Article(id=1208051031234159405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1208051024368083510, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405856, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1722700800000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-04, revisedDate=1743350400000, revisedDateStr=2025-03-31, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1765951410348, onlineDateStr=2025-12-17, pubDate=1751040000000, pubDateStr=2025-06-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765951410348, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765951410348, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765951410348, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1208051024368083510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='18', pageStart='7455', pageEnd='7883', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765951408712, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765951896766, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1208053071507198943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1208051024368083510, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1208053071507198944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1208051024368083510, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=7558, endPage=7565, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1208051031884276582, articleId=1208051031234159405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Analysis of Energy-absorption and Rockburst Resistance of Sand-filled Steel Tube Arches and Damping Performance of Multi-arch Structures, columnId=1156264152168518571, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To address the reduction in support bearing capacity caused by concrete shrinkage and to improve the damping performance of supports under mining-induced seismic conditions, this study focuses on the energy-absorbing and shock-resisting performance of single arch sand-filled steel tubular frames and the damping performance of multi-arch combined support systems. Finite element software was employed to establish models of surrounding rock and sand-filled steel tubular frames, as well as multi-arch support systems connected with flexible cables and dampers. The performance of sand-filled steel tubular frames under static and dynamic loading, as well as their seismic resistance under mining-induced tremors, was investigated. The results indicate that the deformation of the tunnel under static loading remains stable, while the support effectiveness is satisfactory under impact loading except for relatively large deformations at the crown. Under static and dynamic loading, the equivalent plastic strain at the crown of the sand-filled steel tubular frames shows a significant increase, while changes in other areas remain minimal, demonstrating good load-bearing capacity. In the three-arch support system, the third arch experiences reduced vibration amplitude due to the dual energy dissipation effects of flexible cables and dampers. Calculations of the safety factor at the maximum shear stress of the tunnel reveal a significant improvement in the seismic performance of adjacent supports, providing insights for further studies on support damping mechanisms.

, correspAuthors=Dong AN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Hai-liang XU, Xin-lei ZHENG, Dong AN, Han-jun GAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1208051036464455899, articleId=1208051031234159405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=砂石充填钢管拱单榀防冲及多榀联合减震分析, columnId=1156264152306930605, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·矿冶工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为解决混凝土收缩导致支护承载力下降和提高支护在矿震条件下的减震性能,以砂石充填钢管为研究对象,探究砂石充填钢管拱架支护结构单榀防冲及多榀联合减震性能,通过有限元软件建立围岩与砂石充填钢管拱架模型和添加柔性索与阻尼器连接的多榀支架模型,研究了砂石充填钢管拱架在静动荷载作用下的支护性能和矿震作用下的抗震性能。研究结果表明:巷道在静载作用下的位移变形量处于平稳状态,冲击荷载下除顶部变形量较大,其余位置的支护效果均较好;砂石充填钢管拱架在静动载作用下除拱顶等效塑性应变的上升幅度较大,其余位置的变化均较小,表明拱架有较好的承载能力;三榀支架中由于柔性索与阻尼的双重耗能使得第三榀支架震幅更小;对巷道最大剪应力处计算安全系数,得出相邻支架的抗震效果具有较大提升,为后续研究支架减震提供了思路。

, correspAuthors=安栋, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 安栋(1986—),男,汉族,山东日照人,博士,讲师。研究方向:结构抗震与吸能减震。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=oYyjJSgEeQh+0wSqIp8Hcw==, magXml=fxcc5NCmkrmDpbzpWqz/GQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=c0mKvPr36ypP7et/8eqmrA==, pdfFileSize=13622072, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=vfVrO4/k8RfqErwY8ARywQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=SYXrH9VYn5xVB58fWD+Tzw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

许海亮(1978—),男,汉族,河北保定人,博士,副教授。研究方向:岩石力学理论及实验。E-mail:

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许海亮(1978—),男,汉族,河北保定人,博士,副教授。研究方向:岩石力学理论及实验。E-mail:

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许海亮(1978—),男,汉族,河北保定人,博士,副教授。研究方向:岩石力学理论及实验。E-mail:

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Chinese Journal of Computational Physics, 2023, 40(5): 556-569., articleTitle=The application of three-component Mie-Grüneisen mixture model in underwater explosion mitigation problem, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1208085596229177880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051031234159405, awardId=51774015, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(51774015), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1208085596355007006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051031234159405, awardId=52427805, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(52427805), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1208085584703230722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051031234159405, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1208085584711619332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051031234159405, companyId=1208085584703230722, language=EN, country=null, 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散点线为引用文献[9]中的钢管混凝土支护;实线为砂石充填钢管支护

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Steel pipe related parameters

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密度/
(kg·m-3)
弹性模量/
GPa
泊松比 屈服应力/
MPa
抗拉强度/
MPa
7 800 206 0.28 245 410
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钢管相关参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度/
(kg·m-3)
弹性模量/
GPa
泊松比 屈服应力/
MPa
抗拉强度/
MPa
7 800 206 0.28 245 410
), ArticleFig(id=1208085595352568266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051031234159405, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Gravel Mie-Grüneisen parameters

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ρ0/ (kg·m-3) c0/(m·s-1) s γ0 α
1 950 2 450 1.86 1.28 1.0
), ArticleFig(id=1208085595478397398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051031234159405, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

砂石Mie-Grüneisen 参数

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ρ0/ (kg·m-3) c0/(m·s-1) s γ0 α
1 950 2 450 1.86 1.28 1.0
), ArticleFig(id=1208085595570672095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051031234159405, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Surrounding rock parameters

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岩性 密度/
(kg·m-3)
体积
模量/
GPa
剪切
模量/
GPa
摩擦角/
(°)
黏聚力/
MPa
抗拉强度/
MPa
细砂岩 2 530 13.4 7.6 37 1.4 11.55
1 350 10.5 6.5 23 1.2 0.90
粗砂岩 2 540 14.7 8.1 26 10.0 11.55
), ArticleFig(id=1208085595713278441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051031234159405, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

围岩参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩性 密度/
(kg·m-3)
体积
模量/
GPa
剪切
模量/
GPa
摩擦角/
(°)
黏聚力/
MPa
抗拉强度/
MPa
细砂岩 2 530 13.4 7.6 37 1.4 11.55
1 350 10.5 6.5 23 1.2 0.90
粗砂岩 2 540 14.7 8.1 26 10.0 11.55
), ArticleFig(id=1208085595864273394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051031234159405, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Comparison of safety factors for each joist

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
支架 第一榀支架 第二榀支架 第三榀支架
安全系数 5.72 7.99 11.2
较前一支架提升/% 39.78 40.17
), ArticleFig(id=1208085595994296836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051031234159405, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

各榀支架安全系数对比

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支架 第一榀支架 第二榀支架 第三榀支架
安全系数 5.72 7.99 11.2
较前一支架提升/% 39.78 40.17
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砂石充填钢管拱单榀防冲及多榀联合减震分析
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许海亮 , 郑鑫雷 , 安栋 * , 高晗钧
科学技术与工程 | 论文·矿冶工程 2025,25(18): 7558-7565
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·矿冶工程 2025, 25(18): 7558-7565
砂石充填钢管拱单榀防冲及多榀联合减震分析
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许海亮 , 郑鑫雷, 安栋* , 高晗钧
作者信息
  • 北方工业大学土木工程学院, 北京 100144
  • 许海亮(1978—),男,汉族,河北保定人,博士,副教授。研究方向:岩石力学理论及实验。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 安栋(1986—),男,汉族,山东日照人,博士,讲师。研究方向:结构抗震与吸能减震。E-mail:
Analysis of Energy-absorption and Rockburst Resistance of Sand-filled Steel Tube Arches and Damping Performance of Multi-arch Structures
Hai-liang XU , Xin-lei ZHENG, Dong AN* , Han-jun GAO
Affiliations
  • School of Civil Engineering, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China
出版时间: 2025-06-28 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405856
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为解决混凝土收缩导致支护承载力下降和提高支护在矿震条件下的减震性能,以砂石充填钢管为研究对象,探究砂石充填钢管拱架支护结构单榀防冲及多榀联合减震性能,通过有限元软件建立围岩与砂石充填钢管拱架模型和添加柔性索与阻尼器连接的多榀支架模型,研究了砂石充填钢管拱架在静动荷载作用下的支护性能和矿震作用下的抗震性能。研究结果表明:巷道在静载作用下的位移变形量处于平稳状态,冲击荷载下除顶部变形量较大,其余位置的支护效果均较好;砂石充填钢管拱架在静动载作用下除拱顶等效塑性应变的上升幅度较大,其余位置的变化均较小,表明拱架有较好的承载能力;三榀支架中由于柔性索与阻尼的双重耗能使得第三榀支架震幅更小;对巷道最大剪应力处计算安全系数,得出相邻支架的抗震效果具有较大提升,为后续研究支架减震提供了思路。

充填钢管  /  防冲减震  /  多榀支架  /  阻尼  /  安全系数

To address the reduction in support bearing capacity caused by concrete shrinkage and to improve the damping performance of supports under mining-induced seismic conditions, this study focuses on the energy-absorbing and shock-resisting performance of single arch sand-filled steel tubular frames and the damping performance of multi-arch combined support systems. Finite element software was employed to establish models of surrounding rock and sand-filled steel tubular frames, as well as multi-arch support systems connected with flexible cables and dampers. The performance of sand-filled steel tubular frames under static and dynamic loading, as well as their seismic resistance under mining-induced tremors, was investigated. The results indicate that the deformation of the tunnel under static loading remains stable, while the support effectiveness is satisfactory under impact loading except for relatively large deformations at the crown. Under static and dynamic loading, the equivalent plastic strain at the crown of the sand-filled steel tubular frames shows a significant increase, while changes in other areas remain minimal, demonstrating good load-bearing capacity. In the three-arch support system, the third arch experiences reduced vibration amplitude due to the dual energy dissipation effects of flexible cables and dampers. Calculations of the safety factor at the maximum shear stress of the tunnel reveal a significant improvement in the seismic performance of adjacent supports, providing insights for further studies on support damping mechanisms.

filled steel pipe  /  energy dissipation  /  energy dissipation and seismic mitigation  /  damping  /  safety factor
许海亮, 郑鑫雷, 安栋, 高晗钧. 砂石充填钢管拱单榀防冲及多榀联合减震分析. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (18) : 7558 -7565 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405856
Hai-liang XU, Xin-lei ZHENG, Dong AN, Han-jun GAO. Analysis of Energy-absorption and Rockburst Resistance of Sand-filled Steel Tube Arches and Damping Performance of Multi-arch Structures[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (18) : 7558 -7565 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405856
随着煤矿浅表资源的匮竭,开采逐渐走向深部[1-2],但由于深部巷道地质与应力条件复杂的特征,使得冲击地压出现的强度与频次正逐步增长[3],这表明煤矿开采对巷道支护的抗冲击性提出了更高的要求。对此,潘一山等[4]建立了三级支护防治冲击地压理论,其中二级支护为O型棚或U型钢支架,但由于煤矿深部应力条件复杂,U型钢面临承载力不足等问题,而钢管混凝土承载能力优越,作为支护材料可以解决这一问题。文献[5-7]针对钢管混凝土拱架的承载能力、连接形式、变形破坏规律和让位吸能特性等进行了一系列研究,并解决了许多工程实际问题,但混凝土制备需要配比养护,实际操作中往往会达不到要求导致收缩开裂[8]。为此,将砂石作为填充材料研究其支护性能。许海亮等[9]对比砂石钢管和钢管混凝土的轴向冲击性与减震性,得出砂石钢管吸能与耗能均优于钢管混凝土。贾民等[10-11]使用砂石填充的墩柱结构对巷道进行支护,并在兖州煤矿进行实际应用,支护效果良好。朱怀志等[12]为改善薄煤层软弱顶板条件,采用钢管砂石柱进行支护,研究结果显示钢管砂石柱性能可以满足安全生产需要,为薄煤层开采设计提供工程实例。
随着研究的深入进展,矿震诱发冲击地压的过程中,支架系统会与巷道振动调整,这表明巷道支护还应具备减震性能[13]。王凯兴等[14]得出阻尼串联吸能支护的上端可最大化抑制顶板下落位移,具有较好的减震效应;高明仕等[15]提出减隔震技术,对巷道支护设置减震层或减震装置,有效增强了巷道支护效果。上述研究对巷道支护的防冲减震性能进行了一定的研究,但对砂石充填钢管拱架的抗冲击性和减震效果方面还亟待研究。
针对目前实际应用中钢管混凝土收缩开裂和支护减震效果较弱。故此,将砂石作为新填充材料,研究砂石充填钢管拱架的防冲性能及多拱架的减震性能,在有限元软件建立砂石充填钢管拱架与围岩组合模型,通过定性、定量分析其在冲击荷载作用下对巷道的支护能力及支护本身变形,并在多个砂石充填钢管拱架之间连接柔性索和阻尼器,建立巷道多榀支架模型分析其耗能减震性能。
目前巷道支护多是由钢管混凝土为材料,但在实际工程中,一方面混凝土干缩后会与钢管内壁产生空隙,降低支护的承载能力。而冲击地压具有时间短、释放能量大等特点,承载能力的降低会导致支护面对冲击地压时发生弯折和破坏,而砂石充填钢管拱架具有较高的承载力且不会因为实际工程中的操作而有损承载力,可以有效解决承载力不足的问题。另一方面,目前巷道支护多为单支护按一定间距排列,所有支护受矿震的影响程度均一致,而利用砂石松散颗粒的高耗能性可以分散震动能量,并通过在各支护间连接柔性索和阻尼器会使巷道支护形成体系,逐级降低矿震对支护的影响,从而提高支护减震性能。图1为现场不同支架支护图。
针对混凝土收缩导致支护承载力下降和各支护间未进行连接导致抗震性能差的问题,本文研究将砂石颗粒材料压密作为一种新材料充填钢管内部。砂石材料在受到压缩、振捣后,由松散颗粒转变为密实固体,具有吸能高、耗能大等特点,而砂石充填钢管有较好的承载作用。本文研究基于有限元软件中SPH (smoothed particle hydrodynamics)粒子流方法,模拟充填钢管拱架内部砂石的力学性能,分别从定性和定量角度研究砂石充填钢管拱架防冲吸能支护能力和支护变形,并通过结构自振频率确定阻尼构件,将柔性索与阻尼构件用于连接多个砂石充填钢管拱架(以下称为多榀支架),分析其耗能减震性能。
根据巷道支护原则,从防冲吸能和耗能减震两方面对砂石充填钢管拱架进行考虑。
(1)防冲:冲击地压发生过程中会剧烈释放大量弹性能,导致巷道收缩,而巷道支护可提供支护阻力抵抗冲击地压,对减轻冲击地压造成的破坏具有重要作用。因此,砂石充填钢管拱架应在冲击荷载作用下具备较强的支护阻力抵抗冲击,同时,根据让位位移可变原则[16],当支架受到强冲击荷载时,吸能构件变形调整,达到快速让位吸能目的。
(2)减震:矿震是由采矿活动引起高应力差岩石断裂,释放大量弹性应变能而引发地震[17]。矿震虽大多有震无灾,但可能会导致支护偏移,影响支护承载能力。因此,利用松散颗粒的高耗能特性,快速分散消耗震动能量。通过柔性索与阻尼构件连接砂石充填钢管拱架,降低多榀支架的震动位移,提升多榀支架的抗震效果。
吸能防冲砂石充填钢管拱架在传统钢管混凝土的基础上,改变内部填充材料和连接处套管的节点形式,并在左侧、右侧和下部连接处添加吸能构件[9]。通过有限元软件建立砂石充填钢管拱架模型,支架高4.12 m,宽4.45 m,图2为砂石充填钢管拱架模型。钢管采用20#结构钢,具体参数如表1所示。充填砂石采用SPH粒子流方法,具体参数如表2所示[18]
围岩参数以某矿为背景,埋深为800 m,因此深部巷道承受的竖向荷载为16 MPa。将侧压力系数设为1.25,则水平荷载为20 MPa。长宽高分别为40 m×0.5 m×40 m。从上到下分别为细砂岩、煤和粗砂岩,各岩层厚度分别为14、9、17 m,具体参数如表3所示。围岩底面完全固定,前后面为法相位移约束。
对围岩作用共分为两步:分析步一是对围岩顶部施加16 MPa、两侧施加20 MPa的静载,共0.2 s,分析步二是对围岩顶部施加20 MPa的冲击荷载,共0.3 s。在巷道与拱架各布设6个标识点,如图3所示,分析砂石充填钢管拱架在围岩压力平衡阶段与围岩冲击阶段支护性能。
在初始围压平衡后,施加竖向冲击荷载来模拟冲击地压的发生,分析砂石充填钢管拱架的支护效果。图4为巷道位移矢量图。
图4所示,根据巷道位移矢量云图,巷道水平位移集中在两帮位置,越靠近两帮中部位移越大,最大位移为272 mm,左右两侧位移基本呈对称分布;巷道竖向位移中拱顶下沉位移较大,最大位移为289 mm,拱底段出现上拱趋势,上拱位移最大值为91 mm。
为进一步研究巷道变形情况,根据巷道设置的标识点,提取巷道各点变形量,图5为各标识点的位移变形量,其中散点线为引用文献[9]中钢管混凝土支护下巷道位移量,实线为砂石充填钢管。围岩静载段的巷道位移变化趋势为静载传递-上升-平缓。其中,由于标识点3最靠近巷道中部,其水平位移最大,标识点1位于巷道顶部,其竖向位移最大。砂石充填钢管拱架水平位移和竖向位移的最大值分别为72.6、226.6 mm,钢管混凝土拱架水平位移和竖向位移的最大值分为79.8、219 mm。标识点4位于巷道底角处,变形量最小。在冲击作用下,砂石充填钢管拱架作为支护相较于钢管混凝土拱架,除巷道标识点4的竖向位移变化量较大,其余位置的位移变化量均较小。处于巷道底角的标识点4和标识点5以及标识点2的水平变形量基本上处于平稳状态,到冲击作用后期才出现缓慢上升的趋势,标识点3在受到冲击作用后便出现上升趋势;各标识点的竖向位移变化量中,顶弧段标识点1、标识点2、标识点3受到冲击作用后变形加剧,且变化趋势基本一致,标识点4的上升趋势较缓,标识点5、标识点6的位移变形量先下降后上升。砂石充填钢管拱架各标识点的水平位移最大值分别为100、200.8、44、52 mm,竖向位移最大值分别为226.6、225、187.9、44.2、73.1、60.5 mm;钢管混凝土拱架各标识点的水平位移最大值分别为111.5、214、68.6、63.5 mm,竖向位移最大值分别为219、205.2、166.4、18.3、106、99.3 mm。
可以看出,围岩静载作用后期,巷道水平和竖向位移量达到一定程度便趋于稳定,表明充填钢管支护结构可稳定支承静载。冲击荷载作用下,巷道位移量持续增加,砂石充填钢管拱架支护巷道在冲击荷载作用后,其拱顶变化较大,巷道水平位移较小,与钢管混凝土拱架相比,其变形量均小于钢管混凝土拱架,表明砂石充填拱架对巷道支护效果较好。
为研究砂石充填钢管拱架在巷道支护中的形变规律,提取拱架在竖向冲击作用下的等效塑性应变云图如图6所示。图6中彩色部分为屈服位置,深蓝色部分未发生塑性变形,支架等效塑性应变最大值均为左右两帮底角附近。
为进一步研究承载过程中充填钢管支架的塑性应变情况,提取支架上标识点进行分析,图7为拱架结构等效塑性应变值,研究发现:围岩静载作用下,支架等效塑性应变均变化幅度较小,静载中期至后期支架未继续发生形变,此时支架可以稳定承载。
竖向冲击作用下,冲击荷载传递到支架后,标识点4上升幅度较大。钢管混凝土拱架在受到冲击荷载后,各标识点的等效塑性应变逐步上升,而砂石充填钢管受到冲击荷载作用后,等效塑性应变仍处于稳定状态,0.04 s之后才开始稳步上升。砂石充填钢管拱架各标识点的等效塑性应变最大值分别为0.047、0.075、0.096、0.234、0.074、0.05,钢管混凝土拱架各标识点的等效塑性应变最大值分别为0.082、0.125、0.105、0.227、0.125、0.073。由此可得,砂石充填钢管拱架与钢管混凝土拱架相比,等效塑性应变的上升幅度均小于钢管混凝土拱架。
综上所述,静载作用下充填砂石钢管拱架支护具有稳定的承载能力,冲击荷载作用下竖向位移与水平位移变化幅度均较小,与围岩协同作用起到很好的支护效果。
要完成阻尼装置构建,需要先选取阻尼器使用的阻尼参数。本文研究采用瑞利阻尼进行计算,公式为
$\boldsymbol{C}=\alpha \boldsymbol{M}+\beta \boldsymbol{K}$
式(1)中:α为质量阻尼系数;β为刚度阻尼系数; M为质量矩阵;K为刚度矩阵。
$\alpha=\frac{2 \omega_{i} \omega_{j}\left(\xi_{i} \omega_{j}-\xi_{j} \omega_{i}\right)}{\omega_{j}^{2}-\omega_{i}^{2}}$
式(2)中:ωi为结构的第i阶自振频率;ξi为结构阻尼比。
$\beta=\frac{2\left(\xi_{i} \omega_{j}-\xi_{j} \omega_{i}\right)}{\omega_{j}^{2}-\omega_{i}^{2}}$
整合后有限元软件中使用的质量阻尼系数与刚度阻尼系数计算公式为
$\left[\begin{array}{l} \alpha \\ \beta \end{array}\right]=\frac{2 \xi}{\omega_{i}+\omega_{j}}\binom{\omega_{i} \omega_{j}}{1}$
通过式(4)可知,确定有限元软件中质量阻尼系数与刚度阻尼系数需根据结构自振频率进行计算,故建立吸能防冲砂石充填钢管支架间阻尼构件自振数值模型,阻尼块自振结果如图8所示,取第10和第11阶自振频率进行计算。
采用有限元软件将柔性索与阻尼构件连接至3个砂石充填钢管拱架的两侧和顶部,建立巷道三榀支架模型。建立无线元边界并施加矿震波后,根据支架震动幅度与巷道围岩安全系数分析支架的耗能减震性能,模型如图9所示。
柔性索参数为弹性模量取100 MPa,泊松比为0.25,线膨胀系数取1.2×10-5。柔性索之间设置阻尼块,通过赋予阻尼参数设置阻尼。
矿震波采用某矿矿井下实测矿震波数据,波形图如图8(a)所示。矿震波施加时间为0.5 s,主频率为20 Hz,施加位置为第一榀支架正上方。
为研究支架结构的抗震效果,提取巷道中三榀支架应力云图(图10),可以看出应力集中部位为上部与左右柔性索连接位置,阻尼连接器并未发生明显变形,效果较好。
为进一步研究巷道三榀支架耗能减震性能,提取三榀支架顶弧段外侧中点的变形量进行分析,如图11所示。
图11(a)为三榀支架水平位移变化量,可以看出三榀支架中第一榀支架在0~0.1 s的震动幅度较大,0.1~0.3 s的震动幅度减小,0.3 s后位移量为0.5 mm且逐渐趋于稳定状态;第二榀支架在0~0.05 s震动,震动幅度小于第一榀支架,0.5 s后位移量为0.3 mm且位移变化量较稳定;第三榀支架基本无较大震幅,0.5 s时位移量上升至0.2 mm,之后保持稳定状态。图11(b)可以看出3种支架竖直方向位移趋势一致并逐渐增长,第一榀支架大于其他两榀支架,位移最大值分别为-32.2、-30.65、-27.9 mm。图11(c)三榀支架沿围岩法向位移变化量,可以看出第一榀支架在保持震动下逐渐上升,0.15 s时上升至最大位移22 mm,后下降至15 mm,2.5 s后平稳上升;第二榀支架在0~1 s先上升再下降再上升至最高点,0.1 s后平稳上升;第三榀支架在整个过程中基本保持稳定上升。研究表明采用柔性索和阻尼器连接相邻砂石充填钢管拱架可以有效减少支架结构受到震动后的震幅。
为分析支架支护下巷道的安全系数,巷道剪应力云图如图12所示,提取支架与围岩接触面剪应力最大值,计算结构安全系数K,研究其抗震效果。计算公式为
$K N \leqslant \frac{1.75 R_{\mathrm{t}} b h}{\frac{6 e_{0}}{h}-1}$
$K N \leqslant \varphi \alpha R_{\mathrm{a}} b h$
式中:N为轴力;α 为轴向偏心影响系数;b为截面宽度;h为截面厚度;Ra为抗压强度;φ为弯曲系数;Rt为抗拉强度;e0为轴向偏心距。
图12中可以看出巷道左右拐角处剪应力较大,故提取左右拐角处支架与巷道围岩接触点剪应力进行计算,结果如表4所示。第二榀支架左拐角处安全系数提升39.78%,第三榀支架提升40.17%。研究表明,在阻尼器与柔性索协同作用下,相邻支架间抗震效果提升40%左右。
针对冲击地压发生的冲击特性与矿震发生的震动特性,研究了砂石充填钢管拱架结构防冲吸能与耗能减震性能,建立砂石充填钢管拱架与围岩组合模型,分别施加冲击荷载与矿震波研究其支护效果和减震性能;得出如下结论。
(1)砂石充填钢管拱架支护下,巷道越靠近两帮中部水平位移越大,最大值为272 mm,竖向位移为拱顶下沉拱底上拱。除拱脚处的竖向位移之外,其余各点的位移变化量均小于钢管混凝土拱架支护下的巷道,表明在冲击荷载作用下砂石充填钢管的支护效果优于钢管混凝土拱架。
(2)充填砂石钢管拱架的屈服位置发生在左右两拱脚附近,静载作用下拱架上各点的等效塑性保持稳定状态;冲击荷载作用下除拱顶的变化幅度较大,其余各点的变化幅度均较小,且均小于钢管混凝土拱架,表明砂石充填钢管拱架的承载能力较好。
(3)三榀支架中,第一榀支架的位移量大于第二、三榀支架,且震幅也大于第二、三榀支架,第三榀支架的位移量已近似于稳定状态,表明柔性索与阻尼器的双重耗能作用可以消耗支架间传递的震动。
(4)巷道底部两端剪应力较大,通过三榀支架与围岩相切处剪应力最大值计算安全系数,最终相邻支架间抗震效果提升40%左右,为支护耗能减震的研究提供了思路。
  • 国家自然科学基金(51774015)
  • 国家自然科学基金(52427805)
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2025年第25卷第18期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405856
  • 接收时间:2024-08-04
  • 首发时间:2025-12-17
  • 出版时间:2025-06-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-04
  • 修回日期:2025-03-31
基金
国家自然科学基金(51774015)
国家自然科学基金(52427805)
作者信息
    北方工业大学土木工程学院, 北京 100144

通讯作者:

* 安栋(1986—),男,汉族,山东日照人,博士,讲师。研究方向:结构抗震与吸能减震。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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