Article(id=1208051027102769736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1208051024368083510, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405680, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1722182400000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-29, revisedDate=1743091200000, revisedDateStr=2025-03-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1765951409364, onlineDateStr=2025-12-17, pubDate=1751040000000, pubDateStr=2025-06-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765951409364, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765951409364, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765951409364, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1208051024368083510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='18', pageStart='7455', pageEnd='7883', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765951408712, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765951896766, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1208053071507198943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1208051024368083510, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1208053071507198944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1208051024368083510, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=7575, endPage=7582, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1208051027555754583, articleId=1208051027102769736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Anti-corrosion Potential of Cement Single Ore C4AF and C3A in CCUS Environment, columnId=1156262729003422020, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The variation law of C4AF and C3A corrosion products and the formation rate coefficient of CaCO3 of cement single ore were quantitatively analyzed by SEM, XRD and TG analysis and test methods. The experimental results showed that both C4AF and C3A produced a large number of flocculent phases after CO2 corrosion, but C3A produced more lumpy and flocculent phases after corrosion than C4AF corrosion. The relative crystallinity of C3AH6 decreases and the relative crystallinity of aragonite increases in the later stage of corrosion reaction, and the quantitative analysis results show that the content of CaCO3 in C4AF is higher than that of C3A, and the molar formation rate of CaCO3 in C4AF is 28.36 mol/d and that of C3A sample is only 4.23 mol/d after 1 day of corrosion reaction. With the extension of the corrosion reaction time to 28 days, the molar formation rate of corrosion products of C4AF and C3A continued to decrease, which was 1.83 mol/d and 1.48 mol/d, respectively. The coefficient of corrosion product formation α rate of C4AF was 32.62 after fitting, which was much higher than that of C3A single ore (2.74). The corrosion resistance of C3A ore in CCUS environment is stronger than that of C4AF, which not only provides theoretical guidance for the development of high performance cement materials resistant to CO2 corrosion, but also provides a basis for the application of cement in CCUS environment.

, correspAuthors=Xiao-wei CHENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jing-hong ZHOU, Ke WU, Zhen-hua XIAO, Xu-sheng HE, Ruo-yu YANG, Kai-yuan MEI, Xiao-wei CHENG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1208051030219137737, articleId=1208051027102769736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=水泥单矿C4AF和C3A在CCUS环境中的抗腐蚀潜力, columnId=1156262729603207500, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·石油、天然气工业, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

通过SEM、XRD以及TG的分析测试方法,定量分析水泥单矿C4AF和C3A腐蚀产物的变化规律与腐蚀产物CaCO3的生成速率系数。实验结果表明,C4AF和C3A在受到CO2腐蚀后,均有大量团絮状物相产生,但C3A腐蚀后产生了比C4AF腐蚀后更多的块状、棒状产物;C4AF和C3A单矿在腐蚀反应后的物相主要是C3AH6和霰石,在腐蚀反应后期C3AH6的相对结晶度降低,霰石的相对结晶度升高;物相定量分析结果表明,C4AF单矿腐蚀产物CaCO3的含量高于C3A;动力学计算结果表明C4AF在腐蚀反应1 d后CaCO3的摩尔生成率为28.36 mol/d,C3A试样仅为4.23 mol/d。随着腐蚀反应时间延长至28 d,C4AF和C3A单矿的腐蚀产物摩尔生成率均持续减小,分别为1.83 mol/d和1.48 mol/d。拟合后C4AF的腐蚀产物生成速率系数α为32.62,远高于C3A单矿的2.74。C3A单矿在CCUS环境中抗CO2的腐蚀能力较C4AF更强,这不仅为开发抗CO2腐蚀的高性能水泥材料提供理论指导,也为水泥在CCUS环境中的应用提供了依据。

, correspAuthors=程小伟, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 程小伟(1984—),男,汉族,陕西西安人,博士,教授。研究方向:油气井固井胶凝材料。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=9EdxWkU4px6LpGk+oOTD/Q==, magXml=vp0UYrwl5crllqdu5JidLg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=B+sCjsLnrjlrDGHsGjoPyg==, pdfFileSize=9403259, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=7usJLBrIc+Hdgzjcq3zolQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=OcMnT1Sb8MK4VHZtDonscw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

周井红(1984—),男,汉族,重庆人,高级工程师。研究方向:钻井工程管理。E-mail:

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周井红(1984—),男,汉族,重庆人,高级工程师。研究方向:钻井工程管理。E-mail:

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周井红(1984—),男,汉族,重庆人,高级工程师。研究方向:钻井工程管理。E-mail:

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Phase composition control and mechanical property of new oil well cement[J]. 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EHT为加速电压;WD为工作距离,代表物镜焦距;Signal A=SE1即用SE1探测器;Mag为放大倍数;Date为日期;Time为时间

, figureFileSmall=K9EpaO/szStx+DNqsmlNDw==, figureFileBig=/7fR3CHd7VyGpBpPGLwK3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208085595432264566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051027102769736, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Phase changes of C4AF corrosion samples at different corrosion ages, figureFileSmall=Al0kkOIDRAZnYdCtF0WDtg==, figureFileBig=k+UruhdFLytYIToQ1x4Qrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208085595570676606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051027102769736, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同腐蚀龄期下C4AF腐蚀试样物相变化, figureFileSmall=Al0kkOIDRAZnYdCtF0WDtg==, figureFileBig=k+UruhdFLytYIToQ1x4Qrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208085595721671558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051027102769736, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Phase changes of C3A corrosion samples at different corrosion ages, figureFileSmall=9TcRW766Pw7jlDacTwFj0w==, figureFileBig=Ei+5u/r6vGroK5L96cn8tw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208085595889443728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051027102769736, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同腐蚀龄期下C3A腐蚀试样物相变化, figureFileSmall=9TcRW766Pw7jlDacTwFj0w==, figureFileBig=Ei+5u/r6vGroK5L96cn8tw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208085596006884251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051027102769736, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=The DTA curve and the content of each component were quantitatively tested for CO2 corrosion products of C4AF samples, figureFileSmall=nZmq6e4KXIsfkgVV8bBh0g==, figureFileBig=Ut0yeUVbAc4pv9WZNneACg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208085596141101990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051027102769736, language=CN, label=图4, caption=C4AF试样CO2腐蚀产物定量测试DTA曲线与各组分含量, figureFileSmall=nZmq6e4KXIsfkgVV8bBh0g==, figureFileBig=Ut0yeUVbAc4pv9WZNneACg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208085596241765294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051027102769736, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=The DTA curve and the content of each component were quantitatively tested for CO2 corrosion products of C3A samples, figureFileSmall=M2+onPJynywqOIJ2xpPOOw==, figureFileBig=V4IIR520zsE03LB3wKM5rg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208085596363400118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051027102769736, language=CN, label=图5, caption=C3A试样CO2腐蚀产物定量测试DTA曲线与各组分含量, figureFileSmall=M2+onPJynywqOIJ2xpPOOw==, figureFileBig=V4IIR520zsE03LB3wKM5rg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208085596514395073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051027102769736, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Fitting results of CO2 corrosion product formation rate and corrosion time of cement single mine C4AF and C3A, figureFileSmall=jgmLbd7vy0RG6x4phSSb3g==, figureFileBig=/BCZwSybwmfu9Va8jbOiNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208085596631835591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051027102769736, language=CN, label=图6, caption=水泥单矿C4AF和C3A 的CO2腐蚀产物生成率与腐蚀时间拟合结果, figureFileSmall=jgmLbd7vy0RG6x4phSSb3g==, figureFileBig=/BCZwSybwmfu9Va8jbOiNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208085596820579278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051027102769736, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The specific surface area and median particle size of cement single ore powder for experiment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类型 比表面积/(m2·g-1) 粒径中位数/μm
C4AF 0.95 8.854
C3A 1.00 9.357
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实验用水泥单矿粉体比表面积与粒径中位数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类型 比表面积/(m2·g-1) 粒径中位数/μm
C4AF 0.95 8.854
C3A 1.00 9.357
), ArticleFig(id=1208085597034488800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051027102769736, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Test and analysis experimental equipment and parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测试项目 生产厂家及型号 实验参数
X射线衍射分析(XRD) 方圆仪器有限公司,DXJ-2000 Cu-Kα辐射,40 kV和30 mA,5°~80° 2θ角范围,0.04° 2步长
热重分析(TG/DTG) 瑞士Mettle Toledo公司,TGA/SDTA851e 10 ℃/min,40~1 000 ℃,在氮气氛围条件下
环境扫描电子显微镜(SEM-EDS) 德国蔡司公司,Quanta 450 加速电压为20 kV
), ArticleFig(id=1208085597130957800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051027102769736, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

测试分析实验装置及参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测试项目 生产厂家及型号 实验参数
X射线衍射分析(XRD) 方圆仪器有限公司,DXJ-2000 Cu-Kα辐射,40 kV和30 mA,5°~80° 2θ角范围,0.04° 2步长
热重分析(TG/DTG) 瑞士Mettle Toledo公司,TGA/SDTA851e 10 ℃/min,40~1 000 ℃,在氮气氛围条件下
环境扫描电子显微镜(SEM-EDS) 德国蔡司公司,Quanta 450 加速电压为20 kV
), ArticleFig(id=1208085597235815413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051027102769736, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Molar formation rate of corrosion products of C4AF and C3A samples

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
腐蚀反应时间/d 摩尔生成率/(mol·d-1)
C4AF-CaCO3 C3A-CaCO3
1 28.36 4.23
3 9.74 1.45
7 6.32 2.25
14 3.28 2.36
28 1.83 1.48
), ArticleFig(id=1208085597353255932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051027102769736, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

C4AF和C3A试样腐蚀产物摩尔生成率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
腐蚀反应时间/d 摩尔生成率/(mol·d-1)
C4AF-CaCO3 C3A-CaCO3
1 28.36 4.23
3 9.74 1.45
7 6.32 2.25
14 3.28 2.36
28 1.83 1.48
), ArticleFig(id=1208085597541998599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051027102769736, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Fitting results of molar formation rate of CO2 corrosion products of C4AF and C3A in cement single mine

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
P - α β R2
C4AF 32.62 -5.825 0.966
C3A 2.74 1.033 0.617
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水泥单矿C4AF和C3A的CO2腐蚀产物摩尔生成率拟合结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
P - α β R2
C4AF 32.62 -5.825 0.966
C3A 2.74 1.033 0.617
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水泥单矿C4AF和C3A在CCUS环境中的抗腐蚀潜力
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周井红 1 , 吴坷 1 , 肖振华 1 , 何旭晟 1 , 杨若愚 1 , 梅开元 2, 3 , 程小伟 2, 3, *
科学技术与工程 | 论文·石油、天然气工业 2025,25(18): 7575-7582
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·石油、天然气工业 2025, 25(18): 7575-7582
水泥单矿C4AF和C3A在CCUS环境中的抗腐蚀潜力
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周井红1 , 吴坷1, 肖振华1, 何旭晟1, 杨若愚1, 梅开元2, 3, 程小伟2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1 中国石油天然气股份有限公司西南油气田分公司勘探事业部, 成都 621000
  • 2 西南石油大学新能源与材料学院, 成都 610500
  • 3 西南石油大学油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室, 成都 610500
  • 周井红(1984—),男,汉族,重庆人,高级工程师。研究方向:钻井工程管理。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 程小伟(1984—),男,汉族,陕西西安人,博士,教授。研究方向:油气井固井胶凝材料。E-mail:
Anti-corrosion Potential of Cement Single Ore C4AF and C3A in CCUS Environment
Jing-hong ZHOU1 , Ke WU1, Zhen-hua XIAO1, Xu-sheng HE1, Ruo-yu YANG1, Kai-yuan MEI2, 3, Xiao-wei CHENG2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Exploration Division, Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company, Chengdu 621000, China
  • 2 School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
  • 3 National Key Laboratory of Reservoir Geology and Development, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
出版时间: 2025-06-28 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405680
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通过SEM、XRD以及TG的分析测试方法,定量分析水泥单矿C4AF和C3A腐蚀产物的变化规律与腐蚀产物CaCO3的生成速率系数。实验结果表明,C4AF和C3A在受到CO2腐蚀后,均有大量团絮状物相产生,但C3A腐蚀后产生了比C4AF腐蚀后更多的块状、棒状产物;C4AF和C3A单矿在腐蚀反应后的物相主要是C3AH6和霰石,在腐蚀反应后期C3AH6的相对结晶度降低,霰石的相对结晶度升高;物相定量分析结果表明,C4AF单矿腐蚀产物CaCO3的含量高于C3A;动力学计算结果表明C4AF在腐蚀反应1 d后CaCO3的摩尔生成率为28.36 mol/d,C3A试样仅为4.23 mol/d。随着腐蚀反应时间延长至28 d,C4AF和C3A单矿的腐蚀产物摩尔生成率均持续减小,分别为1.83 mol/d和1.48 mol/d。拟合后C4AF的腐蚀产物生成速率系数α为32.62,远高于C3A单矿的2.74。C3A单矿在CCUS环境中抗CO2的腐蚀能力较C4AF更强,这不仅为开发抗CO2腐蚀的高性能水泥材料提供理论指导,也为水泥在CCUS环境中的应用提供了依据。

C4AF/C3A  /  CCUS  /  相对结晶度  /  CaCO3生成速率

The variation law of C4AF and C3A corrosion products and the formation rate coefficient of CaCO3 of cement single ore were quantitatively analyzed by SEM, XRD and TG analysis and test methods. The experimental results showed that both C4AF and C3A produced a large number of flocculent phases after CO2 corrosion, but C3A produced more lumpy and flocculent phases after corrosion than C4AF corrosion. The relative crystallinity of C3AH6 decreases and the relative crystallinity of aragonite increases in the later stage of corrosion reaction, and the quantitative analysis results show that the content of CaCO3 in C4AF is higher than that of C3A, and the molar formation rate of CaCO3 in C4AF is 28.36 mol/d and that of C3A sample is only 4.23 mol/d after 1 day of corrosion reaction. With the extension of the corrosion reaction time to 28 days, the molar formation rate of corrosion products of C4AF and C3A continued to decrease, which was 1.83 mol/d and 1.48 mol/d, respectively. The coefficient of corrosion product formation α rate of C4AF was 32.62 after fitting, which was much higher than that of C3A single ore (2.74). The corrosion resistance of C3A ore in CCUS environment is stronger than that of C4AF, which not only provides theoretical guidance for the development of high performance cement materials resistant to CO2 corrosion, but also provides a basis for the application of cement in CCUS environment.

C4AF/C3A  /  CCUS  /  relative crystallinity  /  CaCO3 generation rate
周井红, 吴坷, 肖振华, 何旭晟, 杨若愚, 梅开元, 程小伟. 水泥单矿C4AF和C3A在CCUS环境中的抗腐蚀潜力. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (18) : 7575 -7582 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405680
Jing-hong ZHOU, Ke WU, Zhen-hua XIAO, Xu-sheng HE, Ruo-yu YANG, Kai-yuan MEI, Xiao-wei CHENG. Anti-corrosion Potential of Cement Single Ore C4AF and C3A in CCUS Environment[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (18) : 7575 -7582 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405680
目前碳捕集、利用与封存(carbon capture, utilization and storage,CCUS)技术是国际上“低碳战略”重点发展的技术方向,CCUS技术需要通过CO2回注井,向地层注入大量C O 2 1 - 4。为了保证回注井的井筒安全[5],目前采取硅酸盐水泥基材料将井筒与复杂的地下环境隔离[6],但是CO2作为酸性气体会严重破坏由硅酸盐水泥体系水化形成的水泥环,若水泥环完整性遭到破坏,会影响井筒安全,进而造成封存的CO2泄露,影响CCUS井有效封隔的长期目标[7-11]
G级油井水泥的主要矿物组成为硅酸三钙(C3S)、硅酸二钙(C2S)、铝酸三钙(C3A)以及铁铝酸四钙(C4AF)[12-13]。这4种主要矿物组分与水和酸性介质CO2混合时,每个阶段都会发生水化和碳化的协同反应作用[13]。迄今为止,研究人员逐渐从专注于复合相水泥被腐蚀破坏失效的过程[14-16]。到进一步分析矿物组分对水泥性能的影响[17-19],弄清楚水泥基材料中的哪种矿物成分更易被腐蚀,有针对性地开发防腐材料[19],避免漫无目的和低效的尝试。目前关于单矿组分C3S、C2S在CCUS环境中腐蚀反应产物及反应速率的研究已经较为完善[13,20]。C3S、C2S矿物水化反应之后生成碱性水化产物Ca(OH)2和水化硅酸钙凝胶(C-S-H)与CO2的碳酸化反应是造成水泥石性能衰退的主要原因[13,20 -22]。但是针对水泥单矿C3A和C4AF在CCUS环境中腐蚀产物及腐蚀速率的问题还有待深入研究[23]
尽管C4AF和C3A仅占水泥矿物组分含量的20%左右,但是快速水化的C4AF和C3A矿物对水泥的早期强度有很大贡献[24-27]。在C4AF和C3A的水化反应期间,将会释放出大量的Al离子和Fe离子,生成katoite(六水合铝酸三钙,简称C3AH6)、Al(OH)3(铝凝胶相简称AH3)和Fe(OH)3(铁凝胶相简称FeH3)等水化产物。因此,现研究水泥单矿C3A和C4AF在CCUS环境中腐蚀产物的物相变化以及腐蚀产物的生成速率,以期为开发抗CO2腐蚀的高性能水泥材料提供理论指导,为水泥在CCUS环境中的应用提供依据。
本文研究中所使用水泥单矿分别为C3A和C4AF。对水泥单矿的物理性能进行了表征,C3A和C4AF的颗粒粒径分布测试结果如表1所示,由表1可知水泥单矿C3A和C4AF粉体颗粒比表面积相近,粒径主要集中在1~100 μm范围内。
将C3A和C4AF分别与水混合并注入试管(水灰比为0.6)。将试管放入装有蒸馏水的容器中,以确保CO2对C3A和C4AF的腐蚀过程处于潮湿环境。为模拟CCUS井下环境,8 MPa CO2气体充入高温高压酸性气体反应釜中,反应釜的温度设置为90 ℃。将水泥单矿C3A和C4AF与CO2反应1、3、7、14、28 d。在反应过程中,每隔3 d向高温高压反应釜中补充CO2气体,以确保C3A和C4AF充分与CO2发生腐蚀反应。
为了研究C3A和C4AF在CCUS环境中腐蚀产物的物相与相对含量变化,采用下述分析测试方法及设备。将单矿试样按照规定的腐蚀反应龄期从反应釜中取出,置于酒精溶液中终止水化24 h,然后取出试样在60 ℃的烘箱中烘干48 h。使用玛瑙研钵将烘干后的单矿试样研磨至粉末状,待进行后续测试。测试分析的实验装置和参数如表2所示。
C4AF水泥单矿腐蚀前后反应产物的形貌如图1(a)图1(b)所示。未腐蚀的C4AF水泥单矿是单一水化7 d,C4AF在受到CO2腐蚀7 d后,有大量团絮状物相产生,并在其中包裹有大量颗粒状产物,孔隙减少,其结构更为致密。水化反应导致C4AF颗粒间孔隙减少,但由于腐蚀反应的影响,不规则球形颗粒开始向块状颗粒转变。C3A水泥单矿在腐蚀前后的微观形貌变化如图1(c)图1(d)所示。由图1可知C3A单矿的水化产物以网络状结构构成,孔隙较多,并有少量颗粒状产物分布在网络状结构之中,颗粒状结构同样存在,虽然凝胶状水化产物减少,孔隙增加,但颗粒间的结合增多。与C4AF相似的是,C3A在受到CO2腐蚀后同样产生了团絮状产物,但其分布少于C4AF腐蚀后,此外C3A腐蚀后产生了比C4AF腐蚀后更多的块状、棒状产物。
C4AF单矿在90 ℃条件下腐蚀后的物相变化如图2(a)所示。由图2(a)可知,物相以霰石为主,霰石是CaCO3的一种晶型。在腐蚀龄期1 d和3 d的试样中含有一定量的C3AH6与未水化完全的C4AF物相;在腐蚀反应早期(1~3 d)时,试样中的水化产物含量较高,随着腐蚀反应的进行(28 d)被大大消耗。
利用Jade 6.0软件扣除XRD测试结果中非晶物相背底峰,并对主要结晶产物进行分峰拟合,得到物相强度最强的3个特征峰,计算得到其积分面积,进而得到试样中物相的相对结晶度(relative crystallinity of sample,RCS),和单矿试样在养护龄期内晶体相对结晶度(relative crystallinity of phase,RCP)。结晶物相的RCSRCP计算过程如下。
$I_{\text {SUM-phase }}=\sum_{n=1}^{3} I_{n-\text { phase }}$
$I_{\mathrm{SUM}}=\sum_{n=1}^{3} I_{\mathrm{SUM}-\text { phases }}$
$R_{\mathrm{CS}}=\frac{I_{\text {SUM-phase }}}{I_{\text {SUM }}} \times 100 \%$
$R_{\mathrm{CP}}=\frac{I_{\mathrm{SUM}-\text { phase }}}{\max _{t} I_{\text {SUM-phase }}} \times 100 \%$
式中:In-phase为某一物相所对应第n个衍射峰的峰面积;ISUM-phase为某一物相衍射峰中三强峰积分面积之和;ISUM为某一试样中结晶物相衍射峰积分面积之和; m a x tISUM-phase为水化或者腐蚀产物在腐蚀龄期内物相衍射峰积分面积最大值。
C4AF单矿中物相的RCP变化如图2(b)所示。由图2(b)可知C3AH6与未水化的C4AF在1 d时RCP最高,随后降低,7 d时基本消失。CO2腐蚀生成的霰石的RCP在1 d时为54.55%,并随着腐蚀时间增加不断升高,28 d时达到最大值。对于各龄期试样的RCS图2(c)所示。由图2(c)可知腐蚀龄期大于7 d的试样中仅有霰石,故其RCS均为最大值。对比1 d与3 d的试样可知,试样中的C3AH6与未水化的C4AF分别从22.08%和38.17%降低至17.20%与29.20%,并于7 d时消失。这说明该温度下的C4AF腐蚀速率较快,在7 d时,试样中结晶的物相已经被破坏,并转化为腐蚀产物霰石。
(C3C3A腐蚀试样中物相组成如图3(a)所示。由图3(a)可知,物相主要为霰石、水化六水合铝酸三钙AH6C)与C3AH6。各物相结晶变化过程如图3(b)所示。由图3(b)可知霰石的RCP在1 d时最大,随着腐蚀的进行不断降低,霰石含量先降低后升高,在28 d时其RCP有49.26%。由于腐蚀的作用霰石晶体易被破坏,RCP不断降低,在腐蚀14~28 d升高,是由于C3AH6被大量消耗转化而成。由水化反应生成的C3AH6,在1 d时RCP为85.99%,并在7 d时达到最大值,14 d时RCP略有降低为99.05%;当腐蚀龄期达到28 d时,试样中的C3AH6晶体的RCP大大降低,为28.45%。腐蚀产物C3AH6C是由C3AH6直接生成,由于腐蚀的作用,会进一步转变为霰石,因此其RCP受到水化与腐蚀过程的协同作用。各腐蚀龄期试样中物相的变化如图3(c)所示。由图3(c)可知霰石的RCS在1~7 d时不断降低,7 d时RCS为19.83%,且该阶段C3AH6C变化较小,主要是由于C3AH6RCS升高所致,并且C3AH6的最大值在14 d时,此时C3AH6C量最少,霰石的RCS由于C3AH6C降低略有升高。当试样腐蚀龄期达到28 d时,C3AH6由于腐蚀消耗,晶体被破坏,故RCS降低,此时的C3AH6C与霰石均大幅度升高,且霰石升高最为明显,达到了44.87%,说明此时C3A试样中主要的腐蚀产物以霰石晶体为主。
C4AF腐蚀试样的DTG分析结果如图4所示。由图4可知,水化生成的C3AH6在1 d时最多为22.46%,这是由于其水化反应较快生成的,且CaCO3在1 d时的含量为28.36%。在腐蚀介质的不断作用下,C3AH6不断减少,3~7 d时减少的速率较快,随后减缓,28 d时C3AH6含量为9.04%。在C3AH6消耗的同时,CaCO3不断生成,3~7 d时增加最快,增量为15.05%。7 d后CaCO3的增加速度减缓,与C3AH6消耗速度减缓的规律相吻合,28 d时CaCO3的含量为51.24%。从参与反应的物相总钙含量(Sum-Ca)看,7 d后Sum-Ca变化减缓,仅从7 d时的55.54%增加到28 d时的60.29%。
C3A腐蚀试样的DTG分析结果如图5所示。由图5可知C3A试样经CO2腐蚀后物相分解峰主要集中在300 ℃左右,即C3AH6物相的分解。通过对比物相定量的结果可知,在腐蚀反应前期(1~3 d时),腐蚀产物变化较小分别为4.23%和4.36%,且C3AH6由54.87%增加至61.66%;这说明腐蚀前期,水化反应继续,腐蚀反应被抑制。当腐蚀龄期为7 d时,C3AH6开始减少,而CaCO3含量增加至15.76%。当腐蚀龄期为28 d时,C3AH6仍有36.29%,而此时的CaCO3含量为41.55%。由此说明,28 d时试样仍然有大量水化产物未被腐蚀,C3A在该温度下耐CO2腐蚀的性能较好。从C3A试样中参与反应Sum-Ca含量变化可知,14 d时达到最大值81.14%,28 d时有所减少,这说明C3AH6的消耗量要远大于CaCO3的生成量,结合XRD衍射结果分析可知,这是由于生成了其他物相,如C3AH6C。
为方便描述水泥单矿C4AF和C3A腐蚀产物CaCO3的生成速率与腐蚀时间的关系,用单位时间内腐蚀产物的摩尔生成率 P -表示CaCO3的生成速率。单位时间腐蚀产物摩尔生成率 P - [13]
$\bar{P}=\frac{m_{t \mathrm{CaCO}_{3}}}{M_{\mathrm{CaCO}_{3}}} \frac{1}{t}$
式(5)中:t为试样腐蚀时间; M C a C O 3为CaCO3的摩尔质量; m C a C O 3由TG的实验分析结果获得。
C4AF和C3A的腐蚀产物摩尔生成率如表3所示。由表3可知,C4AF试样在腐蚀反应1 d后CaCO3的摩尔生成率为28.36 mol/d,C3A试样仅为4.23 mol/d,说明C3A在腐蚀反应1 d后,腐蚀反应程度要比C4AF试样弱,生成CaCO3腐蚀产物的反应速率慢。随着腐蚀反应时间延长至28 d,C4AF和C3A试样的腐蚀产物摩尔生成率均持续减小,分别为1.83 mol/d 和1.48 mol/d,说明在腐蚀反应后期,C4AF和C3A试样的腐蚀反应速率均有所减缓。
表3中C4AF和C3A单矿腐蚀产物CaCO3的摩尔生成率表明,C4AF和C3A两种水泥单矿单位时间腐蚀产物摩尔生成率 P -随时间的变化关系均能较好地满足 P -α t - 1 2的关系[13,24,28]。对不同腐蚀龄期下的产物摩尔生成率 P -与时间变化关系拟合可得腐蚀产物生成速率系数α,α表示腐蚀产物生成速率的快慢。腐蚀产物摩尔生成率 P -
$\bar{P}=\alpha t^{-\frac{1}{2}}+\beta$
式(6)中:β为常数。
使用式(6),对表3中C4AF和C3A两种水泥单矿CO2腐蚀产物摩尔生成率进行拟合,拟合结果如图6表4所示。由图6表4可知,C4AF的α为32.62,远高于C3A单矿的2.74。拟合结果表明,C3A腐蚀产物生成速率最小,造成这种现象的主要原因是C3A单矿在水化反应之后生成的水化产物主要是C3AH6物相,经过XRD和TG的定量分析,发现C3AH6物相在腐蚀前后的含量变化不大,说明C3A水化产物与CO2反应能力较弱,C3A水化产物C3AH6等物相的抗CO2腐蚀能力较强[29]。综上所述,C4AF单矿CaCO3腐蚀产物的反应速率要远大于C3A试样,说明C3A试样在模拟CCUS井下环境中的抗CO2腐蚀能力较强。
通过SEM、XRD、TG-DTG等分析测试技术,对水泥单矿C4AF和C3A在CCUS井中的腐蚀过程进行了研究,针对腐蚀龄期对试样中物相组成、物相含量变化的影响规律进行了分析,并对腐蚀产物CaCO3生成速率进行了拟合分析,得到以下结论。
(1)经过腐蚀后C4AF单矿中不规则的球形颗粒开始向块状颗粒转变。C3A单矿在受到CO2腐蚀后会生成团絮状产物,但较C4AF单矿腐蚀后的分布较少,并且C3A腐蚀后产生了比C4AF腐蚀后更多的块状、棒状的腐蚀产物。
(2)C4AF单矿在腐蚀早期的物相主要是C3AH6与未水化的C4AF,腐蚀后期出现了霰石的衍射峰。C3A单矿腐蚀后的物相主要是霰石、C3AH6C和C3AH6,腐蚀龄期达到28 d时,C3AH6由于腐蚀反应导致晶体被破坏,相对结晶度降低,而C3AH6C与霰石的相对结晶度均大幅度升高,腐蚀后期C3A试样中的腐蚀产物以霰石晶体为主。
(3)TG/DTG定量分析结果表明,在90 ℃、8.0 MPa CO2的饱和水湿环境中,腐蚀相同的龄期条件下,C4AF单矿腐蚀产物CaCO3的含量高于C3A。C4AF试样在腐蚀反应1 d后CaCO3的摩尔生成率为28.36 mol/d,远大于C3A试样的4.23 mol/d,说明C3A在腐蚀反应1 d后,腐蚀反应程度要比C4AF试样弱。随着腐蚀反应时间延长至28 d,C4AF和C3A单矿的腐蚀产物摩尔生成率均持续减小,分别为1.83 mol/d 和1.48 mol/d。拟合后C4AF的腐蚀产物生成速率系数α为32.62,远高于C3A单矿的2.74,说明C3A单矿在CCUS环境中抗CO2的腐蚀能力较强。
  • 国家自然科学基金(42207206)
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2025年第25卷第18期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405680
  • 接收时间:2024-07-29
  • 首发时间:2025-12-17
  • 出版时间:2025-06-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-29
  • 修回日期:2025-03-28
基金
国家自然科学基金(42207206)
作者信息
    1 中国石油天然气股份有限公司西南油气田分公司勘探事业部, 成都 621000
    2 西南石油大学新能源与材料学院, 成都 610500
    3 西南石油大学油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室, 成都 610500

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* 程小伟(1984—),男,汉族,陕西西安人,博士,教授。研究方向:油气井固井胶凝材料。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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