Article(id=1208051026570089028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1208051024368083510, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406176, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1723910400000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-18, revisedDate=1743436800000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-01, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1765951409236, onlineDateStr=2025-12-17, pubDate=1751040000000, pubDateStr=2025-06-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765951409236, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765951409236, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765951409236, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1208051024368083510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='18', pageStart='7455', pageEnd='7883', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765951408712, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765951896766, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1208053071507198943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1208051024368083510, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1208053071507198944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1208051024368083510, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=7762, endPage=7769, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1208051027694162525, articleId=1208051026570089028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Horizontal Displacement of Ring-wing Single Pile Foundation under Horizontal Cyclic Load, columnId=1156262729917780302, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Architectural Science, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to study the development law of pile top cumulative displacement of ring wing single pile foundation under horizontal cyclic load, a three-dimensional numerical model of the interaction between ring wing single pile and saturated clay was established through secondary development using ABAQUS, and also simulated the process of soil stiffness attenuation. Numerical results indicate that installing gravity type ring wings at the mud surface position of traditional single pile foundations can enhance the overall horizontal resistance of the ring wing single pile foundation, thereby reducing the cumulative displacement of the ring wing single pile under cyclic loads. The displacement of the pile top will decrease with the increase of the height and diameter of the gravity type ring wing, but increasing the diameter of the gravity type ring wing has a more significant effect on reducing the horizontal displacement of the pile top. Increasing the depth of the pile into the soil can significantly reduce the cumulative displacement at the top of a single circular wing pile under cyclic loading.

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为研究水平循环荷载下环翼单桩基础的桩顶累积位移发展规律,通过ABAQUS进行二次开发建立了环翼单桩-饱和黏土相互作用三维数值模型,同时实现了土体刚度衰减过程模拟。研究表明:在传统单桩基础泥面位置处安装重力式环翼,能够增强环翼单桩基础的整体水平抵抗力,从而减小循环荷载下环翼单桩的累积位移;桩顶位移均会随着重力式环翼高度及环翼直径的增加而减小,但增加重力式环翼的直径对减小桩顶水平位移具有更明显的效果;增加桩身入土深度,可以显著降低循环荷载下环翼单桩基础的桩顶累积位移。

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段伦良(1989—),男,汉族,重庆人,博士,副教授。研究方向:桩基工程。E-mail:

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段伦良(1989—),男,汉族,重庆人,博士,副教授。研究方向:桩基工程。E-mail:

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段伦良(1989—),男,汉族,重庆人,博士,副教授。研究方向:桩基工程。E-mail:

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水平循环荷载下环翼单桩基础水平累积位移
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段伦良 1 , 唐禹 1 , 伍赟昊 1 , 沈琳宏 2 , 王多银 1 ,
科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025,25(18): 7762-7769
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025, 25(18): 7762-7769
水平循环荷载下环翼单桩基础水平累积位移
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段伦良1 , 唐禹1, 伍赟昊1, 沈琳宏2, 王多银1,
作者信息
  • 1 重庆交通大学河海学院, 重庆 400074
  • 2 上海核工程研究设计院, 上海 200233
  • 段伦良(1989—),男,汉族,重庆人,博士,副教授。研究方向:桩基工程。E-mail:

Horizontal Displacement of Ring-wing Single Pile Foundation under Horizontal Cyclic Load
Lun-liang DUAN1 , Yu TANG1, Yun-hao WU1, Lin-hong SHEN2, Duo-yin WANG1, Zahid AZIZ1
Affiliations
  • 1 College of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
  • 2 Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research and Design Institute, Shanghai 200233, China
出版时间: 2025-06-28 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406176
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为研究水平循环荷载下环翼单桩基础的桩顶累积位移发展规律,通过ABAQUS进行二次开发建立了环翼单桩-饱和黏土相互作用三维数值模型,同时实现了土体刚度衰减过程模拟。研究表明:在传统单桩基础泥面位置处安装重力式环翼,能够增强环翼单桩基础的整体水平抵抗力,从而减小循环荷载下环翼单桩的累积位移;桩顶位移均会随着重力式环翼高度及环翼直径的增加而减小,但增加重力式环翼的直径对减小桩顶水平位移具有更明显的效果;增加桩身入土深度,可以显著降低循环荷载下环翼单桩基础的桩顶累积位移。

水平循环荷载  /  环翼单桩  /  刚度衰减  /  累积位移

In order to study the development law of pile top cumulative displacement of ring wing single pile foundation under horizontal cyclic load, a three-dimensional numerical model of the interaction between ring wing single pile and saturated clay was established through secondary development using ABAQUS, and also simulated the process of soil stiffness attenuation. Numerical results indicate that installing gravity type ring wings at the mud surface position of traditional single pile foundations can enhance the overall horizontal resistance of the ring wing single pile foundation, thereby reducing the cumulative displacement of the ring wing single pile under cyclic loads. The displacement of the pile top will decrease with the increase of the height and diameter of the gravity type ring wing, but increasing the diameter of the gravity type ring wing has a more significant effect on reducing the horizontal displacement of the pile top. Increasing the depth of the pile into the soil can significantly reduce the cumulative displacement at the top of a single circular wing pile under cyclic loading.

horizontal cyclic loading  /  ring wing single pile  /  rigidity decay  /  cumulative displacement
段伦良, 唐禹, 伍赟昊, 沈琳宏, 王多银. 水平循环荷载下环翼单桩基础水平累积位移. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (18) : 7762 -7769 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406176
Lun-liang DUAN, Yu TANG, Yun-hao WU, Lin-hong SHEN, Duo-yin WANG, Zahid AZIZ. Horizontal Displacement of Ring-wing Single Pile Foundation under Horizontal Cyclic Load[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (18) : 7762 -7769 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406176
目前,中外对循环荷载作用下饱和黏土的动态响应特性展开了大量研究,亦取得了突破性进展。其中,Achmus等[1]通过建立刚度衰减模型,对桩身几何形状、加载条件和砂土相对密度对循环桩性能的影响进行了参数化研究。王富强等[2]通过离心模型试验研究了水平循环荷载下饱和砂土地基风机桩基础的变形受力规律,揭示了桩周土体变形特征。刘润等[3]通过有限元分析,分析了循环荷载作用对黏土地基中桩基水平承载力的影响,发现当循环次数较小时,循环荷载幅值的影响要大于循环次数。Shao等[4]采用数值方法研究了单桩在基于修正移动硬化本构模型的软黏土中受到水平循环荷载时横向承载能力的退化过程,并验证了修正模型的有效性。Vicent等[5]通过1g(g为重力加速度)室内模型试验研究了饱和松砂土中桶形基础的累积转角和卸载刚度,并且提出了基础累积旋转经验方程。Cheng等[6-7]基于边界面理论,提出了一套能反应反向塑性流动、滞回循环演化、塑性变形累积和土体刚度退化的饱和黏土本构模型,并通过UMAT的二次开发接口,将模型编码到ABAQUS中,进而成功预测了饱和黏土中单桩在循环加载过程中的非线性迟滞响应,以及单桩弯矩和横向挠度剖面随加载周期的变化规律。李良[8]通过将饱和黏土刚度衰减模型嵌入大直径单桩基础-土系统中,研究了长期水平循环作用下软黏土中单桩基础的侧向位移发展规律。邢磊等[9]通过ABAQUS进行二次开发,建立了码头群桩-岸坡相互作用三维数值模型。通过数值结果系统分析了三峡库区在干湿循环及水平循环荷载作用下码头群桩桩顶及桩身累积侧向位移。胡安峰等[10-12]引入门槛循环应力比对不同应力水平的土体分区进行了计算,建立基于双向循环受荷的软黏土刚度衰减模型,分析竖向和水平循环荷载耦合作用下单桩基础的累积侧向位移。随后胡安峰等[12]建立了长期循环弱化下的桩-土系统刚度衰减模型,从而得到了长期循环作用下大直径单桩的p-y曲线。虽然基于先进的土体本构模型来分析大直径单桩基础的桩土相互作用水平循环响应有许多优点,但实际应用目前仍存在许多障碍,比如某些土体动态本构模型通常因涉及多种硬化规则而较为复杂,导致数值模拟过程中出现计算收敛困难、效率低下等问题,有必要采用适当简化的本构模型来描述土的循环特性。为此,Cheng等[13]基于有限元数值分析法,研究了简化黏土本构模型中不同循环荷载模式对大直径单桩横向响应的影响。此外,赖踊卿等[14]基于有限差分软件FLAC3D计算平台,建立风力机单桩的数值计算模型,探讨考虑与未考虑密实沉陷区时桩基的变形、弯矩、p-y曲线的差异,分析长期循环荷载效应对桩基承载特性的影响规律。
虽然目前关于传统单桩基础在循环荷载下工作机理的研究较为深入[15-21],但对环翼单桩基础循环荷载作用下桩顶累积位移的研究较少。此外,海上风电桩基础会经常承受风、波浪等循环荷载的影响[22-23],在设计海上风电桩基础时,必须考虑循环荷载引起的桩顶累积变形问题[24]。环翼单桩可以增加单桩的横向和竖向承载能力,并显著减小桩顶的水平位移。其次,保证桩基水平承载力的基础上,针对海上风电的大直径单桩基础,可以减小桩径,从而降低施工难度并节约施工成本[25-26]
综上所述,为了弥补这一研究空白,现利用ABAQUS软件建立了三维环翼单桩基础-土有限元模型,并在模型桩顶施加频率为1 Hz的周期性正弦形变化荷载,以此来研究长期循环荷载下环翼单桩基础循环弱化特性,然后对环翼单桩的关键参数进行进一步研究,分析了不同环翼参数以及桩身埋深对环翼单桩的桩顶累积位移的影响规律。
地基土体为均质黏土,选用Mohr-Coulomb弹塑性模型,Mohr-Coulomb模型在岩土工程领域被广泛使用,其能较好地反映土体的变形特性,土体的密度被设定为960 kg/m3,弹性模量10 MPa,泊松比0.37,内摩擦角为15.7°,黏聚力为15 kPa。
摩尔-库伦(Mohr-Coulomb)非线性模型屈服面方程可表示为
$ J-\left(\frac{c}{\tan \varphi}-\bar{p}\right) g(\theta)=0$
$ g(\theta)=\frac{\sin \varphi}{\cos \theta+\sin \theta \sin \varphi / \sqrt{3}} $
式中:J为偏应力不变量;c为土体黏聚力;φ为土体内摩擦角; p -为土体的平均应力;θ为洛德角;g(θ)为π平面上屈服曲线随洛德角变化。
在循环荷载作用下,土体会出现塑性累积变形,会导致桩-土相互作用性能退化。由于前人的研究均是针对单个应力应变滞回圈中剪切模量的割线模量进行刚度衰减的,而且也未能考虑循环累积孔压的影响。因此,本文研究基于李良[8]所提出的刚度衰减模型的计算公式进行计算,其计算公式为
$ \begin{aligned} \delta & =\frac{E_{N}}{E_{1}}=\frac{\left(q_{\mathrm{d}}-u_{N}\right) / \varepsilon_{N}}{\left(q_{\mathrm{d}}-u_{1}\right) / \varepsilon_{1}}=\frac{\varepsilon_{1}}{\varepsilon_{N}} \frac{q_{\mathrm{d}}-u_{N}}{q_{\mathrm{d}}-u_{1}} \\ & =N^{-s}\left(\frac{a+b N^{c D_{\mathrm{d}}}}{a+b}\right) \end{aligned}$
式中:N为循环次数;Dd为动偏应力水平Dd=qd/qult;qult为不排水抗剪;δ为软化指数;E1EN分别为第1次、第N次循环下的砂土割线模量;qd为动应力偏量;uN为第N次循环下动偏应力达到峰值qd时的循环累积孔压;u1为第1次循环下动偏应力达到峰值qd时的循环累积孔压;εNε1分别为第1次、第N次循环下的土体轴向塑性应变;sabc为试验常数,通过室内循环三轴试验滞回曲线获得。
此模型能够考虑饱和软黏土孔压变化对土体刚度软化的影响及循环次数N和动偏应力水平Dd对孔压的影响,同时建立了N次循环后的割线模量与第一次循环时的割线模量的关系,使计算时不需要进行迭代,大大减小了计算量,因此便于工程应用。
在建立有限元模型时,环翼单桩基础由三部分构成,分别是:材料为钢的空心钢管桩、材料为钢筋混凝土的重力式环翼,以及由高强灌浆材料制成的连接部位,后者用于将重力式环翼与空心钢管桩相连接,为了简化模型,本文研究将连接部位的高强灌浆材料视同于钢筋混凝土。鉴于这三种材料的刚度和强度均显著高于土体材料,因此在有限元分析中,环翼单桩的构成材料都被模拟为线弹性材料来进行。具体来说,钢筋混凝土的密度被设定为2 500 kg/m3,弹性模量30 GPa,泊松比0.3;钢材的密度被设定为7 850 kg/m3,弹性模量206 GPa,泊松比0.3。环翼单桩的几何模型如图1所示,空心钢管桩与重力式环翼间通过共节点的方式连接。
根据实际工程而言,环翼单桩的单桩直径D2一般为3~4 m、长度20~35 m的空心管桩组成[27];重力式环翼的尺寸较大,其直径D1一般为10~20 m[28]。因此本文有限元模型建立演示过程中的环翼单桩模型桩身及重力式环翼尺寸如下所示:桩身总长为30 m、桩径D2为3 m、壁厚e为0.06 m、入土深度H为20 m;重力式环翼高度H1为1.5 m、外径D1为12 m、内径D2为3 m。
利用ABAQUS有限元软件建立了饱和黏土中海上风电环翼单桩基础数值计算模型,环翼单桩基础与地基土模型均采用轴对称方式建模(土体模型类似于半圆柱体),并在地基土以及环翼单桩基础侧向的二分之一轴对称侧(平面垂直于Y向)添加对称边界条件,即约束其Y向自由度,以此减少计算量从而提高计算效率。为降低土体边界条件对分析区域计算精度的影响,将土体的计算域在水平方向向两侧各取10D2(D2为桩径),将土体的计算域在竖直方向取1.5H(H为桩的埋深)。计算地基土域的边界约束条件如下:地基土体顶部边界设置为自由边界;地基土体侧向非对称侧的边界设置为侧限边界,即约束其X向及Y向平动自由度;地基土体底部边界设置为固定边界,即约束其X向、Y向及Z向平动自由度。环翼单桩基础施加边界条件后的模型如图2所示。
在有限元模型中,可以通过设置接触边界条件,以模拟接触表面之间的力传递、摩擦、滑动以及可能的分离情况,因此设置接触面对于正确模拟桩-土受力特性有较大影响。在建立环翼单桩基础各部分模型并赋予材料后,需对各部分间的接触进行模拟,在ABAQUS中通过设置面-面接触的方式(surface to surface)来模拟桩-土间的相对位移和剪力传递,接触对采用面对面接触以及定义有限滑移。在建立接触对的过程中,采用主-从接触算法,选择刚度较大的桩体表面定义为主控面(网格划分时,主面的网格尺寸更大),选择刚度较小的土体表面为从属面(网格划分时,从面的网格尺寸更小)。桩-土接触面的法向行为采用硬接触,从而不允许出现从面穿透主面并允许在拉伸下的分离。桩-土接触面的切向行为采用库伦摩擦罚函数模型来定义,其界面摩擦系数选取为u=tan(0.75φ),其中φ为土体内摩擦角,以确保模型中的摩擦行为与实际相符,以此模拟桩土间的切向力传递,从而可以合理地描述摩擦和滑动。
在网格划分的单元类型选择上,地基模型和环翼单桩模型均采用8节点6面体线性缩减积分三维实体单元(C3D8R),从而避免计算过程中出现“沙漏模式”,并且相对来说C3D8R的计算效率较高。离散几何模型从而创建网格模型的流程大致如下:在网格划分前,先通过PartitionCell函数对地基和桩体的几何模型进行适当的切分操作,以满足结构化网格划分的需求,后采用偏置网格技术使得桩-土接触面附近的网格更精细,确保接触表面附近的网格足够细密,以便能够准确计算所在区域的应力分布,远离接触面的网格则较为稀疏以优化计算效率,网格模型如图3所示。
将刚度衰减模型植入到ABAQUS有限元模型后,为确保植入刚度衰减模型后的数值模型可靠并准确,本文研究进行3组模型验证,其中两组为参考文献[29]中记录的两组频率相同但荷载幅值不同的室内离心机循环加载测试试验实测数据。两组离心机试验的循环荷载幅值分别为0.3ULS和ULS/1.35。DNV标准建议在设计海上风机时采用三种设计载荷[30]:极限状态(ultimate limit state,ULS)、最差预期瞬态载荷(ULS/1.35)和疲劳极限状态(fatigue limit state,FLS),ULS对应于通过静态测试定义的极限承载力即海上风机的最大侧向阻力,FLS表示由循环载荷的累积效应引起的故障的可能性,ULS/1.35代表飓风或异常情况引起的极端循环载荷条件。离心机内循环加载试验的过程如下所示:首先,对环翼单桩模型进行静载测试,并不断施加线性增加的侧向载荷,将测试模型推到失效时的横向荷载作为极限承载力(ULS)。其次,在接下来的离心机测试中,对加载点施加10次荷载幅值相同且幅值大小为0.3ULS的横向循环载荷,并记录累积的横向位移。最后,对加载点施加10次荷载幅值相同且幅值大小为ULS/1.35的横向循环载荷,并记录测点的累积横向位移。
图4展示了在循环荷载的幅值作用下,通过采用嵌入式刚度衰减模型的有限元数值方法计算得到的横向载荷-位移曲线,并与离心机试验结果进行了对比。结果显示,采用嵌入式刚度衰减模型的有限元数值分析得到的横向载荷-位移曲线与离心机试验数据吻合得很好,表明该模型能够有效地反映真实的基础结构行为。在循环荷载的作用下,曲线清晰地描绘了饱和黏土中基础出现的刚度下降、变形累积以及显著的非线性。这种一致性验证了该模型在模拟横向响应方面的准确性,也为使用这种有限元方法来评估和设计海上风电基础的横向承载特性提供了依据。
但上述两组的离心机试验进行循环加载次数N较少,其模型验证存在一定的局限性,并不能反应长期水平荷载作用下,桩基础产生累积位移的情况,因而,本文研究进行第3组模型验证,即对循环荷载试验结果进行模型验证。
图5可知,环翼单桩基础数值模型在4 000次循环荷载作用下的桩顶位移曲线与室内模型试验结果的实测结果拟合情况较好。
综上所述,通过对3组数值模型与实测数据的对比分析,可以得出结论,环翼单桩基础数值模型在循环荷载条件下预测其受力行为较为可靠。
本次数值模拟中加载过程如下。
步骤1 平衡初始地应力。初始地应力是岸坡在自重作用下产生的,初始地应力平衡的保证本次数值模拟的正确的关键,因此本文研究采用“地应力平衡分析步”来平衡环翼单桩基础周围土体的初始地应力。
步骤2 施加水平循环荷载。通过ABAQUS提供的用户子程序DLOAD施加水平循环荷载;同时通过ABAQUS提供的用户子程序USDFLD实现本文改进的土体刚度衰减模型,以此模拟水平循环荷载作用下海上风电桩基础周围土体的刚度衰减。
为探讨循环荷载作用下单桩与环翼单桩对桩顶累积位移的影响,图6图7分别展示了嵌入深度为20 m、内径为3 m的钢管桩和加载重力式环翼的环翼单桩在频率为1 Hz、循环荷载幅值(Hmax)分别为0.1Fult1和0.3Fult1情况下,在进行4 000次循环荷载作用时的桩顶水平位移对比。
研究表明,在附加重力式环翼时,相较于传统单桩,4 000次循环荷载作用下桩顶累积侧向位移分别降低了5%和15.6%,可以看出在水平循环荷载幅值更大时,附加环翼降低侧向累积位移的效果更好。同时,环翼单桩基础在第N次循环荷载作用下的其水平位移除以第1次循环荷载作用下的水平位移明显大于传统单桩基础,特别在荷载幅值为0.1Fult1时十分明显,这是由于环翼单桩与土体的接触面积更大,其相较于传统单桩对桩周土体造成的扰动范围更广,导致一次循环荷载作用下的土体变形累积更多。然而,在相同的循环荷载幅值下,环翼单桩的初始位移更小,导致产生的桩顶累积位移也更小。
为研究循环荷载下环翼外径对桩顶累积位移的影响,对嵌入深度为20 m、内径为3 m、壁厚为0.06 m、环翼外径D1分别为12、14、16、18、20、22 m的数值模型施加4 000次频率为1 Hz、荷载幅值分别为0.1Fult1和0.3Fult1的循环荷载,图8图9分别为荷载幅值为0.1Fult1和0.3Fult1的循环荷载作用下桩顶水平位移对比。结果显示:在4 000次循环荷载作用下,当荷载幅值为0.1Fult1时,增加环翼外径D1使得桩顶累积位移分别减少10.8%、20.5%、33.2%、48%、56%;4 000次循环荷载作用下,当荷载幅值为0.3Fult1时,增加环翼外径D1使得桩顶累积位移分别减少10%、21%、36.1%、46.1%、54.9%。桩顶位移随着重力式环翼外径D1的增加,相同循环次数下侧向位移明显减小,累积位移更快达到稳定,说明增加重力式环翼的外径对减小桩顶水平位移具有显著效果。
为分析循环荷载下环翼高度对桩顶累积位移的影响,图10图11展示了嵌入深度为20 m、内径为3 m,环翼高度分别为0.5、0.75、1、1.25、1.5 m的环翼单桩在荷载频率为1 Hz、荷载大小分别为0.1Fult1和0.3Fult1作用下, 4 000次循环荷载作用时的桩顶累积水平位移对比。
基于数值结果,可发现在4 000次循环荷载作用下,当荷载幅值为0.1Fult1时,增加环翼高度H1使得桩顶累积位移分别减少0.9%、1.1%、1.6%、3%;在4 000次循环荷载作用下,当荷载幅值为0.3Fult1时,增加环翼高度H1使得桩顶累积位移分别减少8%、12.6%、12.6%、12.3%。桩顶位移随着重力式环翼高度的增加,相同循环次数下侧向位移会减小,但当环翼高度H1增加到一定程度时,对累积位移的减小效果变差,说明在一定程度上增加重力式环翼的高度H1可以减小桩顶累积水平位移。
为分析循环荷载下环翼单桩入土深度对桩顶累积位移的影响,图12图13展示了内径为3 m、外径为12 m,桩身埋深H分别为20、25、30、35 m的环翼单桩在频率为1 Hz、荷载大小分别为0.1Fult1和0.3Fult1情况下,在进行4 000次循环荷载作用下的桩顶累积水平位移变化过程,可以发现随着循环荷载次数的增多,桩顶累积水平位移的增长速率越来越慢。
根据图12图13可以发现,在4 000次循环荷载作用下,当荷载幅值为0.1Fult1时,相较于桩身入土深度为20 m时,增加桩身埋深H使得最终的桩顶累积位移分别减少了11.7%、13.5%、16.8%;当荷载幅值为0.3Fult1时,增加桩身埋深H使得桩顶累积位移分别减少13.7%、18.4%、20.6%。随环翼单桩入土深度的增加,相同循环次数下的桩顶累积位移明显减小。此外,随着单桩如土深度由20 m增大到25 m时,桩顶位移在水平荷载作用下的累积变形得到了显著降低,这说明增加桩身入土深度可以有效降低循环荷载作用下桩顶累积水平位移。
基于有限元软件ABAQUS建立了码头-土体相互作用三维数值模型,研究了水平循环荷载下对环翼单桩水平累积位移影响规律,得出如下结论。
(1)在循环荷载下,环翼的存在明显减少了桩顶累积位移,提高单桩承受水平循环荷载的能力,且在循环荷载幅值较大时,环翼降低累积侧向位移的效果更为明显。较于传统单桩,循环荷载幅值分别为0.1Fult1和0.3Fult1时,4 000次循环荷载下环翼单桩桩顶累积侧向位移分别降低了5%和15.6%。
(2)环翼外径D1和高度H1对单桩的循环荷载作用下桩顶累积位移影响显著,在4 000次循环荷载下,当循环荷载幅值为0.3Fult1时,D1由12 m增加到22 m最多可使桩顶累积位移减少54.9%,H1由0.5 m增加到1.5 m最多可使桩顶累积位移减少3%;当循环荷载幅值为0.1Fult1时,D1由12 m增加到22 m最多可使桩顶累积位移减少56%,H1由0.5 m增加到1.5 m最多可使桩顶累积位移减少12%。
(3)增加环翼单桩桩身入土深度H,在4 000次循环荷载下,当循环荷载幅值为0.3Fult1时,H由20 m增加到25 m最多可使桩顶累积位移减少20.6%;当循环荷载幅值为0.1Fult1时,H由20 m增加到25 m最多可使桩顶累积位移减少16.8%。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52108268)
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2025年第25卷第18期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406176
  • 接收时间:2024-08-18
  • 首发时间:2025-12-17
  • 出版时间:2025-06-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-18
  • 修回日期:2025-04-01
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国家自然科学基金(52108268)
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    1 重庆交通大学河海学院, 重庆 400074
    2 上海核工程研究设计院, 上海 200233
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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