Article(id=1208051027606082140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1208051024368083510, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405530, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1721664000000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-23, revisedDate=1743004800000, revisedDateStr=2025-03-27, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1765951409484, onlineDateStr=2025-12-17, pubDate=1751040000000, pubDateStr=2025-06-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765951409484, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765951409484, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765951409484, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1208051024368083510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='18', pageStart='7455', pageEnd='7883', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765951408712, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765951896766, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1208053071507198943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1208051024368083510, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1208053071507198944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1208051024368083510, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=7583, endPage=7589, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1208051029548044943, articleId=1208051027606082140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Composite Time Production Decline Model of Shale Gas Based on Adaptive PSO Parameter Optimization, columnId=1156262729003422020, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Due to the complex reservoir conditions and multi-scale pore structure of shale gas, the production shows significant nonlinear characteristics over time. Traditional production prediction methods, which rely on statistical analysis of geological and engineering data, find it difficult to adapt to the complexity of geological conditions and thus cannot achieve high accuracy. A method that combines the hyperbolic decline model with a composite function having time attributes was proposed. The improved A-PSO (adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm) was used to find the optimal model parameters, establishing a composite time hyperbolic decline model. The research results show as follows. The A-PSO optimization algorithm can automatically adjust parameters and model structure according to the complexity of production data and data changes, finding the optimal parameter combination more quickly and accurately, thereby improving prediction accuracy. The production fluctuates greatly over time, making it difficult for conventional decline models to reflect its characteristics. The composite time decline model, with its strong flexibility, can consider the complexity and variability of oil and gas reservoirs, more accurately describe the production changes of shale gas wells at different stages, and provide higher fitting accuracy, making the production prediction closer to the actual value.

, correspAuthors=Xiao-long PENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Guo-hui LUO, Xiao-long PENG, Chen YANG, Su-yang ZHU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1208051033746543404, articleId=1208051027606082140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=基于自适应PSO参数优化的页岩气复合时间产量递减模型, columnId=1156262729603207500, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·石油、天然气工业, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

页岩气因其储层条件复杂、多尺度孔隙结构,产量随时间变化呈现明显的非线性特征,传统的产量预测方法依赖于地质和工程数据的统计分析,很难适应地质条件的复杂性而无法达到高准确性。提出了将超双曲递减模型与具有时间属性的复合函数结合的方法,并使用改进的自适应粒子群优化算法(adaptive-particle swarm optimization, A-PSO)来寻找最优模型参数,建立了复合时间超双曲递减模型。研究结果表明:采用A-PSO优化算法能够根据产量数据的复杂性和数据的变化自动调整参数和模型结构,能更快更准地找到最优参数组合,提高预测精度;产量在时间上的波动大,常规递减模型难以反映其特征,复合时间递减模型灵活性强,能够考虑油气藏的复杂性和多变性,更准确地描述页岩气井在不同阶段的产量变化,提供更高的拟合精度,使得产量预测更接近实际值。

, correspAuthors=彭小龙, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 彭小龙(1973—),男,汉族,四川达州人,博士,教授。研究方向:油气及煤层气藏渗流理论和数值模拟、地质建模数模一体化和油气藏分子模拟。E-mail:
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骆国辉(1999—),男,汉族,四川泸州人,硕士。研究方向:页岩气可采量评估及产量预测方法和数值模拟算法。E-mail:

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骆国辉(1999—),男,汉族,四川泸州人,硕士。研究方向:页岩气可采量评估及产量预测方法和数值模拟算法。E-mail:

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骆国辉(1999—),男,汉族,四川泸州人,硕士。研究方向:页岩气可采量评估及产量预测方法和数值模拟算法。E-mail:

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Decline model comparison

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模型 R2/% NMSE AIC BIC
T-HDM 87.853 0.121 3 068.488 3 092.161
HDM 74.628 0.177 4 112.060 4 129.815
Duong 70.212 0.197 4 890.023 4 921.412
), ArticleFig(id=1208085592374612272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051027606082140, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

递减模型对比

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模型 R2/% NMSE AIC BIC
T-HDM 87.853 0.121 3 068.488 3 092.161
HDM 74.628 0.177 4 112.060 4 129.815
Duong 70.212 0.197 4 890.023 4 921.412
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基于自适应PSO参数优化的页岩气复合时间产量递减模型
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骆国辉 , 彭小龙 * , 杨晨 , 朱苏阳
科学技术与工程 | 论文·石油、天然气工业 2025,25(18): 7583-7589
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·石油、天然气工业 2025, 25(18): 7583-7589
基于自适应PSO参数优化的页岩气复合时间产量递减模型
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骆国辉 , 彭小龙* , 杨晨, 朱苏阳
作者信息
  • 西南石油大学油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室, 成都 610500
  • 骆国辉(1999—),男,汉族,四川泸州人,硕士。研究方向:页岩气可采量评估及产量预测方法和数值模拟算法。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 彭小龙(1973—),男,汉族,四川达州人,博士,教授。研究方向:油气及煤层气藏渗流理论和数值模拟、地质建模数模一体化和油气藏分子模拟。E-mail:
Composite Time Production Decline Model of Shale Gas Based on Adaptive PSO Parameter Optimization
Guo-hui LUO , Xiao-long PENG* , Chen YANG, Su-yang ZHU
Affiliations
  • State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu 610500, China
出版时间: 2025-06-28 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405530
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页岩气因其储层条件复杂、多尺度孔隙结构,产量随时间变化呈现明显的非线性特征,传统的产量预测方法依赖于地质和工程数据的统计分析,很难适应地质条件的复杂性而无法达到高准确性。提出了将超双曲递减模型与具有时间属性的复合函数结合的方法,并使用改进的自适应粒子群优化算法(adaptive-particle swarm optimization, A-PSO)来寻找最优模型参数,建立了复合时间超双曲递减模型。研究结果表明:采用A-PSO优化算法能够根据产量数据的复杂性和数据的变化自动调整参数和模型结构,能更快更准地找到最优参数组合,提高预测精度;产量在时间上的波动大,常规递减模型难以反映其特征,复合时间递减模型灵活性强,能够考虑油气藏的复杂性和多变性,更准确地描述页岩气井在不同阶段的产量变化,提供更高的拟合精度,使得产量预测更接近实际值。

复合时间超双曲递减模型  /  自适应粒子群优化算法  /  参数优化  /  页岩气  /  产量预测

Due to the complex reservoir conditions and multi-scale pore structure of shale gas, the production shows significant nonlinear characteristics over time. Traditional production prediction methods, which rely on statistical analysis of geological and engineering data, find it difficult to adapt to the complexity of geological conditions and thus cannot achieve high accuracy. A method that combines the hyperbolic decline model with a composite function having time attributes was proposed. The improved A-PSO (adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm) was used to find the optimal model parameters, establishing a composite time hyperbolic decline model. The research results show as follows. The A-PSO optimization algorithm can automatically adjust parameters and model structure according to the complexity of production data and data changes, finding the optimal parameter combination more quickly and accurately, thereby improving prediction accuracy. The production fluctuates greatly over time, making it difficult for conventional decline models to reflect its characteristics. The composite time decline model, with its strong flexibility, can consider the complexity and variability of oil and gas reservoirs, more accurately describe the production changes of shale gas wells at different stages, and provide higher fitting accuracy, making the production prediction closer to the actual value.

composite time super-hyperbolic decline model  /  adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm  /  parameter optimization  /  shale gas  /  production forecasting
骆国辉, 彭小龙, 杨晨, 朱苏阳. 基于自适应PSO参数优化的页岩气复合时间产量递减模型. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (18) : 7583 -7589 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405530
Guo-hui LUO, Xiao-long PENG, Chen YANG, Su-yang ZHU. Composite Time Production Decline Model of Shale Gas Based on Adaptive PSO Parameter Optimization[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (18) : 7583 -7589 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405530
页岩气是一种非常特殊的天然气资源,与常规天然气相比,其岩层密度大、孔隙度低,气体难以自然流动,开采过程更加复杂[1-3]。自20世纪80年代末以来,页岩气逐渐成为天然气产量的重要组成部分,其在天然气产量中的比例持续提升[4]。然而,关于页岩气生产的长期可持续性的争论仍然存在,一些研究强调了页岩气井的高递减率,这表明生产水平最终可能低于目前的预测[5],合理的产量预测是实现页岩气开发的高效、安全、经济开发的关键,对于推动页岩气产业的发展具有重要作用[6-7]。由于页岩气储层的独特特征和挑战,页岩气产量预测模型的发展经历了相当大的演变。页岩气产量通常呈现早期峰值,随后急剧下降,因此需要精确的预测模型来优化开采并预测最终采收率。
页岩气产量预测依赖于各种模型和方法来解释非常规储层的独特特征,在这些方法中,递减曲线分析因其预测油气产量的简单和高效而脱颖而出[8]。该模型对包括页岩气、致密气等非常规储层在内的多种储层类型的适应性突出了其在现代石油工程中的重要性[9]。但其预测的准确性在很大程度上取决于用于模型拟合的历史生产数据的质量和规模,在确定模型参数方面也存在挑战,既困难又耗时,为了应对这些挑战,研究人员开发了各种适应和混合模型,扩展指数下降曲线分析(extended exponential decline curve analysis, EEDCA)、Duong模型和幂律指数模型等[10-13],以提高双曲线递减模型对非常规油藏的适用性,但传统递减方法主要通过理论分析及统计方法确定参数[14-15]。近年来,人们探索了结合机器学习和统计方法的创新方法来提高预测精度。例如,已经提出将高斯过程回归(Gaussian process regression, GPR)与卷积神经网络(convolutional neural networks, CNN)相结合来补充传统的数值模拟。该混合模型旨在克服传统模拟的资源密集性,实现水平井参数的快速优化[16-17]。另一种新颖的方法是使用粒子群优化算法(particle swarm optimization, PSO)优化的带有4个参数的新灰色模型,该模型解决了现有灰色模型特征表达不足、参数优化不足等缺点,粒子群算法与灰色建模相结合,预测精度更高,计算成本更低[18-20]
预测产量和估算最终采收率(estimated ultimate recovery, EUR)对于优化页岩气开发至关重要,产量递减通常会受到多种因素的影响,单纯使用超双曲递减模型的观察时间无法充分反映这些变化,且需要稳健数据和仔细参数估计[21]。现提出将具有时间属性的复合函数与超双曲递减模型进行融合的方法,同时采用自适应粒子群优化算法寻找最优模型参数的产量递减模型。
超双曲递减模型(hyper-hyperbolic decline model, HDM)是在双曲递减的基础上发展起来的[22-24],当双曲递减指数b>1时,就进入了超双曲递减阶段,产量下降的速度会随着时间的推移而加快。超双曲递减模型的方程表示为
$q(t)=\frac{q_{\mathrm{i}}}{\left(1+b d_{\mathrm{i}} t\right)^{1 / b}}$
式(1)中:q为产气量,m3/d;qi为初始产量,m3/d;b为递减指数,无因次;di为初始递减率,1/d;t为生产时间,d。
在开发过程中,天然气的产量递减通常会受到多种随时间变化的因素的不确定性影响,超双曲递减模型有时难以准确描述产量递减的复杂性[25]。具有时间属性的复合函数能更好地反映气藏系统的发展变化,因为它可以将时间视为一个动态的变量,而不仅仅是一个静态的观察时间。
$T(t)=m t^{b}$
式(2)中:m为调整时间的影响因子。
T视为一个具有时间属性的复合函数,这个复合函数能够有效地描绘出气藏系统随时间的演进,因为它把时间当作一个动态变量来处理(图1),而不是单纯作为一个静态的观测点。这样的处理方式使得函数能够捕捉到气藏系统在不同时间点的状态变化,从而提供一个更为动态和全面的系统描述。
m的值可以根据实际情况进行调整,以反映时间对产量递减的具体影响。如果m的值较大,那么时间的影响就会更加显著;反之,如果m的值较小,那么时间的影响就会相对较小。通过调整m的值,可以使模型更好地适应不同的气藏条件和开发策略,从而提高预测的精度和可靠性。将时间的影响因素与超双曲递减模型进行结合,建立复合时间递减模型(T-hyper-hyperbolic decline model, T-HDM),从而更准确地描述产量递减的过程,即
$q(t)=\frac{q_{\mathrm{i}}}{\left[1+b d_{\mathrm{i}} T(t)\right]^{1 / b}}$
油气藏的开发过程是一个复杂的动态过程,受到地质条件、流体性质、开发方式等多种因素的影响。将传统递减模型中的人们观察时间t转换为反应油气系统中内在变化的复合函数T(t),将时间与油气系统内在变化的复合函数联系起来,可以更全面地考虑油气藏的时空演化规律,进而使递减模型更加符合实际情况,可以得到拟合精度较高的、新的产量递减方程。从油气藏系统内部时空角度考虑,重新完善递减模型。再通过实际气藏开发,调整复合函数T(t),将有助于进一步辨识油气藏内各种影响因素与时间t的变化规律。
粒子群算法是一种基于群体智能的优化算法,具有收敛速度快、参数少,对高维度优化问题能快速收敛于最优解。在PSO中,每个粒子代表解空间中的一个潜在解,粒子通过跟踪个体历史最佳位置pbest和群体历史最佳位置gbest来更新自己的速度和位置[26-28]。粒子的移动受到自身经验和群体经验的共同影响,通过这种方式,粒子群作为一个整体在解空间中搜索全局最优解。
PSO算法包含速度更新和位置更新两个主要方程,其中速度更新公式,即粒子下一步迭代移动的距离和方向,也就是一个位置向量,即
$v_{i}^{n+1}=\omega v_{i}^{n}+c_{1} r_{1}\left(p_{\text {best }_{i}}^{n}-x_{i}^{n}\right)+c_{2} r_{2}\left(g_{\text {best }}^{n}-x_{i}^{n}\right)$
式(4)中:vi为粒子i的移动速度;ω为粒子惯性权重;c1为个体加速常量;c2为群体加速常量;r1r2为位置权重; p b e s t i为粒子最优位置;gbest为群体最优位置;xi为粒子位置;n为迭代次数。
每个粒子的更新位置由当前位置和新计算的速度决定,即位置更新方程为
$v_{i}^{t+1}=\omega v_{i}^{t}+c_{1} r_{1}\left(p_{\text {best }_{i}}^{t}-x_{i}^{t}\right)+c_{2} r_{2}\left(g_{\text {best }}^{t}-x_{i}^{t}\right)$
每个粒子的速度和位置的参数相互依赖,即位置取决于速度,同时,速度依赖于位置。速度更新公式根据粒子自身的历史经验以及群体中其他粒子的信息来更新粒子的速度,其包括3个部分:考虑了粒子个体搜索能力,使粒子根据自身历史最佳位置进行调整,以便向历史最佳位置移动的个体经验项;考虑了粒子群体的合作搜索能力,使粒子根据群体中其他粒子的历史最佳位置进行调整,以便向全局最佳位置移动的社会经验项,以及用于平衡个体经验项和社会经验项的影响惯性权重,其随着迭代的进行逐渐减小,以增加算法的收敛性,3个部分对于数据方向的调整如图 2所示。
本文研究通过聚类算法将例子动态划分区域,通过区域划分平衡局部搜索与全局搜索的能力,提高算法的收敛速度和精度;同时根据粒子间的距离动态调整惯性权重[自适应惯性权重,式(6)]和加速度因子[自适应加速度因子,式(7)],使粒子在全局搜索和局部搜索之间切换,实现例子间的信息素增量的自适应策略,构建自适应粒子群优化算法。
惯性权重调整,在收敛初期保持较大的惯性权重,以促进全局搜索,随着迭代进行,逐步减小惯性权重,增强局部搜索能力。
$\omega=\omega_{\max }\left(\frac{\omega_{\min }}{\omega_{\max }}\right)^{\frac{\mathrm{iter}}{\mathrm{iter}_{\max }}}$
式(6)中:ωmaxωmax为最大、最小惯性权重;iter为迭次次数;itermax最大迭代次数。
加速度因子调整,根据粒子在簇内和全局最优解之间的相对位置,动态调整个体和群体加速度因子。
$c_{i}=c_{i, \min }+\frac{f_{\mathrm{best}}-f_{i}}{f_{\mathrm{best}}-f_{\mathrm{worst}}}\left(c_{i, \max }-c_{i, \min }\right)$
式(7)中:ci为粒子i的加速度因子;ci,maxci,min为粒子i的最大、最小加速度因子;fi为粒子i的适应度值;fbestfworst为当前群体中的最优、最差适应度值。
通过动态调整粒子的学习速度和方向,使其能够更有效地搜索全局最优解,特别是在处理连续变量时,信息素增量根据每次迭代开始时找到的最优解的启发式值自适应调整。这种方法有助于保持探索和利用之间的有效平衡,寻找最优的参数组合,从而提高算法的收敛性,以最小损失率拟合历史产量数据。
递减模型由4个参数特征化:初始产量率qi、递减率di、递减曲线指数b、时间复合函数影响因子m。在历史产量数据上采用A-PSO算法寻找让递减模型具有最优历史生产拟合效果参数组。首先定义目标函数用于评价优化模型的性能,同时确定模型待定参数优化阈值,这些超参数的阈值将确定一个以超参数取值为因变量的求解空间,避免出现过拟合或者欠拟合的情况。PSO算法在给定的求解空间内寻找能够最优化拟合的参数组合,即通过最小化目标函数来优化待定参数[28]
$\left\{\begin{array}{l} \min f(X) \\ g_{i}(X) \leqslant g_{i}, \quad i=1,2, \cdots, n \end{array}\right.$
在模型拟合的过程中,将模型拟合到生产数据上,并使用最佳拟合参数来计算决定系数(R-squared,R2),以评估拟合的质量。同时,通过计算残差的标准差来计算拟合曲线和未来预测的不确定性,参数优化过程中可到一组对应的超参数值 x i k,整体优化策略如下。
(1)定义目标函数来评估模型的性,这个函数通常是基于预测值和实际值之间的误差。
(2)在A-PSO中,每个粒子代表了一组潜在的解决方案,即模型参数的一个组合,需要随机初始化一群粒子的位置和速度。
(3)为算法设置适当的参数,如粒子群的大小、最大迭代次数、惯性权重、个体学习因子和社会学习因子。
(4)迭代优化:①由粒子当前位置和速度,以及历史最优位置和全局最优位置,更新粒子的位置和速度;②根据目标函数评估每个粒子的适应度,即模型的拟合程度;③根据粒子的适应度更新历史最优位置和全局最优位置。
(5)最终的gbest代表了优化后的模型参数,根据全局最优位置得到最优的参数组合,即为优化后的产量递减模型参数。
在进行产量数据分析前,需要进行一些必要的数据处理步骤包括数据清洗、数据标准化或归一化、处理缺失值、拆分训练集和测试集等,以确保数据的质量和模型的准确性,模型建立流程如图3所示。
使用自适应粒子群算优化算法A-PSO对递减模型参数进行优化,在参数控件中初始化粒子,以每个例子的位置和速度初始化为随机值,目标函数定义为拟合数据的均方误差(mean square error, MSE),用于计算每个例子的适应度。
MSE= 1 N i = 1 n [ x ( t i , R ) - x i ] 2
式(9)中:N为样本数量;x(ti,R)在时间ti和参数R下的模型输出值;R为模型待优化的参数向量; x i为第i个时间点对应的观测值。
对于每个粒子,记录当前的最优位置(个体最佳位置pbest);新全局最佳位置(全局最佳位置gbest);根据粒子位置和速度更新公式更新。同时采用R2衡量每组参数在历史生产数据的拟合效,用于衡量独立变量对因变量变异性的解释程度。R2介于0~1,其中R2=0表示模型无法解释任何变异性,而R2=1表示模型完美地解释了所有变异性。
$R^{2}=\frac{1-\mathrm{SS}_{\mathrm{res}}}{1-\mathrm{SS}_{\mathrm{tot}}}$
式(10)中:SSres为残差平方和,即观测值与模型预测值之差的平方和;SStot为总平方和,即观测值与观测值平均数之差的平方和。
在复合时间递减模型的非线性背景下,结合自适应粒子群优化(A-PSO)算法能够对时间序列及其导数进行稳健的估计,这对于重建高分辨率的过程变化记录至关重要。A-PSO通过动态调整算法的控制参数,增强了优化过程的自适应性,进一步提高了算法在复杂系统中的表现。同时,其优化能力使其能够有效融合稀疏采样的时间序列数据与模拟的产量变化,从而全面捕捉产量递减过程的细微变化。通过这种方式,A-PSO不仅改善了模型在时间上的动态预测能力,还在实际应用中显著优化了模型的性能,进而提升了预测的准确性和可靠性。
数据预处理是石油工程中对原始采气数据进行清洗、转换、规范化等处理的过程,由于传感器故障、采集错误或其他操作问题导致数据错误、缺失。为了确保数据分析和建模的准确性,需要对这些缺失值进行合理的处理以便于进行更精确的分析、建模或优化。对于数据中存在的缺失值,采用了高效的随机森林插值法,该方法通过以下步骤来进行空缺值的填充。
(1)对数据集中的缺失值用相应变量的中位数/均值、众数进行初始填充。
(2)将已知的变量作为模型输人,同时把含有缺失值的变量作为标签值来训练随机森林模型。
(3)使用训练好的模型来预测并填补缺失值。
使用CN页岩气区块部分井的实测数据对单井历史产量数据进行拟合分析和预测,以该区块2015—2022年日产气量数据作为该模型测试数据建立产量递减模型并检验模型实际效果。由该区块实际情况合理设置这些参数的范围,以确保模型的拟合效果和预测的准确性,同时将参数限制在一定的范围内变化在一定的范围内变化。此外,还设置了拟合曲线和预测曲线的显著性水平,表示希望模型的拟合和预测结果具有较高的置信度,同时在未来产量预测的过程中,预测了历史数据之后指定天数的未来产量,通过预测准确情况可以为模型准确性提供依据。
以该区块生产井拟合预测结果如图4所示,其不确定拟合带和预测不确定带明显低于基础递减模型,如图5所示,T-HDM递减模型计算EUR值更接近于真实生产数据拟合预测效果有明显提升。
HDM递减模型在描述初期和后期递减时相对简化,但并没有考虑到页岩气井的复杂开采特性。超双曲模型适用于传统油气田,但在页岩气的开发中,由于页岩气井的储层特性,它的拟合效果不一定理想,特别是在高压水力压裂或长时间生产情况下,模型的预测能力可能较差。Duong模型虽然在一定程度上能捕捉页岩气井的前期快速递减特性,但仍然存在简化假设,对于生产后期的递减过程拟合差。T-HDM模型能够更加灵活和精确地反映页岩气井的产量衰减过程,从而提供更可靠的预测,尤其适用于非常规油气的开采。
在模型拟合的过程中,将模型拟合到生产数据上,并使用最佳拟合参数来计算R2,以评估拟合的质量,同时,通过归一化均方差来计算拟合曲线和未来预测的不确定性。
此外,模型质量对比采用赤池信息量准则(akaike information criterion, AIC)和贝叶斯信息准则(Bayesian information criterion, BIC),对于同一个数据样本,AIC和BIC数值小的模型更好。
$\left\{\begin{array}{l} \mathrm{AIC}=2 k-2 \ln L \\ \mathrm{BIC}=k \ln m-2 \ln L \end{array}\right.$
式(11)中:m为数据点数;k为模型参数个数;L为模型的最大似然估计值。
表1所示,复合时间递减模型T-HDM较HDM模型的R2有明显提升,拟合误差也得到较好的控制。同时,AIC和BIC数值都减小了25%,说明模型的拟合效果得到了改善,T-HDM能更准确地描述了数据的变化趋势,能更好地捕捉生产模式。
(1)时间属性与超双曲递减的融合模型是一种有效的产量预测工具,它结合了指数递减和双曲递减两种模型的优点,能够较好地描述油气井在不同阶段的产量变化。
(2)采用自适应粒子群优化算法A-PSO进行递减模型待定参数选择,通过个体局部信息和群体全局信息的协同搜索,使得整个群体能够有效地向最优解靠拢,参数选择以实际生产数据为基础,使得拟合预测更具客观性,极大程度的避免了传统方式的主观性误差。
(3)使用时间属性与超双曲递减的融合模型通过对历史产量数据的拟合,可以精准预测气井的未来产量,比常规递减模型提高产量精度在25%以上。
  • 四川省中央引导地方科技发展项目(2022ZYD0003)
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405530
  • 接收时间:2024-07-23
  • 首发时间:2025-12-17
  • 出版时间:2025-06-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-23
  • 修回日期:2025-03-27
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四川省中央引导地方科技发展项目(2022ZYD0003)
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    西南石油大学油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室, 成都 610500

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* 彭小龙(1973—),男,汉族,四川达州人,博士,教授。研究方向:油气及煤层气藏渗流理论和数值模拟、地质建模数模一体化和油气藏分子模拟。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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