Article(id=1207343644982480968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1207343627223802520, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406639, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1725379200000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1765782756323, onlineDateStr=2025-12-15, pubDate=1750176000000, pubDateStr=2025-06-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765782756323, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-15, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765782756323, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765782756323, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1207343627223802520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='17', pageStart='7023', pageEnd='7453', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765782752085, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765783816840, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1207348093192872694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1207343627223802520, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1207348093192872695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1207343627223802520, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=7149, endPage=7156, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1207343646513402028, articleId=1207343644982480968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Numerical Simulation of Damage Evolution of Granite under Electromagnetic Radiation, columnId=1207343632848364254, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers-Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

As the oil and gas industry continues to expand into deeper layers and the development of deep geothermal resources progresses, the hardness of reservoir rocks increases, making rock breaking more difficult and raising development costs. To address the problem of difficult rock breaking in deep granite, the mechanism of electromagnetic radiation-assisted rock breaking was investigated. This method utilizes the interaction between electromagnetic waves and reservoir rocks to induce thermal stress damage or fracturing of the rock, thereby reducing rock strength and improving breaking efficiency. Firstly, based on the mineral composition of deep granite, a heterogeneous core model with random distribution of minerals was established. Secondly, a numerical model of electrothermal-solid-damage coupling of granite damaged by electromagnetic radiation was established. Finally, the electromagnetic field, temperature field, stress and damage distribution of granite under electromagnetic radiation were calculated by sequential coupling method. Due to the selective heating property of electromagnetic waves, the electromagnetic power loss density of biotite is 2~3 orders of magnitude higher than that of quartz and feldspar, resulting in different electromagnetic heating degrees and forming local hot spots near biotite. Based on the difference of temperature and thermal expansion coefficient of different minerals, a non-uniform stress distribution is formed. Quartz and biotite are strained, while feldspar is pressured. After 3 kW electromagnetic radiation for 5 min, the damage volume of granite is 42%, and the tensile damage of quartz is the main damage. The damage of granite under electromagnetic radiation is significant, the strength of rock is reduced, and the rock breaking of deep granite is promoted.

, correspAuthors=Lan-xiao HU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Qiang PIAO, Si-hao FENG, Wan-long LIAO, Lan-xiao HU, Xin-hui XIE), CN=ArticleExt(id=1207343650380550557, articleId=1207343644982480968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=电磁辐射花岗岩损伤演化多场耦合数值模拟, columnId=1156262729603207500, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·石油、天然气工业, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

随着油气行业不断向深层拓展及深层地热资源的开发,钻遇储层岩石硬度变大、破岩难度增加、开发成本提高。针对深层花岗岩难破岩的问题,研究了电磁辐射辅助破岩机理。该方法利用电磁波与储层岩石的相互作用诱导产生热应力损伤或致裂岩石,进而降低岩石强度,提高破岩效率。首先,基于深层花岗岩的矿物组分建立矿物随机分布非均质岩心模型;其次,建立电磁辐射花岗岩损伤的电-热-固-损耦合的数值模型;最后,采用顺序耦合的方式计算电磁辐射下花岗岩的电磁场、温度场、应力及损伤分布。电磁辐射作用下花岗岩成岩矿物结果差异显著:由于电磁波的选择加热性,黑云母的电磁功率损耗密度高于石英与长石2~3个数量级,导致电磁加热程度不同,在黑云母附近形成局部热点;基于不同矿物温度与热膨胀系数的差异,形成非均匀的应力分布,石英和黑云母受拉,而长石受压;3 kW电磁辐射5 min后花岗岩损伤体积占比为42%,以石英的张性损伤为主。电磁辐射下花岗岩损伤显著,岩石强度降低,促进深层花岗岩的破岩。

, correspAuthors=胡蓝霄, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*胡蓝霄(1989—),男,汉族,陕西甘泉人,博士研究生,副教授,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:非常规油气开发。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=V0jiXQvYBb75Roh/CXxJlA==, magXml=nFxWwnMgD4BXD36iqSFTXg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=1p6KrIoqoF9eD7OK7SueSw==, pdfFileSize=10865872, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=NExMuCGHVUABqa98iwQfQw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=BnP2V76k3W2uxhh7V01ORA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

朴强(2000—),男,朝鲜族,吉林延边人,硕士研究生。研究方向:油气田开发。E-mail:

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朴强(2000—),男,朝鲜族,吉林延边人,硕士研究生。研究方向:油气田开发。E-mail:

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朴强(2000—),男,朝鲜族,吉林延边人,硕士研究生。研究方向:油气田开发。E-mail:

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Science Technology and Engineering, 2023, 23(19): 8350-8357., articleTitle=Constitutive model of granite uniaxial compression damage under microwave irradiation, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1207343661692588273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343644982480968, awardId=52104023, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(52104023), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1207343661839388929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343644982480968, awardId=2023NSFSC0945, language=CN, fundingSource=四川省自然科学基金(2023NSFSC0945), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1207343650724483529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343644982480968, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207343650812563923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343644982480968, companyId=1207343650724483529, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 College of Energy, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207343650816758229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343644982480968, companyId=1207343650724483529, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 成都理工大学能源学院, 成都 610059)]), AuthorCompany(id=1207343650971947487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343644982480968, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207343650976141793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343644982480968, companyId=1207343650971947487, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 College of Geophysics, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207343650984530402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343644982480968, companyId=1207343650971947487, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 成都理工大学地球物理学院, 成都 610059)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1207343657133380551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343644982480968, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Coupling process of multiple physical fields, figureFileSmall=paUYPPHQmvsPVluGPpsrRg==, figureFileBig=NExMuCGHVUABqa98iwQfQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207343657305347032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343644982480968, language=CN, label=图1, caption=多物理场耦合过程, figureFileSmall=paUYPPHQmvsPVluGPpsrRg==, figureFileBig=NExMuCGHVUABqa98iwQfQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207343657569588215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343644982480968, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Electromagnetic radiation model and schematic of random distribution of mineral cores[20], figureFileSmall=pf7hUlo4mNVZjMvrVDpKmA==, figureFileBig=Y+s9gmTnAVR/9ySPzkcScA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207343657720582145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343644982480968, language=CN, label=图2, caption=电磁辐射模型及矿物随机分布岩心示意图[20], figureFileSmall=pf7hUlo4mNVZjMvrVDpKmA==, figureFileBig=Y+s9gmTnAVR/9ySPzkcScA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207343657858994194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343644982480968, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Electromagnetic power loss density of the core and various minerals 5 minutes after electromagnetic radiation, figureFileSmall=/7kZ05PElBOnSjahH1a+3w==, figureFileBig=0J0SrINFvp8+PcmT3kmXeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207343657997406244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343644982480968, language=CN, label=图3, caption=电磁辐射5 min后岩心及各个矿物的电磁功率损耗密度

P为电磁功率损耗密度

, figureFileSmall=/7kZ05PElBOnSjahH1a+3w==, figureFileBig=0J0SrINFvp8+PcmT3kmXeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207343658152595509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343644982480968, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Temperature simulation results of the core and various minerals 5 min after electromagnetic radiation, figureFileSmall=/1JGQcyqhcrh6+7suQ5DXg==, figureFileBig=9r74lZll+evVEkV+Jv/syg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207343658265841726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343644982480968, language=CN, label=图4, caption=电磁辐射5 min后岩心及各个矿物的温度模拟结果, figureFileSmall=/1JGQcyqhcrh6+7suQ5DXg==, figureFileBig=9r74lZll+evVEkV+Jv/syg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207343658404253769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343644982480968, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Temperature distribution of granite cross-section and temperature of various minerals along the section line, figureFileSmall=PPbQrpL4EpSRfGTg0c2VQw==, figureFileBig=KICIdxXCs6CaCUlmHr3PaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207343658576220247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343644982480968, language=CN, label=图5, caption=花岗岩切面的温度分布及截线各矿物的温度, figureFileSmall=PPbQrpL4EpSRfGTg0c2VQw==, figureFileBig=KICIdxXCs6CaCUlmHr3PaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207343658702049378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343644982480968, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Simulation results of the first principal stress of the core and various minerals 5 min after electromagnetic radiation, figureFileSmall=qO96VdWAQho4uFIhUp08OA==, figureFileBig=qOlNfV0JhZP7QuQqMmrMig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207343658844655725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343644982480968, language=CN, label=图6, caption=电磁辐射5 min后岩心及各个矿物的第一主应力模拟结果, figureFileSmall=qO96VdWAQho4uFIhUp08OA==, figureFileBig=qOlNfV0JhZP7QuQqMmrMig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207343659012427897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343644982480968, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Simulation results of damage to the core and various minerals 5 minutes after electromagnetic radiation, figureFileSmall=ROFcR1M9eIRRW/VSygHn5Q==, figureFileBig=lLNMiRlsA32OuxC829G7/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207343659146645642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343644982480968, language=CN, label=图7, caption=电磁辐射5 min后岩心及各个矿物的损伤模拟结果, figureFileSmall=ROFcR1M9eIRRW/VSygHn5Q==, figureFileBig=lLNMiRlsA32OuxC829G7/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207343659301834904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343644982480968, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Relationship between damage volume of granite core and various minerals and heating time, figureFileSmall=pP0M/XW7L29JJ+5zC/7nCg==, figureFileBig=pmj+Arwu0FohOwD5BgA3AA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207343659511550117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343644982480968, language=CN, label=图8, caption=花岗岩岩心及各矿物的损伤体积与加热时间的关系, figureFileSmall=pP0M/XW7L29JJ+5zC/7nCg==, figureFileBig=pmj+Arwu0FohOwD5BgA3AA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207343659704488112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343644982480968, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Relationship between granite strength and temperature under electromagnetic radiation, figureFileSmall=Ndo+H4bptr7NuOQNLstT+A==, figureFileBig=AVaclowGWwr+HCayvitYRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207343659821928633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343644982480968, language=CN, label=图9, caption=电磁辐射下花岗岩强度随温度的关系, figureFileSmall=Ndo+H4bptr7NuOQNLstT+A==, figureFileBig=AVaclowGWwr+HCayvitYRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207343659968729284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343644982480968, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Simulation parameters of granite diagenetic minerals[21-24]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
属性 石英 黑云母 长石
相对介电常数 3.8-0.001j 7.48-0.46j 5.52-0.01j
比热容/[J·(kg·K)-1] 700 770 630
热膨胀系数/K-1 5.5×10-7 3×10-6 3.56×10-6
导热系数/[W·(m·K)-1] 6.5 1.95 1.46
弹性模量/GPa 96.4 33.8 87.5
泊松比 0.08 0.27 0.28
抗拉强度/MPa 25 20.5 21.9
抗压强度/MPa 147 156 187
), ArticleFig(id=1207343660262330585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343644982480968, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

花岗岩成岩矿物的模拟参数[21-24]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
属性 石英 黑云母 长石
相对介电常数 3.8-0.001j 7.48-0.46j 5.52-0.01j
比热容/[J·(kg·K)-1] 700 770 630
热膨胀系数/K-1 5.5×10-7 3×10-6 3.56×10-6
导热系数/[W·(m·K)-1] 6.5 1.95 1.46
弹性模量/GPa 96.4 33.8 87.5
泊松比 0.08 0.27 0.28
抗拉强度/MPa 25 20.5 21.9
抗压强度/MPa 147 156 187
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电磁辐射花岗岩损伤演化多场耦合数值模拟
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朴强 1 , 冯司濠 1 , 廖万龙 1 , 胡蓝霄 1, * , 解馨慧 2
科学技术与工程 | 论文·石油、天然气工业 2025,25(17): 7149-7156
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·石油、天然气工业 2025, 25(17): 7149-7156
电磁辐射花岗岩损伤演化多场耦合数值模拟
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朴强1 , 冯司濠1, 廖万龙1, 胡蓝霄1, * , 解馨慧2
作者信息
  • 1 成都理工大学能源学院, 成都 610059
  • 2 成都理工大学地球物理学院, 成都 610059
  • 朴强(2000—),男,朝鲜族,吉林延边人,硕士研究生。研究方向:油气田开发。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*胡蓝霄(1989—),男,汉族,陕西甘泉人,博士研究生,副教授,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:非常规油气开发。E-mail:
Numerical Simulation of Damage Evolution of Granite under Electromagnetic Radiation
Qiang PIAO1 , Si-hao FENG1, Wan-long LIAO1, Lan-xiao HU1, * , Xin-hui XIE2
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Energy, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
  • 2 College of Geophysics, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
出版时间: 2025-06-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406639
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随着油气行业不断向深层拓展及深层地热资源的开发,钻遇储层岩石硬度变大、破岩难度增加、开发成本提高。针对深层花岗岩难破岩的问题,研究了电磁辐射辅助破岩机理。该方法利用电磁波与储层岩石的相互作用诱导产生热应力损伤或致裂岩石,进而降低岩石强度,提高破岩效率。首先,基于深层花岗岩的矿物组分建立矿物随机分布非均质岩心模型;其次,建立电磁辐射花岗岩损伤的电-热-固-损耦合的数值模型;最后,采用顺序耦合的方式计算电磁辐射下花岗岩的电磁场、温度场、应力及损伤分布。电磁辐射作用下花岗岩成岩矿物结果差异显著:由于电磁波的选择加热性,黑云母的电磁功率损耗密度高于石英与长石2~3个数量级,导致电磁加热程度不同,在黑云母附近形成局部热点;基于不同矿物温度与热膨胀系数的差异,形成非均匀的应力分布,石英和黑云母受拉,而长石受压;3 kW电磁辐射5 min后花岗岩损伤体积占比为42%,以石英的张性损伤为主。电磁辐射下花岗岩损伤显著,岩石强度降低,促进深层花岗岩的破岩。

电磁辐射  /  热应力  /  非均质  /  花岗岩  /  损伤

As the oil and gas industry continues to expand into deeper layers and the development of deep geothermal resources progresses, the hardness of reservoir rocks increases, making rock breaking more difficult and raising development costs. To address the problem of difficult rock breaking in deep granite, the mechanism of electromagnetic radiation-assisted rock breaking was investigated. This method utilizes the interaction between electromagnetic waves and reservoir rocks to induce thermal stress damage or fracturing of the rock, thereby reducing rock strength and improving breaking efficiency. Firstly, based on the mineral composition of deep granite, a heterogeneous core model with random distribution of minerals was established. Secondly, a numerical model of electrothermal-solid-damage coupling of granite damaged by electromagnetic radiation was established. Finally, the electromagnetic field, temperature field, stress and damage distribution of granite under electromagnetic radiation were calculated by sequential coupling method. Due to the selective heating property of electromagnetic waves, the electromagnetic power loss density of biotite is 2~3 orders of magnitude higher than that of quartz and feldspar, resulting in different electromagnetic heating degrees and forming local hot spots near biotite. Based on the difference of temperature and thermal expansion coefficient of different minerals, a non-uniform stress distribution is formed. Quartz and biotite are strained, while feldspar is pressured. After 3 kW electromagnetic radiation for 5 min, the damage volume of granite is 42%, and the tensile damage of quartz is the main damage. The damage of granite under electromagnetic radiation is significant, the strength of rock is reduced, and the rock breaking of deep granite is promoted.

electromagnetic radiation  /  thermal stress  /  heterogeneous  /  granite  /  damage
朴强, 冯司濠, 廖万龙, 胡蓝霄, 解馨慧. 电磁辐射花岗岩损伤演化多场耦合数值模拟. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (17) : 7149 -7156 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406639
Qiang PIAO, Si-hao FENG, Wan-long LIAO, Lan-xiao HU, Xin-hui XIE. Numerical Simulation of Damage Evolution of Granite under Electromagnetic Radiation[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (17) : 7149 -7156 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406639
随着国民经济的发展,中国能源需求大幅攀升,能源供给压力和油气对外依存度逐年增长。为了满足日益增长的能源需求,对于深层油气资源的开发至关重要。而深层油气资源具有埋藏深、钻遇储层硬度高、开发难度大的特点[1-2]
国内外学者针对深层硬岩破碎的方法提出液氮破岩、激光照射破岩、等离子破岩、电磁辐射辅助破岩等破岩方式[3]。其中电磁辐射破岩具有高效、易控制及环保的特点[4]。电磁辐射将电能转化为热能,在交变电场下介质内的极性分子与离子通过极化运动摩擦生热[5]。由于介电性质的差异,不同矿物在电磁辐射下温度响应差异显著,形成非均匀的温度场。由于不同矿物的温度与热膨胀程度差异,在岩石内部产生热应力诱导产生损伤或破裂岩石[3,6],从而降低岩石强度[7]。电磁波的传输受储层温压条件影响较小,适用于深层岩石的辅助破岩。
实验方面,Lu等[8]发现电磁辐射下玄武岩的强度随辐射时间不断下降,这种变化是电磁波敏感矿物和热膨胀系数较大矿物受热膨胀作用的结果。戴俊等[9]对花岗岩进行电磁辐射后,发现试样表面产生裂纹,岩石强度降低。胡梦玲等[10]通过电磁辐射花岗岩实验中发现,随着电磁功率的增加,花岗岩产生明显的弹性和强度的弱化,并在单轴抗压实验中测得其抗压强度显著降低。乔兰等[11]发现电磁辐射使花岗岩热裂解,造成岩石缺失及热裂纹,加重岩石的损伤程度、降低岩石强度。
数值模拟方面,为考虑花岗岩非均质性的影响,戴俊等[12]根据花岗岩的矿物成分建立随机分布二相矿物模型,发现电磁辐射下花岗岩的高温区域主要集中在强吸波矿物及其周边的范围。Zhou等[13]基于Weibull函数对成岩矿物的岩石强度和弹性模量进行随机分布,表征花岗岩的非均质性,建立3D岩心模型,描述其产生拉伸、剪切损伤过程中的力学性质。
现首先将边长30 mm的正方体花岗岩岩心分割成8 000个矿物单元(20×20×20),将成岩矿物随机填充至矿物单元中,建立非均质岩心模型。其次,建立电-热-固-损耦合3D数值模型,模拟电磁辐射下花岗岩岩心的电磁场、温度场、应力及损伤分布,分析其损伤类型及演化规律,明确电磁辐射下花岗岩的损伤机理。
电磁辐射花岗岩损伤是一个多物理耦合的过程,包括电磁波的传播、介电加热、诱导热应力及岩石损伤等。
电磁波的传播由Maxwell方程组来定义,假设花岗岩为磁线性且各向同性,可得Helmholtz向量方程[14]
$ \nabla \times \boldsymbol{\mu}_{\mathrm{r}}^{-1}\left(\nabla \times \boldsymbol{E}_{\mathrm{e}}\right)-k_{0}^{2}\left(\varepsilon_{\mathrm{r}}-\frac{\mathrm{j} \sigma_{E}}{\omega \varepsilon_{0}}\right) \boldsymbol{E}_{\mathrm{e}}=0$
式(1)中:$ \nabla$为旋度算子;×为矢量叉乘;μr为相对磁导率;Ee为电场强度,V/m;k0为真空中波数,k0=ω/c0;c0为真空中光速,3×108 m/s;ω=2πf为角速度,rad/s,f为电磁波频率,Hz;εr为复介电常数;j为虚数;σE为电导率,S/m。
假设成岩矿物在加热过程中没有化学反应和热能与机械能间的转换,基于能量守恒定律,采用傅里叶方程描述成岩矿物间的热传导过程[15],表达式为
$ \rho_{s} C_{p} \frac{\partial T}{\partial t}+\nabla \cdot \boldsymbol{q}=\frac{1}{2} \operatorname{Re}\left(\boldsymbol{J} \cdot \boldsymbol{E}^{*}+\mathrm{i} \omega \cdot \boldsymbol{H}^{*}\right)$
式(2)中:ρs为花岗岩密度,kg/m3;Cp为比热容,J/(kg·K);T为温度,K;q为热通量,W/m2;Re为取实部;J为电流密度,A/m2;E*为电场共轭;i为虚数单位;H*为磁场共轭;·为矢量点乘。
假设岩心为线弹性材料,忽略重力,内部产生诱导应力的过程可以用应力平衡方程[16]描述为
σ=C:[ε-α(T)(T-Tin)]
$0=\nabla \cdot \sigma+\boldsymbol{F}_{V}$
式中:α为热膨胀系数,K-1;C为弹性张量,由弹性模量E和泊松比ѵ定义;Tin为花岗岩的初始温度,K; FV为体积力矢量,MPa。
当应力状态满足(式5)最大拉应力准则(F1>0)和Mohr-Coulomb准则(F2>0)时,会产生拉伸损伤和剪切损伤[17],表达式为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{F}_{1}={\sigma }_{1}-{f}_{\mathrm{t}0}=0\\ {F}_{2}=-{\sigma }_{3}+{\sigma }_{1}\frac{1+\mathrm{s}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\theta }{1-\mathrm{s}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\theta }-{f}_{\mathrm{c}0}=0\end{array}\right.$
式(5)中:σ1σ3分别为第一主应力和第三主应力,MPa;ft0为抗拉强度,MPa;fc0为抗压强度,MPa;θ为内摩擦角,θ=30°[13]
岩石损伤后,岩石单元的弹性模量随着损伤变量D(0≤D≤1)递减[17],表达式为
E=E0(1-D)
式(6)中:E0为初始弹性模量,GPa;D=0表示未损伤,D=1表示完全损伤。
采用弹脆损伤理论判断,当满足F1>0,岩石受到拉伸损伤,损伤变量与应变的关系[18]如下。
D=$\left\{\begin{array}{ll}0,& \epsilon <{\epsilon }_{\mathrm{t}0}\\ 1-{\left(\frac{{\epsilon }_{\mathrm{t}0}}{\epsilon }\right)}^{n},& {\epsilon }_{\mathrm{t}0}<\epsilon <{\epsilon }_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{u}}\\ 1,& {\epsilon }_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{u}}<\epsilon \end{array}\right.$
式(7)中:εt0为弹性极限处的拉伸应变,${{\epsilon }_{\mathrm{t}}}_{0}$=${{f}_{\mathrm{t}}}_{0}$/E0;εtu为最大拉伸应变,εtu=η${{\epsilon }_{\mathrm{t}}}_{0}$,η为极限应变系数,η=5;n为本构系数,n=2[19]
同理,当满足F2>0,岩石受到剪切损伤,损伤变量与应变的关系[18]如下。
D=$\left\{\begin{array}{ll}0,& {\epsilon }_{\mathrm{c}0}<\epsilon \\ 1-{\left(\frac{{\epsilon }_{\mathrm{c}0}}{\epsilon }\right)}^{n},& \epsilon <{\epsilon }_{\mathrm{c}0}\end{array}\right.$
式(8)中:${{\epsilon }_{\mathrm{c}}}_{0}$为弹性极限处的剪切应变,${{\epsilon }_{\mathrm{c}}}_{0}={{f}_{\mathrm{c}}}_{0}$/E0
在应力与损伤非耦合条件下,随着电磁辐射的进行,岩心损伤后弹性模量减小,导致应力下降,从而使损伤变量计算值偏小。通过式(9)对比每个时间步长下的损伤并计算累计损伤,以累计损伤进行迭代计算,耦合应力与损伤变量,表达式为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{D}_{\mathrm{a}}={D}_{0}+\stackrel{n}{\sum _{i=1}}\mathrm{\Delta }{D}_{i}\\ \mathrm{\Delta }{D}_{i}=\left\{\begin{array}{ll}{D}_{i}-{D}_{i-1},& {D}_{i}>{D}_{i-1}\\ 0,& {D}_{i}<{D}_{i-1}\end{array}\right.,i=\mathrm{1,2},\dots,n\end{array}\right.$
式(9)中:Da为损伤累积变量;D0为初始损伤变量,无因次;i为步长数,n=t/h,t为加热时间,h为时间步长。
通过上述控制方程及各矿物的性质参数,分别计算电磁场、温度场、应力及损伤分布。其中模型各物理场的耦合过程如图1所示,由矿物的电阻损耗和磁损耗为热源项[式(2)等号右项],描述电磁能转换成热能的过程,实现电磁场和温度场的耦合。由矿物的热应变表征温度升高使矿物发生热膨胀的程度,实现温度场和应力场的耦合[式(3)]。以弹脆损伤理论[式(5)]和矿物损伤后弹性模量的变化[式(6)],定义矿物损伤产生的条件和描述损伤对矿物力学性质的影响。通过[式(5)、式(6)和式(9)]建立应力和损伤之间的耦合。
基于电磁辐射花岗岩破岩及损伤的实验设计,应用微波炉加热模型简化模拟,采用TE10模式端口近似电磁辐射源。将花岗岩岩心置于谐振腔底部中心位置,模拟电磁辐射下花岗岩岩心的电磁场、温度场、应力及损伤分布。模型由谐振腔(270 mm×267 mm×188 mm)、波导(78 mm×50 mm×18 mm)及岩心(30 mm×30 mm×30 mm)组成[图2(a)],选取蓝色切面a(x=15 mm)及截线AB[图2(b)]分析各矿物的温度与损伤。选取的花岗岩由石英(42%)、长石(51%)及黑云母(7%)组成,通过岩心薄片可知3种矿物随机分布且平均粒径在1 mm左右[20]。将岩心切割为20×20×20块边长为1.5 mm的正方体,将矿物随机填充至切块内,构建非均质岩心模型[图2(c)]。对不同矿物的电、热、力学性质进行赋值,与基于矿物组分平均值或随机分布函数生成矿物性质的方法相比,更贴近岩心真实的矿物分布。
为了简化电磁场的计算,将谐振腔腔壁设置为阻抗边界,定义为
$\sqrt{\frac{\mu_{0} \mu_{\mathrm{r}}}{\varepsilon_{0} \varepsilon_{\mathrm{r}}-\frac{\mathrm{j} \sigma_{\mathrm{e}}}{\omega}}} \boldsymbol{n} \times \boldsymbol{H}+\boldsymbol{E}_{\mathrm{e}}-\left(\boldsymbol{n} \cdot \boldsymbol{E}_{\mathrm{e}}\right) \boldsymbol{n}=0$
式(10)中:μ0为真空磁导率,1.26×10-6 H/m;H为磁场强度,A/m;n为边界面的法向量。
岩心底面设置为热绝缘,其余表面与空气接触造成热损失,表达式为
q0=h(Text-T)
式(11)中:h为对流换热系数,h=40 W/(m2·K)[18];Text为空气温度,K。
岩心底面设置为固定约束,其余表面为自由边界,表达式为
u=0
式(12)中:u为位移矢量。
表1汇总了模拟所需的花岗岩中石英、黑云母及长石的电学、传热及力学性质。
选用功率3 kW、频率2.45 GHz及时间300 s的电磁辐射参数,研究岩心及各个矿物的电磁场、温度场、应力及损伤分布。
电磁波的传输受介质的阻尼而逐渐衰减,并将电磁能量转化为热能,刻画这一能量转化大小的指标为电磁功率损耗密度。花岗岩岩心与成岩矿物的电磁功率损耗密度如图3(a)所示;由于岩心的非均质性及矿物介电性质的差异,电磁功率损耗密度呈现非均匀分布。矿物的介电损耗越大(表1),其电磁功率损耗密度越大;黑云母、长石、石英在电磁辐射下的平均功率损耗密度分别为2.4×107 、9.9×104 、7.7×105 W/m3[图3(b)]。
图4为电磁辐射下岩心与各个矿物的温度分布及平均温度。模拟过程中岩心的平均温度240 ℃与戴俊等[25]进行微波加热花岗岩的实验中所测定的花岗岩温度230 ℃接近,确保时间尺度一致。与常规加热不同,电磁辐射下岩心温度分布受矿物电学性质及热学性质的影响,不同矿物及位置的温度差异显著[图4(a)],导致岩心的最大(295 ℃)、最小(174 ℃)温度相差较大。但随着热传导的进行,矿物间的温度差逐渐减小[图4(b)]。
切面a的温度分布表明,黑云母富集区域易形成局部热点,受热传导的作用,导致相邻的矿物温度提升,显著高于黑云母不发育区域[图5(a)]。选取截线AB定量分析不同矿物的温度差异[图5(b)]。
选取第一主应力分析电磁辐射下花岗岩岩心的应力分布[图6(a)]。由于各矿物的温度及热膨胀系数不同,导致各矿物的热膨胀程度存在差异,在矿物间诱导产生热应力。平均第一主应力计算结果表明电磁辐射下石英与黑云母处于拉伸状态,而长石处于压缩状态[图6(b)]。
随着电磁辐射的进行,矿物温度逐渐升高,导致热膨胀程度提高与应力增大。电磁辐射100 s后,石英的第一主应力大于其抗拉强度,矿物产生张性损伤,弹性模量降低,导致石英的第一主应力呈现先增后降的趋势;长石与黑云母未发生损伤,故其第一主应力随着时间逐渐减小与增大。
电磁辐射下岩心与不同矿物的损伤分布如图7(a)所示;电磁辐射5 min后,花岗岩的损伤体积比为41.98%,其中石英、长石、黑云母的占比分别为41.02%、0.91%、0.05%[图7(b)]。由于矿物的抗拉强度显著低于其抗压强度,石英受拉应力作用,产生张性损伤。而黑云母与长石的平均第一主应力较低[图6(b)],只有少量的矿物达到了损伤条件,损伤占比较低。而3个矿物的最大第三主应力(石英:140 MPa;长石:142 MPa;黑云母:176 MPa)小于其抗压强度。根据弹脆损伤理论[式(5)],3种矿物均未产生剪切损伤。
图8为不同电磁辐射时间下花岗岩岩心及各矿物的损伤体积占比。损伤演化趋势呈S形曲线,表现为缓慢起步(0~40 s)、快速增长(40~230 s)及趋于平缓(230~300 s)3个阶段。电磁辐射初期,矿物的温度较低,热应力较小,不足以产生损伤。随着电磁辐射的进行,矿物温度及应力升高,矿物损伤加剧,损伤占比显著提升。由于电磁辐射下花岗岩的损伤以石英的张性损伤为主,当石英矿物基本损伤后,花岗岩的损伤趋于平缓。
电磁辐射下花岗岩损伤程度不断增大,出现裂缝,降低岩石的胶结等,进而降低岩石强度[22,26]。花岗岩损伤后的岩石强度[27-28]
$f_{\text {core }}=\sum_{i=1}^{N} V_{i} f_{i}$
f=fcore(1-D)
式中:Vi为各矿物的体积含量;fcore为岩心的初始岩石强度,MPa;fi为各矿物的初始岩石强度,MPa;N为成岩矿物种类。
电磁辐射下花岗岩的温度逐渐升高,其岩心强度下降幅度增加(图9)。模拟过程中,当花岗岩的温度为240 ℃时,其抗拉、抗压强度由22.5 MPa和168 MPa下降至14.1 MPa和118 MPa,下降幅度为37%、29.6%。其模拟结果与戴俊等[24]微波加热花岗岩至230 ℃后,测定花岗岩的抗拉、抗压强度下降41%、32%的实验结果接近。
(1)基于矿物(黑云母、石英、长石)随机分布花岗岩岩心模型,实现了对花岗岩非均质性的表征,并通过电-热-固-损多物理场的耦合明确了岩心样品在电磁辐射下的电场、温度、应力及损伤的分布。
(2)由于电磁波的选择加热性,介电损耗最大的黑云母的电磁功率损耗密度高出其余矿物2~3个数量级,黑云母的温度最高;电磁辐射下石英和黑云母受拉,长石受压,岩心的损伤以石英的张性损伤为主导。
(3)对于花岗岩的损伤规律,其损伤演化趋势呈S形,表现为缓慢起步(0~40 s)、快速增长(40~230 s)及趋于平缓(230~300 s)3个阶段;岩石强度随平均损伤变量的增加而降低,电磁辐射5 min后花岗岩的抗拉、抗压强度下降37%、29.6%。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52104023)
  • 四川省自然科学基金(2023NSFSC0945)
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2025年第25卷第17期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406639
  • 接收时间:2024-09-04
  • 首发时间:2025-12-15
  • 出版时间:2025-06-18
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-04
基金
国家自然科学基金(52104023)
四川省自然科学基金(2023NSFSC0945)
作者信息
    1 成都理工大学能源学院, 成都 610059
    2 成都理工大学地球物理学院, 成都 610059

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*胡蓝霄(1989—),男,汉族,陕西甘泉人,博士研究生,副教授,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:非常规油气开发。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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