则预测的脑区的症状得分较低[图4(e)图4(f)]。基于最优预测模型,将属于同一系统的脑区的权重平均,以确定特定系统对SANS症状/SAPS症状的贡献。在SANS预测模型中,LIM系统的负权重最高,而CON的正权重较高。因此,控制系统对高阶分层度的入度的贡献越大,SANS得分越高,而LIM的变异性越大,SANS得分越低。在SAPS预测模型中,CON和DOR的负权重较高,而VIS对高阶分层度的出度的贡献越大,SAPS得分越高,这表明CON和DOR对较小的SAPS得分有更大的贡献[图4(g)图4(h)]。
提出了一种因果脑网络特征模态分析方法,研究静息态精神分裂症患者和健康对照组的脑网络的分层度差异,证明了分层度和经典图论度之间的关系;发现与健康对照组相比,精神分裂症患者的因果关系降低,信息流入的变化主要发生在运动系统,信息流出的变化主要发生在默认系统,揭示患者全脑因果连接模式的重构导致其信息传输效率低于健康对照组。相较于图论方法,特征模态分析方法能够更有效地区分健康对照组和精神分裂症患者(ACC=0.80,AUC=0.83),并且能够更好地预测阳性和阴性临床症状。研究成果有助于更好地识别精神分裂症,有助于未来疾病的诊断和干预。
  • 国家自然科学基金(12272292)
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2025年第25卷第19期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406872
  • 接收时间:2024-09-12
  • 首发时间:2025-12-22
  • 出版时间:2025-07-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-12
  • 修回日期:2024-12-23
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国家自然科学基金(12272292)
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    西安科技大学理学院, 西安 710054

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*王荣(1988—),男,汉族,陕西西安人,博士,副教授。研究方向:神经动力学。E-mail:
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