Article(id=1207343641803199434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1207343627223802520, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2407322, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1727625600000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1765782755565, onlineDateStr=2025-12-15, pubDate=1750176000000, pubDateStr=2025-06-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765782755565, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-15, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765782755565, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765782755565, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1207343627223802520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='17', pageStart='7023', pageEnd='7453', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765782752085, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765783816840, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1207348093192872694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1207343627223802520, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1207348093192872695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1207343627223802520, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=7122, endPage=7131, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1207343649906594159, articleId=1207343641803199434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Classification and Evaluation of Tight Sandstone Reservoirs Based on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Fractal Theory, columnId=1207343632848364254, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers-Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The reservoir of Yanchang Formation in the southwest Ordos Basin is one of the typical tight sandstone reservoirs in China. The classification and evaluation of tight sandstone reservoir of Yanchang Formation in central Ordos Basin has attracted the attention of petroleum enterprises. In order to rationally and efficiently develop the Chang 81 tight sandstone reservoir in Ordos Basin, it is urgent to carry out reservoir classification and accurately evaluate the reservoir. Taking the Chang 81 tight sandstone reservoir in Wuqi area as an example, the fractal dimension of the target layer was calculated by NMR experimental data, and the micro-pore structure of the Chang 81 tight sandstone reservoir was quantitatively studied by combining the experimental data such as cast thin slice and scanning electron microscope. At the same time, the relationship between reservoir fractal dimension and reservoir physical properties was analyzed, and the fractal theory based on nuclear magnetic resonance experiment was used to classify and evaluate tight sandstone reservoirs. The results show that the rock type of Chang 81 tight sandstone reservoir in Wuqi area is mainly lithic feldspar sandstone, and the pore structure is mainly intergranular dissolved pores and feldspar dissolved pores. According to the T2 spectral curve and fractal dimension method, reservoirs are divided into three categories. Each type of reservoir corresponds to the relevant fractal dimension, and the fractal dimension has a good correlation with the physical property parameters, which characterize the complexity of the reservoir pore structure. Combining nuclear magnetic resonance experiment with fractal dimension method to quantitatively characterize the microscopic characteristics of tight sandstone reservoir can improve the accuracy of reservoir classification.

, correspAuthors=Yong-gang ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Zhen SU, Yong-gang ZHAO, Wan-chun MIAO, Zhi-liang HUANG, Shi-fang LI, Dan CHEN, Shuai YIN, Hao-nan LUO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1207343657393427426, articleId=1207343641803199434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=基于核磁共振与分形理论的致密砂岩储层分类评价, columnId=1156262729603207500, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·石油、天然气工业, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

鄂尔多斯盆地西南部延长组储层是国内典型的致密砂岩储层之一,盆地中部延长组致密砂岩储层分类评价目前已引起了石油企业的重视。为了合理高效地开发鄂尔多斯盆地中部长81致密砂岩油藏,亟须开展储层分类,精准评价储层。以吴起地区长81致密砂岩储层为例,通过核磁共振实验数据计算目的层的分形维数值,并结合铸体薄片、扫描电镜等实验资料,对长81致密储层的微观孔隙结构进行定量研究;同时分析储层分形维数和储层物性的关系,运用基于核磁共振实验的分形理论对致密砂岩储层进行分类评价。结果表明:吴起地区长81致密砂岩储层岩石类型主要为岩屑长石砂岩,孔隙结构以粒间溶孔、长石溶孔为主;依据T2谱曲线和分形维数法均将储层分为3类,各类储层对应相关的分形维数,分形维数与物性参数具有较好的相关性,以此表征了储层孔隙结构的复杂程度。将核磁共振实验与分形维数法结合定量地表征致密砂岩储层的微观特征,可提高储层分类的准确性。

, correspAuthors=赵永刚, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*赵永刚(1976—),男,汉族,甘肃泾川人,博士,教授,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:沉积学与储层地质。E-mail:
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苏珍(1998—),女,汉族,云南石屏人,硕士研究生。研究方向:沉积学与储层地质。E-mail:

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Science Technology and Engineering, 2021, 21(23): 9823-9829., articleTitle=The study on fractal characteristics of tight oil reservoirs based on mercury injection experiment and closed coring, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207768417940116270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343641803199434, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=30, issue=2, pageStart=246, pageEnd=253, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=45, authorNames=吴云飞, 刘成林, 冯小龙, journalName=断块油气田, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吴云飞, 刘成林, 冯小龙, 等. 致密砂岩储层微观结构特征及分类评价——以鄂尔多斯盆地南梁油田长9储层为例[J]. 断块油气田, 2023, 30(2): 246-253, 300., articleTitle=致密砂岩储层微观结构特征及分类评价——以鄂尔多斯盆地南梁油田长9储层为例, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207768418028196657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343641803199434, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=30, issue=2, pageStart=246, pageEnd=253, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=46, authorNames=Wu Yunfei, Liu Chenglin, Feng Xiaolong, journalName=Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wu Yunfei, Liu Chenglin, Feng Xiaolong, et al. 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Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field, 2023, 30(2): 246-253, 300., articleTitle=Microstructural characteristics and classification evaluation of tight sandstone reservoirs: a case study of the Chang 9 reservoir in the Nanliang oilfield of the Ordos Basin, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1207768412760150657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343641803199434, awardId=42302167, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(42302167), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1207768404098912553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343641803199434, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207768404111495468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343641803199434, companyId=1207768404098912553, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Earth Science and Engineering College, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207768404115689772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343641803199434, companyId=1207768404098912553, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 西安石油大学地球科学与工程学院, 西安 710065)]), AuthorCompany(id=1207768404308627766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343641803199434, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207768404317016372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343641803199434, companyId=1207768404308627766, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology in Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207768404354765112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343641803199434, companyId=1207768404308627766, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 西安石油大学陕西省油气成藏地质学重点实验室, 西安 710065)]), AuthorCompany(id=1207768404434456893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343641803199434, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207768404438651198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343641803199434, companyId=1207768404434456893, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Tenth Oil Production Plant, Changqing Oilfield Talent Company, Qingyang 745100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207768404447039807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343641803199434, companyId=1207768404434456893, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 长庆油田分公司第十采油厂, 庆阳 745100)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1207768408901390863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343641803199434, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Location of structural unit and research area, figureFileSmall=OOxZ+FBe0B3bJ5HC8XpdXg==, figureFileBig=CsQOb8WnenLC0LGbxUNEyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207768409002054165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343641803199434, language=CN, label=图1, caption=构造单元及研究区位置, figureFileSmall=OOxZ+FBe0B3bJ5HC8XpdXg==, figureFileBig=CsQOb8WnenLC0LGbxUNEyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207768409094328857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343641803199434, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Classification triangle of sandstone in Chang 81 reservoir, figureFileSmall=83pk3hC5nrmkYt7T9+YwJw==, figureFileBig=U3inF9ytXQ7Jw0BPZng7yw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207768409190797856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343641803199434, language=CN, label=图2, caption=长81储层砂岩分类三角图

Ⅰ为石英砂岩;Ⅱ为长石石英砂岩;Ⅲ为岩屑石英砂岩;Ⅳ为长石砂岩;Ⅴ为岩屑长石砂岩;Ⅵ为长石岩屑砂岩;Ⅶ为岩屑砂岩

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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207768412059701863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343641803199434, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Analysis result of nuclear magnetic resonance and centrifugation experiments on 10 samples

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样号 深度/m 渗透率/
10-3 μm2
核磁
孔隙度/%
可动流体
饱和度/%
饱和T2
几何均值/ms
离心T2
几何均值/ms
T2
截止值/ms
1 1 983.16 0.34 12.98 34.21 8.63 3.23 8.03
2 1 958.66 0.09 4.98 14.46 8.92 6.87 124.52
3 1 963.36 0.19 7.66 22.32 15.36 17.10 71.97
4 1 882.08 0.16 8.31 19.37 10.12 7.17 49.94
5 2 121.46 0.26 6.13 15.99 8.96 7.23 41.60
6 1 980.76 0.28 6.36 35.06 16.87 11.45 41.60
7 1 946.30 0.07 5.46 19.05 5.40 3.32 34.65
8 1 957.41 0.13 5.25 19.05 7.65 3.24 24.04
9 2 086.40 0.06 6.48 13.58 9.74 7.63 49.94
10 2 055.88 0.40 9.09 54.57 20.86 22.09 124.52
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10块样品核磁共振及离心实验分析结果

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样号 深度/m 渗透率/
10-3 μm2
核磁
孔隙度/%
可动流体
饱和度/%
饱和T2
几何均值/ms
离心T2
几何均值/ms
T2
截止值/ms
1 1 983.16 0.34 12.98 34.21 8.63 3.23 8.03
2 1 958.66 0.09 4.98 14.46 8.92 6.87 124.52
3 1 963.36 0.19 7.66 22.32 15.36 17.10 71.97
4 1 882.08 0.16 8.31 19.37 10.12 7.17 49.94
5 2 121.46 0.26 6.13 15.99 8.96 7.23 41.60
6 1 980.76 0.28 6.36 35.06 16.87 11.45 41.60
7 1 946.30 0.07 5.46 19.05 5.40 3.32 34.65
8 1 957.41 0.13 5.25 19.05 7.65 3.24 24.04
9 2 086.40 0.06 6.48 13.58 9.74 7.63 49.94
10 2 055.88 0.40 9.09 54.57 20.86 22.09 124.52
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Statistical table of fractal dimension of NRM

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样品 D1 D2 D3 DT
1 2.119 9 2.848 3 2.985 3 2.801 6
2 2.217 4 2.805 3 2.924 4 2.781 9
3 2.184 9 2.511 9 2.931 7 2.737 9
4 2.255 5 2.646 7 2.964 0 2.766 0
5 2.177 8 2.643 3 2.983 5 2.767 4
6 2.192 6 2.566 7 2.890 5 2.728 0
7 2.248 1 2.853 9 2.959 1 2.800 7
8 2.233 7 2.870 6 2.963 6 2.802 5
9 2.209 3 2.683 1 2.967 8 2.773 7
10 2.317 6 2.588 7 2.621 1 2.590 6
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核磁共振分形维数统计表

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样品 D1 D2 D3 DT
1 2.119 9 2.848 3 2.985 3 2.801 6
2 2.217 4 2.805 3 2.924 4 2.781 9
3 2.184 9 2.511 9 2.931 7 2.737 9
4 2.255 5 2.646 7 2.964 0 2.766 0
5 2.177 8 2.643 3 2.983 5 2.767 4
6 2.192 6 2.566 7 2.890 5 2.728 0
7 2.248 1 2.853 9 2.959 1 2.800 7
8 2.233 7 2.870 6 2.963 6 2.802 5
9 2.209 3 2.683 1 2.967 8 2.773 7
10 2.317 6 2.588 7 2.621 1 2.590 6
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Classification list of Chang 81 reservoir

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储层类型 核磁共振T2谱特征 镜下特征
Ⅰ类
Ⅱ类
Ⅲ类
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研究区长81储层分类列表

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储层类型 核磁共振T2谱特征 镜下特征
Ⅰ类
Ⅱ类
Ⅲ类
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基于核磁共振与分形理论的致密砂岩储层分类评价
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苏珍 1, 2 , 赵永刚 1, 2, * , 苗万春 3 , 黄治梁 3 , 李仕芳 3 , 陈丹 3 , 尹帅 1, 2 , 骆浩楠 1, 2
科学技术与工程 | 论文·石油、天然气工业 2025,25(17): 7122-7131
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·石油、天然气工业 2025, 25(17): 7122-7131
基于核磁共振与分形理论的致密砂岩储层分类评价
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苏珍1, 2 , 赵永刚1, 2, * , 苗万春3, 黄治梁3, 李仕芳3, 陈丹3, 尹帅1, 2, 骆浩楠1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 西安石油大学地球科学与工程学院, 西安 710065
  • 2 西安石油大学陕西省油气成藏地质学重点实验室, 西安 710065
  • 3 长庆油田分公司第十采油厂, 庆阳 745100
  • 苏珍(1998—),女,汉族,云南石屏人,硕士研究生。研究方向:沉积学与储层地质。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*赵永刚(1976—),男,汉族,甘肃泾川人,博士,教授,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:沉积学与储层地质。E-mail:
Classification and Evaluation of Tight Sandstone Reservoirs Based on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Fractal Theory
Zhen SU1, 2 , Yong-gang ZHAO1, 2, * , Wan-chun MIAO3, Zhi-liang HUANG3, Shi-fang LI3, Dan CHEN3, Shuai YIN1, 2, Hao-nan LUO1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1 Earth Science and Engineering College, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China
  • 2 Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology in Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China
  • 3 Tenth Oil Production Plant, Changqing Oilfield Talent Company, Qingyang 745100, China
出版时间: 2025-06-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2407322
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鄂尔多斯盆地西南部延长组储层是国内典型的致密砂岩储层之一,盆地中部延长组致密砂岩储层分类评价目前已引起了石油企业的重视。为了合理高效地开发鄂尔多斯盆地中部长81致密砂岩油藏,亟须开展储层分类,精准评价储层。以吴起地区长81致密砂岩储层为例,通过核磁共振实验数据计算目的层的分形维数值,并结合铸体薄片、扫描电镜等实验资料,对长81致密储层的微观孔隙结构进行定量研究;同时分析储层分形维数和储层物性的关系,运用基于核磁共振实验的分形理论对致密砂岩储层进行分类评价。结果表明:吴起地区长81致密砂岩储层岩石类型主要为岩屑长石砂岩,孔隙结构以粒间溶孔、长石溶孔为主;依据T2谱曲线和分形维数法均将储层分为3类,各类储层对应相关的分形维数,分形维数与物性参数具有较好的相关性,以此表征了储层孔隙结构的复杂程度。将核磁共振实验与分形维数法结合定量地表征致密砂岩储层的微观特征,可提高储层分类的准确性。

核磁共振实验  /  分形维数法  /  致密砂岩  /  储层分类评价

The reservoir of Yanchang Formation in the southwest Ordos Basin is one of the typical tight sandstone reservoirs in China. The classification and evaluation of tight sandstone reservoir of Yanchang Formation in central Ordos Basin has attracted the attention of petroleum enterprises. In order to rationally and efficiently develop the Chang 81 tight sandstone reservoir in Ordos Basin, it is urgent to carry out reservoir classification and accurately evaluate the reservoir. Taking the Chang 81 tight sandstone reservoir in Wuqi area as an example, the fractal dimension of the target layer was calculated by NMR experimental data, and the micro-pore structure of the Chang 81 tight sandstone reservoir was quantitatively studied by combining the experimental data such as cast thin slice and scanning electron microscope. At the same time, the relationship between reservoir fractal dimension and reservoir physical properties was analyzed, and the fractal theory based on nuclear magnetic resonance experiment was used to classify and evaluate tight sandstone reservoirs. The results show that the rock type of Chang 81 tight sandstone reservoir in Wuqi area is mainly lithic feldspar sandstone, and the pore structure is mainly intergranular dissolved pores and feldspar dissolved pores. According to the T2 spectral curve and fractal dimension method, reservoirs are divided into three categories. Each type of reservoir corresponds to the relevant fractal dimension, and the fractal dimension has a good correlation with the physical property parameters, which characterize the complexity of the reservoir pore structure. Combining nuclear magnetic resonance experiment with fractal dimension method to quantitatively characterize the microscopic characteristics of tight sandstone reservoir can improve the accuracy of reservoir classification.

nuclear magnetic resonance experiment  /  fractal dimension method  /  tight sandstone  /  reservoir classification evaluation
苏珍, 赵永刚, 苗万春, 黄治梁, 李仕芳, 陈丹, 尹帅, 骆浩楠. 基于核磁共振与分形理论的致密砂岩储层分类评价. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (17) : 7122 -7131 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2407322
Zhen SU, Yong-gang ZHAO, Wan-chun MIAO, Zhi-liang HUANG, Shi-fang LI, Dan CHEN, Shuai YIN, Hao-nan LUO. Classification and Evaluation of Tight Sandstone Reservoirs Based on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Fractal Theory[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (17) : 7122 -7131 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2407322
致密砂岩储层是非常规油气储层的重要组成部分,是中国油气储层领域的研究重点之一。致密砂岩由比较致密的碎屑岩构成,主要包括粉砂岩、粉-细砂岩、细砂岩和少部分中-粗砂岩[1]。由于致密砂岩储层微观孔隙结构的复杂性及强非均质性,导致对该类储层开展储层特征研究及储层评价难度大。
储层分类评价是储层研究的重要部分,储层评价的结果会影响对油藏的整体评价。目前对储层进行分类评价的方法主要有两类:一类是基于地质、测井、地震等学科的定性评价[2-4];另一类是基于数学方法,如模糊综合、灰色关联度、层次分析、分形维数法等的定量评价[5-7]。目前,分形维数法在地质学领域运用广泛,为描述微观孔隙结构的不规则性、复杂性提供了新思路,通过将分形理论与核磁共振、扫描电镜等先进技术相结合,可更全面、更深入地了解微观孔隙结构的自相似性、标度不变性及其与宏观物理性质之间的联系[8]。众多学者开展了基于分形理论的储层分类评价研究工作。闫建平等[9]基于分形理论,利用核磁共振T2谱等实验探讨了分形维数和孔隙结构类型间的关系,明确了孔隙结构类型;进一步根据铸体薄片、压汞等资料,对ES4低渗透砂岩储层孔隙结构进行分析并分类,最终分为3大类5小类。邓浩阳等[10]通过对川西坳陷蓬莱镇组、沙溪庙组致密砂岩气藏代表性岩心进行高压压汞实验,以毛管束分形模型为基础对进汞曲线进行分形处理,结合物性资料分析分形维数与孔隙结构参数的关系,将研究区储层划分为4类孔隙结构类型。刘凯等[11]基于不同的基础地质实验分析资料,利用两种饱和度法对杭锦旗地区盒1段致密储层孔隙结构分形维数进行计算,并分析其与储层物性的关系。朱仰其等[12]以鄂尔多斯盆地南部延安—甘泉地区延长组长6致密砂岩储层为例,通过铸体薄片、扫描电镜分析、X射线衍射和高压压汞实验,结合分形理论,确定目标储层分形特征,并讨论分形维数与储层物性、孔隙特征、矿物成分之间的关系。将铸体薄片、扫描电镜、核磁共振等技术相结合,可更为准确地分析储层微观孔隙结构及对储层进行分类评价,而分形理论的引入为致密砂岩储层评价提供了新的技术手段,可促进致密油气勘探开发工作。
现以鄂尔多斯盆地吴起地区长81致密砂岩储层为例,通过核磁共振实验数据计算目的层的分形维数值,并结合铸体薄片、扫描电镜等实验资料,对长81致密砂岩储层的微观孔隙结构进行定量研究,同时分析储层分形维数和储层物性的关系,运用核磁共振分形理论对致密砂岩储层进行分类。根据岩心核磁共振实验结果及孔隙结构特征等,首次采用分形维数法对吴起地区长81致密砂岩储层进行分类评价,以期为致密砂岩储层评价提供一种可供借鉴的方法,也为长81致密砂岩油藏规模建产、高效开发提供可靠的地质依据。
鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组是以河流-湖泊相为特征的陆源碎屑岩系,是盆地内重要的致密砂岩储层发育层位[13]。研究区吴起地区位于鄂尔多斯盆地中部,二级构造单元陕北斜坡中西部,西临天环坳陷,如图1所示。该地区长8储层位于上三叠统延长组中下部,是该地区主要的含油气层系,可划分为长81、长82两个油层组,其中长81为主力层位,属于三角洲前缘亚相,可细分为水下分流河道、分流间湾、水下天然堤等沉积微相。长81储层孔隙度主要分布在7%~10%,渗透率大多数小于0.25×1${{0}^{-}}^{3}$μm2,属于典型的致密砂岩储层。
根据岩心观察和铸体薄片、粒度分析测试资料显示,长81储层岩石类型主要为岩屑长石砂岩。碎屑矿物以长石为主,含量高达44.6%;其次为石英,含量为30.75%,如图2所示。研究区砂岩碎屑颗粒磨圆度为次棱角状,分选性、结构成熟度中等。碎屑结构的支撑类型为颗粒支撑结构,颗粒间呈点-线接触,胶结类型以孔隙型为主。砂岩粒度总体较细,主要以细砂、极细砂为主,其次为细粉砂、中砂,并含少量粗粉砂、黏土,极少量粗砂。
对吴起地区长81储层岩心样品的X射线衍射和扫描电镜实验资料进行统计分析,如图3所示。结果表明:长81储层黏土矿物中绿泥石含量最高,占比为35.2%;其次为伊利石,占比为32.9%;伊/蒙间层含量为20.5%;高岭石含量最低,占比为11.4%。总体来说,长81储层黏土矿物以绿泥石和伊利石为主。
致密砂岩储层的微观孔隙结构对储层的渗流能力影响显著,准确地评价储层的微观孔隙结构对油气勘探开发十分重要[14]
研究区岩心样品的铸体薄片鉴定资料分析如图4图5所示,长81储层面孔率较低,平均面孔率为4.9%。研究区原生孔隙不发育,主要发育次生孔隙,其次为微裂缝。次生孔隙形态不规则,与其他孔隙连通性差,作为储集空间存在于致密砂岩储层中。次生孔隙尤以粒间溶孔最为发育,粒间溶孔主要发育于颗粒与颗粒之间,是储层在沉积成岩过程中未被填隙物和胶结物充填而保留下来的储集空间,孔径稍大,如图5(a)所示。粒内溶孔主要发育长石溶孔,孔径中等,会对颗粒及填隙物造成破坏,常沿长石解离方向溶蚀形成长石溶孔,形状呈网状或不规则状,如图5(b)所示。微裂缝绕颗粒而过,缝面弯曲,能明显改善储层渗流能力,如图5(c)所示。致密砂岩储层微观孔隙结构一般比较复杂,并不存在单一的孔隙类型,往往同时存在多种孔隙结构类型,如图5(d)所示。
核磁共振是一种被广泛应用于岩石物理学领域的非破坏性技术,以原子核的磁性特性为基础,通过分析岩石中氢核在磁场中的跃迁可得到岩石孔隙结构和流体性质、分布等信息[8]。核磁共振T2谱能反映岩心样品中的原子核磁共振信号在时间上的衰减情况,通过对T2谱的分析,可以获得岩石中不同孔隙直径和分布的信息。通过核磁共振实验可得出岩样内流体T2弛豫时间及分布特征,进而可对岩石孔隙中流体的赋存状态进行分析。流体的T2弛豫时间的长短与受到的孔隙固体表面作用力强弱有关。当流体受到强作用力时,T2弛豫时间很短,流体为停滞状态;当流体受到弱作用力时,T2弛豫时间较长,流体为可动状态[15]。大孔隙对应较长的弛豫时间,小孔隙对应较短的弛豫时间。
优选鄂尔多斯盆地吴起地区长81储层尺寸为20 mm×25 mm的10块砂岩岩心样品进行核磁共振实验,岩心测试实验采用的核磁共振分析仪Reccore-04和离心机Supra22k,如图6所示,并基于石油天然气行业标准《岩石中两相流体相对渗透率测定方法》(GB/T 28912—2012)和《岩样核磁共振参数实验室测量规范》(SY/T 6490—2014)展开。主要测试参数为:扫描次数为128,回波个数为4 096,完全恢复时间为6 s,回波间隔为0.2 ms。
具体步骤如下。
(1)根据标准制作实验测试所需岩心,对岩心进行洗油,再将岩心置于干燥箱中烘干24 h直至恒重,称岩心干重,然后测量长度、直径。
(2)岩心抽空4 h以上,饱和模拟地层水,称湿重;然后进行核磁共振T2谱测量。
(3)标准选择合适的离心力和离心时间对岩心进行离心实验。
(4)对离心后的岩心再次进行核磁T2测量,通过比较离心前后T2谱的方法测得可动流体T2截止值。
核磁共振实验结果如表1所示。可知,吴起地区长81储层岩心样品的渗透率分布范围主要集中在(0.06~0.34)×1${{0}^{-}}^{3}$ μm2;核磁孔隙度介于5.25%~12.98%;可动流体饱和度的范围为13.58%~54.57%;饱和T2几何均值主要分布范围为4.63~81.86 ms,离心T2几何均值主要分布范围为3.23~22.09 ms,T2截止值主要分布范围为8.03~124.52 ms。
基于岩心实验结果,10块岩样经过高速离心甩干后的核磁共振T2谱图如图7所示。在核磁共振T2谱图中,横、纵坐标分别表示弛豫时间、饱和孔隙度分量。对比核磁共振T2谱图形态,可将10块岩样孔隙结构划分为Ⅰ型(大孔)、Ⅱ型(中孔)、Ⅲ型(小孔)3种类型,其中有6块样品呈Ⅰ型,2块样品呈Ⅱ型,2块样品呈Ⅲ型。
典型岩样离心前后核磁共振T2谱图如图8所示。其中左纵坐标表示孔隙度分量,即每个时间点所测出的孔隙度;右纵坐标表示孔隙度分量累积,即前面所测的所有时间点所测得的孔隙度的累积量;横坐标表示测量时间。根据典型岩样离心前后核磁共振T2谱图,可进一步划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ 3类储层。Ⅰ类储层T2谱曲线呈双峰型,且右峰高于左峰,表明储层以大孔隙为主,孔喉连通性好,储层物性好,如图8(a)所示;Ⅱ类储层T2谱曲线也呈双峰型,且左峰高于右峰,表明储层以中孔隙为主,孔喉连通性中等,储层物性比Ⅰ类储层差,如图8(b)所示;Ⅲ类储层T2谱曲线呈单峰且偏左,表明储层以小孔隙为主,孔喉连通性较差,储层物性差,如图8(c)所示。
储层分类及评价是油气勘探、开发的重要工作,不同勘探、开发阶段对应不同的储层评价对象、内容,储层评价贯穿于勘探开发的全过程,对储层进行合理的分类,是评价储层的基础[16]。主要根据孔隙结构特征及核磁共振实验,应用分形维数对鄂尔多斯盆地中部吴起地区长81储层开展分类评价。
分形理论是20世纪70年代 Mandelbrot创立的非线性数学理论,为了表征复杂图形和复杂过程Mandelbrot首次将其引入自然科学领域;1986年Mandelbrot将分形定义为其是局部和整体有某种方式相似的形,强调图形中局部和整体之间的自相似性[17]。分形理论将复杂的整体分解成无数个自相似的部分,然后通过研究这些部分的重复规律来理解整体的性质。分形理论在表征复杂的多孔介质不规则程度以及自相似性方面具有很好的适用性,描述多孔介质的孔隙结构提供了新的方法[18]
中外的众多学者将分形理论运用于沉积储层方面的研究中,发现常规储层孔隙结构所具有的分形特征,并把分形维数法运用到了定量描述储层微观孔隙结构的过程中[19]。当储集体充填于三维孔隙空间时,孔隙结构具有显著的分形特征,其分形维数大多数介于2~3。分形维数越接近3,表明孔隙结构、分形结构的复杂程度越大,储层非均质性越强,渗透性越差;分形维数越接近2,表明孔隙结构越规则,孔隙表面越光滑;而当分形维数大于3时,则说明该孔隙结构不具有分形特征[20]
在致密砂岩储层孔隙结构的研究中,毛细管束模型是储层地质中常用的砂岩孔隙结构理想模型,常以此为基础计算砂岩的理想孔隙半径,因此假设孔隙为毛细管束模型,那么核磁共振横向弛豫时间[21]可表示为
$\frac{1}{{T}_{2}}=\frac{1}{{T}_{2\mathrm{S}}}={\rho }_{2}\frac{S}{V}$
式(1)中:T2为横向弛豫时间,ms;T2S为岩石表面弛豫时间,ms;${\rho }_{2}$为岩石的横向弛豫强度,μm/ms;S为孔隙表面积,μm2;V为孔隙体积,μm3
当孔隙模型为理想球体时,S/V=3/r,当孔隙为毛细管束模型时,S/V=2/r[22]。因此,式(1)可以表示为
$\frac{1}{{T}_{2}}={\rho }_{2}\frac{c}{r}$
式(2)中:r为孔隙半径,μm;c为常数。
假设表面弛豫率为常数,由此可得T2r成正比,即
$r=c{\rho }_{2}{T}_{2}$
而根据分形理论可知,若样品孔喉具有分形结构,则样品中半径大于r的孔隙数量与孔喉半径之间存在的函数关系[23]可表示为
$N(>r)={\int }_{r}^{{r}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}}}H\left(r\right)\mathrm{d}r=a{r}^{-D}$
式(4)中:N为储层中孔喉数量;${r}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}}$为最大孔隙半径,μm;a为分形系数;H(r)为孔隙半径分布密度函数;D为分形维数。
对式(4)中的r进行求导,可得到孔隙半径分布密度函数H( r)的表达式为
$H\left(r\right)=\frac{\mathrm{d}N(>r)}{\mathrm{d}r}=t{r}^{-D-1}$
式(5)中:t=-Da,为比例常数。
则样品中孔径大于r的孔隙累计体积可表示为
$V(>r)={\int }_{r}^{{r}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}}}H\left(r\right)a{r}^{3}\mathrm{d}r$
式(6)中:孔隙结构一般被认为是理想球体时, a=4π/3。
将式(5)代入式(6)进行积分,得出孔径大于r的孔隙累计体积为
$V(>r)=m({r}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}}^{3-D}-{r}^{3-D})$
同理可得,孔径小于r的孔隙累计体积可表示为
$V(<r)=m({r}^{3-D}-{r}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}}^{3-D})$
式(8)中:${r}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}}$为最小孔隙半径,μm。
因此,储层的孔隙半径小于r的累积体积百分数[24]可以表示为
$V\left(c\right)=\frac{V(<r)}{V(>r)+V(<r)}=\frac{{r}^{3-D}-{r}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}}^{3-D}}{{r}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}}^{3-D}-{r}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}}^{3-D}}$
致密砂岩储层孔隙结构比较复杂,且非均质性 强,${r}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}}\gg {r}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}}$,因此可以忽略最小孔隙半径的影响,则式(9)可简化为
$V\left(c\right)={\left(\frac{r}{{r}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}}}\right)}^{3-D}$
式(10)为致密砂岩储层孔径分布的分形几何公式。
将式(3)代入式(10),横向弛豫时间小于T2的累积体积百分数[18]可以表示为
$V\left(c\right)={\left(\frac{{T}_{2}}{{T}_{2,\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}}}\right)}^{3-D}$
式(11)中:${T}_{2,\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}}$为最大孔隙半径所对应的横向弛豫时间,ms。
为了更直观地得出累计体积百分数V(c)与横向弛豫时间T2之间的关系,对式(11)两边取对数,可得
$lg\left[\mathrm{V}\right(\mathrm{c}\left)\right]=(3-\mathrm{D})lg{T}_{2}-(3-\mathrm{D})lg{T}_{2,\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}}$
由式(12)可知,$\mathrm{l}\mathrm{g}\left[V\right(c\left)\right]$lgT2存在明显的线性关系。根据曲线斜率可以求取岩石孔隙的分形维数,即
$D=3-k$
通过上述方法,将核磁共振实验数据作交会图进行分形研究,如图9所示,其曲线相关拟合度均较高,R2都在0.92以上。可以看出,分形曲线并非直线,而是具有明显拐点的曲线。随着lgT2数值的增大,分形曲线的斜率逐渐减小,即孔隙半径大,分形维数也大,表明大孔的孔隙结构比小孔复杂,非均质性比小孔强,从而呈现出更高的分形维数,由此可以说明孔隙结构具有多重分形特征。根据分形曲线形态可知其表现为阶段式分形结构,而具备此类分形特征的孔隙结构是吴起地区长81储层的主要孔隙类型,表现为三段式,表明大孔、中孔、小孔的发育相对独立。综上所述,将吴起地区长81储层孔隙结构分为3种类型:大孔、中孔、小孔。
小孔、中孔、大孔分别对应不同的分形维数D1D2D3,而总分形维数DT为3类孔隙的分形维数与孔隙度的加权平均[25],可表示为
${D}_{\mathrm{T}}=\frac{{D}_{1}{\varphi }_{1}+{D}_{2}{\varphi }_{2}+{D}_{3}{\varphi }_{3}}{{\varphi }_{1}+{\varphi }_{2}+{\varphi }_{3}}$
式(14)中:${\varphi }_{1}、{\varphi }_{2}、{\varphi }_{3}$分别为小孔、中孔、大孔的孔隙度。
利用核磁共振分形理论计算研究区岩心样的分形维数,可得吴起地区长81储层孔隙结构具有多重分形特征,各岩样的分段分形维数及总分形维数如表2所示。
表2中可以看出,吴起地区长81储层的小孔分形维数分布在2.119 9~2.317 6,平均值为2.215 7;中孔的分形维数分布在2.511 9~2.870 6,平均值为2.701 9;大孔的分形维数分布在2.621 1~2.985 3,平均值为2.9191。总体来看,吴起地区长81储层总分形维数DT分布在2.590 6~2.802 5,平均值为2.755 0,整体分形维数值较大,孔隙结构复杂,储层非均质较强。
同一岩样中大孔的分形维数最大,中孔次之,小孔最小,表明大孔的孔隙结构最为复杂,非均质性最强,小孔的非均质性最弱,中孔的非均质性介于两者之间。
分形维数与储层物性的相关性如图10所示,显示小孔、中孔、大孔的孔隙度与各分段分形维数存在明显的线性相关,且相关性较强,表明孔隙结构对储层物性影响大。
通过对核磁共振实验所得到的样品数据进行分形特征研究,可表征研究区长81致密砂岩储层的孔喉特征,为开展致密砂岩储层综合评价分类提供理论依据。根据计算出的分形维数及其与物性参数的关系得知长81储层微观孔隙结构控制着岩石的物性。因此,根据大孔、中孔、小孔可将长81致密砂岩储层分为3种类型,如表3所示。
Ⅰ类储层:孔隙度普遍大于10%,渗透率普遍大于0.40×1${{0}^{-}}^{3}$ μm2,分形维数分布在2.621 1~2.985 3。大孔最多,中孔和小孔次之。T2谱曲线呈双峰型,且右峰高于左峰,表明储层以大孔隙为主;T2几何均值大于7.17 ms,T2截止值平均值为63.26 ms,核磁孔隙度平均值为7.34%,可动流体饱和度平均值为26.82%。岩石类型以中-细粒砂岩为主,砂岩厚度普遍大于6 m,孔隙类型以粒间溶孔为主,孔喉连通性好,储层质量好,是研究区的优质储层。
Ⅱ类储层:孔隙度大多数介于8~10%,渗透率大多数介于(0.20~0.40)×1${{0}^{-}}^{3}$ μm2,分形维数分布在2.511 9~2.870 6。中孔最多,大孔和小孔次之。T2谱曲线也呈双峰形,且左峰高于右峰,表明储层以中孔隙为主;T2几何均值小于6.87 ms,T2截止值平均值比I类储层大,为79.59 ms,核磁孔隙度平均值和可动流体饱和度平均值均比I类储层小,分别为5.22%、16.75%。岩石类型以中-细粒砂岩为主,砂岩厚度大多数介于4~6 m,孔隙类型以粒间溶孔为主,孔喉连通性中等,储层质量一般,是研究区的较好储层。
Ⅲ类储层:孔隙度普遍小于8%,渗透率普遍小于0.20×1${{0}^{-}}^{3}$ μm2,分形维数分布在2.119 9~2.317 6。以小孔为主,中孔次之,大孔不发育。Ⅲ类储层T2谱曲线呈单峰且偏左,表明储层以小孔隙为主;T2几何均值小于3.24 ms,T2截止值平均值为16.04 ms,核磁孔隙度平均值为5.22%,可动流体饱和度平均值为26.63%。岩石类型以粉-细砂岩为主,砂岩厚度大多数小于2 m,孔隙类型以微孔为主,孔喉连通性较差,储层质量差,是研究区的较差储层。
(1)鄂尔多斯盆地吴起地区长81储层岩石类型主要为细-极细粒岩屑长石砂岩,结构成熟度中等。填隙物主要是黏土矿物、碳酸盐胶结物及硅质胶结物等。黏土矿物中绿泥石含量最高,伊利石次之。原生孔隙不发育,主要发育次生孔隙,其次为构造缝。次生孔隙尤以粒间溶孔最为发育,粒内溶孔主要发育长石溶孔。长81储层面孔率较低,平均面孔率仅为4.9%。
(2)通过核磁共振实验数据计算目的层的分形维数值,结合铸体薄片、扫描电镜等实验资料分析孔隙结构特征及分形维数与储层物性的关系;选用核磁共振T2谱曲线和分形维数对盆地中部吴起地区长81致密砂岩储层进行分类评价,为致密砂岩储层评价提供了一种借鉴的方法。
(3)根据核磁共振T2谱曲线和分形维数将储层分为3类。Ⅰ类储层类分形维数分布在2.621 1~2.985 3,T2谱曲线呈双峰型且右峰高于左峰,以大孔为主;Ⅱ类储层分形维数分布在2.511 9~2.870 6,T2谱曲线呈双峰型且左峰高于右峰,以中孔为主;Ⅲ类储层分形维数分布在2.119 9~2.317 6,T2谱曲线呈单峰且偏左,以小孔为主。从Ⅰ类到Ⅲ类,孔喉连通性、分选性、储层质量均逐渐变差。
  • 国家自然科学基金(42302167)
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[1]
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Deng Haoyang, Sima Liqiang, Wu Wen, et al. Fractal characteristics of pore structure and permeability calculation for tight sandstone reservoirs: a case of Penglaizhen Formation and Shaximiao Formation in western Sichuan Depression[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2018, 30(6): 76-82.
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Liu Kai, Shi Wanzhong, Wang Ren, et al. Pore structure fractal characteristics and its relationship with reservoir properties of the first member of lower Shihezi Formation tight sandstone in Hangjinqi area, Ordos Basin[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2021, 40(1): 57-68.
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Xie Shenghong, Li Wei, Leng Fu, et al. Distribution and controlling factors of movable fluid in tight sandstone reservoir: taking Chang 6 Formation of Huaqing oilfield in Ordos Basin as an example[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2019, 38(5): 105-114.
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Wu Hao, Liu Ruie, Ji Youliang, et al. Fractal characteristics of pore throat of tight gas reservoirs and its relation with percolation: a case from He 8 Member of the Permian Xiashihezi Formation in Ordos Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2017, 35(1): 151-162.
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Ma Liang, Niu Yufei, Gao Liang, et al. Analysis on pore structure characteristics of coal and rock mass based on nuclear magnetic resonance technology and fractal theory[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2024, 20(8): 75-80.
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[25]
吴云飞, 刘成林, 冯小龙, 等. 致密砂岩储层微观结构特征及分类评价——以鄂尔多斯盆地南梁油田长9储层为例[J]. 断块油气田, 2023, 30(2): 246-253, 300.
Wu Yunfei, Liu Chenglin, Feng Xiaolong, et al. Microstructural characteristics and classification evaluation of tight sandstone reservoirs: a case study of the Chang 9 reservoir in the Nanliang oilfield of the Ordos Basin[J]. Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field, 2023, 30(2): 246-253, 300.
2025年第25卷第17期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2407322
  • 接收时间:2024-09-30
  • 首发时间:2025-12-15
  • 出版时间:2025-06-18
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-30
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国家自然科学基金(42302167)
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    1 西安石油大学地球科学与工程学院, 西安 710065
    2 西安石油大学陕西省油气成藏地质学重点实验室, 西安 710065
    3 长庆油田分公司第十采油厂, 庆阳 745100

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*赵永刚(1976—),男,汉族,甘肃泾川人,博士,教授,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:沉积学与储层地质。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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