Article(id=1209811343838933378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1209811339510411616, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405427, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1721318400000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-19, revisedDate=1734624000000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766371101578, onlineDateStr=2025-12-22, pubDate=1751904000000, pubDateStr=2025-07-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766371101578, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766371101578, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766371101578, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1209811339510411616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='19', pageStart='7885', pageEnd='8315', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766371100547, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766373228996, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1209820266960654935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1209811339510411616, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1209820266960654936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1209811339510411616, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=7953, endPage=7962, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1209811344216420746, articleId=1209811343838933378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Occurrence Characteristics and Potential Evaluation of Geothermal Resources in Dunhuang Basin, columnId=1209811342492570526, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers∙Astronomy and Geosciences, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to enhance the understanding of the characteristics and potential of geothermal resources in the Dunhuang Basin to support exploration and development initiatives, through the application of geothermal exploration techniques and hydrogeochemical analysis, the methods including hydrogen and oxygen isotope testing, Piper diagram analysis, the K-Mg geothermometer, and thermal storage estimation was used to investigate the chemical properties of geothermal water, the recharge source and age, as well as to calculate the thermal storage temperature and geothermal water circulation depth. Furthermore, the potential of geothermal resources in the basin was comprehensively evaluated. The results indicate that the thermal reservoir is primarily composed of argillaceous sandstone, pebbly fine sandstone, and glutenite located in the lower member of the Neogene Shulehe Formation, with the caprock consisting of Quaternary loose rock as well as mudstone and sandy mudstone in the upper member of the same formation. The primary heat source is heat conduction from the upper mantle and deep crust. The geothermal waters are dominated by Cl·SO4-Na hydrochemical components, with temperatures ranging between 28.7 ℃ and 38.0 ℃ and total dissolved solids (TDS) values varying from 1 146 mg/L to 3 250 mg/L. Isotopic analysis, including δD, δ18O,3H, and14C, reveals that the geothermal water represents a mixture of deep groundwater and modern precipitation. The estimated reservoir temperatures range from 39.49 ℃ to 42.75 ℃, and the calculated circulation depths are between 1 020.65 m and 1 268.34 m. These findings suggest that the geothermal resources in the Dunhuang Basin are derived from deep groundwater circulation, replenished by atmospheric precipitation from the southern mountainous regions. The calculated thermal potential modulus of the geothermal fluid is 1.78 × 109 kJ/(km2·a), indicating significant resource potential for future utilization.

, correspAuthors=Ling-peng ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Shan GAO, Ling-peng ZHANG, Lei ZHANG, Yan NAN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1209811346779140546, articleId=1209811343838933378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=敦煌盆地地热资源赋存特征及潜力评价, columnId=1209811342702285729, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文∙天文学、地球科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为提高对敦煌盆地地热资源赋存特征及资源潜力认识程度,指导敦煌盆地地热资源勘查和开发,基于地热勘探和地热水地球化学资料,选用氢氧同位素测试法、Piper图解法、K-Mg地热温标法、热储法等方法研究地热水水化学特征、补给来源及年龄,计算热储温度、循环深度,评价资源潜力。结果显示: 热储层为新近系疏勒河组下段泥质砂岩、含砾细砂岩、砂砾岩,热储盖层为第四系松散岩和新近系疏勒河组上段泥岩、砂质泥岩。热源来自上地幔、地壳深部的热传导。地热水水化学类型主要为Cl·SO4-Na型水,水温28.7 ~ 38.0 ℃,溶解性总固体(total dissolved solids, TDS)1 146 ~ 3 250 mg/L。水化学和δD、δ18O、3H、14C同位素综合分析认为地热水是“古水”与现代冷水的混合水。计算地热田热储温度39.49 ~ 42.75 ℃,地热水循环深度1 020.65 ~ 1 268.34 m。结果表明: 敦煌盆地地热资源是地下水接受南部山区大气降水补给后在深循环过程中形成的地热资源。地热流体热量潜力模数为1.78 × 109 kJ/(km2·a),极具开采潜力。

, correspAuthors=张凌鹏, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*张凌鹏(1984—),男,汉族,甘肃渭源人,正高级工程师。研究方向:水工环地质、地热资源勘查及地质灾害勘查防治。E-mail:
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高山(1985—),男,汉族,吉林公主岭人,高级工程师。研究方向:水工环地质及地热资源勘查。E-mail:

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高山(1985—),男,汉族,吉林公主岭人,高级工程师。研究方向:水工环地质及地热资源勘查。E-mail:

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高山(1985—),男,汉族,吉林公主岭人,高级工程师。研究方向:水工环地质及地热资源勘查。E-mail:

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Geothermics, 1983, 12(2/3): 199-222., articleTitle=Isotopic and chemical composition of parbati valley geothermal discharges, North-West Himalaya, India, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1209888940794966066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343838933378, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1990, volume=35, issue=5, pageStart=378, pageEnd=378, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=68, authorNames=汪集旸, journalName=科学通报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=汪集旸. 利用地热资料确定地下热水循环深度[J]. 科学通报, 1990, 35(5): 378-378., articleTitle=利用地热资料确定地下热水循环深度, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1209888940862074930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343838933378, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1990, volume=35, issue=5, pageStart=378, pageEnd=378, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=69, authorNames=Wang Jiyang, journalName=Chinses Science Bulletin, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Jiyang. 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Science Technology and Engineering, 2023, 23(12): 4917-4927., articleTitle=China's geothermal resource exploration technology research progress under the background of carbon neutrality, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1209888941117927484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343838933378, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=24, issue=9, pageStart=3567, pageEnd=3575, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=72, authorNames=何胜, 汪万录, 赵文强, journalName=科学技术与工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=何胜, 汪万录, 赵文强, 等. 综合地球物理方法在 Ⅱ-3 型地热勘查中的应用: 以青海同仁盆地为例[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2024, 24(9): 3567-3575., articleTitle=综合地球物理方法在 Ⅱ-3 型地热勘查中的应用: 以青海同仁盆地为例, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1209888941206007870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343838933378, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=24, issue=9, pageStart=3567, pageEnd=3575, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=73, authorNames=He Sheng, Wang Wanlu, Zhao Wenqiang, journalName=Science Technology and Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=He Sheng, Wang Wanlu, Zhao Wenqiang, et al. Application of integrated geophysical methods in type Ⅱ-3 geothermal exploration: an example of Tongren Basin in Qinghai Province[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2024, 24(9): 3567-3575., articleTitle=Application of integrated geophysical methods in type Ⅱ-3 geothermal exploration: an example of Tongren Basin in Qinghai Province, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1209888934604174131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343838933378, awardId=201503-D03, language=CN, fundingSource=甘肃省地质勘查基金(201503-D03), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1209888934683865912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343838933378, awardId=201701-D19, language=CN, fundingSource=甘肃省地质勘查基金(201701-D19), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1209888934780334909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343838933378, awardId=2022CX17, language=CN, fundingSource=甘肃省地矿局2022年度创新项目(2022CX17), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1209888928367243789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343838933378, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1209888928375632401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343838933378, companyId=1209888928367243789, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Fourth Institute of Geological and Mineral Exploration of Gansu Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Jiuquan 735000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1209888928379826704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343838933378, companyId=1209888928367243789, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 甘肃省地质矿产勘查开发局第四地质矿产勘查院, 酒泉 735000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1209888928493072920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343838933378, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1209888928501461528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343838933378, companyId=1209888928493072920, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Exploration, Gansu Province, Jiuquan 735000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1209888928505655833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343838933378, companyId=1209888928493072920, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 甘肃省矿产资源勘查重点实验室, 酒泉 735000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1209888931500389047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343838933378, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Structural unit map of Dunhuang Basin (modified from Ref.[25]), figureFileSmall=+ZuP3bVGX0rccuyn0MkyaA==, figureFileBig=+nzq/BxyU7YX0C9207jimA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209888931596858045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343838933378, language=CN, label=图1, caption=敦煌盆地构造单元图(改编自文献[25])

1为第四系上更新统;2为第四系中更新统;3为第四系下更新统;4为石炭系干泉组;5为太古宇-古元古界敦煌岩群;6为印支期二长花岗岩;7为华力西中期石英闪长岩;8为一级断裂;9为凹陷隆起边界;10为隐伏断裂;11为凹陷及凸起界线;12为盆地界线;13为 / m;14为 / m

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1为盖层;2为热储层;3为黏土;4为砂砾石;5为砂;6为泥质砂岩;7为砂岩;8为砂砾岩;9为泥岩;10为砂质泥岩;11为地层代号;12为地层分层深度

, figureFileSmall=HC0MJeYdJHe2YA4u6WWI0A==, figureFileBig=IkhQU9BdSf5N0FamEAHD1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209888931898847947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343838933378, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=δD-δ18O diagram of geothermal water in Dunhuang Basin, figureFileSmall=z6NXXzqHe+4m66icW5TpvQ==, figureFileBig=JbRXUhNMaVshcjdtGXkCig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209888932003705552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343838933378, language=CN, label=图3, caption=敦煌盆地地热水δD-δ18O关系图, figureFileSmall=z6NXXzqHe+4m66icW5TpvQ==, figureFileBig=JbRXUhNMaVshcjdtGXkCig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209888932091785940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343838933378, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Na-K-Mg equilibrium diagram of geothermal water in Dunhuang basin, figureFileSmall=SigUHZUXL7GrvcR1KkwyRA==, figureFileBig=hL4C+skA1O5jdNUQoXQFZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209888932205032153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343838933378, language=CN, label=图4, caption=敦煌盆地地热水Na-K-Mg平衡图, figureFileSmall=SigUHZUXL7GrvcR1KkwyRA==, figureFileBig=hL4C+skA1O5jdNUQoXQFZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209888932301501150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343838933378, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Schoeller diagram of groundwater in Dunhuang Basin, figureFileSmall=SWIH53IwQzR/4LirqERZ/A==, figureFileBig=e+/9KN/H1ER1akKzUA6Qvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209888932393775842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343838933378, language=CN, label=图5, caption=敦煌盆地地下水Schoeller图, figureFileSmall=SWIH53IwQzR/4LirqERZ/A==, figureFileBig=e+/9KN/H1ER1akKzUA6Qvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209888932532187878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343838933378, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Piper diagram of groundwater in Dunhuang Basin, figureFileSmall=tTLTp1BzZRv0CcCjQMl1PA==, figureFileBig=/l6I4EkvEYtVUqLmSSIrgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209888932620268264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343838933378, language=CN, label=图6, caption=敦煌盆地地下水Piper图, figureFileSmall=tTLTp1BzZRv0CcCjQMl1PA==, figureFileBig=/l6I4EkvEYtVUqLmSSIrgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209888932712542955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343838933378, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Conceptual model diagram of geothermal field in Dunhuang Basin, figureFileSmall=q+zEyU+za3fj1cHkKhPtdQ==, figureFileBig=vT6givcBcoeudhpFaMWnDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209888932834177776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343838933378, language=CN, label=图7, caption=敦煌盆地地热田概念模型示意图

1为盖层;2为储层;3为第四系松散岩;4为砂质泥岩;5为砂岩;6为砂砾岩;7为片岩; 8为地层代号;9为推测断层;10为大气降水;11为地下水流向;12为热源

, figureFileSmall=q+zEyU+za3fj1cHkKhPtdQ==, figureFileBig=vT6givcBcoeudhpFaMWnDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209888932926452469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343838933378, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Geological age and thickness of strata tapped by geothermal exploration holes in the Dunhuang Basin

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地层时代 厚度/m 备注
DR01 DR02 DR03 DR04
第四系 251.10 315.00 298.00 297.00
盖层
新近系疏勒河组上段 330.00 270.00 350.00 310.00
新近系疏勒河组下段 57.50 120.00 314.76 410.00 热储层
侏罗系 961.40(未揭穿) 1 217.15(未揭穿) 40.07(未揭穿) 783.00(未揭穿)
), ArticleFig(id=1209888933039698680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343838933378, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

敦煌盆地地热勘探孔地层时代及厚度对比表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地层时代 厚度/m 备注
DR01 DR02 DR03 DR04
第四系 251.10 315.00 298.00 297.00
盖层
新近系疏勒河组上段 330.00 270.00 350.00 310.00
新近系疏勒河组下段 57.50 120.00 314.76 410.00 热储层
侏罗系 961.40(未揭穿) 1 217.15(未揭穿) 40.07(未揭穿) 783.00(未揭穿)
), ArticleFig(id=1209888933136167677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343838933378, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Ground temperature and ground temperature gradient table of different sections of existing geothermal wells in Dunhuang Basin

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
深度/m DR01 DR02 DR03 DR04
温度/℃ 地温梯度/
[℃·(100 m)-1]
温度/℃ 地温梯度/
[℃·(100 m)-1]
温度/℃ 地温梯度/
[℃·(100 m)-1]
温度/℃ 地温梯度/
[℃·(100 m)-1]
50 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.6
400 38.5 6.1 34.0 4.86 26.7 2.77 23.0 1.54
700 40.7 0.73 29.5 0.93 30.4 2.20
800 42.0 2.0 30.3 0.80 32.7 2.30
1 200 48.0 1.5 43.0 2.70
1 600 57.6 2.3 53.0 1.25 55.1 3.45
1 896 56.2 1.08
), ArticleFig(id=1209888933241025278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343838933378, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

敦煌盆地地热勘探孔不同孔段地温及地温梯度表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
深度/m DR01 DR02 DR03 DR04
温度/℃ 地温梯度/
[℃·(100 m)-1]
温度/℃ 地温梯度/
[℃·(100 m)-1]
温度/℃ 地温梯度/
[℃·(100 m)-1]
温度/℃ 地温梯度/
[℃·(100 m)-1]
50 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.6
400 38.5 6.1 34.0 4.86 26.7 2.77 23.0 1.54
700 40.7 0.73 29.5 0.93 30.4 2.20
800 42.0 2.0 30.3 0.80 32.7 2.30
1 200 48.0 1.5 43.0 2.70
1 600 57.6 2.3 53.0 1.25 55.1 3.45
1 896 56.2 1.08
), ArticleFig(id=1209888933345882881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343838933378, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Analysis results of conventional components and characteristic components of geothermal water in Dunhuang Basin

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
勘探
孔号
温度/℃ pH TDS/
(mg·L-1)
总硬度/
(mg·L-1)
ρ/(mg·L-1)
K+ Na+ Ca2+ Mg2+ CO32- HCO3- Cl- SO42-
DR01 37 8.05 3 250 805 8.99 797.0 165 82.7 0.00 79.7 1 252 854
DR02 38 8.71 1 737 710.6 9.40 346.0 76.2 126.4 0.00 436.9 312.7 606.2
DR03 30.2 8.39 1 644 132 3.67 470.0 17.2 17.2 13.1 126 492 416
DR04 28.7 7.78 1 146 134.6 3.30 352.0 33.5 12.4 0.00 190.4 314.1 322.3
勘探
孔号
温度/℃ pH TDS/
(mg·L-1)
总硬度/
(mg·L-1)
ρ/(mg·L-1)
NO3- F H2SiO3 HBO2 Sr Li I Fe Br 游离CO2
DR01 37 8.05 3 250 805 2.2 0.734 13.4 0.386 5.05 0.021 0.002L 0.019 0.22 7.9
DR02 38 8.71 1 737 710.6 22.26 1.2 15.7 0.75 1.091 <0.005 <0.2 0.297 0.1
DR03 30.2 8.39 1 644 132 0.02 0.564 0.81 0.452 1.63 0.03 0.002L* 0.01 0.016L* <0.005
DR04 28.7 7.78 1 146 134.6 0.98 2.2 9.9 13.5 0.019 4 0.38 0.048 <0.005
), ArticleFig(id=1209888933442351872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343838933378, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

敦煌盆地地热水常规组分和特征组分分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
勘探
孔号
温度/℃ pH TDS/
(mg·L-1)
总硬度/
(mg·L-1)
ρ/(mg·L-1)
K+ Na+ Ca2+ Mg2+ CO32- HCO3- Cl- SO42-
DR01 37 8.05 3 250 805 8.99 797.0 165 82.7 0.00 79.7 1 252 854
DR02 38 8.71 1 737 710.6 9.40 346.0 76.2 126.4 0.00 436.9 312.7 606.2
DR03 30.2 8.39 1 644 132 3.67 470.0 17.2 17.2 13.1 126 492 416
DR04 28.7 7.78 1 146 134.6 3.30 352.0 33.5 12.4 0.00 190.4 314.1 322.3
勘探
孔号
温度/℃ pH TDS/
(mg·L-1)
总硬度/
(mg·L-1)
ρ/(mg·L-1)
NO3- F H2SiO3 HBO2 Sr Li I Fe Br 游离CO2
DR01 37 8.05 3 250 805 2.2 0.734 13.4 0.386 5.05 0.021 0.002L 0.019 0.22 7.9
DR02 38 8.71 1 737 710.6 22.26 1.2 15.7 0.75 1.091 <0.005 <0.2 0.297 0.1
DR03 30.2 8.39 1 644 132 0.02 0.564 0.81 0.452 1.63 0.03 0.002L* 0.01 0.016L* <0.005
DR04 28.7 7.78 1 146 134.6 0.98 2.2 9.9 13.5 0.019 4 0.38 0.048 <0.005
), ArticleFig(id=1209888933576569605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343838933378, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Analysis results of conventional components of shallow groundwater in Dunhuang Basin

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
浅层地下水
水井号
温度/℃ pH TDS/
(mg·L-1)
总硬度/
(mg·L-1)
ρ/(mg·L-1)
K+ Na+ Ca2+ Mg2+ CO32- HCO3- Cl- SO42- NO3-
ZK1 15.0 8.83 616 293 5.41 109 24.1 56.6 19.6 193 115 143 1.70
ZK3 11.0 7.94 560 386 3.99 65.9 70.8 50.6 0.0 372 72.4 118 0.549
ZK4 13.0 9.58 488 171 5.63 118 1.90 31.4 32.7 139 64.3 139 0.028
DJ13 12.0 7.88 1 526 810 10.1 216 63.1 158 0.0 491 228 535 0.111
), ArticleFig(id=1209888933652067083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343838933378, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

敦煌盆地浅层地下水常规组分分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
浅层地下水
水井号
温度/℃ pH TDS/
(mg·L-1)
总硬度/
(mg·L-1)
ρ/(mg·L-1)
K+ Na+ Ca2+ Mg2+ CO32- HCO3- Cl- SO42- NO3-
ZK1 15.0 8.83 616 293 5.41 109 24.1 56.6 19.6 193 115 143 1.70
ZK3 11.0 7.94 560 386 3.99 65.9 70.8 50.6 0.0 372 72.4 118 0.549
ZK4 13.0 9.58 488 171 5.63 118 1.90 31.4 32.7 139 64.3 139 0.028
DJ13 12.0 7.88 1 526 810 10.1 216 63.1 158 0.0 491 228 535 0.111
), ArticleFig(id=1209888933752730382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343838933378, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Analysis results of δD, δ18O,14C and3H of hot water in Dunhuang Basin

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
勘探孔号 温度/℃ pH TDS/(mg·L-1) δD/‰ δ18O/‰ 14C/ka 3H/TU
DR01 37 8.05 3 250 -68 -9.1 23.24±1.20 <1.0
DR03 30.2 8.39 1 644 -83 -11.0 7.46±0.35 <1.0
DR04 28.7 7.78 1 146 -81 -11.3 17.98±0.46 <1.0
), ArticleFig(id=1209888933840810769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343838933378, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

敦煌盆地地热水δD、δ18O、14C、3H分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
勘探孔号 温度/℃ pH TDS/(mg·L-1) δD/‰ δ18O/‰ 14C/ka 3H/TU
DR01 37 8.05 3 250 -68 -9.1 23.24±1.20 <1.0
DR03 30.2 8.39 1 644 -83 -11.0 7.46±0.35 <1.0
DR04 28.7 7.78 1 146 -81 -11.3 17.98±0.46 <1.0
), ArticleFig(id=1209888933949862679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343838933378, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Calculation results of K-Mg temperature scale of geothermal water in Dunhuang Basin

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
勘探孔号 DR01 DR02 DR03 DR04
ρ(K+)/(mg·L-1) 82.7 126.4 17.2 12.4
ρ(Mg2+)/(mg·L-1) 8.99 9.4 3.67 3.3
实测井口出口水温/℃ 37 38 30.2 28.7
估算热储温度/℃ 42.75 39.49 40.59 41.71
估算热储平均温度/℃ 41.14
), ArticleFig(id=1209888934058914585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343838933378, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

敦煌盆地地热水K-Mg温标计算结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
勘探孔号 DR01 DR02 DR03 DR04
ρ(K+)/(mg·L-1) 82.7 126.4 17.2 12.4
ρ(Mg2+)/(mg·L-1) 8.99 9.4 3.67 3.3
实测井口出口水温/℃ 37 38 30.2 28.7
估算热储温度/℃ 42.75 39.49 40.59 41.71
估算热储平均温度/℃ 41.14
), ArticleFig(id=1209888934151189279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343838933378, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Calculation of hot water circulation depth of geothermal exploration hole in Dunhuang Basin

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
勘探
孔号
孔深/m 测温
深度/m
热储温度/
恒温带
温度/℃
平均地热增温梯度/
(℃·100-1·m-1)
恒温带平均
深度/m
已有勘探孔热储
底板深度/m
推测地热水循环
深度/m
DR01 1 600.00 1 600.00 39.5 12 2.51 30 638.60 1 125.62
DR02 1 922.14 1 896.00 38.5 12 2.14 30 705.00 1 268.32
DR03 1 002.83 962.00 33.2 12 2.14 30 962.76 1 020.65
DR04 1 800.00 1 800.00 37.8 12 2.40 30 1 017.00 1 105.00
), ArticleFig(id=1209888934251852579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343838933378, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

敦煌盆地地热勘探孔计算热水循环深度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
勘探
孔号
孔深/m 测温
深度/m
热储温度/
恒温带
温度/℃
平均地热增温梯度/
(℃·100-1·m-1)
恒温带平均
深度/m
已有勘探孔热储
底板深度/m
推测地热水循环
深度/m
DR01 1 600.00 1 600.00 39.5 12 2.51 30 638.60 1 125.62
DR02 1 922.14 1 896.00 38.5 12 2.14 30 705.00 1 268.32
DR03 1 002.83 962.00 33.2 12 2.14 30 962.76 1 020.65
DR04 1 800.00 1 800.00 37.8 12 2.40 30 1 017.00 1 105.00
), ArticleFig(id=1209888934352515881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343838933378, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Calculation of geothermal fluid heat potential modulus in Dunhuang Basin

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价区域 地热流体可开采热量/
[109(kJ·a-1)]
地热流体已开采热量/
[109(kJ·a-1)]
地热流体热量补给量/
[109 (kJ·a-1)]
面积/
km2
热量潜力模数/
[109kJ·(km2·a)-1]
开发利用
潜力分区
敦煌市 1 080 22.1 149 676.47 1.78 极具
), ArticleFig(id=1209888934432207661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343838933378, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

敦煌盆地地热流体热量潜力模数计算

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价区域 地热流体可开采热量/
[109(kJ·a-1)]
地热流体已开采热量/
[109(kJ·a-1)]
地热流体热量补给量/
[109 (kJ·a-1)]
面积/
km2
热量潜力模数/
[109kJ·(km2·a)-1]
开发利用
潜力分区
敦煌市 1 080 22.1 149 676.47 1.78 极具
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高山 1 , 张凌鹏 1, 2, * , 张磊 1 , 南艳 1
科学技术与工程 | 论文∙天文学、地球科学 2025,25(19): 7953-7962
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科学技术与工程 | 论文∙天文学、地球科学 2025, 25(19): 7953-7962
敦煌盆地地热资源赋存特征及潜力评价
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高山1 , 张凌鹏1, 2, * , 张磊1, 南艳1
作者信息
  • 1 甘肃省地质矿产勘查开发局第四地质矿产勘查院, 酒泉 735000
  • 2 甘肃省矿产资源勘查重点实验室, 酒泉 735000
  • 高山(1985—),男,汉族,吉林公主岭人,高级工程师。研究方向:水工环地质及地热资源勘查。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*张凌鹏(1984—),男,汉族,甘肃渭源人,正高级工程师。研究方向:水工环地质、地热资源勘查及地质灾害勘查防治。E-mail:
Occurrence Characteristics and Potential Evaluation of Geothermal Resources in Dunhuang Basin
Shan GAO1 , Ling-peng ZHANG1, 2, * , Lei ZHANG1, Yan NAN1
Affiliations
  • 1 Fourth Institute of Geological and Mineral Exploration of Gansu Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Jiuquan 735000, China
  • 2 Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Exploration, Gansu Province, Jiuquan 735000, China
出版时间: 2025-07-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405427
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为提高对敦煌盆地地热资源赋存特征及资源潜力认识程度,指导敦煌盆地地热资源勘查和开发,基于地热勘探和地热水地球化学资料,选用氢氧同位素测试法、Piper图解法、K-Mg地热温标法、热储法等方法研究地热水水化学特征、补给来源及年龄,计算热储温度、循环深度,评价资源潜力。结果显示: 热储层为新近系疏勒河组下段泥质砂岩、含砾细砂岩、砂砾岩,热储盖层为第四系松散岩和新近系疏勒河组上段泥岩、砂质泥岩。热源来自上地幔、地壳深部的热传导。地热水水化学类型主要为Cl·SO4-Na型水,水温28.7 ~ 38.0 ℃,溶解性总固体(total dissolved solids, TDS)1 146 ~ 3 250 mg/L。水化学和δD、δ18O、3H、14C同位素综合分析认为地热水是“古水”与现代冷水的混合水。计算地热田热储温度39.49 ~ 42.75 ℃,地热水循环深度1 020.65 ~ 1 268.34 m。结果表明: 敦煌盆地地热资源是地下水接受南部山区大气降水补给后在深循环过程中形成的地热资源。地热流体热量潜力模数为1.78 × 109 kJ/(km2·a),极具开采潜力。

地热资源  /  地下水年龄  /  水化学  /  地热成因  /  潜力评价  /  敦煌盆地

In order to enhance the understanding of the characteristics and potential of geothermal resources in the Dunhuang Basin to support exploration and development initiatives, through the application of geothermal exploration techniques and hydrogeochemical analysis, the methods including hydrogen and oxygen isotope testing, Piper diagram analysis, the K-Mg geothermometer, and thermal storage estimation was used to investigate the chemical properties of geothermal water, the recharge source and age, as well as to calculate the thermal storage temperature and geothermal water circulation depth. Furthermore, the potential of geothermal resources in the basin was comprehensively evaluated. The results indicate that the thermal reservoir is primarily composed of argillaceous sandstone, pebbly fine sandstone, and glutenite located in the lower member of the Neogene Shulehe Formation, with the caprock consisting of Quaternary loose rock as well as mudstone and sandy mudstone in the upper member of the same formation. The primary heat source is heat conduction from the upper mantle and deep crust. The geothermal waters are dominated by Cl·SO4-Na hydrochemical components, with temperatures ranging between 28.7 ℃ and 38.0 ℃ and total dissolved solids (TDS) values varying from 1 146 mg/L to 3 250 mg/L. Isotopic analysis, including δD, δ18O,3H, and14C, reveals that the geothermal water represents a mixture of deep groundwater and modern precipitation. The estimated reservoir temperatures range from 39.49 ℃ to 42.75 ℃, and the calculated circulation depths are between 1 020.65 m and 1 268.34 m. These findings suggest that the geothermal resources in the Dunhuang Basin are derived from deep groundwater circulation, replenished by atmospheric precipitation from the southern mountainous regions. The calculated thermal potential modulus of the geothermal fluid is 1.78 × 109 kJ/(km2·a), indicating significant resource potential for future utilization.

geothermal resources  /  groundwater age  /  hydrochemistry  /  geothermal genesis  /  potential assessm  /  Dunhuang Basin
高山, 张凌鹏, 张磊, 南艳. 敦煌盆地地热资源赋存特征及潜力评价. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (19) : 7953 -7962 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405427
Shan GAO, Ling-peng ZHANG, Lei ZHANG, Yan NAN. Occurrence Characteristics and Potential Evaluation of Geothermal Resources in Dunhuang Basin[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (19) : 7953 -7962 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405427
敦煌是“一带一路”重要节点城市,中外文化交流的制高点,莫高窟、鸣沙山月牙泉等名胜古迹享誉世界。在“碳达峰” “碳中和”政策目标下,敦煌未来发展对使用清洁可再生能源需求空前。地热是具有储量大、安全稳定等特点的清洁可再生新型能源[1]。尽早调整能源结构,有效利用地热资源,对敦煌早日实现“碳达峰” “碳中和”意义重大。
近20年来,地热已被世界诸多国家广泛应用[2],全球地热直接利用装机总量已达108 000 MW[3]。中国地热利用和研究工作正处于全面发展阶段[4],针对全国[5-7],以及青藏[8-9]、川滇[10]、新疆[11]、华北[12]、长三角[13]、松辽[14]等地区的地热研究成果丰硕。王贵玲等[7]研究表明,中国地热资源量相对较为丰富,仅主要沉积盆地传导型地热资源便可折合标煤1.06 × 1013 t,占全国总储量的85%。甘肃地处青藏高原、内蒙古高原和黄土高原交汇部位,地质构造运动强烈,岩浆活动频繁,沉积盆地广泛分布,具备良好的地热资源形成条件。目前已查明甘肃省内10余处隆起山地对流型地热田和6处沉积盆地传导型地热田地热地质条件。经喻生波等[15]评价,甘肃可利用的沉积盆地传导型地热资源可折合标煤1.41 × 1010 t,开发潜力巨大。
1999年以来,敦煌相继施工地热勘探孔4眼,孔深1 002.83 ~ 1 800.00 m,取水层位590.00 ~ 981.00 m,孔口出水温度28.7 ~ 38.0 ℃,单孔涌水量1 000 ~ 2 000 m3/d,勘探成果证实敦煌赋存丰富的沉积盆地传导型低温地热资源[16]。自20世纪40年代以来,地学有关单位和科研人员对敦煌地质构造、地温场特征、地热成因类型等领域开展了相应的研究,安永康等[17]、张家峰等[18]总结了地热资源类型及埋藏分布规律;丁宏伟等[19]分析了深层地下水形成机制;张凌鹏等[20]研究了地热水水化学、环境同位素特征及地热水形成年龄;谢娜等[21]对地热资源进行了概略评价。
水文地球化学组分可用来分析地热水来源及其形成演化过程[22]。采用氢氧同位素测试法、Piper图解法、K-Mg地热温标法等水文地球化学方法专门研究敦煌地热水来源及年龄、热储温度、地热水循环深度等地热资源赋存特征并评价其资源潜力,本文尚属首次。研究成果可为改善敦煌生态环境、促进清洁资源发展、保护名胜古迹以及地热资源的勘查和开发提供重要参考。
敦煌盆地是以太古宇-古元古界敦煌岩群为基底的中-新生代坳陷盆地,盆地的形成经历了杨子旋回、兴凯旋回、加里东旋回、华力西旋回与阿尔卑斯旋回5个旋回期次[23]。其中,阿尔卑斯旋回早期的印支亚旋回形成了甘肃西部地区诸多构造盆地,沉积建造多为河流相-湖相,盆地边缘多见角度不整合。燕山亚旋回是甘肃西部地区诸多盆地广泛发育时期,从侏罗纪开始,受南缘大型逆冲断层和北缘断陷控制,各盆地普遍下沉并接受沉积,尤以中-新生代下陷沉积最为强烈,盆地形成过程中地壳减薄,地温梯度随之增高,有利于中低温水热型地热资源的形成[24]。喜马拉雅亚旋回是甘肃西部地区诸多盆地形成的极盛时期,普遍堆积了巨厚层的磨拉石建造,形成了良好的地热盖层。
敦煌盆地基底起伏强烈,褶皱形态变化大,总体呈“凹”字形构造格局,自西向东划分为西戈壁浅陷、五墩深凹、疙瘩井过渡带、鸣沙山凸起4个次级构造单元[25],如图1所示。五墩深凹是敦煌形成沉积盆地型地热资源的主要区域,深凹走向北东,东西长约150 km,南北宽20 ~ 60 km,总面积达3 300 km2。根据钻孔揭露,深凹内侏罗系岩性以暗色泥岩、粉细砂岩为主,泥岩与细砂岩、粉细砂岩互层,泥质含量高,厚度大于1 892 m,伏于新近系之下。新近系厚度387.50 ~ 720.00 m,下部主要为灰白色细砂岩、桔红色砾岩与浅灰色、灰色、棕褐色及灰绿色泥质岩,上部以灰色、深灰色泥岩为主,局部夹有钙质泥岩、泥质砂岩,伏于第四系之下。第四系发育较全,岩性以松散沉积物为主,厚度为150.00 ~ 315.00 m。
研究资料来源于甘肃省地矿局、甘肃省有色地质局等单位在敦煌地热勘探时形成的4眼勘探孔的编录、测温、水文地球化学等成果资料,资料均通过省级主管部门验收评审,真实可靠。测试样品是在敦煌盆地已有地热勘探孔及浅层地下水代表性水井中采集,采样点位如图1所示。采集水质全分析样品8组,检测K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl-、SO42-、CO32-、HCO3-、NO3-、游离CO2、总硬度、总碱度、溶解性总固体(total dissolved solids, TDS)、pH、Fe2+、Fe3+、NH4+、Al3+、F-、NO2-、Br-、I-、Li、Sr、Zn、Se、Cu、Hg、Cd、Ba、Cr6+、Pb、Mn、As、Ag共35项水质因子;采集微量元素分析样品4组,检测F、Br、I、Al、Pb、Cr、Se、Fe、Mn、Li、Sr、Cu、Zn、游离CO2、偏硅酸共15项元素浓度;采集稳定同位素样品3组,检测δD、δ18O;采集放射性同位素样品3组,检测3H、14C。样品检测由具备检测和计量认证资质的甘肃省地质矿产勘查开发局第四地质矿产勘查院实验室、中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所完成,结果真实可靠。
根据敦煌盆地勘探孔地层对比图(图2)、敦煌盆地地热勘探孔地层时代及厚度对比表(表1)可知,敦煌盆地地热田热储层为新近系疏勒河组下段泥质砂岩、砂砾岩、含砾细砂岩等,热储厚57.50 ~ 410.00 m,富水层段为590.00 ~ 981.00 m段,含水层厚36.00 ~ 150.00 m。热储层饱和状态孔隙率8%,饱和状态含水率10%。井口出水温度为28.7 ~ 38.0 ℃,单位涌水量为1 000 ~ 2 000 m3/d。该热储层具有孔隙度大,渗透率高,水量较大,水温较低的特点。第四系松散岩和新近系疏勒河组上段泥岩、砂质泥岩共同构成厚581.00 ~ 648.00 m的热储盖层。
大地热流和地温场特征是开展地热评价、油气勘探的重要参数[26]。根据敦煌盆地现有勘探孔测温数据(表2)可知,敦煌盆地50 m以浅为恒温带,温度低于17 ℃,50~400 m属快速增温段,平均地温梯度为4.86 ℃/100 m;400~800 m段地温增幅变小,属缓慢增温带,平均地温梯度为2.0 ℃/100 m;800~1 200 m段地温梯度为1.5 ℃/100 m;1 200~1 600 m段地温梯度为1.25 ℃/100 m;1 600~1 900 m段地温梯度为1.08 ℃/100 m。总体来看,地温梯度介于0.73 ~ 6.10 ℃/100 m,平均地温梯度为2.14 ℃/100 m,其规律符合甘肃省中-新生代坳陷盆地地温场特征。
根据敦煌盆地地热水常规组分和特征组分分析结果(表3表4)可知,地热水pH介于7.78 ~ 8.71,平均pH为8.23,属碱性水,溶解性总固体(total dissolved solids, TDS)介于1 146 ~ 3 250 mg/L,平均1 654 mg/L,属微咸水。地热水中的阴、阳离子以Cl-、SO42-、Na+为主,平均浓度分别为592.7、549.62、491.25 mg/L。采用舒卡列夫分类法对地热水进行分类,水化学类型主要为Cl·SO4-Na型水,少数为SO4·Cl-Na·Mg型水。地热水中含量较高的特征成分是F、Sr,F介于0.564 ~ 2.20 mg/L之间,平均1.17 mg/L,Sr介于1.091 ~ 13.50 mg/L之间,平均5.32 mg/L。F、Sr含量达到《地热资源地质勘查规范》(GB/T 11615—2010)、《天然矿泉水资源地质勘查规范》(GB/T 13727—2016)中理疗热矿水、饮用天然矿泉水命名标准,可命名为氟水、锶水、锶型饮用天然矿泉水。
由敦煌盆地地热水δD、δ18O、14C、3H同位素分析结果(表5)可知,地热水δD值介于-68‰~-83‰之间,平均值-77‰,δ18O值介于-9.1‰~-11.3‰,平均值-10.5‰,δ18O、δD变幅不大,平均含量明显高于敦煌大气降水值(δD平均值-40.95‰,δ18O平均值-5.86‰)[27]3H全部小于1.0 TU,14C表观年龄介于[(7.46±0.35)~(23.24±1.20) ka],与甘肃河西走廊其他盆地地热水3H、14C表观年龄相近(张掖盆地3H介于[0.5~(1.5 ±0.7)] TU[28];张掖-民乐盆地14C表观年龄36.5 ~ 38.6 ka、酒泉东盆地14C表观年龄为6.7 ~ 42.5 ka、敦煌-瓜州盆地14C表观年龄为8.5 ~ 21.4 ka[20])。
盖层、储层、热源及通道4个方面是评价水热系统最为经典的概念模型[29]。敦煌盆地地热田由第四系松散岩和新近系疏勒河组上段泥岩、砂质泥岩等共同构成厚468.00 ~ 581.00 m的热储盖层。新近系疏勒河组下段581.00 ~ 981.00 m厚的泥质砂岩、含砾细砂岩、砂砾岩为孔隙型热储层。热源来自上地幔、地壳深部的热传导,即地下热能通过岩层传导,加热地热水围岩。南部山区山前深大断裂、盆地内SW—NE向断裂及热储层间孔隙是地热水良好的深循环通道。
δD、δ18O同位素是确定地下水补给来源的重要手段,将敦煌盆地热水δD-δ18O关系反映在全球大气降水线上[30],如图3所示,采样点全部落在全球大气降水线和敦煌盆地大气降水线下方且靠近敦煌盆地大气降水线,说明敦煌盆地地下水补给来源主要为大气降水[31],同时,地热水δ18O、δD未发生明显向右的“氧漂移”现象,表明研究区地热水的热储温度不高,水-岩相互作用不强烈。
1953年核试验以后,大气降水中的3H含量递增,由原来的几TU增加到数百至数千TU,因此,可利用水中的3H浓度来判断水的新老。3H含量低(如<2 TU),则为1953年前形成的“老水”,3H含量高,则包含1953年后补给的“新水”[32]14C的半衰期为(5 730 ± 40) a,常用来测定2 ~ 60 ka的古地下水年龄[28]。由表5可以看出,地热水3H全部小于1.0 TU,说明地热水是1953年前形成的“老水”,14C表观年龄介于[(7.46 ± 0.35) ~ (23.24 ± 1.20)] ka,证实敦煌盆地地热水形成时间早,属“古水”。
Giggenbach[33]在1988年提出利用Na-K-Mg三角图评价水-岩平衡状态,图解将水-岩平衡状态分为完全平衡水、部分平衡或混合水、未成熟水3种类型[34]。将敦煌盆地地热水中的Na+、K+、Mg2+离子含量经转换后投影于Na-K-Mg平衡图解上用来评价敦煌盆地地热水水-岩平衡状态,如图4所示,3处采样点落在部分平衡水或混合水区和未成熟水区平衡线附近,1处采样点落在未成熟水区,说明敦煌盆地地热水水-岩相互作用于初级阶段,水-岩反应远未平衡,同时也说明敦煌盆地地热水循环时间较长,循环深度较大,且在循环的过程中有冷水混入,改变水-岩平衡状态。综合分析,敦煌盆地地热水是“古水”与现代水的混合水。
敦煌盆地地热水水化学类型主要为Cl·SO4-Na型水,少数为SO4·Cl-Na·Mg型水,平均pH为8.23,溶解性总固体(total dissolved solids, TDS)>1 g/L,是甘肃西部沉积盆地传导型热矿水的典型特征。利用地热水和浅层地下水的常规组分分析结果(表3表4)绘制敦煌盆地地下水Schoeller图,如图5所示,地热水中的Cl-、S O 4 2 -、Na+明显高于地下冷水,说明地热水在深循环的过程中,水与围岩相互发生作用,产生离子交换。随着循环深度的不断增加和循环时间逐渐增大,地热水中的阳离子Mg2+和Ca2+与阴离子 H C O 3 -发生吸附沉淀,使地热水阳离子Na+被保留下来。
利用地热水和浅层地下水的常规组分分析结果(表3表4)绘制敦煌盆地地下水Piper图,如图6所示,所有地热水均为钠型水,说明地热水中其他阳离子的吸附能力较强,容易在地层深处发生阳离子交替吸附,使得Na+更加聚集。阴离子以Cl-为主,主要因Cl-的盐类矿物溶解度较高,迁移能力强,表明地热水在深循环的过程主要受岩盐矿物溶解的影响。同时也说明各勘探孔中的地热水属于同成因、同演化环境的地下水,赋存层位、演化特征、补径排条件基本一致。
地热水中的特征组分是F、Sr。F、Sr的富集与水温、pH和K+、Na2+、Ca2+具有一定的相关性。自然界中的NaF3、NaF极少,绝大多数是含氟硅酸盐。水温升高会加速化学反应,使含氟硅酸盐更多溶解于水,当碱金属含氟硅酸盐水解时,便增强了水的碱性,而水的碱性又反向强化含氟硅酸盐溶解作用,从而提高氟在水中的迁移和聚集程度。pH增大是加速矿物溶解的关键因素,加速矿物溶解的同时抑制钙的存在,pH越高则含氟硅酸盐溶解速度越大,F从含氟硅酸盐中释放出来的速度就越快,有利于F在水中的聚集。Na含量的增大也有利于F的富集,在碱性热水的作用下,F进入水中容易形成NaF,保证F在水中的稳定性。F与Ca在水中形成难溶的CaF2,F与Ca为拮抗体,F的增大会抑制了Ca的增加。Sr在水中以离子的形式存在,盆地内地热水中的Sr是水与碳酸岩矿物相互作用产生,水中Ca、K与含锶碳酸岩矿物相互置换,Sr置换Ca2+,K捕获Sr2+,促使水中Sr富集。
地热温标法是确定热储温度最经济有效的手段[35],根据地热温标法适用条件[36],本次研究选用K-Mg温标[37]来计算热储温度,即
T = 4   410 139.5 - l g C 1 C 2 - 273.15
式(1)中:T为热储温度,℃;C1为热水中K+的质量浓度,mg/L;C2为热水中Mg2+的质量浓度,mg/L。
经计算,敦煌盆地热储温度介于39.49 ~ 42.75 ℃,平均热储温度41.14 ℃,说明敦煌盆地热储属低温热储。敦煌盆地地热水K-Mg温标计算结果如表6所示。
地热水循环深度可采用管道模型法进行估算[38],即
Z = T - T 0 G + Z 0
式(2)中:Z为地热水循环深度,m;T为热储温度,℃;T0为恒温带温度,℃;G为地热增温梯度,℃/100 m;Z0为恒温带平均深度/m。敦煌盆地平均地温梯度介于2.14 ~ 2.51 ℃/100 m,恒温带平均深度为0 m,平均温度为12 ℃。
经计算,敦煌盆地地热水循环深度介于1 020.65 ~ 1 268.34 m,比已有勘探孔热储底板深57.89 ~ 563.32 m,说明热储底部仍有一定深度的热水循环。敦煌盆地地热勘探孔计算热水循环深度如表7所示。
敦煌盆地地热资源属水热型地热资源,根据《地热资源地质勘查规范》(GB/T 11615—2010)及已有勘探孔资料,选取热储温度、岩石比热、水的比热等数据参数,采用热储法评价其资源潜力[7],即
M = E y - E k + R A
式(3)中:M为地热流体热量潜力模数,kJ/(km2·a);Ek为地热流体可采热量,kJ/a;Ey为地热流体已采热量,kJ/a;R为地热流体热量补给量,kJ/a;A为评价区(敦煌市城区及周边主要乡镇)面积,km2
经计算,敦煌盆地地热流体热量潜力模数为1.78 × 109 kJ/(km2·a),开发利用潜力分区属极具开发利用潜力区。敦煌盆地地热流体热量潜力模数计算如表8所示。
(1)敦煌盆地地热地质条件良好,新近系疏勒河组下段泥质砂岩、砂砾岩、含砾细砂岩具有孔隙度大、渗透率高、水量较大的特点,是敦煌盆地最为理想的孔隙型热储层,第四系松散岩与新近系疏勒河组上段泥岩、砂质泥岩等共同构成具有良好保温效果的热储盖层。热源主要源于上地幔、地壳深部的热传导。地下水接受南部山区大气降水补给后,经山前大断裂导入深部地层,后沿盆地内SW-NE向断裂及热储层间孔隙由南向北运移,在深循环过程中,汲取围岩中的热量,发生水-岩相互作用,形成地热资源。敦煌盆地地热田概念模型如图7所示。
(2)地热水水化学类型主要为Cl·SO4-Na型水,少数为SO4·Cl-Na·Mg型水,平均pH为8.23,溶解性总固体(total dissolved solids, TDS)>1 g/L。水化学分析证实地热水是偏向于“古水”或径流距离较远的地下水,且在深循环的过程中有冷水混入。δD、δ18O同位素分析证实地热水属大气降水成因。3H、14C同位素分析证实地热水是形成时间较早的“古水”。综合分析,敦煌盆地地热水是“古水”与现代冷水的混合水。
(3)地热水循环深度比已有勘探孔热储底板深度深57.89 ~ 563.32 m,说明敦煌盆地仍有勘查出较高水温地热资源的潜力。地热流体热量潜力模数为1.78 × 109 kJ/(km2·a),开发潜力分区属极具开发潜力区。经济、合理、有效开发利用敦煌盆地地热资源,可获得良好的社会经济效益。
(4)甘肃河西走廊诸多中-新生代盆地沉积环境复杂,研究敦煌盆地地热资源赋存特征可对提高河西走廊其他盆地地热资源认识有指导价值。在未来研究过程中,可采用81Kr、87Sr/86Sr等同位素技术[20],进一步加强对敦煌盆地地热水水化学特征的认识。在未来勘查过程中,可选用较为先进的微动、广域电磁法、可控源音频大地电磁法等地球物理勘查方法[39-40],更高效、准确地定位深层热储,同时加强地热水循环深度研究,勘查更深循环的地热水,提高出水温度。在未来开发利用过程中,可借鉴国内外低温地热资源开发利用成功案例,打造无干扰地热供暖、洗浴康养等地热利用示范工程,为建设绿色敦煌、生态敦煌添砖加瓦。
  • 甘肃省地质勘查基金(201503-D03)
  • 甘肃省地质勘查基金(201701-D19)
  • 甘肃省地矿局2022年度创新项目(2022CX17)
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2025年第25卷第19期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405427
  • 接收时间:2024-07-19
  • 首发时间:2025-12-22
  • 出版时间:2025-07-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-19
  • 修回日期:2024-12-20
基金
甘肃省地质勘查基金(201503-D03)
甘肃省地质勘查基金(201701-D19)
甘肃省地矿局2022年度创新项目(2022CX17)
作者信息
    1 甘肃省地质矿产勘查开发局第四地质矿产勘查院, 酒泉 735000
    2 甘肃省矿产资源勘查重点实验室, 酒泉 735000

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*张凌鹏(1984—),男,汉族,甘肃渭源人,正高级工程师。研究方向:水工环地质、地热资源勘查及地质灾害勘查防治。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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