Article(id=1208051026926608964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1208051024368083510, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406436, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1724688000000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-27, revisedDate=1743436800000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-01, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1765951409321, onlineDateStr=2025-12-17, pubDate=1751040000000, pubDateStr=2025-06-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765951409321, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765951409321, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765951409321, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1208051024368083510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='18', pageStart='7455', pageEnd='7883', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765951408712, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765951896766, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1208053071507198943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1208051024368083510, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1208053071507198944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1208051024368083510, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=7551, endPage=7557, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1208051027853550171, articleId=1208051026926608964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Nonlinear Ultrasonic Testing Technology for Mechanical Property Degradation of Gas PE Pipeline, columnId=1156264150696317860, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·General Industrial Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The degradation of mechanical properties of PE pipe materials caused by hot oxygen aging will inevitably reduce the service life of the pipe, which is a serious hidden danger to social and economic development and people’s life and property safety. A nonlinear ultrasonic evaluation method for thermo-oxygen aging pipes was proposed. The nonlinear ultrasonic detection signals of PE pipes were extracted by building a nonlinear ultrasonic detection system for water immersion, and a correlation model between the characteristic parameters of nonlinear ultrasonic detection and elongation at break and fracture stress was established. The nonlinear ultrasonic detection mechanism was revealed by observing the micro-structure changes of PE pipes after aging. The experimental results show that the elongation at break and profit at break of PE pipe materials decrease with the increase of the nonlinear coefficient. The surface micro-cracks, holes and folds formed after the aging of the pipe are the main reasons for the mechanical degradation of the pipe and the increase of the nonlinear ultrasonic detection coefficient. The nonlinear coefficient can be used to evaluate the mechanical degradation of the pipe caused by thermal oxygen aging.

, correspAuthors=Zhen-hua CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Dong-kun TU, Zhen-hua CHEN, Qi ZHANG, Jun-yan ZHANG, Wei CHENG, Yu-ting FANG, Meng-juan DAI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1208051031225770796, articleId=1208051026926608964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=燃气PE管道力学性能退化的智能非线性超声检测, columnId=1156264150843118502, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·一般工业技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

热氧老化造成的PE管材料力学性能退化必然会使管道的服役寿命下降,是社会经济发展和人民生命财产安全的严重隐患。提出热氧老化管材的非线性超声评价方法,通过搭建水浸非线性超声检测系统提取PE管的非线性超声检测信号,建立了非线性超声检测特征参数与断裂伸长率、断裂应力的相关性模型,通过观察PE管老化后微观组织变化揭示非线性超声检测机理。试验结果表明:PE管材料的断裂伸长率、断裂应力随非线性系数的增大而降低,管材老化后形成的表面微裂纹、孔洞、褶皱是导致管材力学退化和非线性超声检测系数增大的主要原因,非线性系数可用于评价由热氧老化导致的管道力学性能退化。

, correspAuthors=陈振华, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 陈振华(1982—),男,汉族,江西景德镇人,博士,教授。研究方向:数字化材料超声无损检测技术,模块化超声无损检测仪器开发,检测信号分析及软件开发。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=sxNig+ZU3Abuv57I5XRTPg==, magXml=HNfME+hGcT31dL3uf54ELQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=bq1IZFdn8xWn3kQBKzQi0A==, pdfFileSize=9074919, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=FeWVLIxD08gloDfC/M+gng==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=cXM+rFpnaF7i5Th05/Sv+w==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

涂东坤(1998—),男,汉族,江西宜春人,硕士研究生。研究方向:超声无损检测技术。E-mail:

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涂东坤(1998—),男,汉族,江西宜春人,硕士研究生。研究方向:超声无损检测技术。E-mail:

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涂东坤(1998—),男,汉族,江西宜春人,硕士研究生。研究方向:超声无损检测技术。E-mail:

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D 为壁厚;β 为管中纵波折射角

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燃气PE管道力学性能退化的智能非线性超声检测
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涂东坤 1, 2 , 陈振华 1, * , 张琦 3 , 章俊燕 2 , 程炜 3 , 方雨婷 3 , 戴梦娟 4
科学技术与工程 | 论文·一般工业技术 2025,25(18): 7551-7557
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·一般工业技术 2025, 25(18): 7551-7557
燃气PE管道力学性能退化的智能非线性超声检测
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涂东坤1, 2 , 陈振华1, * , 张琦3, 章俊燕2, 程炜3, 方雨婷3, 戴梦娟4
作者信息
  • 1 南昌航空大学仪器科学与光电工程学院, 南昌 330063
  • 2 江西洪都航空工业集团有限责任公司, 南昌 330000
  • 3 江西省检验检测认证总院特种设备检测研究院, 南昌 330200
  • 4 广西鑫晨特种设备检测有限公司, 南宁 530001
  • 涂东坤(1998—),男,汉族,江西宜春人,硕士研究生。研究方向:超声无损检测技术。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 陈振华(1982—),男,汉族,江西景德镇人,博士,教授。研究方向:数字化材料超声无损检测技术,模块化超声无损检测仪器开发,检测信号分析及软件开发。E-mail:
Nonlinear Ultrasonic Testing Technology for Mechanical Property Degradation of Gas PE Pipeline
Dong-kun TU1, 2 , Zhen-hua CHEN1, * , Qi ZHANG3, Jun-yan ZHANG2, Wei CHENG3, Yu-ting FANG3, Meng-juan DAI4
Affiliations
  • 1 Nanchang Hangkong University School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronic Engineering, Nanchang 330063, China
  • 2 Jiangxi Hongdu Aviation Industry Group, Nanchang 330000, China
  • 3 Jiangxi Inspection and Certification General Institute of Special Equipment Testing Research Institute, Nanchang 330200, China
  • 4 Guangxi Xinchen Special Equipment Testing Co., Ltd., Nanning 530001, China
出版时间: 2025-06-28 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406436
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热氧老化造成的PE管材料力学性能退化必然会使管道的服役寿命下降,是社会经济发展和人民生命财产安全的严重隐患。提出热氧老化管材的非线性超声评价方法,通过搭建水浸非线性超声检测系统提取PE管的非线性超声检测信号,建立了非线性超声检测特征参数与断裂伸长率、断裂应力的相关性模型,通过观察PE管老化后微观组织变化揭示非线性超声检测机理。试验结果表明:PE管材料的断裂伸长率、断裂应力随非线性系数的增大而降低,管材老化后形成的表面微裂纹、孔洞、褶皱是导致管材力学退化和非线性超声检测系数增大的主要原因,非线性系数可用于评价由热氧老化导致的管道力学性能退化。

聚乙烯管道  /  热氧老化  /  非线性超声系数  /  力学性能

The degradation of mechanical properties of PE pipe materials caused by hot oxygen aging will inevitably reduce the service life of the pipe, which is a serious hidden danger to social and economic development and people’s life and property safety. A nonlinear ultrasonic evaluation method for thermo-oxygen aging pipes was proposed. The nonlinear ultrasonic detection signals of PE pipes were extracted by building a nonlinear ultrasonic detection system for water immersion, and a correlation model between the characteristic parameters of nonlinear ultrasonic detection and elongation at break and fracture stress was established. The nonlinear ultrasonic detection mechanism was revealed by observing the micro-structure changes of PE pipes after aging. The experimental results show that the elongation at break and profit at break of PE pipe materials decrease with the increase of the nonlinear coefficient. The surface micro-cracks, holes and folds formed after the aging of the pipe are the main reasons for the mechanical degradation of the pipe and the increase of the nonlinear ultrasonic detection coefficient. The nonlinear coefficient can be used to evaluate the mechanical degradation of the pipe caused by thermal oxygen aging.

polyethylene pipe  /  thermal aging  /  nonlinear ultrasonic coefficient  /  mechanical property
涂东坤, 陈振华, 张琦, 章俊燕, 程炜, 方雨婷, 戴梦娟. 燃气PE管道力学性能退化的智能非线性超声检测. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (18) : 7551 -7557 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406436
Dong-kun TU, Zhen-hua CHEN, Qi ZHANG, Jun-yan ZHANG, Wei CHENG, Yu-ting FANG, Meng-juan DAI. Nonlinear Ultrasonic Testing Technology for Mechanical Property Degradation of Gas PE Pipeline[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (18) : 7551 -7557 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406436
聚乙烯管道具有耐腐蚀、抗冲击、连接方便、使用寿命长等优势,已成为燃气管道的必选材料之一,国内新铺设的中低压城镇燃气管道90%以上均为聚乙烯管[1-3]。由于聚乙烯材料为高分子的有机材料,在承受外力以及恶劣环境的共同作用下,管道的热氧老化过程将被加速[4-5]。加速热氧老化将导致管道力学性能的无预期下降,在服役期限内出现突发性破裂和爆炸,对经济以及人身安全造成巨大的伤害[6-7]。因此,有必要通过无损检测技术对由热氧老化引起的在役管道力学性能退化进行定期检测。
传统的Polyethylene pipe管材老化程度评价方法主要为力学性能和熔体质量流速测试法,虽能够评估热氧老化造成的力学性能退化,但无法评价在役管道状态[8-9]。无损检测方法多用于管道缺陷检测,如:微波检测、红外热成像法、X 射线检测技术和超声检测技术[10-14]。非线性超声检测技术的检测精度不受波长的影响,且相比线性超声检测对组织结构不均匀、位错堆积及微裂纹萌生更为敏感,可用于疲劳损伤、黏结强度退化、材料老化的无损检测[15]。柯力等[16]发现电缆接头硅硅橡胶非线性系数随着热老化时间的增加逐渐上升。焦静品等[17]采用非线性超声检测方法对热老化程度各异的有机玻璃试样进行检测,结果表明:非线性损伤因子随热老化时间的增大而下降。张世玮等[18]发现 PE 管材的非线性系数随着热老化时间的增大而逐渐上升。郭帅杰等[19]通过试验验证了声波法漏点定位技术在PE管中的可行性。田宝柱等[20]基于多传感融合的声发射技术检测技术实现对PE管泄露源的定位。相关研究均显示非线性超声检测特征参数与非金属材料老化程度的相关性,但基于非线性超声特征的PE管材料力学性能退化的无损评价研究还并不充分。
因此,针对提出热氧老化后 PE 管力学性能的非线性超声评价方法,现搭建专用水浸检测系统高效采集非线性超声检测信号,提取检测特征参数并建立其与PE管力学性能间的关联模型;观察不同老化程度的材料组织结构变化,揭示 PE 管老化检测的非线性超声检测机理;检测试验显示非线性超声检测特征参数与管材力学性能退化存在明显的关联性,可用于评价老化引起的力学性能退化。
采用加速老化方式获取老化程度各异的检测试样[21-22]。PE 管材型号为PE100 SDR11燃气管道,管外径 110 mm、壁厚 10 mm、长 150 mm,沿直径剖取一半制成检测试样[图1(a)]。加速热氧老化的试验装置为强制通风式热老化试验箱,温度保持 80 ℃,管材老化时间设置为 108、276、432、580、700、828、932、1 063、1 200、1 440、1 680、1 920、2 160、2 400、2 640 h。为分析各老化时间下试样的力学性能,将热老化试样切割制成长 (150±1.0) mm、端部宽 (20.0±0.2) mm的 Ⅰ 型哑铃状力学性能测试试样[23],如图1(b)所示。
拉伸试验主要参数为:拉伸速率50 mm/min、标线间距离50 mm,管材断裂伸长率L伸长率表示为
$L_{\text {伸长率 }}=\frac{L-L_{0}}{L_{0}} \times 100 \%$
式(1)中: L为断裂时标线间的长度;L0为标线的原始长度。
同时,对不同老化程度经超声检测后的试样进行金相观察,将老化时间设为0、580、1 063、1 440、1 920、2 400 h的试样切割成10 mm×18 mm×10 mm,设置激发电子电压20 kV、镜头与样品之间的距离16 mm、放大倍数100倍、观察不同老化程度试样表面组织形貌的变化。
基于超声高能发射接收仪搭建检测系统,试验采用一发一收双探头布置方式。试样和探头布置于水中,水距 H =11.5 mm、声波入射角度 α=30°、声束在 PE 管外壁入射点的间距 L=27.6 mm,如图2所示。激励信号为幅度720 V、4周期、1.25 MHz的正弦脉冲信号,经阻抗匹配后通过 1.25 MHz 低通滤波器以滤除高次谐波干扰,施加到中心频率1.25 MHz 的发射探头发射超声波入射至PE管内壁。超声波经管材内壁反射后被中心频率 2.5 MHz 的探头接收,经三通管分离成两路电信号,一路为中心频率1.25 MHz的基波信号,另一路经 1.25~2.50 MHz 带通滤波器后得到中心频率2.5 MHz二次谐波信号;二次谐波信号经前置放大器放大 20 dB 输入至接收端。超声波经 PE 管内壁反射后到达接收探头的传播时间t可表示为
$t=\frac{2 D}{C_{\mathrm{PE}} \cos \beta}+\frac{2 H}{C_{\text {水 }}}$
式(2)中:H 为水距;CPE为管内纵波声速;C为水中声速。
超声波传播受介质应力-应变非线性关系的影响增强,在材料内传播时与介质微观组织发生作用,使介质内传播的超声波信号出现了波形畸变,表现在频谱分布中出现了高次谐波成分[24],即
$\begin{aligned} u(x, t)= & A_{1} \sin (k x-\omega t)+ \\ & \frac{1}{8}\left(A_{1}^{2} k^{2} \gamma x\right) \cos [2(k x-\omega)] \end{aligned}$
$A_{2}=\frac{1}{8}\left(A_{1}^{2} k^{2} \gamma x\right)$
式中:t 为波传播时间;x 为波传播距离;c 为波速;A1为基波幅值;A2为二次谐波幅值;ω 为震动频率;k 为波数;γ为非线性系数。
非线性系数 γ定义为
$\gamma=\frac{A_{2}}{A_{1}^{2}}$
PE管材基波信号和二次谐波信号如图3所示,由式(2)可得 PE 管内壁反射波的起波时间为29.73 μs、实测基波信号处于30.12 μs附近,与理论值基本一致[图3(a)];谐波信号位于31.18 μs、幅度为0.07 V[图3(b)]。图3(c)显示检测信号的幅频分布分析,基波峰值频率和二次谐波峰值频率位置分别为1.22、2.44 MHz,二次谐波峰值频率约为基波频率的两倍。
提取老化程度各异的PE管基波幅度、二次谐波幅度及相对非线性系数,分析这些特征参数与老化时间及力学性能的关联。从图4可知:基波幅度、二次谐波幅度均随老化时间的增大而减小;老化时间2 640 h管道的基波幅值的平方下降85%、二次谐波仅下降了69%,因此非线性系数实际是随老化时间增大的[图4(b)]。如仅考虑材料的声学衰减,则二次谐波的衰减速率因频率较高而更大。然而,由材料组织结构变化滋生了新的二次谐波成分导
致其声衰减程度降低。因此,尽管 PE管材的基波幅值与二次谐波幅度均随着老化时间的增加而下降,但非线性系数却随老化时间的增大而增大[图4(b)]。
选取老化时间为:0 h(未老化)、264、576、816、1 056、1 680、1 920、2 160、2 400、2 640 h共10个试样。由于随着热老化时间的增加,聚乙烯管道发生了热降解反应,使得材料的塑性降低;即:断裂应力和断裂伸长率随着热老化时间的增加而减小[图5(a)]。因此,可建立断裂伸长率、断裂应力与非线性系数的关系,即:聚乙烯管试样的断裂伸长率和断裂应力均随着非线性系数的增大而减小,如图5(b)所示。
为了建立表征模型,对断裂伸长率以及断裂应力进行归一化处理如下,归一化特征Y1
$Y_{1}=\frac{Y}{Y_{\max }}$
式(6)中: Y为断裂应力或断裂伸长率;Ymax为断裂应力或断裂伸长率的最大值。
采用三次多项式对归一化后的数据进行数学拟合,即
$L_{\text {伸长率 }}=4+63 \gamma^{\prime}+478 \gamma^{\prime 2}+1190 \gamma^{\prime 3}$
$F_{\text {断裂 }}=4-61 \gamma^{\prime}+470 \beta^{2}-1241 \gamma^{\prime 3}$
式中: L  为归一化后的断裂伸长率;F断裂为归一化后的断裂应力;γ'为相对非线性系数。
图6(a)显示断裂伸长率随非线性系数的变化,非线性系数在0.15~0.16范围内的断裂伸长率出现突变,式(7)三次多项式拟合线在该区间与实测值存在较大误差,该区间的平均相对误差12.4%、全范围拟合优度只有0.86;图6(b)显示断裂应力随非线性系数的变化,非线性系数在0.15~0.16范围内的断裂伸长率出现突变,式(8)三次多项式拟合线在该区间与实测值存在较大误差,该区间的平均相对误差2.1%、全范围拟合优度为0.96。由此可知,通过非线性系数能够更加准确的预测断裂应力。
在热氧老化过程中聚乙烯分子链发生断裂降解两种反应,分子链上的基团因热氧作用裂解成大分子自由基,大分子自由基在氧的环境中发生氧化反应形成过氧化物以及氢过氧化物,其中氢化物可破坏分子链进而产生小分子并进行无规律重排[25-26]。宏观表现为随着老化时间的增加,试样表面出现的孔洞、裂纹、皱褶凸起逐渐增多,进而导致PE管塑性降低。图7的金相结果显示:PE管试样经热老化后,表面开始出现无规则的孔洞、裂纹,且材料内部发生的填料析出导致试样表面出现大范围的褶皱凸起。由于超声波在经过试样内部的无规则孔洞与裂纹时发生散射衰减,导致接收到的反射回波幅值下降;同时,孔洞和裂纹会进一步加剧材料的非线性响应、滋生新的二次谐波信号,使得尽管基波和非线性谐波均衰减,超声非线性系数上升。 因此,非线性超声检测系数随 PE 管老化形成的孔洞、裂纹、褶皱的增多而增大,而断裂应力和断裂伸长率均随材料组织缺陷的增多而降低;即:非线性超声检测系数随断裂应力和断裂伸长率的降低而增大,可用于评估材料力学性能。
提出了能够高效提取PE管老化程度非线性超声检测信号的非线性超声检测方法,建立断裂应力的非线性超声系数三次多项式表征模型、模型拟合优度可达0.96,该模型能够用于评价PE管因热氧老化引起的断裂应。检测机理研究显示:PE管内部的孔洞、裂纹、褶皱随热氧老化时间的增大而增大,导致材料塑性逐渐下降;而超声波在其中传播的非线性响应逐渐增大,进一步证明了非线性超声检测技术可用于由热氧老化引起的PE管力学性能退化程度的评估。
  • 国家市场监督管理总局科技计划(2022MK065)
  • 江西省检验检测认证总院科研项目(ZYK202203)
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2025年第25卷第18期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406436
  • 接收时间:2024-08-27
  • 首发时间:2025-12-17
  • 出版时间:2025-06-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-27
  • 修回日期:2025-04-01
基金
国家市场监督管理总局科技计划(2022MK065)
江西省检验检测认证总院科研项目(ZYK202203)
作者信息
    1 南昌航空大学仪器科学与光电工程学院, 南昌 330063
    2 江西洪都航空工业集团有限责任公司, 南昌 330000
    3 江西省检验检测认证总院特种设备检测研究院, 南昌 330200
    4 广西鑫晨特种设备检测有限公司, 南宁 530001

通讯作者:

* 陈振华(1982—),男,汉族,江西景德镇人,博士,教授。研究方向:数字化材料超声无损检测技术,模块化超声无损检测仪器开发,检测信号分析及软件开发。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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genus
种数
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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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