Article(id=1209811344254169485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1209811339510411616, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406143, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1723737600000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-16, revisedDate=1735747200000, revisedDateStr=2025-01-02, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766371101677, onlineDateStr=2025-12-22, pubDate=1751904000000, pubDateStr=2025-07-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766371101677, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766371101677, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766371101677, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1209811339510411616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='19', pageStart='7885', pageEnd='8315', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766371100547, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766373228996, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1209820266960654935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1209811339510411616, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1209820266960654936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1209811339510411616, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=7978, endPage=7985, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1209811345852199329, articleId=1209811344254169485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Mechanical Characteristics of Suction Anchor Penetration in Layered Soils, columnId=1209811342492570526, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers∙Astronomy and Geosciences, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Suction anchors are widely used as a foundation type in deepwater environments. Unlike homogeneous soil, the mechanical penetration characteristics of suction anchors in layered soils are extremely complex, influenced by the variation in soil properties and interfaces between layers. Therefore, it is necessary to study the mechanical behavior of suction anchors during penetration in layered soils. An Euler-Lagrange coupling method was used to simulate the penetration process of suction anchors, and numerical simulations were validated through model tests. The mechanical penetration characteristics of suction anchors in layered soils were analyzed. The results show that, influenced by the mechanical properties of layered soils, vertical stress gradually increases during penetration, forming a vertical stress arch at the anchor tip. The stronger the soil strength, the more concentrated the vertical stress. Additionally, when a suction anchor penetrates from silty clay into silty clay, the mechanical properties of the soil change, causing the side friction and end resistance to increase rapidly. This study, which combines experimental and numerical methods, investigates the mechanical behavior of suction anchors during penetration in layered soils and provides valuable references for deep-water suction anchor penetration in layered soils, offering significant engineering practical value.

, correspAuthors=Fei-yang WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yu-xin CHEN, Fei-yang WANG, You-liang CHEN, Rui-da HUANG, Yan SUN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1209811348612051512, articleId=1209811344254169485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=成层土中吸力锚沉贯施工力学特性, columnId=1209811342702285729, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文∙天文学、地球科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=在深水赋存环境中,吸力锚是一种应用广泛的基础形式。不同于均质土,受成层土土质变化及分界面的影响,吸力锚在成层土中的力学沉贯特性极其复杂。因而,需开展成层土中吸力锚沉贯力学行为研究。采用欧拉-拉格朗日耦合方法,模拟吸力锚沉贯过程,利用模型试验对数值模拟进行验证,分析吸力锚在成层土中的力学沉贯特性。结果表明:受成层土力学特性影响,在沉贯过程中竖向应力逐渐增大,并在锚端部处形成竖向应力拱,且土体强度越强,竖向应力越集中;当吸力锚从淤泥质黏土贯入粉质黏土时,土体力学特性发生改变,侧摩阻力和端部阻力迅速增大。该研究运用试验与数值等方法深入探究了吸力锚在成层土中沉贯施工的力学行为,可为深水吸力锚成层土沉贯施工提供参考依据,具有重要的工程实践价值。, correspAuthors=王飞阳, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*王飞阳(1990—),男,汉族,河南商丘人,博士,讲师。研究方向:海洋岩土工程。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=a0X2Ka7yCB66Z/TuZKW0YQ==, magXml=rw76Q9vF3j9RmL8IjDprwQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=bscEujpV6vI1zmv8SrpHKw==, pdfFileSize=10182074, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=IvuaIjBOi1pqTM2BAvk3iQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=9ZLLAIa6P1Hb1+cRuaRYTw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

陈玉新(1997—),男,汉族,河南信阳人,硕士研究生。研究方向:海洋岩土工程。E-mail:

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陈玉新(1997—),男,汉族,河南信阳人,硕士研究生。研究方向:海洋岩土工程。E-mail:

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陈玉新(1997—),男,汉族,河南信阳人,硕士研究生。研究方向:海洋岩土工程。E-mail:

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orderNo=4, keyword=土塞现象), Keyword(id=1209888928220451349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811344254169485, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=侧摩阻力), Keyword(id=1209888928300143129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811344254169485, language=CN, orderNo=6, keyword=端部阻力)], refs=[Reference(id=1209888931676557994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811344254169485, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=41, issue=1, pageStart=184, pageEnd=190, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=王胤, 朱兴运, 杨庆, journalName=岩土工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王胤, 朱兴运, 杨庆. 考虑砂土渗透性变化的吸力锚沉贯及土塞特性研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2019, 41(1): 184-190., articleTitle=考虑砂土渗透性变化的吸力锚沉贯及土塞特性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1209888931793998510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811344254169485, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, 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A1、A3、B1、B3为连通阀,A2、B2为排污阀

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Mechanical parameters of stratified soil

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土体名称 重度γ /
(kN·m-3)
摩擦角
φ /(°)
不排水抗剪强度
Su /kPa
弹性模量
E /MPa
黏聚力
C /kPa
泊松比ν 孔隙比e
淤泥质黏土 17.80 12.00 2.98 7.41 14.00 0.38 1.04
粉质黏土 19.00 32.00 4.87 12.00 17.00 0.35 0.72
粉细砂 18.00 4.43 8.15 48.00 8.00 0.31 0.42
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成层土力学特性参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
土体名称 重度γ /
(kN·m-3)
摩擦角
φ /(°)
不排水抗剪强度
Su /kPa
弹性模量
E /MPa
黏聚力
C /kPa
泊松比ν 孔隙比e
淤泥质黏土 17.80 12.00 2.98 7.41 14.00 0.38 1.04
粉质黏土 19.00 32.00 4.87 12.00 17.00 0.35 0.72
粉细砂 18.00 4.43 8.15 48.00 8.00 0.31 0.42
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成层土中吸力锚沉贯施工力学特性
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陈玉新 1 , 王飞阳 1, 2, * , 陈有亮 1 , 黄瑞达 3 , 孙衍 4
科学技术与工程 | 论文∙天文学、地球科学 2025,25(19): 7978-7985
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科学技术与工程 | 论文∙天文学、地球科学 2025, 25(19): 7978-7985
成层土中吸力锚沉贯施工力学特性
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陈玉新1 , 王飞阳1, 2, * , 陈有亮1, 黄瑞达3, 孙衍4
作者信息
  • 1 上海理工大学土木工程系, 上海 200093
  • 2 东华大学土木工程系, 上海 201620
  • 3 上海市政工程设计研究总院(集团)有限公司, 上海 200092
  • 4 上海城投公路投资(集团)有限公司, 上海 200336
  • 陈玉新(1997—),男,汉族,河南信阳人,硕士研究生。研究方向:海洋岩土工程。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*王飞阳(1990—),男,汉族,河南商丘人,博士,讲师。研究方向:海洋岩土工程。E-mail:
Mechanical Characteristics of Suction Anchor Penetration in Layered Soils
Yu-xin CHEN1 , Fei-yang WANG1, 2, * , You-liang CHEN1, Rui-da HUANG3, Yan SUN4
Affiliations
  • 1 Depart of Civil Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
  • 2 Depart of Civil Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
  • 3 Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute (Group) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200092, China
  • 4 Shanghai Municipal Investment Group Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200336, China
出版时间: 2025-07-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406143
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在深水赋存环境中,吸力锚是一种应用广泛的基础形式。不同于均质土,受成层土土质变化及分界面的影响,吸力锚在成层土中的力学沉贯特性极其复杂。因而,需开展成层土中吸力锚沉贯力学行为研究。采用欧拉-拉格朗日耦合方法,模拟吸力锚沉贯过程,利用模型试验对数值模拟进行验证,分析吸力锚在成层土中的力学沉贯特性。结果表明:受成层土力学特性影响,在沉贯过程中竖向应力逐渐增大,并在锚端部处形成竖向应力拱,且土体强度越强,竖向应力越集中;当吸力锚从淤泥质黏土贯入粉质黏土时,土体力学特性发生改变,侧摩阻力和端部阻力迅速增大。该研究运用试验与数值等方法深入探究了吸力锚在成层土中沉贯施工的力学行为,可为深水吸力锚成层土沉贯施工提供参考依据,具有重要的工程实践价值。
吸力锚  /  成层土  /  欧拉-拉格朗日耦合方法  /  土塞现象  /  侧摩阻力  /  端部阻力

Suction anchors are widely used as a foundation type in deepwater environments. Unlike homogeneous soil, the mechanical penetration characteristics of suction anchors in layered soils are extremely complex, influenced by the variation in soil properties and interfaces between layers. Therefore, it is necessary to study the mechanical behavior of suction anchors during penetration in layered soils. An Euler-Lagrange coupling method was used to simulate the penetration process of suction anchors, and numerical simulations were validated through model tests. The mechanical penetration characteristics of suction anchors in layered soils were analyzed. The results show that, influenced by the mechanical properties of layered soils, vertical stress gradually increases during penetration, forming a vertical stress arch at the anchor tip. The stronger the soil strength, the more concentrated the vertical stress. Additionally, when a suction anchor penetrates from silty clay into silty clay, the mechanical properties of the soil change, causing the side friction and end resistance to increase rapidly. This study, which combines experimental and numerical methods, investigates the mechanical behavior of suction anchors during penetration in layered soils and provides valuable references for deep-water suction anchor penetration in layered soils, offering significant engineering practical value.

suction anchor  /  stratified soil  /  Eulerian-Lagrangian coupling method  /  soil plugging effect  /  side friction resistance  /  tip resistance
陈玉新, 王飞阳, 陈有亮, 黄瑞达, 孙衍. 成层土中吸力锚沉贯施工力学特性. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (19) : 7978 -7985 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406143
Yu-xin CHEN, Fei-yang WANG, You-liang CHEN, Rui-da HUANG, Yan SUN. Mechanical Characteristics of Suction Anchor Penetration in Layered Soils[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (19) : 7978 -7985 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406143
吸力锚是一种广泛用于海洋工程的基础形式,也被称为吸力沉箱(suction caisson)、吸力桶形基础(suction bucket)或吸力桩(suction pile)。在沉贯过程中,通过抽出吸力锚内的水和空气,使其在压差的作用下沉贯。然而,这种独特的沉贯方式存在诸多的不确定性。首先,锚内土体向上隆起会导致其无法沉贯至设计深度;其次,负压过大可能导致吸力锚基础周围土体强度失效。
吸力锚在沉贯中通常会产生土塞现象,影响锚固稳定性,学者们通过大量试验研究探讨了这一问题。王胤等[1]进行了水下砂土模型试验,通过高分辨率相机和微型孔压传感器记录了沉贯过程,认为土塞形成是由吸力锚内部土体膨胀引起的。王卫等[2]通过分析海上风电场吸力筒基础下沉过程的实测数据,发现负压下沉时,筒内土塞体积变化与海床土层分布及土体性质密切相关。李大勇等[3]通过试验发现,吸力锚在中粗砂中沉贯时形成的负压渗流能够促使沉贯阻力减小。但是当吸力锚在黏土中沉贯时,结果却截然相反。张雨生[4]基于数值和理论方法研究了吸力锚沉贯过程,研究表明,当长径比增大时,土塞的隆起高度增大;吸力锚的壁厚越大,土塞的隆起高度越大。综上所述,土塞效应不仅与土体性质和负压有关,还与吸力锚结构形状有关。
与物理模型试验相比,数值模拟成本低,且可以获得试验难以获取的数据。因此,被广泛用于模拟吸力锚沉贯过程。金壮等[5]采用FEM-SPH (finite element method-smoothed particle hydrodynamics)耦合方法结合高级临界状态本构模型来模拟吸力桶基础的沉贯过程,并通过室内试验验证了该方法的有效性。王胤等[6]利用基于CFD-DEM流固耦合方法的吸力锚基础负压沉贯数值模拟CFD-DEM(computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method)方法模拟了吸力锚在砂土中的沉贯过程,并通过试验证实了该方法的可靠性。尽管数值模拟结果可信度较试验略低,但通过合理设定参数,仍可获得可信度较高的结果,并能直观表达锚内土体的细观运动。
多数学者主要针对吸力锚在均质土中的沉贯过程进行了研究,然而在实际工程中,大多数地基土属于成层土,不同土层的土体强度会影响吸力锚沉贯特性。李大勇等[7]对吸力锚在成层土中的沉贯特性进行了分析,成层土在吸力沉贯作用下的力学响应、界面特性和渗流规律较为复杂。沉贯阻力的估算通常基于均质土的公式,通过经验系数调整土体参数,模拟渗流条件变化对土体特性和阻力的影响。目前,许多学者根据不同的沉贯原理和简化方式,对吸力锚在黏土中的沉贯阻力进行了理论研究。常见的计算方法可归纳为基于承载力API(american petroleum institute)[8]、Anderson[9]方法、CPT-based (cone penetration test-based)、DNV(det norske veritas)[10]、Senders[11]方法和Houlsby解析法[12]。CPT-Based方法虽然参数少,使用广泛,但受限于静力触探原位试验的准确性。承载力理论和Houlsby解析法的参数较多并且计算公式较复杂,预测结果的准确度对每一个参数的精确度相关。为研究土体变形对吸力锚在成层土中沉贯阻力变化趋势的影响,本文中结合API-RP-2A标准方法[8],与数值模拟方法进行对比分析。
综上所述,采用欧拉-拉格朗日耦合方法(coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian method, CEL)方法模拟吸力锚在成层土中的沉贯过程,通过模型试验验证数值方法的可靠性,并结合API-RP-2A标准方法[8],分析吸力锚在成层土中的力学沉贯特性。
CEL综合了拉格朗日方法的高效性和准确性与欧拉方法中材料和网格独立等优点,可同时兼顾吸力锚的小变形和土体的大变形,如图1所示。吸力锚采用拉格朗日网格,土体采用欧拉网格,以模拟土体的大变形。该方法利用欧拉方法中网格固定,材料可以在网格中自由流动的机理,模拟土体受到挤压产生大变形过程。通过罚接触方法模拟土体和吸力锚之间的接触关系,建立吸力锚-土体相互作用大变形模型,避免了数值模拟收敛困难的问题。因此,该方法可以有效地模拟吸力锚沉贯过程的大变形问题。
欧拉分析方法的独特之处在于网格和材料是分开的,网格节点被固定,材料可以在固定的网格中自由流动,因此在每个增量步结束时需要确定欧拉域材料的边界位置。通常采用欧拉体积分数(Eulerian volume fraction, EVF)来确定欧拉材料的运动,EVF表示欧拉网格中填充材料的程度,通过材料占据网格空间的比例确定,EVF = 0表示网格中没有材料,EVF = 1表示网格中完全填充材料。
罚接触方法是由Olovsson[13]提出的,用于模拟拉格朗日域与欧拉域界面的接触关系。在时间步长tn的初始时刻,根据上一时间步结束时的界面作用力,确定该时间步长初始时刻拉格朗日域和欧拉域中材料的运动。当该时间步结束时,通过欧拉材料节点和拉格朗日材料节点的相对位移计算节点的罚力,用公式表示为
F p = λ p d p
式(1)中:Fp为界面上对应点之间的接触力,即罚力;dp为节点之间的相对位移,即罚位移;λp为罚刚度。
在数值模型中,成层土地基模型的尺寸为3.00 m×3.00 m×1.96 m。模型顶面以下0.40 m为空穴单元,无材料属性,用于模拟土塞隆起现象,其余部分为欧拉土体区域,包括淤泥质黏土、粉质黏土和粉细砂三层土,如图2所示。考虑对称性,为提高计算效率,仅采用1/2模型。为防止岩土体在欧拉域边界处变形,对4个侧面和底部施加法向位移约束。为防止吸力锚转动,约束其水平位移和转角,并施加0.3 m竖直向下的位移,模拟吸力锚自重沉贯过程。同时,对锚内土体上表面施加竖直向上的均布荷载,用于等效模拟负压作用效果。此外,对吸力锚结构施加竖直向下位移,以模拟吸力锚在负压作用下的沉贯过程。采用扫掠技术进行网格划分,吸力锚结构划分为21 512个8节点拉格朗日单元(E3D8R),土体划分为319 198个8节点欧拉单元(EC3D8R)。
采用罚接触方法模拟土体和吸力锚之间的接触关系,并通过接触对算法(contact pair)建立面面接触。接触面法向力学行为采用硬接触定义,接触面切向摩擦特性采用摩擦系数μ表示。虽然砂土和黏土的力学特性差异较大,但是由于土塞现象的产生,吸力锚最终没有贯入粉细砂中,因此取μ = 0.3[14-15],通过下述模型验证的结果可知,取该摩擦系数能够较好地体现锚壁和土体之间的接触特性。
吸力锚材料采用线弹性本构模型,弹性模量E = 2.06 GPa,泊松比ν= 0.3。土体采用Mohr-Coulomb理想弹塑性本构模型,各土层力学特性参数如表1所示。
通过吸力锚模型试验验证数值方法的可靠性,探讨吸力锚在成层土中的沉贯力学特性。数值模型与试验模型的尺寸和土体参数一致,吸力锚如图3所示,试验装置如图4所示。沉贯过程中,利用拉压装置将吸力锚贯入土体0.3 m,模拟自重下沉阶段。吸力锚负压加载系统如图5所示,该系统实现吸力锚内分级负压的加载。操作步骤如下:关闭增压阀、A3及B3,设置初始负压,打开真空阀抽真空;当罐内负压达到初始值时,打开A1和A3阀,利用A1罐抽取吸力锚内的水和空气,当A罐中的水位达到最大限位时,关闭A1和A3阀,打开B1和B3阀,利用B罐抽真空,并打开A2阀将A罐中的水和空气排出,A罐和B罐交替抽出吸力锚中的水和空气。每级负压加载皆按上述步骤进行,直至吸力锚沉贯至预定深度。
模型试验和数值模拟得到的沉贯阻力随沉贯深度变化的曲线如图6所示,试验测得的沉贯阻力变化趋势与数值模拟计算的沉贯阻力变化趋势相一致,并且两者之间相差的值不大,满足误差要求。由此可见,该数值方法模拟效果较好,能够为吸力锚施工提供可靠的理论依据。
在沉贯过程中,锚内土体会出现向上隆起现象,称为土塞效应。在服役过程中,吸力锚承载力与其锚固深度密切相关。张雨坤等[16]针对海上风电裙式吸力基础的承载力开展数值模拟分析,研究结果表明,随着裙式吸力基础高度的增大,沉贯深度增大,承载力也逐渐增大。由此可见,过高的土塞隆起会影响吸力锚承载力,应满足一定要求。朱兴运[17]通过模型试验分析了长径比对土塞高度的影响,结果表明长径比越大,土塞高度越高。赵永祥[18]发现长径比为6的吸力锚土塞高度可达锚长的0.75倍,而长径比为4的仅为0.45倍。本模型的长径比为6,土塞隆起高度仅占锚长的1/4,远小于上述内容中的土塞高度,对吸力锚承载力的影响较小,数值模拟结果合理。
为研究土塞演变规律,根据土塞隆起高度随沉贯深度变化关系,对土体速度矢量场进行分析,将土塞效应划分为隆起增长期、隆起过渡期和隆起平缓期。图7为采用CEL方法得到的锚内部土体隆起高度随沉贯深度变化的曲线。图8为吸力锚沉贯过程中不同阶段的土体速度矢量场。
根据图7图8,在沉贯初期,土塞效应处于隆起增长期,土塞隆起高度随沉贯深度变化呈线性增长趋势。此时,锚内上部土柱的土压力较小,土塞快速隆起。当沉贯至0.3 m后,吸力锚由自重沉贯转变为负压沉贯,土塞效应进入到隆起过渡期,土体隆起变慢。在此阶段,负压较小,锚内土柱上部覆土压力增大,部分土颗粒开始向下运动,土塞隆起变慢。当沉贯至0.62 m时,吸力锚贯入粉质黏土中,土塞效应进入隆起平缓期,隆起高度逐渐稳定。此时,覆土压力较大,负压对下部土体影响较小,大部分土颗粒开始向下运动,特别是锚端部附近土体表现最为明显。
吸力锚在成层土中沉贯时,由于负压作用会对土体应力产生影响。因此,通过数值模拟得到土体应力云图来分析土体应力变化规律。如图9图10分别为吸入锚的沉贯深度h达到0.20、0.60、0.64、0.80 m时土体水平应力云图和竖向应力云图。
图9可知,随着沉贯深度增加,锚内土体的水平应力先逐渐增大。之后,开始缓慢减小。土体受到的挤压程度与水平应力分布相关,挤压越大,水平应力越大,分布越广。沉贯初期,锚内土体受到的挤压显著,水平应力迅速增加,加速土塞隆起。随着沉贯继续,在负压的作用下,特别是吸力锚贯入粉质黏土时,土体挤压程度减弱,上部覆土压力增大,土塞隆起减缓。
图10可知,竖向应力主要集中在吸力锚端部附近的土体中。当在淤泥质黏土中沉贯时竖向应力随沉贯深度增大,并在锚端部形成向下凸出的应力拱。当贯入粉质黏土中时,竖向应力迅速增大,应力拱分布范围显著减小,之后随沉贯深度变化又逐渐增大,表明土体强度会对竖向应力的分布特征影响很大,土体强度越强,竖向应力越集中。
在吸力锚沉贯过程中,土体对吸力锚产生摩阻力,阻碍吸力锚的沉贯。API-RP-2A标准方法[8]对应的沉贯阻力计算公式为
Q = α A o u t S u + α A i n n e r S u + ( N c S u + r ' h ) A t i p
式(2)中:Q为沉贯阻力;AoutAinner分别为为吸力锚外侧和内侧与土体的接触面积;Atip为吸力锚端部圆环面积;α为黏结系数α = 1/St,其中黏土灵敏度系数 S t  = 3.6;Su为土的不排水抗剪强度;Nc为黏土中条形基础的承载力系数,取Nc = 7.5;r'为土的有效容重;h为吸力锚的沉贯深度。
通过数值模拟得到的沉贯阻力与API-RP-2A标准方法[8]得到的沉贯阻力进行对比,分析成层土中沉贯阻力的变化规律。内、外侧摩阻力及端部阻力随沉贯深度变化关系分别如图11~图13所示。
图11可知,标准方法得到的内壁侧摩阻力随沉贯深度的变化逐渐增大。而对于数值模拟方法,在沉贯初期,土塞快速隆起,内壁侧摩阻力迅速增加,并大于标准方法。当沉贯至0.3 m时,由于负压的作用,土体快速隆起,内壁侧摩阻力逐渐稳定,并低于标准方法。当沉贯至0.62 m时,内壁侧摩阻力出现拐点。当在粉质黏土中沉贯时,相比淤泥质黏土,内摩擦角和黏聚力较大。与拐点处水平应力云图对比可知,沉贯结束时锚内土体水平应力增大。因此,在粉质黏土中沉贯时的内壁侧摩阻力比淤泥质黏土中的大。尽管在负压沉贯过程中土塞高度不断增加,锚壁与土体接触的面积增大,但数值模拟得到的内壁侧摩阻力仍小于标准方法,主要因为标准方法未考虑负压影响。
图12可知,标准方法得到的外壁侧摩阻力随沉贯深度不断增大。而对于数值模拟方法,在沉贯初期,外侧摩阻力随沉贯深度变化逐渐增大,之后趋于稳定。当沉贯至0.62 m时,沉贯阻力出现拐点。之后,贯入粉质黏土,土体强度增大。同时,与拐点处水平应力云图对比,沉贯结束时锚外土体水平应力增大。因此,在粉质黏土中沉贯时的外壁侧摩阻力大于淤泥质黏土,并随沉贯深度增大。在负压沉贯阶段,数值模拟方法与标准方法的外壁侧摩阻力变化趋势相一致,表明负压对外壁侧摩阻力的影响较小。
图13可知,通过标准方法得到的端部阻力随沉贯深度变化逐渐增大。而对于数值模拟方法,在沉贯初期,端部阻力快速增长,并远大于标准方法的值,表明土塞快速隆起会对端部阻力产生影响。随后,端部阻力趋于稳定,并小于标准方法。当沉贯至0.62 m时,端部阻力出现拐点。当贯入粉质黏土后,土体强度增大。因此,在粉质黏土中沉贯时的端部阻力大于淤泥质黏土。由拐点处竖向应力云图可知,锚端部处形成明显的应力拱。与标准方法对比可知,在负压沉贯阶段,数值模拟方法的端部阻力小于标准方法,说明负压可使端部阻力减小。
采用欧拉-拉格朗日耦合方法建立了成层土中吸力锚施工力学特性数值模型,模拟了吸力锚在自重和负压作用下的沉贯过程,并结合理论方法对其沉贯过程的力学特性进行分析,得出以下主要结论。
(1)在成层土中沉贯时,土塞效应被划分为3个阶段:隆起增长期、隆起过渡期、隆起下滑期。受土塞效应影响,内壁侧摩阻力和端部阻力增大。
(2)在成层土中沉贯时,吸力锚端部处土体形成竖向应力拱。从淤泥质黏土贯入粉质黏土中时,受土体力学特性的影响,竖向应力值增大,竖向应力拱的分布范围变小,竖向应力更集中。
(3)在成层土中沉贯时,土体力学特性在土层界面处发生改变,土体强度增加,侧摩阻力和端部阻力迅速增大。同时,由于负压的作用,土体应力受到干扰,内壁侧摩阻力和端部阻力减小。
  • 上海市2022年度“科技创新行动计划”启明星培育项目扬帆专项(22YF1429900)
  • 同济大学岩土及地下工程教育部重点实验室开放课题(KLE-TJGE-B2405)
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2025年第25卷第19期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406143
  • 接收时间:2024-08-16
  • 首发时间:2025-12-22
  • 出版时间:2025-07-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-16
  • 修回日期:2025-01-02
基金
上海市2022年度“科技创新行动计划”启明星培育项目扬帆专项(22YF1429900)
同济大学岩土及地下工程教育部重点实验室开放课题(KLE-TJGE-B2405)
作者信息
    1 上海理工大学土木工程系, 上海 200093
    2 东华大学土木工程系, 上海 201620
    3 上海市政工程设计研究总院(集团)有限公司, 上海 200092
    4 上海城投公路投资(集团)有限公司, 上海 200336

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*王飞阳(1990—),男,汉族,河南商丘人,博士,讲师。研究方向:海洋岩土工程。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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