Article(id=1208051026876273230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1208051024368083510, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404725, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1719158400000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-24, revisedDate=1742313600000, revisedDateStr=2025-03-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1765951409309, onlineDateStr=2025-12-17, pubDate=1751040000000, pubDateStr=2025-06-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765951409309, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765951409309, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765951409309, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1208051024368083510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='18', pageStart='7455', pageEnd='7883', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765951408712, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765951896766, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1208053071507198943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1208051024368083510, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1208053071507198944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1208051024368083510, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=7493, endPage=7501, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1208051027576722011, articleId=1208051026876273230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Classification of Intertidal Mangrove Intertidal Flats in Guangxi Coastal Zone Based on GEE, columnId=1156262729351549255, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Astronomy and Geosciences, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Accurately and in real-time understanding the changes in the scope and species communities of intertidal wetlands is an important foundation for achieving sustainable development and management of wetland intertidal zones. In recent years, global warming, rising sea levels, and human activities such as coastal development, reclamation, and aquaculture have caused serious damage to the intertidal zone. At present, there is a lack of systematic research on the classification of mangrove tidal flats in the intertidal zone of Guangxi. In order to achieve large-scale and high-precision extraction of intertidal resources in Guangxi, this article was based on GEE (Google Earth Engine) platform, using Landsat series image data of Guangxi coastal zone from 2012 to 2022, and threshold segmentation processing of the images. The various remote sensing features under the influence of tidal dynamic inundation were analyzed, and the intertidal zone range of coastal wetlands in Guangxi was extracted. Achieved the classification of tidal flats and water bodies, mangrove vegetation, and non-mangrove vegetation in the study area, with areas of 5 641.67 hm2, 1 625.29 hm2, and 2 156.04 hm2 respectively. The overall classification accuracy reached 93.3%, with a Kappa coefficient of 0.9.

, correspAuthors=Ning LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Wen-zheng LEI, Tian-yu LUO, Xi GUO, Shu-xian LI, Ning LI, Er-tao GAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1208051042768490832, articleId=1208051026876273230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=基于GEE的广西海岸带潮间带红树林潮滩分类, columnId=1156262730077163858, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·天文学、地球科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

准确、实时掌握潮间带湿地范围变化情况与物种群落变化是实现湿地潮间带可持续发展与管理的重要基础工作。近年来,全球气候变暖、海平面上升以及人类对海岸带的开发、围垦、水产养殖等因素,导致潮间带受到严重的破坏。目前尚缺乏对广西地区潮间带红树林潮滩分类的系统性研究,为实现广西潮间带资源的大范围、高精度提取,基于GEE(Google Earth Engine)云平台,利用2012—2022年广西海岸带的Landsat系列影像数据,并对影像进行阈值分割处理,分析潮汐动态淹没影响下的各遥感特征,提取了广西海滨湿地潮间带范围,并实现了研究区域滩涂及水体、红树植被、非红树植被的分类,面积分别为5 641.67、1 625.29、2 156.04 hm2。分类总体精度达93.3%,Kappa系数0.9。

, correspAuthors=李宁, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 李宁(1985—),女,汉族,广西河池人,博士,副教授。研究方向:生态遥感、环境遥感。E-mail:
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雷文正(1998—),男,汉族,四川成都人,硕士研究生。研究方向:海岸带湿地遥感。E-mail:

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雷文正(1998—),男,汉族,四川成都人,硕士研究生。研究方向:海岸带湿地遥感。E-mail:

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雷文正(1998—),男,汉族,四川成都人,硕士研究生。研究方向:海岸带湿地遥感。E-mail:

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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208085595222544837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051026876273230, language=CN, label=图9, caption=潮间带湿地分类结果, figureFileSmall=XgKJpY7945+Y3dDyKt4UGA==, figureFileBig=kdkwzc8miFK7kjmr+i71Tw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208085595386122703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051026876273230, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Landsat 4-5TM band parameter information

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波段 波谱 波长
范围/μm
分辨
率/m
描述
B1 Blue 0.45~0.52 30 水体、浅水水下特征
B2 Green 0.52~0.60 30 健康植被绿色反射率、区分植被类型
B3 Red 0.63~0.69 30 植物分类,区分人造地物类型
B4 Near IR 0.76~0.90 30 区分植被类型、绘制水体边界
B5 SW IR 1.55~1.75 30 探测植物含水量及土壤湿度
B6 IW IR 10.40~12.50 120 热分布制图,岩石识别
B7 SW IR 2.08~2.35 30 探测高温识别源,检测森林火灾
), ArticleFig(id=1208085595545506268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051026876273230, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

Landsat 4-5TM波段参数信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
波段 波谱 波长
范围/μm
分辨
率/m
描述
B1 Blue 0.45~0.52 30 水体、浅水水下特征
B2 Green 0.52~0.60 30 健康植被绿色反射率、区分植被类型
B3 Red 0.63~0.69 30 植物分类,区分人造地物类型
B4 Near IR 0.76~0.90 30 区分植被类型、绘制水体边界
B5 SW IR 1.55~1.75 30 探测植物含水量及土壤湿度
B6 IW IR 10.40~12.50 120 热分布制图,岩石识别
B7 SW IR 2.08~2.35 30 探测高温识别源,检测森林火灾
), ArticleFig(id=1208085595650363876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051026876273230, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of classification results

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类别 潮间带 总计
潮间带 47 47
非水体 3 3
总计 50 50
), ArticleFig(id=1208085595826524657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051026876273230, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

分类结果对比

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类别 潮间带 总计
潮间带 47 47
非水体 3 3
总计 50 50
), ArticleFig(id=1208085595927187966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051026876273230, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Confusion matrix

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类别 滩涂及水体 红树植被 非红树植被 总计
滩涂及水体 43 1 0 44
红树植被 1 47 0 48
非红树植被 6 2 50 58
总计 50 50 50 150
), ArticleFig(id=1208085596061405701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051026876273230, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

混淆矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别 滩涂及水体 红树植被 非红树植被 总计
滩涂及水体 43 1 0 44
红树植被 1 47 0 48
非红树植被 6 2 50 58
总计 50 50 50 150
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基于GEE的广西海岸带潮间带红树林潮滩分类
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雷文正 1 , 罗天宇 1 , 郭希 1 , 李淑娴 1 , 李宁 2, * , 高二涛 1
科学技术与工程 | 论文·天文学、地球科学 2025,25(18): 7493-7501
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·天文学、地球科学 2025, 25(18): 7493-7501
基于GEE的广西海岸带潮间带红树林潮滩分类
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雷文正1 , 罗天宇1, 郭希1, 李淑娴1, 李宁2, * , 高二涛1
作者信息
  • 1 桂林理工大学测绘地理信息学院, 桂林 541006
  • 2 桂林航天工业学院, 桂林 541004
  • 雷文正(1998—),男,汉族,四川成都人,硕士研究生。研究方向:海岸带湿地遥感。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 李宁(1985—),女,汉族,广西河池人,博士,副教授。研究方向:生态遥感、环境遥感。E-mail:
Classification of Intertidal Mangrove Intertidal Flats in Guangxi Coastal Zone Based on GEE
Wen-zheng LEI1 , Tian-yu LUO1, Xi GUO1, Shu-xian LI1, Ning LI2, * , Er-tao GAO1
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China
  • 2 Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin 541004, China
出版时间: 2025-06-28 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404725
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准确、实时掌握潮间带湿地范围变化情况与物种群落变化是实现湿地潮间带可持续发展与管理的重要基础工作。近年来,全球气候变暖、海平面上升以及人类对海岸带的开发、围垦、水产养殖等因素,导致潮间带受到严重的破坏。目前尚缺乏对广西地区潮间带红树林潮滩分类的系统性研究,为实现广西潮间带资源的大范围、高精度提取,基于GEE(Google Earth Engine)云平台,利用2012—2022年广西海岸带的Landsat系列影像数据,并对影像进行阈值分割处理,分析潮汐动态淹没影响下的各遥感特征,提取了广西海滨湿地潮间带范围,并实现了研究区域滩涂及水体、红树植被、非红树植被的分类,面积分别为5 641.67、1 625.29、2 156.04 hm2。分类总体精度达93.3%,Kappa系数0.9。

潮间带湿地  /  GEE(Google Earth Engine)  /  最大光谱指数合成算法(MSIC)  /  最大类间方差法(OTSU)  /  时序遥感

Accurately and in real-time understanding the changes in the scope and species communities of intertidal wetlands is an important foundation for achieving sustainable development and management of wetland intertidal zones. In recent years, global warming, rising sea levels, and human activities such as coastal development, reclamation, and aquaculture have caused serious damage to the intertidal zone. At present, there is a lack of systematic research on the classification of mangrove tidal flats in the intertidal zone of Guangxi. In order to achieve large-scale and high-precision extraction of intertidal resources in Guangxi, this article was based on GEE (Google Earth Engine) platform, using Landsat series image data of Guangxi coastal zone from 2012 to 2022, and threshold segmentation processing of the images. The various remote sensing features under the influence of tidal dynamic inundation were analyzed, and the intertidal zone range of coastal wetlands in Guangxi was extracted. Achieved the classification of tidal flats and water bodies, mangrove vegetation, and non-mangrove vegetation in the study area, with areas of 5 641.67 hm2, 1 625.29 hm2, and 2 156.04 hm2 respectively. The overall classification accuracy reached 93.3%, with a Kappa coefficient of 0.9.

intertidal wetland  /  GEE (Google Earth Engine)  /  MSIC (maximum spectral index composite)  /  maximum inter class variance method  /  time series remote sensing
雷文正, 罗天宇, 郭希, 李淑娴, 李宁, 高二涛. 基于GEE的广西海岸带潮间带红树林潮滩分类. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (18) : 7493 -7501 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404725
Wen-zheng LEI, Tian-yu LUO, Xi GUO, Shu-xian LI, Ning LI, Er-tao GAO. Classification of Intertidal Mangrove Intertidal Flats in Guangxi Coastal Zone Based on GEE[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (18) : 7493 -7501 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404725
潮间带指最高潮位与最低潮位间的海陆交互区域,存在海陆双重特性,具有独特的地形、水文特征、生态系统和丰富的自然资源,在调节气候、维护海岸线稳定、降低全球温室效应、促进碳汇等方面发挥着重要的作用[1]。近年来,随着全球气候变暖、海平面上升以及人类对海岸带的开发、围垦、水产养殖等因素,导致潮间带面积迅速缩减、受到严重的破坏[2]。据统计,全球潮间带总面积在1984—2016年间损失了约16.02%,损失面积超过20 000 km2。此外,潮间带的植被群落特征和植物种群结构直观反映了其所在海滨湿地的海岸带特性[3]。红树林是一种独特的海岸潮间带植物群落,广西海岸带位于中国海岸带的西南端,其红树林总面积达9 330.34 hm2,占全国总面积的32.7%,是中国重要的红树林保护地区[4]。因此,准确掌握广西潮间带变化因素,探究湿地潮间带分布特征和性质,对海岸带地区的开发、保护和利用具有重要意义,也有利于对广西分布广泛的红树林保护区的实时、高效管理与监测提供科学依据。
早期研究手段多利用大量传感设备对潮间带进行长期勘察和抽样分析,但受限于潮汐影响,潮间带变化快、范围广,难以在长时间序列上进行大范围的深入研究[5]。随着遥感影像的分辨率不断提高,获取更加方便快捷,数据信息更新更快,利用遥感技术提取海岸带潮间带已成为海滨湿地研究的重要手段[6]。例如,Chen等[7]提出了一种基于陆面水指数和归一化植被指数的滩涂面积自动估算算法对长江口滩涂面积进行估算。
传统的监督分类和非监督分类方法是获取潮间带信息的方法之一,但是耗时耗力,并且容易出现错分的现象,而多源遥感数据结合计算机强大的计算与学习能力能适用于复杂的海岸带地物分类。由于潮间带处于动态变化之中,如何准确获取低潮位和高潮位的遥感影像是提取潮间带湿地信息的关键所在。在遥感提取过程中,地物分类模型的选择也将直接影响着实验结果精度。韩倩倩等[8]结合遥感与地理信息系统方法,利用1995年和2015年覆盖中国滨海的156景LandsatTM/OLI卫星影像,反演了中国滨海潮间带的时空分布,分析了中国潮间带变化的时空特征和潮间带变化的驱动力因素。陈玮彤等[9]利用遥感技术结合改进的水边线方法提取了多时相的海岸线和平均大潮低潮线,研究了江苏省海岸带潮间带的时空演变特征。
近年来,随着谷歌地球云平台(Google Earth Engine, GEE)的开发和使用,遥感云计算及分析能力得到了很大的提高,大量可靠的数据与高效的云处理模式极大降低了数据处理与分析成本,为研究地球科学问题提供了一种有效的途径[10-12]。例如,程丽娜等[13]基于GEE平台使用Sentinel-2影像分析不同潮间带湿地的遥感特征,基于最大光谱指数合成算法(maximum spectral index composite, MSIC)和最大类间方差法(Otsu’s maximum between-class variance method, OTSU)建立多层自动决策树分类模型,对福建漳江口红树林自然保护区的潮间带湿地进行分类。智超等[14]基于GEE云平台,开发了一种基于时序遥感指数的潮间带湿地分类算法,并以福建省亚热带海岸带为例,利用2017—2019年Landsat 8时序影像数据,完成潮间带湿地信息的提取。陈慧欣等[15]基于GEE平台,利用Landsat8 时序影像数据,构建基于融合数字高程模型数据的决策树算法,更为精确地提取了舟山群岛海岸的潮间带范围。然而,目前尚缺乏基于Landsat和GEE云平台对广西地区潮间带湿地的自动分类研究。
综上,现利用GEE云平台和Landsat系列影像数据,构建一种快速、稳定、准确的潮间带自动提取算法,实现广西南部潮间带资源的大范围、高准度提取,并结合广西海岸带地理特征,提出一种基于时序遥感指数的潮间带湿地分类算法,完成对广西南部潮间带资源的监测及全面解析,探究自然保护区内的景观格局变化,分析红树林及非红树植被的面积和分布变化规律。以期为潮间带资源的监测提供技术支持,为地方政府在海岸带生态保护和资源管理决策提供数据支持和理论依据,帮助制定红树林保护和管理政策,促进可持续发展,并推动生态学与遥感技术的结合。红树林潮滩的健康状况直接影响到当地的生态旅游业和渔业资源,研究结果有助于提升这些行业的可持续性。
研究区位于中国广西壮族自治区南部的海岸带地区。广西大陆海岸线长约1 595 km,西起东兴市中越交界的北仑河口,东至粤桂交界处的洗米河口,分属防城港市、钦州市和北海市管辖。汇入广西海岸带的河流众多,有北仑河、防城河、茅岭江、钦江等。大量的河流携带泥沙等物质从陆域流至大海,是潮滩形成的重要物质基础。本文研究将红树林分类提取分为4个区域,分别是广西防城港北仑河口红树林自然保护区、茅尾海红树林自然保护区、山口红树林国家级自然保护区和北海滨海国家湿地公园,如图1所示。
实验选取覆盖广西沿岸地区2012年1月至2022年12月的642景Landsat 4/5 TM、Landsat 7 ETM+、Landsat 8-OLI影像,影像集选自GEE平台。Landsat 4、5轨道高度705 km,轨道倾角98.2°,Landsat 4-5TM影像包含7个波段,波段参数信息如表1所示,卫星每16 d重复覆盖一次。
基于GEE遥感云平台,构建高质量、时间序列密集的光学影像集合,提取长时间序列内的时序遥感指数,结合最大光谱指数合成算法(MSIC)和最大类间方差法实现研究区潮间带的快速、自动提取。
再利用归一化差分植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI)在时间序列上的动态变化差异进行分析,对红树林与非红树植被进行分类,最终算法将湿地潮间带分类为滩涂及水体、红树林植被、非红树植被。
结合研究区的地理特征选择归一化差异水体指数(normalized difference water index, NDWI)和改进的归一化差异水体指数(modified normalized difference water index, mNDWI)两种光谱指数进行计算,两者都对水体具有较好的敏感性,适用于水体的监测和提取。在湿地潮间带的遥感提取过程中,相比于NDWI指数,mNDWI指数增强了养殖塘、堤坝等人工岸线与水体的差异,因而分类结果精度更优。而广西南部港湾地区的潮滩附近都有许多的养殖塘,为抑制岸边人类生产活动建设对湿地潮滩提取的影响,采用mNDWI进行水体的提取,结果如图2所示。
GEE遥感云平台中,ImageCollection类提供了qualityMosaic方法,即质量波段融合方法。通过MSIC方法进行影像融合,MSIC算法通过指定一遥感光谱指数,将多景影像中对应同一地表分辨单元的像元按遥感指数的大小进行排序,选取光谱指数最大的像元作为最终融合结果。指定mNDWI作为指定遥感指数,获取最大mNDWI融合结果如图3(a)所示;然后利用Otsu算法进行阈值分割,根据影像的遥感指数特征,将研究区分类为水体与非水体两类,选择使其类间方差最大、类内方差最小的指数阈值作为分割标志将图像进行二分类,提取水体区域作为高潮水位的掩膜图像[图3(b)]。
非水体像素端元由植被和滩涂组成,而归一化差分植被指数NDVI获取低潮影像可以明显增强水体、潮滩与植被这三者之间的特征差异,一定程度上可以避免因潮汐变化的不确定性带来的干扰。因此,基于GEE遥感云平台与提取的高质量、时间序列密集的光学影像集合,利用MSIC算法进行图像融合,创建NDVI最大光谱指数合成影像如图3(c)所示,通过提取植被、滩涂裸露面积最大区域,增强水体与非水体的类间差异并去除潮汐周期性淹没对湿地潮间带提取的影响,最大程度分离永久性水体以提取低潮时期潮位情况,如图3(d)所示。
非水体像元中同时含有植被与湿润的光滩,并无大量可靠数据表明湿润的潮滩与水体间存在明显NDVI差异。本文研究中运用高质量高密度的时间序列影像集,通过提取mNDWI与NDWI指数,使用OTSU方法进行阈值分割,将每一景单时相影像进行阈值提取,并进行像元二分类。提取得到时间序列水体提取结果集,运用该结果减弱潮位变化、单幅影像质量、植被物候等影响因素对潮间带范围提取的影响,分别统计每个地表单元,对应像元被分类为水体的频率,探究湿地潮间带在长时间序列上的动态变化,计算方法为
$F_{\mathrm{W}}=\frac{N_{\mathrm{W}}}{N_{\mathrm{good}}}$
式(1)中:FW为水体分类频率,值域为[0,1];NW为像素被分类为水体的次数;Ngood为其对应的有效观测次数。
运用GEE遥感云平台的直方图统计功能,统计FW的频率分布直方图。经过目视判别解译,本文研究中选取了部分潮间带样本进行分类阈值的选取,将FW<0.85作为低潮岸线的提取阈值,依据时间序列内潮间带水体像元的分类频率特征,提取低潮掩膜,结果如图4所示。
通过MSIC融合算法及OTSU阈值分割提取,获取了研究区域内最大水体范围作为高潮时期水体掩膜;并通过时间序列内像元分类频率特征提取了低潮时期水体范围。运用矢量布尔运算,对两水体区域进行掩膜以获取潮间带范围的遥感提取结果,最终湿地潮间带提取结果如图5所示。
基于遥感方法的潮间带地物分类暂无明确的分类结果标准,前人多针对单类地物进行遥感提取或针对潮间带植被的特定特征进行分类。本文研究在分类红树林和非红树植被时,着眼于两种植被类型的物候变化特征,利用其NDVI在时间序列上的动态变化差异进行分析。红树植被为常绿木本植物,所在地表单元的植被指数特征稳定,能够在长时间序列内保持较高NDVI,且红树林与湿地潮间带的光滩具有明显差异;以互花米草为例,非红树植被的NDVI曲线存在明显季节性变化。运用GEE遥感云平台中qualityMosaic函数,基于MSIC算法,选择NDVI作为质量波段,提取全年最大NDVI合成影像,通过OTSU方法进行阈值分割,将光滩与植被作为前景与背景进行划分,提取出植被像素,结果如图6所示。
为突出红树林与非红树植被在时间序列上表现出的NDVI差异,构建负NDVI指数,并进行MSIC融合,获取红树林与非红树植被全年NDVI值最低的像素,结果如图7所示;在被分类为植被的研究区域内,负NDVI合成影像能够较好地反映两种植被的差异。
运用式NDVImax-NDVImin计算多时相融合后研究区内的植被差异增强影像(图8)。结合小斑块提取结果,处理在时间序列上受潮汐影响较大的沿岸淹没植被。运用最大类间距方法进行阈值分割,分离NDVI差异值较大的区域作为前景(即非红树植被),全年NDVI差异值较小的区域作为背景(即红树林),实现对湿地潮间带影像的进一步分类,将植被区域分类为红树林与非红树植被两类,最终获得研究区遥感提取和分类结果,将湿地潮间带分类为滩涂及水体、红树林、非红树植被。
广西沿岸湿地潮间带面积较大,在最低潮时期,近岸区域大部分为裸露的潮滩,只有离散的永久性水体及人工养殖区域有水体分布。沿岸区域红树林分布广泛,潮滩与红树植被交界区域夹杂有大量非红树植被分布。同时,在低潮时期,潮间带区域存在大量具有明显几何特征的人工植被和水池分布。本文研究基于GEE提供的高分辨率光学影像,在潮间带范围内结合经过处理的多时相高分辨率GF-2光学卫星影像产品随机生成50个验证样点对遥感提取得到的分类结果进行验证,使验证样点均匀分布在研究区潮间带范围内(表2),结果显示总体分类精度为94%。表明本文方案提取的湿地潮间带范围与抽样验证集合具有良好的一致性,也验证了基于MSIC-OTSU方法结合时序遥感指数对潮间带湿地遥感提取工作中的准确性与可行性。
基于Google Earth Engine提供的高分辨率光学影像,选取广西茅尾海红树林自然保护区作为典型区域采用误差矩阵法进行精度验证。结合经过处理的多时相高分辨率GF-2光学卫星影像产品获取共计150个验证样点。其中滩涂及水体50个,红树植被50个,非红树植被50个,均匀分布在研究区域内,得到的混淆矩阵如表3所示。本文结果显示总体分类精度为93.3%,Kappa系数为0.9,表明提取的湿地潮间带地物分类结果与抽样点验证集具有很好的一致性,验证了基于NDVI差异值分类红树植被与非红树植被方法在广西沿岸湿地潮间带分类工作中的准确性与可行性。
统计结果显示,研究区域内大潮高潮时期水体总面积为226 567.46 hm2,提取得到潮间带面积91 404 hm2。防城港北仑河口红树林自然保护区、茅尾海红树林自然保护区、山口红树林自然保护区及北海滨海国家湿地公园中潮间带总面积为9 423 hm2,水体及滩涂、红树植被与非红树植被的面积分别为5 641.67、1 625.29、2 156.04 hm2。如图9所示,湿地潮间带中滩涂及水体部分所占面积最大,广泛分布于红树植被、非红树植被外缘与海岸之间。潮间带红树植被分布集中,主要分布在钦南区南部,茅岭镇青草坪南部湿地潮间带、康熙岭镇长岭围-石沟村-沙井村沿岸;大番坡镇西部,北岗村西侧沿岸区域,大番坡镇南部的松飞大岭、樟木环、亚公山区域,北海金海湾红树林生态旅游区、北海银滩平滩听涛区,那潭莫屋村-永军塘-海塘村-下低山与丹兜海沿岸区域,七彩贝丘湾沿岸至贵明村东部沿岸区域。非红树植被主要分布于红树林外缘,与光滩直接相连,在研究区域全域均有分布。大面积非红树植被斑块主要集中在钦南区南部,茅岭镇青草坪东部,康熙岭镇石沟村南部,沙井镇西、南与海岸滩涂交会区域、大番坡镇西部沿海区域,下佳邦西南沿海区域、山心村南部沿岸,那潭莫屋村至下低山间红树林植被与海岸线内区域,马扒栏东部、丹兜海北岸,北海银滩平滩外潮间带处,北海珊瑚海海洋乐园-北海金海湾红树林生态旅游区其他整体沿海岸呈现条带状分布。
广西沿海植被覆盖度较高,滩涂及水体所占比例较其他亚热带海岸低,OTSU方法难以较好的将滩涂及植被归类于同一类别,实现对水体和非水体的像元二分类。同时,受研究区域地理位置与人文环境影响,广西部分海岸水域水质情况较差,水体富营养化严重,导致研究区域内水体像元的NDVI偏高。在使用NDVI进行MSIC融合,提取最大潮滩面积融合影像时易出现错分,影响潮间带提取精度。
针对广西红树林自然保护区特有的潮汐及物候特征,采用基于时序NDWI指数的湿地潮间带分类方法以降低广西多云多雨气候、潮汐动态淹没影响及植被物候变化特征对湿地潮间带范围提取过程的影响。该方案通过对高质量密集时序影像集合进行NDWI计算,利用OTSU方法进行像元二分类提取水体与非水体区域,并统计地表分辨单元在时序分类结果中被分类为水体的频率,进行低潮时期水体范围的识别和提取。在提取地类变化同时,通过设定水体频率阈值,提取永久性水体与非永久性水体,将非永久性水体作为潮汐动态淹没过程中的滩涂区域分类为低潮时期非水体范围,极大降低了部分人工地物和未去除的云像元对潮间带范围提取的干扰,同时最大程度保留了密集时间序列影像集在潮汐动态变化过程中的特征信息。
(1)基于GEE遥感云平台,构建高质量、时间序列密集的Landsat光学影像集合,深入分析潮间带湿地的时间序列变化特征,选取适合的光谱指数,利用MSIC-OTSU结合算法和一种基于时序遥感指数分类频率的潮间带提取方法识别水体和植被、滩涂并利用水体识别频率实现了广西沿岸湿地潮间带的快速自动分类。
(2)研究区域内大潮高潮时期水体总面积为226 567.46 hm2,提取得到潮间带面积91 404 hm2。北仑河口红树林自然保护区、茅尾海红树林自然保护区、山口红树林自然保护区及北海滨海国家湿地公园中潮间带总面积为9 423 hm2,滩涂及水体、红树植被与非红树植被的面积分别为5 641.67、1 625.29、2 156.04 hm2,总体分类精度为93.3%,Kappa系数为0.9。
  • 广西自然科学基金(2023GXNSFBA026288)
  • 广西自然科学基金(2024GXNSFBA010172)
  • 广西自然科学基金(2025GXNSFAA069642)
  • 广西中青年教师基础能力提升项目(2023KY0265)
  • 国家自然科学基金(42104040)
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2025年第25卷第18期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404725
  • 接收时间:2024-06-24
  • 首发时间:2025-12-17
  • 出版时间:2025-06-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-24
  • 修回日期:2025-03-19
基金
广西自然科学基金(2023GXNSFBA026288)
广西自然科学基金(2024GXNSFBA010172)
广西自然科学基金(2025GXNSFAA069642)
广西中青年教师基础能力提升项目(2023KY0265)
国家自然科学基金(42104040)
作者信息
    1 桂林理工大学测绘地理信息学院, 桂林 541006
    2 桂林航天工业学院, 桂林 541004

通讯作者:

* 李宁(1985—),女,汉族,广西河池人,博士,副教授。研究方向:生态遥感、环境遥感。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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种数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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