Article(id=1207343642642060263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1207343627223802520, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405463, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1721404800000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1765782755765, onlineDateStr=2025-12-15, pubDate=1750176000000, pubDateStr=2025-06-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765782755765, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-15, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765782755765, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765782755765, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1207343627223802520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='17', pageStart='7023', pageEnd='7453', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765782752085, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765783816840, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1207348093192872694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1207343627223802520, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1207348093192872695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1207343627223802520, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=7303, endPage=7317, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1207343649675907411, articleId=1207343642642060263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Impact Effect and Fragility of Multi-span Reinforced Concrete Bridges with Unequal Height Piers under Earthquake Action, columnId=1207343630122066593, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers-Architectural Science, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To address the issue of bridge collisions induced by earthquakes, seismic vulnerability curves for the overall system and individual components of conventional and irregular box girder highway bridges, with and without collisions, were developed and compared based on nonlinear time history analysis using the OpenSees finite element software. Four damage states, ranging from minor to severe, were established. The fragility function was employed to elucidate the interaction between structural irregularities and collisions between the bridge deck and the abutment on the seismic vulnerability of multi-span box girder highway bridges. A conversion coefficient, rp, was introduced to quantify the impact of collisions on the vulnerabilities of bridge components and the overall system. Traditional analysis methods, including static and simplified analyses, alongside technical seismic models, were applied to adjust the vulnerability values associated with collisions and irregularities. The findings reveal that collisions exert adverse effects on all structural components. As the damage level increase, the variability in RP values for the ductility of bridge columns and anti-falling beams also increase. Specifically, for earthquake number 2, the rp values under damage conditions are 0.95 for mild(DC1) and 1.02 for moderate(DC2). Under pulse type seismic motion, collisions significantly increase the degree of damage to engineering demand parameters (EDP). For earthquake number 3, the average rp value for foundation translation was 0.71 with collisions and 0.57 without, highlighting the significant destructive influence of collisions on foundation translation. By comparing the median values across all categories, it was observed that the median values for earthquake numbers 3 and 1A were lower than those for earthquake numbers 2 and 1B, indicating that collisions caused more severe damage under lower ground motion intensities. This study provides a valuable reference for seismic bridge design, offering insights to improve design specifications, enhance the seismic performance of bridge structures, and deliver significant engineering and practical applications.

, correspAuthors=Tao LAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Fu-jun CHEN, Fei-yun YUAN, Jian-hua YU, Xiao-jun LI, Tao LAN, Da GUO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1207343654876844848, articleId=1207343642642060263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=地震作用下不等高度桥墩多跨钢筋混凝土桥梁的碰撞效应与脆弱性, columnId=1156262730517565784, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·建筑科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为解决地震引起的桥梁碰撞问题,基于OpenSees有限元软件的非线性时程分析,开发并比较了有无碰撞两种情况下常规和不规则箱梁公路桥梁的整体系统及各个组件的地震脆弱性曲线。研究设定了4种损伤条件,从常规到严重。通过脆弱性函数,阐明了不规则性和桥面板与桥台之间的碰撞对多跨箱梁公路桥梁地震脆弱性的交互作用。同时引入了转换系数rp,明确了冲击碰撞对桥梁组件及整体系统脆弱性的影响,应用了传统分析方法(静态与简化分析)和技术地震模型,调整了碰撞和不规则性的脆弱性值。研究结果表明:碰撞对所有结构组件都有不利影响。随着损伤等级的增加,桥柱延性和防落梁的rp离散性增加。地震编号2中,轻微(DC1)损伤条件下的rp为0.95,而中等(DC2)为1.02。在脉冲型地震动下,碰撞显著增加了工程需求参数(engineering demand parameter,EDP)的损害程度,编号3中,有碰撞时基础平移的平均rp为0.71,而无碰撞为0.57,表明了碰撞对基础平移的破坏作用显著。通过对所有类别的中值比较,发现地震编号3和编号1A的中值小于地震编号2和编号1B的中值,表明了在较低的地震动强度下,碰撞导致的损伤更为严重。研究结论为桥梁抗震设计提供了重要的参考依据,有助于改进设计规范,增强桥梁结构的抗震性能,具有重要的工程意义和实际应用价值。

, correspAuthors=岚涛, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*岚涛(1979—),男,汉族,湖北宜昌人,博士,教授。研究方向:桥梁抗震。E-mail:
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陈甫君 (1976—),男,汉族,四川资中人,高级工程师。研究方向:路桥、隧道工程施工技术。E-mail:

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陈甫君 (1976—),男,汉族,四川资中人,高级工程师。研究方向:路桥、隧道工程施工技术。E-mail:

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Journal of Railway Science & Engineering. 2023, 20(2): 393-404., articleTitle=Sensitivity analysis of modeling parameters of high-speed railway girder bridge, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1207400976915469248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, awardId=519787740, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(519787740), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1207400967071437341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207400967079825951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, companyId=1207400967071437341, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Sichuan Provincial Communications Construction Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207400967088214561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, companyId=1207400967071437341, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 四川省交通建设集团有限责任公司, 成都 610000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1207400967188877865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207400967197266474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, companyId=1207400967188877865, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Sichuan Tibetan Expressway Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207400967205655083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, companyId=1207400967188877865, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 四川藏区高速公路有限责任公司, 成都 610000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1207400967293735470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207400967297929775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, companyId=1207400967293735470, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Southwest Jiaotong University School of Civil Engineering, Chengdu 610031, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207400967314706992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, companyId=1207400967293735470, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 西南交通大学土木工程学院, 成都 610031)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1207400972020716309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Bridge elevation, figureFileSmall=xfo4UTRn9fAc+AMPqnP9RA==, figureFileBig=e2dmgc+IUsYznRy8eUvtQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207400972087825177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, language=CN, label=图1, caption=桥梁的标高, figureFileSmall=xfo4UTRn9fAc+AMPqnP9RA==, figureFileBig=e2dmgc+IUsYznRy8eUvtQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207400972209460000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Schematic diagram of bridge box girder, figureFileSmall=DfYJbOoF5n4jvCbSVulwEQ==, figureFileBig=35fhNQ74uE0mnnO7MjQBuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207400972305928998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, language=CN, label=图2, caption=桥梁箱梁示意图, figureFileSmall=DfYJbOoF5n4jvCbSVulwEQ==, figureFileBig=35fhNQ74uE0mnnO7MjQBuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207400972423369513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Impact analysis model used in the study, figureFileSmall=bSXPCP27Japdy1ZSfIg38A==, figureFileBig=e66NsTxdN4CKfU6uudsJ7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207400972503061296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, language=CN, label=图3, caption=研究使用的影响分析模型, figureFileSmall=bSXPCP27Japdy1ZSfIg38A==, figureFileBig=e66NsTxdN4CKfU6uudsJ7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207400972586947379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Schematic diagram of the 3D analysis bridge with unequal height piers and component models, figureFileSmall=84cWjQOVH3X7dt/fWwKVjA==, figureFileBig=xGLPDu0HcTzOtoaoqO8vHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207400972695999290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不等高桥墩和构件模型的三维分析桥梁的示意图, figureFileSmall=84cWjQOVH3X7dt/fWwKVjA==, figureFileBig=xGLPDu0HcTzOtoaoqO8vHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207400972821828413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Probabilistic seismic demand model of HBRC bridge, figureFileSmall=TA/hHkhs9kqXqXiPQUP2uA==, figureFileBig=0injrhBjrQ/MEmzBHNFtEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207400972876354370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, language=CN, label=图5, caption=HBRC桥梁的概率地震需求模型

g为重力加速度

, figureFileSmall=TA/hHkhs9kqXqXiPQUP2uA==, figureFileBig=0injrhBjrQ/MEmzBHNFtEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207400972947657542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Vulnerable function of HBRC, figureFileSmall=wtfWgKomV75aOuItg711Jw==, figureFileBig=zHkHebsgvo1qX9d2xWg3HQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207400973056709449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, language=CN, label=图6, caption=HBRC的脆弱函数, figureFileSmall=wtfWgKomV75aOuItg711Jw==, figureFileBig=zHkHebsgvo1qX9d2xWg3HQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207400973119624014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=rp values of bridge columns under four different limit states, figureFileSmall=YFVwtOcCvk0kYN8UtJcAog==, figureFileBig=fDqnSxfO9yUbg5gXPJvxxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207400973186732883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, language=CN, label=图7, caption=4种不同极限状态下的桥柱的rp, figureFileSmall=YFVwtOcCvk0kYN8UtJcAog==, figureFileBig=fDqnSxfO9yUbg5gXPJvxxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207400973320950621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=System vulnerability function curve, figureFileSmall=WsHisXm+/F/4UF50tsBVmQ==, figureFileBig=GdcX3KVzOpYnEkUTFj2rQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207400973421613920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, language=CN, label=图8, caption=系统脆弱性函数曲线, figureFileSmall=WsHisXm+/F/4UF50tsBVmQ==, figureFileBig=GdcX3KVzOpYnEkUTFj2rQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207400973522277222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=rp values of bridges under different damage conditions, figureFileSmall=SjTpEzduf5I2CxwDsY68+Q==, figureFileBig=a0mQRI1yiI3OrI4bwPQF/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207400973639717738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同损伤条件下桥梁的rp, figureFileSmall=SjTpEzduf5I2CxwDsY68+Q==, figureFileBig=a0mQRI1yiI3OrI4bwPQF/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207400973706826604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Different damage levels

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
损伤等级 描述
DC1 轻微损伤
DC2 中等损伤
DC3 严重损伤
DC4 完全损伤
), ArticleFig(id=1207400973769741168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同损伤等级

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
损伤等级 描述
DC1 轻微损伤
DC2 中等损伤
DC3 严重损伤
DC4 完全损伤
), ArticleFig(id=1207400973866210164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Component limit state values of four damage states

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组件 DC1 DC2 DC3 DC4
SC βC SC βC SC βC SC βC
桥柱延性 1 0.35 2 0.35 3.5 0.35 5 0.35
防落梁 25 0.35 75 0.35 100 0.35 125 0.35
橡胶支座变形 25 0.35 100 0.35
桥台变形 75 0.35 250 0.35
基础位移 25 0.35 100 0.35
), ArticleFig(id=1207400973945901944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

4种损伤状态的组件极限状态值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组件 DC1 DC2 DC3 DC4
SC βC SC βC SC βC SC βC
桥柱延性 1 0.35 2 0.35 3.5 0.35 5 0.35
防落梁 25 0.35 75 0.35 100 0.35 125 0.35
橡胶支座变形 25 0.35 100 0.35
桥台变形 75 0.35 250 0.35
基础位移 25 0.35 100 0.35
), ArticleFig(id=1207400974130451325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Four factors affecting the height of bridge piers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
程度 两跨 三跨 四跨
α2 α3 α4
编码 α1 编码 α1 上限 下限 编码 α1 上限 下限 上限 下限
常规 HBRA 1 HBRB 1 1 1 HBRC 1 1 1 1 1
轻微 HBUSB 1 1.2 1.5 HBUSC 1 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.5
中等 HBUMB 1 1.5 2.5 HBUMC 1 1.5 2.5 1.5 2.5
严重 HBUIB 1 2.5 3.5 HBUIC 1 2.5 3.5 2.5 3.5
), ArticleFig(id=1207400974222726015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

桥墩高度影响因素的4个条件

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
程度 两跨 三跨 四跨
α2 α3 α4
编码 α1 编码 α1 上限 下限 编码 α1 上限 下限 上限 下限
常规 HBRA 1 HBRB 1 1 1 HBRC 1 1 1 1 1
轻微 HBUSB 1 1.2 1.5 HBUSC 1 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.5
中等 HBUMB 1 1.5 2.5 HBUMC 1 1.5 2.5 1.5 2.5
严重 HBUIB 1 2.5 3.5 HBUIC 1 2.5 3.5 2.5 3.5
), ArticleFig(id=1207400974306612103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Parameters of the impact unit model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数
Kh 90.5 kN·mm(-3/2)
n 3/2
e 0.8
δm 25.4 mm
a 0.1
δy 2.54 mm
Keff 456 kN/mm
Kt1 1 116 kN/mm
Kt2 384 kN/mm
), ArticleFig(id=1207400974386303883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

冲击单元模型的参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数
Kh 90.5 kN·mm(-3/2)
n 3/2
e 0.8
δm 25.4 mm
a 0.1
δy 2.54 mm
Keff 456 kN/mm
Kt1 1 116 kN/mm
Kt2 384 kN/mm
), ArticleFig(id=1207400974474384269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Geometric parameter distribution

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
几何参数和结构参数 平均值/m 中位数/m 标准值/m
跨度长度 35 32.58 12.34
桥面宽度 20.48 15.79 12.86
垂直支撑间距 5.48 5.15 1.13
), ArticleFig(id=1207400974554076050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

几何参数分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
几何参数和结构参数 平均值/m 中位数/m 标准值/m
跨度长度 35 32.58 12.34
桥面宽度 20.48 15.79 12.86
垂直支撑间距 5.48 5.15 1.13
), ArticleFig(id=1207400974612796309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Bridge sample geometry

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 桥面宽度/m 跨度长度/m 桥梁柱高/m
1 26.71 34.28 4.96
2 30.56 27.47 6.67
3 13.54 44.01 3.88
4 36.50 23.97 5.46
5 21.53 38.40 4.79
6 12.23 30.77 6.33
7 19.57 54.93 4.42
8 14.89 17.16 5.84
9 23.84 33.36 5.13
10 17.80 26.60 7.21
), ArticleFig(id=1207400975783007129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

桥梁样本几何形状

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 桥面宽度/m 跨度长度/m 桥梁柱高/m
1 26.71 34.28 4.96
2 30.56 27.47 6.67
3 13.54 44.01 3.88
4 36.50 23.97 5.46
5 21.53 38.40 4.79
6 12.23 30.77 6.33
7 19.57 54.93 4.42
8 14.89 17.16 5.84
9 23.84 33.36 5.13
10 17.80 26.60 7.21
), ArticleFig(id=1207400975871087518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Uncertainties included in the bridge model and their distribution

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
建模参数 分布概率 参数 单位
1 2
钢筋屈服强度 对数正态 λ=6.13 ζ=0.08 MPa
混凝土无侧限抗压强度 正常 μ=33.8 σ=4.3 MPa
弹性体轴承的剪切模量 均匀 l=0.66 u=2.07 MPa
摩擦因数 对数正态 λ=-0.92 ζ=0.1
桩的平移刚度 对数正态 λ=2.43 ζ=0.3 kN/mm/pile
桩轴向刚度 对数正态 λ=6.39 ζ=0.3 kN/mm/pile
基台初始刚度 正常 l=14.5 u=29
阻尼 均匀 μ=0.045 σ=4.3
桥台间隙 均匀 μ=40.2 σ=19 mm
质量 均匀 l=0.9 u=1.1
加载方向 均匀 l=0 u=2π rad
), ArticleFig(id=1207400975963362208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

桥梁模型中包含的不确定性及其分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
建模参数 分布概率 参数 单位
1 2
钢筋屈服强度 对数正态 λ=6.13 ζ=0.08 MPa
混凝土无侧限抗压强度 正常 μ=33.8 σ=4.3 MPa
弹性体轴承的剪切模量 均匀 l=0.66 u=2.07 MPa
摩擦因数 对数正态 λ=-0.92 ζ=0.1
桩的平移刚度 对数正态 λ=2.43 ζ=0.3 kN/mm/pile
桩轴向刚度 对数正态 λ=6.39 ζ=0.3 kN/mm/pile
基台初始刚度 正常 l=14.5 u=29
阻尼 均匀 μ=0.045 σ=4.3
桥台间隙 均匀 μ=40.2 σ=19 mm
质量 均匀 l=0.9 u=1.1
加载方向 均匀 l=0 u=2π rad
), ArticleFig(id=1207400976030471073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Earthquake parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 地震描述 震级/级 深度/km
1A 宽频带地震动 7 10
1B 宽频带地震动 6 25
2 宽频带地震动 7 10
3 脉冲型地震动
), ArticleFig(id=1207400976139522980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

地震动参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 地震描述 震级/级 深度/km
1A 宽频带地震动 7 10
1B 宽频带地震动 6 25
2 宽频带地震动 7 10
3 脉冲型地震动
), ArticleFig(id=1207400976256963499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Component vulnerability function parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
构件 DC1 DC2 DC3 DC4
平均值 标准值 平均值 标准值 平均值 标准值 平均值 标准值
P NOP P NOP P NOP P NOP P NOP P NOP P NOP P NOP
桥柱 0.206 0.201 0.468 0.580 0.308 0.342 0.468 0.580 0.425 0.522 0.468 0.580 0.523 0.684 0.468 0.580
防落梁 0.082 0.066 0.569 0.626 0.205 0.171 0.568 0.626 0.366 0.307 0.569 0.626 0.513 0.434 0.569 0.626
支座变形 0.097 0.082 0.531 0.615 0.266 0.239 0.528 0.615
桥台变形 0.982 2.000 1.026 5.902 2.115 2.000 1.026 5.902
基础变形 2.352 5.360 0.784 1.092 15.497 69.462 0.784 1.092
), ArticleFig(id=1207400976353432494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

构件脆弱性函数参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
构件 DC1 DC2 DC3 DC4
平均值 标准值 平均值 标准值 平均值 标准值 平均值 标准值
P NOP P NOP P NOP P NOP P NOP P NOP P NOP P NOP
桥柱 0.206 0.201 0.468 0.580 0.308 0.342 0.468 0.580 0.425 0.522 0.468 0.580 0.523 0.684 0.468 0.580
防落梁 0.082 0.066 0.569 0.626 0.205 0.171 0.568 0.626 0.366 0.307 0.569 0.626 0.513 0.434 0.569 0.626
支座变形 0.097 0.082 0.531 0.615 0.266 0.239 0.528 0.615
桥台变形 0.982 2.000 1.026 5.902 2.115 2.000 1.026 5.902
基础变形 2.352 5.360 0.784 1.092 15.497 69.462 0.784 1.092
), ArticleFig(id=1207400976437318577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, language=EN, label=Table 10, caption=

rp values for different limit states and four ground motions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 DC EDP HBRA HBRB HBRC HBUSB HBUSC HBUMB HBUMC HBUIB HBUIC
1A DC1 桥柱 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.05 1.01 0.91 1.00 1.01 1.02
防落梁 0.89 1.00 1.02 0.79 1.10 0.35 0.77 1.10 1.04
支座变形 0.91 1.00 1.02 0.80 1.06 0.39 0.76 1.09 1.03
基础位移 0.89 0.30 0.44 1.03 1.01 1.10 1.01 0.24 0.57
DC2 桥柱 0.99 0.97 0.96 1.08 1.02 1.00 1.01 0.93 1.01
防落梁 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.02 1.10 0.70 0.98 1.02 1.02
支座变形 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.03 1.10 0.83 1.00 0.94 1.01
基础位移 0.95 0.20 0.22 1.04 1.04 1.10 1.01 0.20 0.31
DC3 桥柱 0.98 0.95 0.92 1.12 1.13 1.05 1.02 0.88 1.00
防落梁 1.01 1.01 1.02 1.05 1.06 1.01 1.01 0.81 1.00
DC4 桥柱 0.98 0.94 0.90 1.14 1.00 1.09 1.03 0.85 0.98
防落梁 1.01 1.01 1.02 1.07 0.91 1.04 1.02 0.65 0.98
1B DC1 桥柱 0.96 1.16 1.08 1.08 1.02 0.94 0.81 1.02 1.01
防落梁 1.00 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.10 0.82 1.00 1.00 1.00
支座变形 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.02 0.83 1.02 0.83 1.01
基础位移 0.29 1.10 1.05 0.24 1.10 1.10 0.20 0.74 0.20
DC2 桥柱 0.94 1.20 1.11 1.12 1.02 0.98 0.75 1.03 1.10
防落梁 1.00 0.81 0.81 1.10 1.10 1.02 1.10 0.46 1.10
支座变形 0.90 0.73 0.58 1.10 1.10 1.08 1.06 0.27 0.20
基础位移 0.20 1.10 1.08 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.73 1.10
DC3 桥柱 0.92 1.20 1.13 1.15 1.03 1.00 0.72 1.03 1.10
防落梁 0.99 0.67 0.65 1.10 1.10 1.05 1.10 0.28 1.10
DC4 桥柱 0.91 1.20 1.14 1.17 1.04 1.02 0.70 1.04 0.99
防落梁 0.97 0.60 0.57 1.10 1.10 1.08 1.10 0.21 1.10
2 DC1 桥柱 1.02 1.01 0.95 0.96 1.04 0.97 1.03 0.97 1.01
防落梁 0.86 0.75 0.97 1.00 1.10 0.97 0.68 1.01 1.01
支座变形 0.95 0.79 0.93 0.96 1.04 0.93 0.69 1.00 1.01
基础位移 1.10 0.81 1.10 0.80 1.01 1.10 1.02 0.20 0.78
DC2 桥柱 1.05 1.05 0.98 0.98 1.00 0.96 1.17 0.93 1.07
防落梁 1.01 0.79 0.81 0.89 1.10 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.01
支座变形 0.97 0.77 0.71 0.82 1.12 0.99 1.01 1.00 0.99
基础位移 1.10 0.88 1.10 0.83 1.01 1.10 1.03 0.20 0.71
DC3 桥柱 1.08 1.09 0.67 0.80 1.01 1.01 1.03 1.07 1.00
防落梁 1.10 1.12 1.01 1.00 1.20 0.94 1.20 1.08 1.16
DC4 桥柱 0.20 0.82 0.67 0.75 1.02 1.01 1.05 0.20 1.00
防落梁 1.01 1.08 1.01 0.97 1.01 1.18 0.87 1.03 1.20
3 DC1 桥柱 1.06 1.10 1.05 1.02 0.20 1.10 0.27 1.05 1.10
防落梁 1.02 1.10 1.04 1.02 0.20 1.10 0.22 1.05 1.10
支座变形 0.20 0.35 0.22 0.45 1.10 1.10 0.21 0.20 0.20
基础位移 1.01 1.02 1.01 0.95 1.07 1.11 0.93 1.03 1.20
DC2 桥柱 1.06 1.08 1.02 0.91 0.52 1.10 0.47 1.05 1.10
防落梁 1.02 1.04 1.01 0.85 0.69 1.10 0.46 1.05 1.10
支座变形 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.25 1.10 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
基础位移 0.96 0.96 1.00 0.94 1.14 1.07 0.98 1.03 1.06
DC3 桥柱 1.01 1.02 1.01 0.76 1.01 1.09 0.67 1.04 1.07
防落梁 0.92 0.92 1.00 0.93 1.19 1.04 1.01 1.03 0.98
DC4 桥柱 0.87 0.98 0.69 1.06 1.06 0.82 1.04 1.01 1.01
防落梁 0.92 1.03 0.28 1.04 1.02 0.78 1.03 1.01 1.01
), ArticleFig(id=1207400976537981876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

不同极限状态和4种地震动的rp

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 DC EDP HBRA HBRB HBRC HBUSB HBUSC HBUMB HBUMC HBUIB HBUIC
1A DC1 桥柱 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.05 1.01 0.91 1.00 1.01 1.02
防落梁 0.89 1.00 1.02 0.79 1.10 0.35 0.77 1.10 1.04
支座变形 0.91 1.00 1.02 0.80 1.06 0.39 0.76 1.09 1.03
基础位移 0.89 0.30 0.44 1.03 1.01 1.10 1.01 0.24 0.57
DC2 桥柱 0.99 0.97 0.96 1.08 1.02 1.00 1.01 0.93 1.01
防落梁 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.02 1.10 0.70 0.98 1.02 1.02
支座变形 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.03 1.10 0.83 1.00 0.94 1.01
基础位移 0.95 0.20 0.22 1.04 1.04 1.10 1.01 0.20 0.31
DC3 桥柱 0.98 0.95 0.92 1.12 1.13 1.05 1.02 0.88 1.00
防落梁 1.01 1.01 1.02 1.05 1.06 1.01 1.01 0.81 1.00
DC4 桥柱 0.98 0.94 0.90 1.14 1.00 1.09 1.03 0.85 0.98
防落梁 1.01 1.01 1.02 1.07 0.91 1.04 1.02 0.65 0.98
1B DC1 桥柱 0.96 1.16 1.08 1.08 1.02 0.94 0.81 1.02 1.01
防落梁 1.00 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.10 0.82 1.00 1.00 1.00
支座变形 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.02 0.83 1.02 0.83 1.01
基础位移 0.29 1.10 1.05 0.24 1.10 1.10 0.20 0.74 0.20
DC2 桥柱 0.94 1.20 1.11 1.12 1.02 0.98 0.75 1.03 1.10
防落梁 1.00 0.81 0.81 1.10 1.10 1.02 1.10 0.46 1.10
支座变形 0.90 0.73 0.58 1.10 1.10 1.08 1.06 0.27 0.20
基础位移 0.20 1.10 1.08 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.73 1.10
DC3 桥柱 0.92 1.20 1.13 1.15 1.03 1.00 0.72 1.03 1.10
防落梁 0.99 0.67 0.65 1.10 1.10 1.05 1.10 0.28 1.10
DC4 桥柱 0.91 1.20 1.14 1.17 1.04 1.02 0.70 1.04 0.99
防落梁 0.97 0.60 0.57 1.10 1.10 1.08 1.10 0.21 1.10
2 DC1 桥柱 1.02 1.01 0.95 0.96 1.04 0.97 1.03 0.97 1.01
防落梁 0.86 0.75 0.97 1.00 1.10 0.97 0.68 1.01 1.01
支座变形 0.95 0.79 0.93 0.96 1.04 0.93 0.69 1.00 1.01
基础位移 1.10 0.81 1.10 0.80 1.01 1.10 1.02 0.20 0.78
DC2 桥柱 1.05 1.05 0.98 0.98 1.00 0.96 1.17 0.93 1.07
防落梁 1.01 0.79 0.81 0.89 1.10 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.01
支座变形 0.97 0.77 0.71 0.82 1.12 0.99 1.01 1.00 0.99
基础位移 1.10 0.88 1.10 0.83 1.01 1.10 1.03 0.20 0.71
DC3 桥柱 1.08 1.09 0.67 0.80 1.01 1.01 1.03 1.07 1.00
防落梁 1.10 1.12 1.01 1.00 1.20 0.94 1.20 1.08 1.16
DC4 桥柱 0.20 0.82 0.67 0.75 1.02 1.01 1.05 0.20 1.00
防落梁 1.01 1.08 1.01 0.97 1.01 1.18 0.87 1.03 1.20
3 DC1 桥柱 1.06 1.10 1.05 1.02 0.20 1.10 0.27 1.05 1.10
防落梁 1.02 1.10 1.04 1.02 0.20 1.10 0.22 1.05 1.10
支座变形 0.20 0.35 0.22 0.45 1.10 1.10 0.21 0.20 0.20
基础位移 1.01 1.02 1.01 0.95 1.07 1.11 0.93 1.03 1.20
DC2 桥柱 1.06 1.08 1.02 0.91 0.52 1.10 0.47 1.05 1.10
防落梁 1.02 1.04 1.01 0.85 0.69 1.10 0.46 1.05 1.10
支座变形 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.25 1.10 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
基础位移 0.96 0.96 1.00 0.94 1.14 1.07 0.98 1.03 1.06
DC3 桥柱 1.01 1.02 1.01 0.76 1.01 1.09 0.67 1.04 1.07
防落梁 0.92 0.92 1.00 0.93 1.19 1.04 1.01 1.03 0.98
DC4 桥柱 0.87 0.98 0.69 1.06 1.06 0.82 1.04 1.01 1.01
防落梁 0.92 1.03 0.28 1.04 1.02 0.78 1.03 1.01 1.01
), ArticleFig(id=1207400976626062263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, language=EN, label=Table 11, caption=

Mean and standard deviation of rp under shock conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地震编号 损伤 桥柱 防落梁 支座变形 基础位移
平均值 标准值 平均值 标准值 平均值 标准值 平均值 标准值
1A DC1 1.001 0.036 0.854 0.216 0.870 0.201 0.741 0.333
DC2 1.002 0.044 0.973 0.096 0.982 0.057 0.681 0.404
DC3 1.002 0.074 0.995 0.067
DC4 1.004 0.096 0.985 0.121
1B DC1 1.007 0.940 0.975 0.061 0.969 0.075 0.669 0.404
DC2 1.016 0.119 0.944 0.203 0.880 0.279 0.455 0.374
DC3 1.020 0.134 0.893 0.275
DC4 1.023 0.143 0.871 0.308
2 DC1 0.995 0.324 0.918 0.117 0.917 0.100 0.889 0.277
DC2 1.032 0.074 0.947 0.089 0.917 0.111 0.794 0.342
DC3 1.057 0.099 0.936 0.116
DC4 1.067 0.108 0.931 0.135
3 DC1 1.046 0.095 0.889 0.351 0.884 0.361 0.448 0.357
DC2 1.038 0.077 0.922 0.235 0.928 0.198 0.305 0.281
DC3 1.016 0.061 0.963 0.136
DC4 1.001 0.079 0.939 0.119
), ArticleFig(id=1207400976705754040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343642642060263, language=CN, label=表11, caption=

冲击情况下rp的均值和标准差

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地震编号 损伤 桥柱 防落梁 支座变形 基础位移
平均值 标准值 平均值 标准值 平均值 标准值 平均值 标准值
1A DC1 1.001 0.036 0.854 0.216 0.870 0.201 0.741 0.333
DC2 1.002 0.044 0.973 0.096 0.982 0.057 0.681 0.404
DC3 1.002 0.074 0.995 0.067
DC4 1.004 0.096 0.985 0.121
1B DC1 1.007 0.940 0.975 0.061 0.969 0.075 0.669 0.404
DC2 1.016 0.119 0.944 0.203 0.880 0.279 0.455 0.374
DC3 1.020 0.134 0.893 0.275
DC4 1.023 0.143 0.871 0.308
2 DC1 0.995 0.324 0.918 0.117 0.917 0.100 0.889 0.277
DC2 1.032 0.074 0.947 0.089 0.917 0.111 0.794 0.342
DC3 1.057 0.099 0.936 0.116
DC4 1.067 0.108 0.931 0.135
3 DC1 1.046 0.095 0.889 0.351 0.884 0.361 0.448 0.357
DC2 1.038 0.077 0.922 0.235 0.928 0.198 0.305 0.281
DC3 1.016 0.061 0.963 0.136
DC4 1.001 0.079 0.939 0.119
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地震作用下不等高度桥墩多跨钢筋混凝土桥梁的碰撞效应与脆弱性
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陈甫君 1 , 袁飞云 2 , 于建华 1 , 李小军 1 , 岚涛 3, * , 郭达 3
科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025,25(17): 7303-7317
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025, 25(17): 7303-7317
地震作用下不等高度桥墩多跨钢筋混凝土桥梁的碰撞效应与脆弱性
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陈甫君1 , 袁飞云2, 于建华1, 李小军1, 岚涛3, * , 郭达3
作者信息
  • 1 四川省交通建设集团有限责任公司, 成都 610000
  • 2 四川藏区高速公路有限责任公司, 成都 610000
  • 3 西南交通大学土木工程学院, 成都 610031
  • 陈甫君 (1976—),男,汉族,四川资中人,高级工程师。研究方向:路桥、隧道工程施工技术。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*岚涛(1979—),男,汉族,湖北宜昌人,博士,教授。研究方向:桥梁抗震。E-mail:
Impact Effect and Fragility of Multi-span Reinforced Concrete Bridges with Unequal Height Piers under Earthquake Action
Fu-jun CHEN1 , Fei-yun YUAN2, Jian-hua YU1, Xiao-jun LI1, Tao LAN3, * , Da GUO3
Affiliations
  • 1 Sichuan Provincial Communications Construction Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610000, China
  • 2 Sichuan Tibetan Expressway Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610000, China
  • 3 Southwest Jiaotong University School of Civil Engineering, Chengdu 610031, China
出版时间: 2025-06-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405463
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为解决地震引起的桥梁碰撞问题,基于OpenSees有限元软件的非线性时程分析,开发并比较了有无碰撞两种情况下常规和不规则箱梁公路桥梁的整体系统及各个组件的地震脆弱性曲线。研究设定了4种损伤条件,从常规到严重。通过脆弱性函数,阐明了不规则性和桥面板与桥台之间的碰撞对多跨箱梁公路桥梁地震脆弱性的交互作用。同时引入了转换系数rp,明确了冲击碰撞对桥梁组件及整体系统脆弱性的影响,应用了传统分析方法(静态与简化分析)和技术地震模型,调整了碰撞和不规则性的脆弱性值。研究结果表明:碰撞对所有结构组件都有不利影响。随着损伤等级的增加,桥柱延性和防落梁的rp离散性增加。地震编号2中,轻微(DC1)损伤条件下的rp为0.95,而中等(DC2)为1.02。在脉冲型地震动下,碰撞显著增加了工程需求参数(engineering demand parameter,EDP)的损害程度,编号3中,有碰撞时基础平移的平均rp为0.71,而无碰撞为0.57,表明了碰撞对基础平移的破坏作用显著。通过对所有类别的中值比较,发现地震编号3和编号1A的中值小于地震编号2和编号1B的中值,表明了在较低的地震动强度下,碰撞导致的损伤更为严重。研究结论为桥梁抗震设计提供了重要的参考依据,有助于改进设计规范,增强桥梁结构的抗震性能,具有重要的工程意义和实际应用价值。

桥梁工程  /  地震脆弱性  /  多跨钢筋混凝土桥梁  /  碰撞效应  /  非线性时程分析

To address the issue of bridge collisions induced by earthquakes, seismic vulnerability curves for the overall system and individual components of conventional and irregular box girder highway bridges, with and without collisions, were developed and compared based on nonlinear time history analysis using the OpenSees finite element software. Four damage states, ranging from minor to severe, were established. The fragility function was employed to elucidate the interaction between structural irregularities and collisions between the bridge deck and the abutment on the seismic vulnerability of multi-span box girder highway bridges. A conversion coefficient, rp, was introduced to quantify the impact of collisions on the vulnerabilities of bridge components and the overall system. Traditional analysis methods, including static and simplified analyses, alongside technical seismic models, were applied to adjust the vulnerability values associated with collisions and irregularities. The findings reveal that collisions exert adverse effects on all structural components. As the damage level increase, the variability in RP values for the ductility of bridge columns and anti-falling beams also increase. Specifically, for earthquake number 2, the rp values under damage conditions are 0.95 for mild(DC1) and 1.02 for moderate(DC2). Under pulse type seismic motion, collisions significantly increase the degree of damage to engineering demand parameters (EDP). For earthquake number 3, the average rp value for foundation translation was 0.71 with collisions and 0.57 without, highlighting the significant destructive influence of collisions on foundation translation. By comparing the median values across all categories, it was observed that the median values for earthquake numbers 3 and 1A were lower than those for earthquake numbers 2 and 1B, indicating that collisions caused more severe damage under lower ground motion intensities. This study provides a valuable reference for seismic bridge design, offering insights to improve design specifications, enhance the seismic performance of bridge structures, and deliver significant engineering and practical applications.

bridge engineering  /  seismic fragility  /  multi-span reinforced concrete bridge  /  impact effect  /  nonlinear time history analysis
陈甫君, 袁飞云, 于建华, 李小军, 岚涛, 郭达. 地震作用下不等高度桥墩多跨钢筋混凝土桥梁的碰撞效应与脆弱性. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (17) : 7303 -7317 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405463
Fu-jun CHEN, Fei-yun YUAN, Jian-hua YU, Xiao-jun LI, Tao LAN, Da GUO. Impact Effect and Fragility of Multi-span Reinforced Concrete Bridges with Unequal Height Piers under Earthquake Action[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (17) : 7303 -7317 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405463
地震引起的结构碰撞是指当相邻建筑物或桥梁段之间的间距小于它们在地震运动期间的相对位移时,发生的周期性撞击现象[1-5]。对于桥梁来说,碰撞可能发生在多框架桥梁的相邻桥面段之间或座式桥台的桥面与桥台之间[6-8]。在2008年的汶川地震中,地震引起的强烈震动导致许多桥梁发生了结构碰撞。特别是在一些座式桥台和桥面之间,地震产生的相对位移超过了设计间距,导致了桥面与桥台之间的碰撞,严重损坏了桥梁的稳定性。此后,关于桥梁抗震设计的研究进一步深入,特别是在如何设计更大的间距和更加有效的减震系统方面。2011年的日本东北大地震对许多桥梁造成了严重影响,尤其是多跨桥梁的相邻桥段之间发生了碰撞。许多桥梁的跨段因相对位移过大而发生了碰撞,导致了桥梁的损坏和结构失效。地震后,对这些桥梁的分析和修复工作表明,地震引起的结构碰撞不仅影响了桥梁的稳定性,还加剧了结构的退化,推动了对桥梁抗震设计的进一步完善。
近年来,许多学者的研究关注了地震引起的桥梁冲击碰撞反应[9-12]。回顾以往的研究发现,对碰撞对桥梁地震性能影响的观点存在两种不同的看法。第一种观点认为,碰撞会加剧桥梁结构的损坏。Hosseini使用由两个线性单自由度(single degree of freedom, SDOF)系统组成的模型研究了相邻桥段间不同参数变化的影响,研究发现,碰撞会放大伸缩缝中两个相邻段之间的相对位移。Rezaei等[13]使用两个SDOF系统评估了直桥中相邻框架的响应。结果表明,碰撞是影响模型中相位框架高度不同的最关键因素。李军等[14]根据地震记录研究了伸缩缝中混凝土桥梁的碰撞反应。研究结果表明,两个相邻段的不同交替时间会显著放大响应。张鹏辉等[15]研究了多框架桥梁中伸缩缝的影响,假设了两种线性桥梁行为模式,包括常规模式和模块化伸缩缝系统,结果表明由于碰撞导致了多框架桥梁桥墩弯矩总体减少。此外,Shi等[16]研究了碰撞对三跨简单支撑钢梁桥桥墩峰值响应的影响,发现间隙与桥墩的非线性行为之间存在强相关性。因此,准确评估桥梁响应时,必须考虑碰撞效应和桥墩的非线性行为。同时,研究需强调数值、几何结构和地震建模的不确定性,以获得更可靠的结果。在当前研究中,这些不确定性已得到适当解决。
另一方面,第二种观点认为碰撞会减轻损坏,在高速公路高架桥中发挥积极作用,减少结构响应。Moayyedi等[17]指出,尽管碰撞会显著改变桥梁行为并增加地震响应,但在某些情况下,也可以发挥积极作用,减少高速公路高架桥的结构响应。Gholami等[18]研究认为,碰撞对桥梁响应的影响可以是有益的或有害的,取决于桥梁结构的几何、机械和动态特性,包括间隙大小和地面运动。为了辨别每个因素的影响,考虑了几何变量、机械和材料不确定性以及地震活动的不确定性。
同时,前述研究主要集中在常规的直桥。但不规则桥梁更容易受到破坏,常常遭受严重损坏,甚至完全倒塌。因此,进一步全面研究不规则桥梁地震性能十分必要。Jiao等[19]结合计算和实验研究方法,进行数值分析。为了验证开发的数值模型,进行了振动台试验,评估曲桥在地震碰撞下的共振行为。结果表明,不均匀分布的碰撞力可以显著增加桥面板的相对位移。Rezaei等[20]通过机器学习方法进行了敏感性分析,识别了对不同工程需求参数(engineering demand parameter,EDP)有效的参数。结果表明,间隙大小是桥面位移和常规及不规则桥梁防落梁的重要参数。
在具有不等高度桥墩的桥梁领域,孙路等[21]研究了多框架混凝土箱梁桥的地震行为,设定了从常规到高度不规则的4个高度不规则性水平。该研究利用脆弱性曲线分析了这些不规则性的影响。结果明确表明,桥梁的脆弱性与高度不规则性成正比。胡章亮等[22]研究了间隙大小对常规和不规则桥梁的EDP的影响,并评估了不同不规则性水平下地震参数与施加在桥台上的碰撞力之间的相关性。最终,提出了基于结构底部剪力的线性函数,以估算不同不规则性水平下桥台的碰撞力。
先前的研究大量关注了斜交和曲桥的碰撞效应,但较少研究深入探讨在地震作用下,桥梁桥墩高度差异带来的复杂性,并且桥墩高度差异对桥梁结构性能和抗震能力的影响尚未得到充分研究。同时,在工程基于性能的设计应用领域中,使用更简化和高效的分析方法也逐渐成为一种趋势。例如线性和非线性静力学、频谱分析等,特别是在需要迭代分析时,脆弱性曲线的制定显得尤为重要。通过脆弱性曲线,能够更直观地评估桥梁在不同地震强度下的损伤概率,从而为工程师提供决策依据,优化设计方案,提高桥梁的抗震性能。
现基于此,在概率框架内提出转换系数,用于估算不同地震场景下碰撞对桥梁组件及整体结构的影响。研究的重点是评估考虑碰撞效应下,不同高度不等桥墩的多跨钢筋混凝土(reinforced concrete,RC)桥梁的概率地震响应。为了确保评估的准确性和全面性,还考虑与地震、结构几何和材料相关的不确定性因素。开发三维模型,涵盖2跨、3跨和4跨桥梁,具有4种不同的高度因子,并结合碰撞效应。然后对这4组地震场景进行非线性时程分析(nonlinear time history analysis,NLTHA)。在不考虑碰撞的情况下对所有分析再次分析。通过脆弱性分析比较有碰撞和无碰撞两种场景,评估碰撞对EDP的影响。研究提出碰撞参数,用于在静态或简化分析和设计中考虑常规和不规则桥梁在地震期间的结构碰撞效应。以期为未来桥梁设计提供新的思路和方法,推动桥梁抗震设计技术的进步,提升桥梁结构的安全性和耐久性。
脆弱性模型在评估桥梁易损性方面起着重要作用,它提供了地震强度和达到或超过某一损伤程度的概率之间的关系。为了确定地震运动激励下的性能极限状态,这些函数通常基于EDP进行量化,如垂直位移、裂缝模式或旋转。构建这些脆弱性曲线的方法包括经验法、分析法、判断法和混合法。经验法依赖于地震后的调查和损伤统计数据来开发脆弱性曲线。虽然这种方法提供了真实世界的数据,但其可靠性取决于收集数据的完整性和多样性。由于观测到的损伤数据集的差异,经验脆弱性曲线可能会表现出显著的变化。另一方面,分析法侧重于基于结构模型分析在逐渐增加的地震荷载下的损伤分布。这种方法高度有效,能够详细理解损伤条件,但无法完全捕捉现实场景中的不确定性。构建脆弱性函数的判断法主要基于专业经验和专家意见,这种方法虽然简单快捷,但由于不依赖于经验证据而是主观的专业判断,可靠性无法保证。混合法结合了经验法和分析法的优势,可以用实验或经验数据校准分析结果,潜在地减少计算工作量,同时提高脆弱性模型的可靠性。因此,现采用分析法进行脆弱性曲线的构建。
脆弱性模型表示为 P[DC∣IM],其中DC分别为桥梁的需求和地震承载能力,IM为地震动强度(intensity measure)。假设DC都遵循对数正态分布,采用正态累积分布函数(cumulative distribution function,CDF),计算公式为
$P[D>C\mid \mathrm{I}\mathrm{M}]=\Phi \left[\frac{\mathrm{l}\mathrm{n}({S}_{D}/{S}_{C})}{\sqrt{{\beta }_{D\mid \mathrm{I}\mathrm{M}}^{2}+{\beta }_{C}^{2}}}\right]$
式(2)中:Φ为标准正态累积分布函数;SDSC分别为各极限状态下的中值需求和中值承载能力;β为离差参数。概率地震需求模型(probabilistic seismic demand model,PSDM)使用回归分析,将每个工程需求参数与所考虑的地震动强度(intensity measure,IM)相结合,即
${S}_{D}=a\mathrm{I}{\mathrm{M}}^{b}$
式(2)中:ab为回归模型的系数,基于 IM 的线性回归进行计算。在对两种不同方向进行时间历史分析后,记录的峰值需求与每个输入地震记录的最大 IM 绘图,计算参数。离差通过以下关系根据 IM 计算得出,表达式为
${\beta }_{D\mid \mathrm{I}\mathrm{M}}\cong {\beta }_{D\mid \mathrm{I}\mathrm{M}}\cong \sqrt{\frac{1}{N-2}\stackrel{N}{\sum _{n=1}}[\mathrm{l}\mathrm{n}{d}_{n}-\mathrm{l}\mathrm{n}(a\mathrm{I}{\mathrm{M}}^{b}{\left)\right]}^{2}}$
式(3)中:N为样本数量,在计算该脆弱性函数时使用的样本总数;dn为每个样本的需求参数,即在地震事件下的具体工程需求参数。通过将式(1)替换为式(2),使用回归所得参数从式(4)计算桥梁不同组件的脆弱性,表达式为
$P[\mathrm{D}{\mathrm{C}}_{i}\left|\mathrm{I}\mathrm{M}]\right.=\Phi \left[\frac{\mathrm{l}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{I}\mathrm{M}-(\mathrm{l}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{c}}_{i}-\mathrm{l}\mathrm{n}a)/b}{\sqrt{{\beta }_{D}^{2}+{\beta }_{Ci}^{2}}/b}\right]$
式(4)中:DCi为第i个损伤状态定义极限状态;Sci为该状态下结构能够承受的最大强度。可以描述桥梁结构和桥梁结构的各个组件的不同损伤条件。
$P[\mathrm{D}{\mathrm{C}}_{i}\left|\mathrm{I}\mathrm{M}]\right.=\Phi \left(\frac{\mathrm{l}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{I}\mathrm{M}-\mathrm{l}\mathrm{n}{\lambda }_{i}}{{\xi }_{i}}\right)$
式(5)中:λξ分别为对数空间中组件脆弱性的中值和离差;i∈{1,2,…,N}为不同的极限状态。
定性的损伤状态描述和损伤标准如表1所示,研究定义了4个损伤等级,轻微(DC1)、中等(DC2)、严重(DC3)和完全(DC4),引入中值和离差参数(分别表示为 SCβC)定义极限状态,4个损伤状态的组件极限状态值如表2所示。
使用了基于统计原理的联合概率地震需求模型(joint probabilistic seismic demand model, JPSDM),在该方法中,可以根据桥梁不同成员之间的相关性来确定桥梁系统脆弱性。
调查了多跨连续箱梁混凝土桥梁,采用OpenSees 软件对桥梁进行3D 模拟和非线性分析,重点研究了两跨、三跨和四跨的箱梁桥,如图1图2所示。基于桥墩的4种不同高度因子,每个因子表示一定程度的不规则性,两跨、三跨和四跨桥梁的柱高比(α)如表3所示。
在 OpenSees 中,基于桥梁的属性,对钢筋混凝土柱通过位移梁柱单元进行建模,截面为圆形。考虑到桥面板在地震期间通常保持弹性,桥面板在纵向和横向都采用弹性梁柱单元进行建模。桥面板的几何属性基于桥梁类型进行测量,分配给桥面板中心的纵向梁柱单元。
桥面板的纵向响应导致桥台后回填土的压力,由于桥面板撞击座式桥台的后墙,这种压力在地震期间大大增加。桥台的纵向行为是两种不同行为的组合,即主动和被动。在主动行为下的纵向方向上,只有桥台桩起作用。纵向方向上的被动行为在桥台对回填土施加压力时表现出来。在这个方向上,桥台的土壤和基础桩的压力共同作用。然而,桥台的横向方向与其纵向方向不同。在横向方向上,桩单独作用,类似于纵向方向上的主动行为。将桥台后回填土的类型和桥台处中等土壤刚度定义为随机和不确定参数。由于考虑了座式桥台以及桥面板和桥台之间的伸缩缝,桥台处可能发生双面撞击,采用双线性模型模拟桥面板和桥台墙之间的碰撞以及随后的能量耗散,如图3所示。总预期能量损失ΔE校准模型的参数,计算方式为
$\mathrm{\Delta }E=\frac{{k}_{\mathrm{h}}{\delta }_{\mathrm{m}}^{n+1}(1-{e}^{2})}{n+1}$
根据式(7)获得有效刚度Keff,利用式(8)~式(10)得到Kt1Kt2δy
$\begin{array}{c}{K}_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{f}\mathrm{f}}={K}_{\mathrm{h}}\sqrt{{\delta }_{\mathrm{m}}}\end{array}$
$\begin{array}{c}{\delta }_{\mathrm{y}}=a{\delta }_{\mathrm{m}}\end{array}$
$\begin{array}{c}{K}_{\mathrm{t}1}={K}_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{f}\mathrm{f}}+\frac{\mathrm{\Delta }E}{a{\delta }_{\mathrm{m}}^{2}}\end{array}$
${K}_{\mathrm{t}2}={K}_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{f}\mathrm{f}}-\frac{\mathrm{\Delta }E}{(1-a){\delta }_{\mathrm{m}}^{2}}$
式中:Kt1Kt2δyδm分别为初始刚度、屈服后的刚度、屈服穿透和桥面板和桥台的最大穿透;khne分别为冲击刚度、赫兹系数和恢复系数,其典型值如表4所示。通过估算耗散的能量,调整双线性模型的参数以获得相同的能量耗散。取参数a为0.1作为屈服参数。表4中展示了使用的所有计算数值。在所有考虑了撞击的模型中,假设间隙尺寸服从正态概率分布,具有特定的均值和标准差,在没有考虑撞击的模型中,采用了足够大的间隙,有效地预防了任何撞击事件的发生。图4展示了用于分析的有限元模型的示意图。采用OpenSees开发了考虑材料非线性效应并进行非线性动力分析的3D分析桥梁模型。
脆弱性分析的主要目标是获得与脆弱性评估和损伤测量中固有的不确定性相关的概率。基于国家桥梁库数据库,选择了每个前述不规则类别的10座桥梁样本,几何与结构参数如表5所示,几何形状如表6所示。为了研究撞击效应对不规则桥梁脆弱性函数的影响,将所有模型在考虑撞击的情况下(间隙尺寸假设为正态概率分布,均值为40.2 mm,标准差为19 mm)的响应与不考虑撞击的情况(间隙尺寸足够大)进行比较。除了桥墩间隙外,建模参数的不确定性还包括材料强度、质量、阻尼和加载方向。表7列出了随机变量及其分布函数。
根据结构可靠性,不确定性可以分为两类。第一类是偶然性,与具有随机性和不可预测性的事件或参数相关,如输入的地震参数。第二类是认知性,与缺乏足够信息的参数相关,如桥梁几何和材料的不确定性。除了考虑材料和结构几何的不确定性外,还考虑了地震动的不确定性,选择的地震记录代表了整个区域的地震风险。数据集包含160条记录,涵盖了地震风险参数的不确定性,如土壤类型、震级和震源深度,数据集分为4组。每组的具体参数如表8所示。
为了评估地震引起的桥台两侧碰撞的影响,基于描述机械性能的概率函数开发了160个桥梁模型,模型在OpenSees软件中受到随机的双组件地震动记录的影响,并进行分析。在有碰撞的情况下,桥台间隙匹配正态分布函数,而在没有碰撞的模型中,使用了足够大的间隙以防止碰撞。采用概率方法开发了桥梁构件和系统脆弱性曲线。据此,通过精确考虑不确定性和计算机模拟估算地震需求,这些不确定性包括所研究桥梁类别的几何规格、分析建模参数以及地震动传播的不确定性。当需求和能力估算完成后,通过式(5)为不同桥梁构件确定脆弱性曲线基于封闭形式的解决方案。由于研究的不是单个桥梁,采用地面峰值加速度(peak ground acceleration,PGA)作为IM的变量,图5说明了HBRC桥模型和不同参数在有无冲击的情况下的概率地震需求模型,桥柱、防落梁、支座变形、桥台变形在有无冲击碰撞情况下的差异并不大,只有基础位移的差异比较明显。这是因为桥柱、防落梁、支座变形和桥台变形等构件在设计时具有较高的抗震性能和变形能力,在地震冲击下能够较好地吸收和分散能量,减少变形差异;而基础位移受碰撞影响较大,碰撞导致基础位移增加,从而显著改变了其响应,反映出碰撞对基础结构的破坏作用更为显著。
图6展示了HBRC桥梁在有无碰撞情况下的脆弱性曲线,其构件脆弱性函数参数(柱延性、防落梁、制作变形、桥台变形和基础平移)如表9所示。不同构件在有碰撞(P)和无碰撞(NOP)情况下的脆弱性存在显著差异。桥柱和防落梁在有碰撞情况下的脆弱性略高于无碰撞情况,特别是在DC3和DC4损伤条件下,主要原因是碰撞增加了构件的受力复杂性,从而导致更高的损伤程度。支座变形在有碰撞情况下的平均值和标准值高于无碰撞情况,表明碰撞引起了支座更大的变形。桥台变形在有碰撞情况下的平均值显著低于无碰撞情况,这是由于碰撞缓解了某些方向的变形,使得桥台变形减小。而基础变形在有碰撞情况下的脆弱性显著增加,尤其是在DC2和DC3条件下,表明基础变形受碰撞影响较大,因为碰撞力直接作用在基础部分,增加了变形和损伤的可能性。
鉴于研究中考虑了各种不确定性,提出了新的冲击碰撞参数,用于识别在静态与简化分析和设计中碰撞对不同桥梁响应的影响。为了简明地描述脆弱性曲线的差异,定义碰撞参数rp为有碰撞情况与相应无碰撞情况的脆弱性曲线中位值eλ的响应比率,如式(11)所示。
${r}_{\mathrm{p}}=\frac{{e}_{\mathrm{P}}^{\lambda }}{{e}_{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{P}}^{\lambda }}$
如果 rp>1,表明有碰撞的情况比没有碰撞的情况需要更大的地面最大峰值加速度才能达到给定的破坏状态,桥梁的性能更好,碰撞是有益的。如果 rp<1,表明碰撞是有害的。表10展示了在各种极限状态和4类地震动下,不同类别桥梁的rp图7展示了在不同类别地震动和4种不同极限状态下桥柱的rp比较。通过使用rp,比较不同EDP的碰撞效应,估算结构响应,分析如下。
图7所示,对于地震编号1A中的桥柱延性,在DC1损伤条件下,两跨和三跨桥梁的rp接近1,而四跨桥梁的rp略大于1(rp=1.02)。在DC2、DC3和DC4损伤条件下,随着桥梁的跨数增加,rp逐渐减少,表明在这些损伤条件下,碰撞对桥柱延性性能的负面影响随着桥梁的跨数增加而加剧。在地震编号1B的背景下,在所有损伤条件下,碰撞增加了两跨桥梁的脆弱性,提高了三和四跨桥梁的抗震韧性。三跨桥梁在所有损伤条件下,抗震韧性方面改善最为显著,表明在纵向方向上发生的碰撞通常会阻止桥面进一步的纵向移动,限制了桥墩在纵向方向上的变形。
地震编号2在DC1损伤条件时,随着桥梁跨数的增加,rp逐渐减少。HBRA的rp为1.023,而HBRC的rp为0.95。这表明虽然两跨桥在碰撞情况下的抗震性能有所改善,但四跨桥在相同情况下表现出了更高的脆弱性。这种差异是由于跨数增加导致的系统复杂性和能量分布变化所引起的。在DC2损伤条件下,发现了类似的效果,随着跨数的增加,rp继续减少。当进入更高的损伤条件DC3和DC4时,情况发生了显著变化。在这些更高的损伤条件下,碰撞的影响变得更加显著,尤其是在HBRB桥梁中,达到了最高的rp,表明在严重损伤情况下,碰撞实际上增强了所有桥梁的抗震韧性。
地震编号3中,不同损伤条件的桥梁脆弱性表现出显著的变化。在DC1和DC2水平下,碰撞的影响显著减少了所有桥梁类别的脆弱性。这意味着在较低损伤条件下,碰撞会有助于桥梁结构的稳定性和抗震性能。然而,当损伤条件提高到DC3和DC4时,这种有益效果仅在四跨桥梁模型中观察到。这表明,在更高损伤条件下,碰撞效应对多跨桥梁的影响更加复杂和多变。在地震编号1A和3中,随着损伤条件的增加,rp逐渐减少。这一趋势表明,桥梁在高损伤条件下对碰撞的脆弱性加剧,结构更容易在地震中受到损坏,这是由于高损伤条件下结构的非线性行为和能量释放模式的变化所导致的。相反,使用地震编号2时,随着损伤条件的增加,rp反而增加。这表明,随着损伤的加剧,桥梁结构的脆弱性也随之增加,特别是在碰撞效应的影响下。这一现象是由于地震强度和频谱特性的差异导致的,地震编号2包含更多的高频成分,对结构造成更大的动态冲击。
总的来说,不同地震记录和损伤条件下,碰撞效应的复杂性和多样性要求在结构设计中采取综合性的方法,以确保桥梁在各种可能的地震情景中都能保持足够的安全性和韧性。
图7表10表明,在地震编号1A下桥台处的防落梁分析中,除了在DC1损伤条件下的两跨和三跨类别外,碰撞对防止桥面掉落起到了积极作用。在DC1和DC2损伤条件下,增加跨数提升了抗震韧性。在DC3和DC4损伤条件下,最低的rp出现在三跨模型中,而四跨桥梁的rp高于两跨桥梁。在这些较高的损伤条件下,四跨桥梁的抗震韧性获得了最大的提升,其次是两跨和三跨桥模型,但在所有情况下,碰撞的影响都是有益的。在地震编号1B中,在DC1损伤条件下,所有桥梁的rp都约为1。然而,在其他损伤条件下,随着跨数的增加,rp逐渐减少。随着损伤条件的提高,跨数对桥梁脆弱性的负面影响加剧。在DC2损伤条件下,两跨桥的rp从1下降到0.81,而在DC4损伤条件下,两跨桥的rp从0.97下降到0.57。这表明随着损伤程度的增加,跨数越多的桥梁对地震的脆弱性越明显。在地震编号2中,除了DC1损伤条件外,碰撞在其他损伤条件下增加了三跨和四跨桥梁的脆弱性,但两跨桥在碰撞的情况下表现出脆弱性减少的趋势。随着跨数的增加,桥梁对碰撞的敏感性在所有4个损伤条件上加剧。除了在DC4损伤条件下,碰撞对结构的影响在大多数情况下是有益的。在DC4损伤条件下,随着跨数的增加,碰撞的负面影响有所减轻。在地震编号1B和3的情况下,随着损伤条件的提高,rp呈现出减少的趋势。在地震编号1A和2中,随着损伤条件的提高,两跨和三跨桥的rp增加,但对于四跨桥梁,效果则是相反的。
这些观察结果表明,碰撞对不同跨数桥梁在不同损伤条件下的影响存在显著差异,进一步突显桥梁跨数和损伤条件在桥梁抗震性能评估中的重要性。
对于地震编号1A,与防落梁类似,随着跨数的增加,支座变形的rp在两个损伤条件上均有所增加。在DC1损伤条件下,rp从两跨桥的0.911增加到四跨桥的1.02。对于地震编号1B,碰撞对所有三跨桥在DC1损伤条件下的影响可以忽略不计,rp接近1。但在DC2损伤条件下,随着跨数的增加,rp逐渐减少,表明碰撞的负面影响在跨数较多的桥梁上更为显著。在地震编号2中,碰撞的影响在所有损伤条件下增加了各类桥梁的脆弱性。这一现象表明,地震编号2的特性使得桥梁在碰撞时更容易受到损害。相反,对于地震编号3,碰撞的影响则减少了所有规则桥梁类别的脆弱性,尤其是在三跨类别的桥梁中,这一效果最为明显。通过对比不同地震编号和跨数的桥梁,可以看出碰撞对桥梁抗震性能的影响是复杂且多变的,具体效果受地震特性和桥梁结构参数的双重影响。
在地震编号1A中,观察到碰撞力增加了桥梁在两个损伤条件下的脆弱性,特别是与桥台变形有关,这表明碰撞力的存在导致了桥梁在桥台处的变形增加。对于基础位移,rp始终小于1,这表明碰撞增加了基础位移,并降低了在DC1和DC2损伤条件下的中位数。三跨桥梁的rp最小,其次是四跨和两跨。在DC1水平下,rp从两跨桥梁的0.89减少到三跨和四跨桥梁的0.3和0.43;在DC2水平下,变化更大,rp从两跨桥梁的0.94减少到三跨和四跨桥梁的0.2和0.22。碰撞力的影响倾向于增强三跨和四跨桥梁的基础位移功能,并显著加剧两跨桥梁在DC1和DC2水平下的脆弱性。在地震编号1B中,桥台变形在两个损伤条件下都达到了较小的rp,表明碰撞对桥台性能的负面影响是一贯的。与三跨和四跨桥梁相比,碰撞力对两跨类别的影响相对较小,对于基础位移,碰撞力倾向于增强三跨和四跨模型的位移功能。在地震编号2中,随着碰撞率的增加,桥台变形的脆弱性加剧。对于基础位移,虽然碰撞对三跨桥梁的脆弱性有加剧作用,但其更倾向于在两个损伤条件下增强两跨和三跨桥梁的性能。在地震编号3中,在所有损伤条件下,碰撞的影响放大了所有桥梁在桥台变形和基础位移方面的脆弱性,表明碰撞对桥梁在桥台和基础位移方面的负面影响更加显著。
在桥柱的延性方面,在DC1损伤条件下,除了HBUMC以外均表现出碰撞增强了抗震韧性。但在其他损伤条件下,HBUIB也受到了碰撞的不利影响。随着损伤条件等级的提高,发现rp在轻微和中等情况下上升,但在严重情况下则下降。在桥台防落梁处,在DC1损伤条件下,碰撞对轻微和中等不规则程度下的脆弱性有放大作用,而在严重情况下则表现为性能增强。在DC2损伤条件下,碰撞的影响仅增强了四跨桥梁的性能。对于HBUSB、HBUMB和HBUMC,随着损伤等级的提高,rp下降。除了HBUIB,其他类别在DC2损伤条件下的rp都比在DC1损伤等级下更高,HBUIB则显示出更为不利的影响。在DC1损伤条件下,只有HBUSC和HBUMB在基础平移过程中显示出大于1的rp,表明它们对碰撞效应有更高的韧性。但对于其余类别,碰撞效应不可避免地增加了结构响应,显示出更易受损的趋势。碰撞效应在DC2损伤条件下相比DC1更为显著,表明在这些条件下结构响应增强。
表11显示了桥梁rp均值和标准差。4组地震下EDP的平均rp分别为0.92、0.89、0.95和0.86。在脉冲型地震动下,碰撞的破坏性显著,rp平均为0.86。HBUIB在地震编号1A、1B和2中的rp最小,而HBUMC在脉冲型地震动下的rp最小。桥柱的平均rp比较显示,在4组地震中碰撞增强了抗震性能。在地震编号1B和2中,随着损伤等级的提高,rp增加,而在编号3中减少;在编号1A中相对稳定。对于桥台处的防落梁,4组地震编号的总体平均rp分别为0.95、0.92、0.93和0.93。支座变形方面的rp分别为0.93、0.925、0.92和0.91,DC1损伤条件下的负面影响比DC2更为显著。总体而言,桥台处的桥面脱落和支座变形在不同地震场景下对碰撞效应的变化范围较小。进一步分析显示,碰撞对基础平移的破坏作用最为显著,其总体平均值分别为0.71、0.57、0.84和0.38,脉冲型地震动下碰撞的破坏性最为显著。
为了研究碰撞对易损性的影响,计算了在有碰撞和无碰撞情况下的情况的系统易损性函数,并进行了rp的比较。图8比较了4个桥梁类别在有碰撞和无碰撞情况下的系统易损性曲线,而图9展示了4个损伤条件下不同桥梁的rp。在早期损伤条件下,碰撞加剧了结构响应,并且随着损伤等级的增加,rp的离散性也增加。在较高损伤等级下,桥梁的非线性行为变得更加复杂,rp的离散程度也更大。桥柱的延性和桥台处桥面脱落的离散性在增加损伤等级时降低,这些EDP作为主要构件,其离散性较低。相比于1B和2地震编号,1A和3地震编号对结果的敏感性较低,3和1A地震编号的离散参数值分别为0.05和0.06,而2和1B地震编号的相应值分别为0.11和0.15。对所有类别的平均值进行比较显示,3和1A地震编号的平均值低于2和1B地震编号,在较低的地震动强度下表现出较强的损伤状态,而较强地震下碰撞的影响离散性较小。碰撞对与桥台相关的构件,如桥面与桥台之间的部件,影响最为显著,而对桥柱和整体系统的影响相对较小。
研究旨在系统评估碰撞对多跨混凝土桥梁结构性能的影响,并提出了基于概率框架的分析方法。通过考虑多种地震不确定性、桥梁几何特征和材料性质的交互作用,对4组不同地震场景下的桥梁进行了系统的非线性时程分析和易损性评估。以下是主要结论。
(1)碰撞对桥梁结构响应的影响表现出多样化和复杂性。在轻微和中等情况下,碰撞显著增强了桥柱的延性。地震编号1B中,有碰撞情况下桥柱的rp为0.92,而无碰撞为0.87。在严重情况下,碰撞会增加桥梁的脆弱性,有碰撞时桥柱的rp为1.15,而无碰撞为0.98。
(2)随着损伤等级的增加,桥柱延性和防落梁的rp离散性显著增加。地震编号2中,DC1损伤条件下的rp为0.95,而DC2为1.02。这种现象主要受墩柱在较高损伤等级下复杂非线性行为的影响,强调了在不同地震场景中对结构损伤的精确预测的重要性。
(3)在脉冲型地震动下,碰撞显著增加了EDP的损害程度,与基础平移相关的rp受到了较大影响。不同EDP对不规则性变化的敏感性不同,基础平移的rp对不规则程度的响应最为敏感,表明了碰撞效应通过改变结构的不规则性来加剧其影响。在地震编号3中,有碰撞时基础平移的平均rp为0.71,而无碰撞为0.57,表明碰撞对基础平移的破坏作用显著。
综上所述,所提出的分析框架和结论为理解和应对碰撞对桥梁结构的复杂影响提供了重要见解。未来的研究可以进一步扩展到不同类型和规模的桥梁,结合更多地震动场景和不确定性因素,以深化对碰撞效应的全面理解,并探索其对桥梁长期性能、耐久性和可持续性的更广泛影响。
  • 国家自然科学基金(519787740)
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405463
  • 接收时间:2024-07-20
  • 首发时间:2025-12-15
  • 出版时间:2025-06-18
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-20
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国家自然科学基金(519787740)
作者信息
    1 四川省交通建设集团有限责任公司, 成都 610000
    2 四川藏区高速公路有限责任公司, 成都 610000
    3 西南交通大学土木工程学院, 成都 610031

通讯作者:

*岚涛(1979—),男,汉族,湖北宜昌人,博士,教授。研究方向:桥梁抗震。E-mail:
参考文献
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxjsygc/CN/10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405463
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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