Article(id=1209811343109133223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1209811339510411616, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406099, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1723651200000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-15, revisedDate=1735747200000, revisedDateStr=2025-01-02, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766371101404, onlineDateStr=2025-12-22, pubDate=1751904000000, pubDateStr=2025-07-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766371101404, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766371101404, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766371101404, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1209811339510411616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='19', pageStart='7885', pageEnd='8315', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766371100547, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766373228996, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1209820266960654935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1209811339510411616, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1209820266960654936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1209811339510411616, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=8090, endPage=8098, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1209811343583089587, articleId=1209811343109133223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Capacity Optimization Configuration of Hybrid Energy Storage System Based on EMD-VMD, columnId=1209811343444677551, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers∙Electrical Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to solve the problems of wind power fluctuations and intermittency during grid integration, which affect the stable operation of the power grid, a capacity optimization configuration scheme for a flywheel-lithium battery hybrid energy storage system was proposed. This scheme combined empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and variational mode decomposition (VMD). Firstly, typical daily data was obtained using the K-means algorithm, and EMD was applied to decompose the output power signal of these typical wind power daily data into grid-connected power that meets fluctuation limits and power that needs to be smoothed by the hybrid energy storage system. Then, the sparrow search algorithm was used to optimize the number of decomposition modes K and the quadratic penalty factor α in the VMD algorithm. By decomposing the power that needs smoothing using VMD, a reasonable allocation between lithium batteries and flywheel energy storage was achieved. Finally, considering the constraints of energy storage charging and discharging power and state of charge, an economic model was constructed with energy storage cost as the objective function. The actual power generation data of Qiejidunqu wind farm in Gonghe County, Hainan Prefecture, Qinghai Province were simulated and calculated by MATLAB platform. The results show that the proposed strategy not only effectively mitigates wind power fluctuations but also improves the overall economy of the system.

, correspAuthors=Fu-bao JIN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Deng-tao ZHOU, Fu-bao JIN, Shan-gang MA, Yan-ming QI, Qiang ZHANG, Rui-ting ZHAO, Ruo-bing LI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1209811347748032579, articleId=1209811343109133223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=基于EMD-VMD的混合储能系统容量优化配置, columnId=1209811343750861749, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文∙电工技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=为解决并网过程中,风电功率波动、间隙性等影响电网稳定运行的问题,提出一种利用经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,EMD)和变分模态分解(variational mode decomposition,VMD)结合的飞轮-锂电混合储能系统的容量优化配置方案。首先,采用K均值算法得到典型日数据,通过EMD将风电典型日数据输出功率信号分解为满足波动量限值的并网功率和混合储能平抑功率;然后,由麻雀搜索算法完成VMD算法中分解模态个数K值和二次惩罚因子α值的优化,通过VMD分解混合储能平抑功率,完成锂电池和飞轮储能的合理分配。最后,在考虑储能充放电功率和荷电状态约束条件的前提下,以储能成本为目标函数构建经济模型,采用青海省海南州共和县切吉敦曲风电场实际发电数据借助MATLAB平台进行仿真计算。结果表明:所提策略不仅有效地平抑了风电波动,还提高了整个系统的经济性。, correspAuthors=金福宝, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*金福宝(1981—),男,回族,青海西宁人,博士,教授。研究方向:清洁能源技术。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=UQtiU+2T8ma8RhSp+XyIqQ==, magXml=MEx9rn8l9s2L8JqZlUkzyQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=mvUkPGWLOjWTAiQ2Dhi/Jw==, pdfFileSize=7122727, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=TVeixTeYXr+K9mrvAAXnVA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=AkUSvzhzYPN5Y+VskFlCIQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

周登涛(1998—),男,汉族,安徽寿县人,硕士研究生。研究方向:储能技术。E-mail:

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周登涛(1998—),男,汉族,安徽寿县人,硕士研究生。研究方向:储能技术。E-mail:

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周登涛(1998—),男,汉族,安徽寿县人,硕士研究生。研究方向:储能技术。E-mail:

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Science Technology and Engineering, 2022, 22(28): 12432-12439., articleTitle=Optimization analysis of hybrid energy storage capacity for improving power grid stroke permeability, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1209885584366104714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343109133223, awardId=SGQHXNFSNYJS2400216, language=CN, fundingSource=青海省国网公司科技项目(SGQHXNFSNYJS2400216), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1209885584437407884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343109133223, awardId=SKLD22KM10, language=CN, fundingSource=新型电力系统运行与控制全国重点实验室开放基金(SKLD22KM10), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1209885584496128144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343109133223, awardId=SGQHJY00NYJS2310220, language=CN, fundingSource=青海省光伏发电并网技术重点实验室2023年开放性课题(SGQHJY00NYJS2310220), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1209885577680384747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343109133223, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1209885577688773354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343109133223, companyId=1209885577680384747, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1209885577697161963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343109133223, companyId=1209885577680384747, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=青海大学能源与电气工程学院, 西宁 810016)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1209885580901610432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343109133223, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Structure diagram of wind storage combined system, figureFileSmall=zZ1MSG3Cy1pGmUdp6C9ZqA==, figureFileBig=m5JEOy9JZEY3gGYy0Mn2YA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209885580993885127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343109133223, language=CN, label=图1, caption=风储联合系统结构图

P W为原始风电功率; P 0为经过HESS平抑后的风电功率; P H E S S为HESS功率; P B P F为锂电池储能和飞轮储能平抑的功率

, figureFileSmall=zZ1MSG3Cy1pGmUdp6C9ZqA==, figureFileBig=m5JEOy9JZEY3gGYy0Mn2YA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209885581144880081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343109133223, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Flow chart of SSA optimization VMD parameters, figureFileSmall=dKVDkujwNlUXJbGbZqxrUA==, figureFileBig=eLK8OFLtT9/Ucqw9RIyYgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209885581245543384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343109133223, language=CN, label=图2, caption=SSA优化VMD参数流程图, figureFileSmall=dKVDkujwNlUXJbGbZqxrUA==, figureFileBig=eLK8OFLtT9/Ucqw9RIyYgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209885581354595295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343109133223, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=EMD-VMD Power allocation flow chart, figureFileSmall=Y2I43mAYzWTQxLTv+Z3GTQ==, figureFileBig=0Fk9A8M3HSQDaR9X0TKbUA==, tableContent=null), 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caption=Direct grid connected components under different fluctuation limits, figureFileSmall=dvxVgEIG6P3PUPqVLX49+Q==, figureFileBig=++6rSPIHVEbtl4YRIeHalQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209885581836940284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343109133223, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同波动量限值下直接并网分量, figureFileSmall=dvxVgEIG6P3PUPqVLX49+Q==, figureFileBig=++6rSPIHVEbtl4YRIeHalQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209885581899854848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343109133223, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Energy storage stabilization components under different fluctuation limits, figureFileSmall=uOigcavZipWYdS0W/KxBxw==, figureFileBig=MWNtn5JiRUdlJaeSlt6UgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209885582000517125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343109133223, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同波动量限值下储能平抑分量, figureFileSmall=uOigcavZipWYdS0W/KxBxw==, figureFileBig=MWNtn5JiRUdlJaeSlt6UgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209885582076014605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343109133223, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Screening of direct grid connected components, figureFileSmall=0aOEum6eYjusdJgPU2+ozw==, figureFileBig=2/GJsuO9UY+IsaZDsgaIgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209885582151512080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343109133223, language=CN, label=图7, caption=直接并网分量筛选, figureFileSmall=0aOEum6eYjusdJgPU2+ozw==, figureFileBig=2/GJsuO9UY+IsaZDsgaIgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209885582256369684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343109133223, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=HESS smoothing component and direct grid connected component, figureFileSmall=OZosGuC5i9EzZ8R2dmhPLg==, figureFileBig=JYRX2xfLBHprPSUk3fvEKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209885582432530462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343109133223, language=CN, label=图8, caption=HESS平抑分量和直接并网分量, figureFileSmall=OZosGuC5i9EzZ8R2dmhPLg==, figureFileBig=JYRX2xfLBHprPSUk3fvEKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209885582537388068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343109133223, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=SSA and GA iteration curves, figureFileSmall=0kIpkCRBB1XeyzO4wz4A8w==, figureFileBig=uLuP1t3DAl5bQXdQIIh99A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209885582633857066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343109133223, language=CN, label=图9, caption=SSA与GA迭代曲线, figureFileSmall=0kIpkCRBB1XeyzO4wz4A8w==, figureFileBig=uLuP1t3DAl5bQXdQIIh99A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209885582742908974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343109133223, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=VMD decomposition results of HESS smoothing components, figureFileSmall=ouHXdxZVDwjoDa8ZGoIG6Q==, figureFileBig=oYgK+YQW8a1DZDP5xwx6wg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209885582851960881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343109133223, language=CN, label=图10, caption=VMD对HESS平抑分量分解结果, figureFileSmall=ouHXdxZVDwjoDa8ZGoIG6Q==, figureFileBig=oYgK+YQW8a1DZDP5xwx6wg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209885582965207091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343109133223, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Spectrum of each IMF in VMD algorithm, figureFileSmall=W/0YYNiKWa3AW1IGrbABbQ==, figureFileBig=SMpdV5KMatu2VedZOMLlWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209885583053287477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343109133223, language=CN, label=图11, caption=VMD算法各IMF频谱, figureFileSmall=W/0YYNiKWa3AW1IGrbABbQ==, figureFileBig=SMpdV5KMatu2VedZOMLlWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209885583137173563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343109133223, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Spectrum of each IMF in EMD algorithm, figureFileSmall=k/rSzqY0aubuZ804BMztPA==, figureFileBig=g7hZEo6Qo3xfb/edzWElng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209885583229448256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343109133223, language=CN, label=图12, caption=EMD算法各IMF频谱, figureFileSmall=k/rSzqY0aubuZ804BMztPA==, figureFileBig=g7hZEo6Qo3xfb/edzWElng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209885583355277386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343109133223, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

SSA initial parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
i t e r m a x R 2 K α
20 0.7 [3,10] [1 000,2 000]
), ArticleFig(id=1209885583451746383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343109133223, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

SSA初始参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
i t e r m a x R 2 K α
20 0.7 [3,10] [1 000,2 000]
), ArticleFig(id=1209885583544021078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343109133223, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Typical daily distribution in different scenarios

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
场景
天数 1 6 8 4 1 2 3 6
概率 0.03 0.20 0.32 0.03 0.03 0.10 0.16 0.13
), ArticleFig(id=1209885583669850209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343109133223, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同场景典型日分布情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
场景
天数 1 6 8 4 1 2 3 6
概率 0.03 0.20 0.32 0.03 0.03 0.10 0.16 0.13
), ArticleFig(id=1209885583770513509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343109133223, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Relevant parameters of energy storage system

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 锂电池 飞轮
单位功率成本/(元·kW-1) 9 300 2 170
单位容量成本/(元·kWh-1) 9 300 31 000
单位功率更新成本/(元·kW-1) 2 472.3 1 011.7
单位容量更新成本/(元·kWh-1) 9 300 31 000
单位功率辅助成本/(元·kW-1) 620 620
单位容量辅助成本/(元·kWh-1) 0 111.6
单位功率运维成本/(元·kW-1) 155 0
单位容量运维成本/(元·kWh-1) 0.014 07 0.013 4
报废处理成本/(元·kW-1) 465 108.5
循环使用寿命 4 000次 20年
充放电效率 0.85 0.96
SOC上下限 [0.2,0.8] [0.1,0.95]
), ArticleFig(id=1209885583858593899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343109133223, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

储能系统相关参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 锂电池 飞轮
单位功率成本/(元·kW-1) 9 300 2 170
单位容量成本/(元·kWh-1) 9 300 31 000
单位功率更新成本/(元·kW-1) 2 472.3 1 011.7
单位容量更新成本/(元·kWh-1) 9 300 31 000
单位功率辅助成本/(元·kW-1) 620 620
单位容量辅助成本/(元·kWh-1) 0 111.6
单位功率运维成本/(元·kW-1) 155 0
单位容量运维成本/(元·kWh-1) 0.014 07 0.013 4
报废处理成本/(元·kW-1) 465 108.5
循环使用寿命 4 000次 20年
充放电效率 0.85 0.96
SOC上下限 [0.2,0.8] [0.1,0.95]
), ArticleFig(id=1209885583950868594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343109133223, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Configuration results of different HESS decomposition methods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
HESS分解方法 EMD 参数优化后VMD
锂电池额定功率/MW 6.44 5.51
锂电池额定容量/MWh 1.63 1.23
飞轮额定功率/MW 7.43 6.41
飞轮额定容量/MWh 34.06 19.17
混合储能最终成本/元 6.78×108 4.94×108
), ArticleFig(id=1209885584022171769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343109133223, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同HESS分解方法配置结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
HESS分解方法 EMD 参数优化后VMD
锂电池额定功率/MW 6.44 5.51
锂电池额定容量/MWh 1.63 1.23
飞轮额定功率/MW 7.43 6.41
飞轮额定容量/MWh 34.06 19.17
混合储能最终成本/元 6.78×108 4.94×108
), ArticleFig(id=1209885584118640765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343109133223, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Energy storage optimization configuration results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 锂电池 飞轮储能 混合储能
锂电池额定功率/MW 9.46 5.51
锂电池额定容量/MWh 1.60 1.23
飞轮额定功率/MW 8.83 6.41
飞轮额定容量/MWh 1.13 19.17
混合储能最终成本/元 6.65×108 5.40×108 4.94×108
), ArticleFig(id=1209885584215109760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1209811343109133223, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

储能优化配置结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 锂电池 飞轮储能 混合储能
锂电池额定功率/MW 9.46 5.51
锂电池额定容量/MWh 1.60 1.23
飞轮额定功率/MW 8.83 6.41
飞轮额定容量/MWh 1.13 19.17
混合储能最终成本/元 6.65×108 5.40×108 4.94×108
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基于EMD-VMD的混合储能系统容量优化配置
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周登涛 , 金福宝 * , 马山刚 , 祁延明 , 张强 , 赵瑞婷 , 李若冰
科学技术与工程 | 论文∙电工技术 2025,25(19): 8090-8098
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科学技术与工程 | 论文∙电工技术 2025, 25(19): 8090-8098
基于EMD-VMD的混合储能系统容量优化配置
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周登涛 , 金福宝* , 马山刚, 祁延明, 张强, 赵瑞婷, 李若冰
作者信息
  • 青海大学能源与电气工程学院, 西宁 810016
  • 周登涛(1998—),男,汉族,安徽寿县人,硕士研究生。研究方向:储能技术。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*金福宝(1981—),男,回族,青海西宁人,博士,教授。研究方向:清洁能源技术。E-mail:
Capacity Optimization Configuration of Hybrid Energy Storage System Based on EMD-VMD
Deng-tao ZHOU , Fu-bao JIN* , Shan-gang MA, Yan-ming QI, Qiang ZHANG, Rui-ting ZHAO, Ruo-bing LI
Affiliations
  • School of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
出版时间: 2025-07-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406099
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为解决并网过程中,风电功率波动、间隙性等影响电网稳定运行的问题,提出一种利用经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,EMD)和变分模态分解(variational mode decomposition,VMD)结合的飞轮-锂电混合储能系统的容量优化配置方案。首先,采用K均值算法得到典型日数据,通过EMD将风电典型日数据输出功率信号分解为满足波动量限值的并网功率和混合储能平抑功率;然后,由麻雀搜索算法完成VMD算法中分解模态个数K值和二次惩罚因子α值的优化,通过VMD分解混合储能平抑功率,完成锂电池和飞轮储能的合理分配。最后,在考虑储能充放电功率和荷电状态约束条件的前提下,以储能成本为目标函数构建经济模型,采用青海省海南州共和县切吉敦曲风电场实际发电数据借助MATLAB平台进行仿真计算。结果表明:所提策略不仅有效地平抑了风电波动,还提高了整个系统的经济性。
混合储能  /  经验模态分解  /  麻雀搜索算法  /  变分模态分解  /  容量优化配置

In order to solve the problems of wind power fluctuations and intermittency during grid integration, which affect the stable operation of the power grid, a capacity optimization configuration scheme for a flywheel-lithium battery hybrid energy storage system was proposed. This scheme combined empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and variational mode decomposition (VMD). Firstly, typical daily data was obtained using the K-means algorithm, and EMD was applied to decompose the output power signal of these typical wind power daily data into grid-connected power that meets fluctuation limits and power that needs to be smoothed by the hybrid energy storage system. Then, the sparrow search algorithm was used to optimize the number of decomposition modes K and the quadratic penalty factor α in the VMD algorithm. By decomposing the power that needs smoothing using VMD, a reasonable allocation between lithium batteries and flywheel energy storage was achieved. Finally, considering the constraints of energy storage charging and discharging power and state of charge, an economic model was constructed with energy storage cost as the objective function. The actual power generation data of Qiejidunqu wind farm in Gonghe County, Hainan Prefecture, Qinghai Province were simulated and calculated by MATLAB platform. The results show that the proposed strategy not only effectively mitigates wind power fluctuations but also improves the overall economy of the system.

hybrid energy storage  /  empirical mode decomposition  /  sparrow search algorithm  /  variational mode decomposition  /  optimal capacity configuration
周登涛, 金福宝, 马山刚, 祁延明, 张强, 赵瑞婷, 李若冰. 基于EMD-VMD的混合储能系统容量优化配置. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (19) : 8090 -8098 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406099
Deng-tao ZHOU, Fu-bao JIN, Shan-gang MA, Yan-ming QI, Qiang ZHANG, Rui-ting ZHAO, Ruo-bing LI. Capacity Optimization Configuration of Hybrid Energy Storage System Based on EMD-VMD[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (19) : 8090 -8098 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406099
近年来,随着“碳达峰、碳中和”双碳目标的提出,中国已将高效利用可再生能源视为推动可持续发展的重要一环,致力于实现其有效应用。风能以其环境友好和可再生特性,迅速崛起为全球最具发展潜力的清洁能源之一,获得了快速的发展,装机容量也在逐年提升[1]。然而,风力发电存在随机性和波动性的特性,并网过程中存在着冲击,影响电网稳定运行[2]。储能技术的发展为平抑风电功率波动提供了一种有效手段。储能装置按其出力特性可分为能量型与功率型两类[3]。能量型储能,如锂电池,拥有较高的能量密度但响应速度较慢,因此不适用于应对短时的功率小幅波动。而功率型储能,如飞轮储能,虽响应迅速但能量密度较低,故难以有效平抑长时间的功率大幅度波动。因此,可将锂电池储能和飞轮储能组合构成混合储能系统(hybrid energy storage system,HESS),可实现优势互补,相比较于单一储能,具备更好的功率吸收和释放能力,平抑功率波动效果更佳[4]。功率的合理分配是发挥HESS优势的前提,同时其容量优化配置对电网经济的稳定运行具有十分重要的意义。
目前,学术界针对HESS功率的获得以及内部功率分配问题已开展了很多研究。文献[5]利用低通滤波算法进行HESS功率的分配,但在分解过程中会存在高低频混叠的现象。文献[6]基于小波包分解完成储能分配,但是分解层数的确定影响HESS最终配置结果。文献[7]提出经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,EMD)与希尔伯特频谱变换相结合,获取HESS有功功率参考高低频分量。文献[8]的移动平均算法处理风光功率波动时,虽能平滑输出,但对突变响应迟缓,有滞后性,且参数设定主观,影响结果客观性。相较之下,EMD法智能自适应,自动识别信号极值点,无需预设参数,能自然分解各阶模态函数,基于数据特征,避免人为干扰,确保结果客观准确,更适用于风电这类不确定性很高的数据处理。文献[9]用自适应滑动平均平滑风电功率数据,再用EMD细化功率结构,以模态混叠最小为分界依据。但重复EMD可能致模态过度分解,频率混叠,影响精度和端点效应,故建议对同一信号避免多次EMD分解,以保持分析稳定性。文献[10-11]对HESS功率进行变分模态分解(variational mode decomposition,VMD)分解,避免了模态混叠问题,但是模态个数K的取值不够客观。文献[12]提出采用液流电池和抽水 蓄能构建HESS,并设计了一个分阶段实施的双层优化模型,验证了HESS相较于单一储能系统的优越性。
在上述研究的基础上,针对功率信号分解方面的局限性和单一储能的不足之处,提出一种采用EMD和优化参数后的VMD结合的功率信号分解策略,同时构建飞轮和锂电池储能相结合的HESS容量配置模型。首先利用K均值算法对风电功率信号进行处理,得到典型日风电功率数据。其次利用EMD分解典型日风电功率数据得到并网功率和HESS平抑功率。然后通过麻雀搜索算法对VMD的分解模态个数K和惩罚因子α进行优化,利用VMD分解HESS平抑功率,根据分解结果将高频功率信号分配给飞轮储能,低频功率信号分配给锂电池储能。最后,综合考虑储能装置的充放电功率和荷电状态约束条件,以HESS成本最少为目标函数,构建HESS容量优化配置模型。通过该模型,可以计算出HESS的额定功率和容量,并有效对比不同方案的经济性,为HESS优化配置提供有力支持。
在风电场中,通过联合多个风电机组进行出力,其平滑和稳定效果相比单台风电机组有了显著提升。然而,从风电场群的整体视角来看,尽管有所改善,但整体的出力波动仍然较大,因此本文中采用并网侧的储能配置方式[13],拓扑结构图如图1所示。
风电信号采用EMD进行处理,得到本征模态函数(intrinsic mode functions,IMF),结合风电并网的波动量限值,将信号重构为高频和低频两部分。高频部分用于HESS所平抑的功率,低频部分则直接并网,关系式为
P W = P W 1 + P H E S S
式(1)中: P W 1为直接并网功率分量。
IMF重构方式有低频重构(coarse to fine,C2F)和高频重构(fine to coarse,F2C)两种[14]。经过两种重构方式后的高低频信号再通过相关功率分配策略[15],得到HESS平抑分量。
VMD是一种可以有效分解一些非线性和非平稳的信号处理算法。通过构造变分模型,迭代搜索求得最优解来实现IMF的有效分离和信号频谱的划分,约束变分模型为
$ \left\{\begin{array}{l}\min _{\left\{u_{k}\right\} \mid\left\{w_{k}\right\}}\left\{\sum_{k=1}^{K}\left\|\partial_{t}\left[\left(\delta(t)+\frac{\mathrm{j}}{\pi t}\right) u_{k}(t)\right] \mathrm{e}^{-\mathrm{j} w_{k} t}\right\|_{2}^{2}\right\} \\\text { s. t. } \sum_{k=1}^{K} u_{k}(t)=f(t)\end{array}\right.$
式(2)中: δ ( t )为脉冲函数; { u k } { w k }为分解得到的IMF分量和其对应的中心频率; f ( t )为原始信号。
为了使求解过程变的简单化,将约束变分问题向非变分约束问题转化,引入拉格朗日乘数λ和二次惩罚因子α。其中,λ用于确保约束条件的严格性,而α则用于保证信号重构的质量[16]。通过这种方法,可以得到增广Lagrange表达式为
$ \begin{array}{l}L\left(\left\{u_{k}\right\},\left\{w_{k}\right\}, \lambda\right)= \\\quad \alpha \sum_{k=1}^{K}\left\|\partial_{t}\left[\left(\delta(t)+\frac{\mathrm{j}}{\pi t}\right)^{*} u_{k}(t)\right] \mathrm{e}^{-\mathrm{j} w_{k^{t}}}\right\|_{2}^{2}+ \\\quad\left\|f(t)-\sum_{k=1}^{K} u_{k}(t)\right\|_{2}^{2}+\left\langle\lambda(t), f(t)-\sum_{k=1}^{K} u_{k}(t)\right\rangle\end{array}$
采用交替方向乘子法(alternating direction method of multipliers, ADMM)求解上述问题,不断迭代更新 u k w k,得到最优解。即
$\hat{u}_{k}^{n+1}(w)=\frac{\hat{f}(w)-\sum_{i \neq k} \hat{u}_{i}(w)+\frac{\hat{\lambda}(w)}{2}}{1+2 \alpha\left(w-w_{k}\right)^{2}}$
中心频率的更新可表示为
w k n + 1 = 0 w u k ( w ) 2 d w 0 u k ( w ) 2 d w
拉格朗日乘数λ的更新公式为
$\hat{\lambda}^{n+1}(w)=\hat{\lambda}^{n}(w)+\tau\left[\hat{f}(w)-\sum_{k=1}^{K} \hat{u}_{k}^{n+1}(w)\right]$
式中:$\hat{u}_{k}^{n+1}(w)$、$\hat{u}_{i}(w)$和$\hat{f}(w)$分别对应$\hat{u}_{k}^{n+1}(w)$、$u_{i}(t)$和$f(t)$的傅里叶变换; τ为噪声容忍度。
重复上述计算过程,并根据预设的迭代停止条件进行判断,以确定是否终止迭代,满足则终止迭代。即
$ \sum_{k=1}^{K} \frac{\left\|\hat{u}_{k}^{n+1}-\hat{u}_{k}^{n}\right\|_{2}^{2}}{\left\|\hat{u}_{k}^{n}\right\|_{2}^{2}}<\psi$
式(7)中:Ψ为阈值。
在VMD算法中,模态个数K值和二次惩罚因子α值需人为预设。若取值不当,信号分解可能不合理,进而影响储能功率的分配,最终影响结果准确性。
Xue等[17]提出麻雀搜索算法(sparrow search algorithm,SSA),这是一种受启发于麻雀的觅食行为和避免被捕食的行为。将SSA应用于优化VMD参数能够自适应调整最优参数组合[K,α](k为模态个数,x为惩罚参数),避免人为主观判断VMD参数导致信号分解不当的问题。
SSA将麻雀种群分为发现者、加入者和警戒者。发现者引导着种群的觅食方向,位置迭代更新为
$ \boldsymbol{X}_{i, j}^{t+1}=\left\{\begin{array}{ll}\boldsymbol{X}_{i, j}^{t} \exp \left(\frac{-i}{\eta \text { iter }_{\text {max }}}\right), & R_{2}<\mathrm{ST} \\\boldsymbol{X}_{i, j}^{t}+Q \boldsymbol{L}, & R_{2} \geqslant \mathrm{ST}\end{array}\right.$
式(8)中: t为当前迭代次数; i t e r m a x为最大迭代次数; X i , j为第 i个麻雀位置在第 j维; η为(0,1]区间内的随机数;R2∈[0,1] 为预警值;ST∈[0.5,1]为安全值, R 2 S T表示发现者安全, R 2 S T表示发现者危险;Q为服从正态分布的随机数;L为元素全为1的1×d的矩阵。
加入者追随发现者觅食,位置迭代更新为
$ \boldsymbol{X}_{i, j}^{t+1}=\left\{\begin{array}{ll}Q \exp \left(\frac{\boldsymbol{X}_{\mathrm{bad}}^{t}-\boldsymbol{X}_{i, j}^{t}}{i^{2}}\right), & i>q / 2 \\\boldsymbol{X}_{\mathrm{p}}^{t+1}+\left|\boldsymbol{X}_{i, j}^{t}-\boldsymbol{X}_{\mathrm{p}}^{t+1}\right| \boldsymbol{A}^{+} \times \boldsymbol{L}, & i \leqslant q / 2\end{array}\right.$
式(9)中:q为麻雀数量, X p X b a d为发现者的最优位置和全局最差位置; A为随机赋值1或-1的1×d矩阵, A + = A T ( A A T ) - 1; i q / 2为此时加入者获取食物较少。
在觅食过程中,种群中的10%~20%会随机作为警戒者来进行警戒工作,数学模型表示为
$ \boldsymbol{X}_{i, j}^{t+1}=\left\{\begin{array}{ll}\boldsymbol{X}_{\text {best }}^{t}+\beta\left|\boldsymbol{X}_{i, j}^{t}-\boldsymbol{X}_{\text {best }}^{t}\right|, & f_{i}>f_{\mathrm{g}} \\\boldsymbol{X}_{i, j}^{t}+\mu\left[\frac{\left|\boldsymbol{X}_{i, j}^{t}-\boldsymbol{X}_{\text {worst }}^{t}\right|}{\left(f_{i}-f_{\mathrm{w}}\right)+\gamma}\right], & f_{i}=f_{\mathrm{g}}\end{array}\right.$
式(10)中:β为步长控制系数;μ∈[-1,1];γ为保证分式有意义的最小常数; f i f g f w分别为当前适应度和全局最优、最差适应度。SSA初始化参数如表1所示。
采用SSA迭代寻优VMD参数组合[K,α],以样本熵作为评判标准,构建迭代的目标函数。样本熵是反映这数据是否存在一定的规律的量值[18],值的大小同样揭示着IMF模态混叠现象的强弱。迭代目标函数公式为
$ f=\min [\operatorname{SEn}(Y, b, z)]$
$ \operatorname{SEn}(Y, b, z)=\ln B^{b}(z)-\ln B^{b+1}(z)$
式中:SEn为样本熵函数;Y为时间序列;b为嵌入维度;z为相似性容限;B为两向量匹配bb+1个实数的概率。SSA迭代优化VMD参数流程图如图2所示,图3为EMD-VMD功率分配流程图。
飞轮储能的使用寿命远大于锂电池的使用寿命,因此本文中只考虑锂电池的使用寿命问题,其寿命受多种因素影响,包括其放电深度以及循环充放电次数等。采用雨流计数法进行计算[19],公式为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}\omega(x)=\frac{N_{\text {battery, max }}}{N_{\text {battery }}\left(C_{\text {dep }}\right)} \\N_{\text {battery }}^{\text {day }}=\sum_{j=1}^{m} \omega\left(x_{j}\right) \\S_{\text {battery }}=\frac{N_{\text {battery, } \max }}{365 N_{\text {battery }}^{\text {day }}}\end{array}\right.$
式(13)中: ω ( x )为锂电池完全充放电时等效循环使用次数; N b a t t e r y , m a x为锂电池充放电最大循环次数; N b a t t e r y ( C d e p )为当前充放电深度 C d e p时对应循环次数; N b a t t e r y d a y为锂电池每天等效循环次数;m为每天循环次数; x j为每次充放电深度; S b a t t e r y为锂电池寿命,年。
在保证电力系统稳定运行的前提下,本文中以HESS成本建立经济模型,由投资成本、更换成本、辅助成本、运维成本、报废处理成本和回收价值组成[20]
(1)投资成本。
C i n v = C b p i n v P B N + C b e i n v E B N + C f p i n v P F N + C f e i n v E F N
式(14)中: C b p i n v C b e i n v为锂电池储能单位功率投资成本、容量投资成本; C f p i n v C f e i n v为飞轮储能单位功率投资成本、容量投资成本; P B N P F N分别为锂电池储能和飞轮储能额定功率; E B N E F N分别为锂电池储能和飞轮储能额定容量。
(2)更换成本。
C b r e p = K = 1 h ( C b p r e p P B N + C b e r e p E B N ) P / F , σ , K T S n + 1
式(15)中:h为锂电池储能设备更换次数; C b p r e p C b e r e p为锂电池储能单位功率更新成本、容量更新成本; T S为HESS运行年限; ( P / F , σ , t ) = ( 1 + t ) - t为支付的现金系数,其中P表示现值,即当前时刻的金额,F表示未来值,即未来某个时间点的金额;σ为折现率。
(3)辅助成本。
$C_{\text {bop }}=C_{\text {pbop }}^{\mathrm{b}} P_{\mathrm{BN}}+C_{\text {ebop }}^{\mathrm{b}} E_{\mathrm{BN}}+C_{\mathrm{pbop}}^{\mathrm{f}} P_{\mathrm{FN}}+C_{\text {ebop }}^{\mathrm{f}} E_{\mathrm{FN}}$
式(16)中: C b p b o p C b e b o p为锂电池储能单位功率辅助成本、容量辅助成本; C f p b o p C f e b o p为飞轮储能单位功率辅助成本、容量辅助成本。
(4)运维成本。
$C_{\mathrm{om}}=C_{\mathrm{om}}^{\mathrm{b}}+C_{\mathrm{om}}^{\mathrm{f}}$
式(17)中: C b o m C f o m分别为锂电池储能和飞轮储能运行维护成本,计算公式为
$\left\{\begin{aligned}C_{\mathrm{om}}^{\mathrm{b}}= & C_{\mathrm{pom}}^{\mathrm{b}} P_{\mathrm{BN}}\left(P / F, \sigma, T_{\mathrm{S}}\right)+ \\& \sum_{t=1}^{T_{\text {eom }}} C_{\mathrm{eom}}^{\mathrm{b}} W_{\mathrm{BN}}(t)(P / F, \sigma, t) \\C_{\mathrm{om}}^{\mathrm{f}}= & C_{\mathrm{pom}}^{\mathrm{f}} P_{\mathrm{FN}}\left(P / F, \sigma, T_{\mathrm{S}}\right)+ \\& \sum_{t=1}^{T_{\text {eom }}} C_{\mathrm{eom}}^{\mathrm{f}} W_{\mathrm{FN}}(t)(P / F, \sigma, t)\end{aligned}\right.$
式(18)中: W B N ( t ) C b p o m C b e o m分别为锂电池储能年充放电电量、单位功率运行维护成本和容量运行维护成本; W F N ( t ) C f p o m C f e o m分别为飞轮储能年充放电电量、单位功率运行维护成本和容量运行维护成本; ( P / F , σ , T S )为等额支付现值系数,计算公式为
( P / F , σ , T S ) = ( 1 + σ ) T S - 1 σ ( 1 + σ ) T S
(5)报废处理成本。
C s c r = ( C b p s c r P B N + C b e s c r E B N ) ( n b + 1 ) ( P / F , σ , T S ) +   ( C f p s c r P F N + C f e s c r E F N ) ( n f + 1 ) ( P / F , σ , T S )
式(20)中: C f p s c r C f e s c r分别为飞轮储能单位功率报废处理成本、容量报废处理成本; C b p s c r C b e s c r分别为锂电池储能单位功率报废处理成本、容量报废处理成本; n b n f分别为锂电池和飞轮更换次数。
(6)回收价值。
C r e s = ξ ( C i n v + C r e p + C b o p ) ( P / F , σ , T S )
式(21)中:ξ为残值率。
综上,建立混合储能成本目标函数为
$\begin{aligned}\min \left\{C_{\mathrm{LCC}}\right\}= & \min \left\{C_{\text {inv }}+C_{\text {rep }}+C_{\text {bop }}+\right. \\& \left.C_{\text {om }}+C_{\text {scr }}-C_{\text {res }}\right\}\end{aligned}$
(1)混合储能设备在时刻t充放电约束。
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}P_{\mathrm{BN}(t)} \leqslant \min \left\{P_{\mathrm{BN}}, \frac{\left(S_{\mathrm{OCB}(t-1)}-S_{\mathrm{OCB}, \mathrm{low}}\right)}{\Delta t} \eta_{\mathrm{bd}}\right\} \\P_{\mathrm{BN}(t)} \geqslant \max \left\{-P_{\mathrm{BN}}, \frac{\left(S_{\mathrm{OCB}(t-1)}-S_{\mathrm{OCB}, \max }\right)}{\Delta t \eta_{\mathrm{bc}}}\right\} \\P_{\mathrm{FN}(t)} \leqslant \min \left\{P_{\mathrm{FN}}, \frac{\left(S_{\mathrm{OCF}(t-1)}-S_{\mathrm{OCF}, \mathrm{low}}\right)}{\Delta t} \eta_{\mathrm{fd}}\right\} \\P_{\mathrm{FN}(t)} \geqslant \max \left\{-P_{\mathrm{FN}}, \frac{\left(S_{\mathrm{OCF}(t-1)}-S_{\mathrm{OCF}, \max }\right)}{\Delta t \eta_{\mathrm{fc}}}\right\}\end{array}\right.$
式(23)中: η b c η b d分别为锂电池储能的充、放电效率; η f c η f d分别为飞轮储能的充放电效率。
(2)锂电池储能和飞轮储能的荷电状态(SOC)约束。
$\left\{\begin{aligned}S_{\mathrm{OCB}, \mathrm{low}} \leqslant S_{\mathrm{OCB}(t)} \leqslant S_{\mathrm{OCB}, \mathrm{up}} \\S_{\mathrm{OCF}, \mathrm{low}} \leqslant S_{\mathrm{OCF}(t)} \leqslant S_{\mathrm{OCF}, \mathrm{up}}\end{aligned}\right.$
式(24)中: S O C B , l o w S O C B , u p分别为锂电池储能荷电状态上下限; S O C F , l o w S O C F , u p分别为飞轮储能荷电状态上下限。
基于中国青海省海南州共和县切吉敦曲风电场(图4)2019年1月份的风电数据,取得的样本装机容量为25 MW,时间间隔为1 min,利用MATALB软件进行仿真计算,图4为对应的风电场场站照片。第一步为数据的处理阶段,因数据过于庞大和冗杂,需要筛选出具有代表性的数据,本文中采用的是K均值算法[21],根据数据可以得到8个不同的出力场景。但因传统的K均值算法存在受极端数据影响的缺陷,导致聚类结果中的聚类中心发生偏差。为了克服这一缺陷,本文采取了一种新的方法:计算排序所得8个不同出力场景的对应天数的波动量,选取其中的中位数作为该场景的典型日,得到的最终结果如表2所示。
由国家标准可知,风电场装机容量25 MW的1 min和10 min低频分量功率波动分别为3 MW和10 MW。以典型日7为例,将典型日风电功率采用EMD算法进行分解得到直接并网分量和HESS平抑分量,而波动量限值作为划分标准,不同波动量限值下的直接并网分量和储能平抑分量如图5图6所示。
图5可以看出,随着波动量限值的增加,直接并网分量和风电功率跟随性逐渐增加,波动量限值为10 MW时,并网分量非常接近风电功率并且很不平滑。而波动量限值为3 MW时,直接并网分量更为平滑且跟随性强于波动量限值为1 MW时。同时由图6可以看到,波动量限值为3 MW时,HESS平抑分量包络线也具备良好的对称性,因此本文中将并网波动量的限值设定为3 MW。
图7可以观察到,低频重构分量 c 2 f 4在10 min内的最大波动量并未超过预设的并网波动量限值。因此,选用 c 2 f 4作为直接并网分量,而 f 2 c 5则选作为HESS平抑分量。HESS平抑分量和低频重构直接并网分量如图8所示。
为进一步体现SSA对VMD参数组合优化的优越性,将其与遗传算法(genetic algorithm,GA)优化的VMD对比,样本熵作为目标函数,迭代曲线图如图9所示。由图9可以看到SSA在第8次迭代得到最小适应度函数值0.255 72,相比于GA在第16次迭代得到最小适应度函数值0.259 91,收敛速度更快,求解精度更高,由SSA迭代计算得到最优参数组合[K,α]=[10,1 979]。另外将VMD和EMD进行对比,使它们同时分解HESS平抑分量,然后对分解出来的IMF进行希尔伯特变换得到相应的边际谱,进行比对观察。图10为VMD参数优化后的IMF时域波形图。图11图10对应IMF进行希尔伯特变换得到的边际谱,图12为EMD分解HESS平抑分量后再经过希尔伯特变换所得边际谱。
对比图11图12可见,EMD算法中模态混叠现象严重,不易区分高低频分量,而参数优化后的VMD算法中能够更好地区分,观察可得IMF2和IMF3模态混叠现象更为轻微,因此把IMF1-IMF2作为低频分量分配给锂电池,IMF3-IMF10分配给飞轮,完成HESS功率的合理分配。
表3为所选取的锂电池储能和飞轮储能的相关参数。最后依据前文所述的目标函数以及相关的一些约束条件在MATLAB中仿真计算最终的HESS配置和最终成本。
在确保达到相同平抑效果的基础上,将参数优化后VMD算法和EMD算法做优化配置比较,结果如表4所示。
通过表4对比可得出结论,采用参数后优化后的VMD分解方法可以降低混合储能的容量配置,相比较于EMD分解方法,锂电池储能功率配置降低了14.4%,飞轮储能功率配置降低了13.7%,总混合储能成本降低了27.1%。
在确保达到相同平抑效果的基础上,探讨单一储能和HESS的优化配置分析,计算结果如表5所示。
表5可以看出,采用混合储能可降低储能的容量配置,混合储能中锂电池储能功率配置相比较于单锂电池储能下降了41.7%,飞轮储能功率配置相比较于单飞轮储能下降了27.4%。而混合储能的最终成本相比较于单一锂电池储能下降了25.7%,相比较于单一飞轮储能下降了8.56%。
针对风电并网会出现功率波动的问题,本文提出一种EMD和参数优化后的VMD相结合的平抑风电功率波动的方法,同时计算锂电池和飞轮组成的HESS的经济成本模型,以求得出最佳的容量配置方案。通过算例分析,得出如下结论。
(1)以样本熵为目标函数,VMD的参数组合经SSA优化后,相比较于GA,迭代速度更快且寻优更佳,同时避免了人为经验主义导致信号分解不佳的问题,相比较于EMD,减少了模态混叠现象,更易区分出高低频分量。
(2)采用参数优化后的VMD分解配置HESS,在确保达到相同平抑效果的基础上,相比较与EMD分解方法,可以使储能的配置以及最终成本有所降低,使得经济性有着一定程度上的提高。
(3)采用HESS平抑功率波动,相比较于单一储能,储能配置和综合成本更低,经济性更佳。
  • 青海省国网公司科技项目(SGQHXNFSNYJS2400216)
  • 新型电力系统运行与控制全国重点实验室开放基金(SKLD22KM10)
  • 青海省光伏发电并网技术重点实验室2023年开放性课题(SGQHJY00NYJS2310220)
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2025年第25卷第19期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406099
  • 接收时间:2024-08-15
  • 首发时间:2025-12-22
  • 出版时间:2025-07-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-15
  • 修回日期:2025-01-02
基金
青海省国网公司科技项目(SGQHXNFSNYJS2400216)
新型电力系统运行与控制全国重点实验室开放基金(SKLD22KM10)
青海省光伏发电并网技术重点实验室2023年开放性课题(SGQHJY00NYJS2310220)
作者信息
    青海大学能源与电气工程学院, 西宁 810016

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*金福宝(1981—),男,回族,青海西宁人,博士,教授。研究方向:清洁能源技术。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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