Article(id=1207343637571150688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1207343627223802520, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406340, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1724342400000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1765782754557, onlineDateStr=2025-12-15, pubDate=1750176000000, pubDateStr=2025-06-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765782754557, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-15, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765782754557, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765782754557, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1207343627223802520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='17', pageStart='7023', pageEnd='7453', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765782752085, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765783816840, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1207348093192872694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1207343627223802520, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1207348093192872695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1207343627223802520, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=7208, endPage=7218, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1207343640079344549, articleId=1207343637571150688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Comprehensive Benefit Evaluation System of New Electricity Load Management System, columnId=1207343634660299413, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers-Electrical Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To comprehensively and deeply analyze the overall benefits of provincial-level construction of new type of power load management system, a study on the comprehensive evaluation system for such systems was conducted. Firstly, an evaluation index system that considers technical, social, environmental, and economic benefits was established. Secondly, the subjective weights of the comprehensive benefits were determined through an improved analytic hierarchy process. Given that the index system encompasses both qualitative and quantitative indicators, the objective weights were determined based on the concept of intuitionistic fuzzy numbers, and the comprehensive weights were determined through cooperative game theory. Finally, the concept of perpendicular distance was introduced to enhance the traditional technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method, thereby improving the accuracy of the evaluation results. By applying the proposed evaluation system to evaluate the construction of new power load management systems in different provinces, the results show that the studied system exhibits strong systematicity, scientificity, accuracy, and feasibility in the comprehensive and multidimensional benefit evaluation of the construction of new power load management systems.

, correspAuthors=Yong-li WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xin-hang WEI, Yu-zhuo ZHANG, Yun-long BAI, Peng WU, Xiao-ming WANG, Yong-li WANG, Liu YANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1207343645359972518, articleId=1207343637571150688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=新型电力负荷管理系统综合效益评价体系, columnId=1156262734506353627, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·电工技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为全面深入分析省级层面建设新型电力负荷管理系统的综合效益,开展了对新型电力负荷管理系统综合评价体系的研究。首先,构建了考虑技术、社会、环境、经济效益的评价指标体系;其次,通过改进层次分析法对综合效益的主观权重进行确定,考虑到指标体系既有定性指标也有定量指标,基于直觉模糊数概念确定客观权重,通过合作博弈理论确定综合权重;最后,引入垂面距离的概念对传统逼近理想解排序(technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution,TOPSIS)方法进行改进,增强了评价结果的精准度。通过应用所提评价体系对不同省份的新型电力负荷管理系统的建设情况进行评价,结果表明:所研究的体系在对新型电力负荷管理系统建设的综合效益及多维度效益评价的过程中,表现出较强的系统性、科学性、精准性及可行性。

, correspAuthors=王永利, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*王永利(1980—),男,汉族,河北石家庄人,博士,教授。研究方向:电力负荷管理、电力需求侧管理。E-mail:
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魏新航(1999—),男,汉族,河南南阳人,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力负荷管理、电力需求侧管理。E-mail:

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魏新航(1999—),男,汉族,河南南阳人,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力负荷管理、电力需求侧管理。E-mail:

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journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343637571150688, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Comprehensive benefit evaluation system of the new electric load management system, figureFileSmall=JS22vSdDuGTKKL6y2HXctQ==, figureFileBig=0mTv6qHw8Cdtk0y3zaiH9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207400175937627114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343637571150688, language=CN, label=图1, caption=新型电力负荷管理系统综合效益评价体系, figureFileSmall=JS22vSdDuGTKKL6y2HXctQ==, figureFileBig=0mTv6qHw8Cdtk0y3zaiH9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207400176084427762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343637571150688, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Comparison of the weights of level 1 indicators under different weighting methods, figureFileSmall=XuDvOjGHEvUv+d8gh7mweA==, figureFileBig=n2/W33EQeanvl2E2KJ85cQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207400176180896760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343637571150688, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同赋权法下一级指标权重对比, figureFileSmall=XuDvOjGHEvUv+d8gh7mweA==, figureFileBig=n2/W33EQeanvl2E2KJ85cQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207400176336086014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343637571150688, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Comparison of the weights of level 2 indicators under different weighting methods, figureFileSmall=P1Un14dgNfvxMpbVN2TUVA==, figureFileBig=YTXShSrk6Xmw+yD3HTsNsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207400176470302723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343637571150688, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同赋权法下二级指标权重对比, figureFileSmall=P1Un14dgNfvxMpbVN2TUVA==, figureFileBig=YTXShSrk6Xmw+yD3HTsNsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207400176549994506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343637571150688, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Comparison of benefit plumbing distances by province, figureFileSmall=4UHaAIZ2ZsU4r+PoMQYjmw==, figureFileBig=/SjEHaHyCOZAHyVun9m6TQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207400176692600849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343637571150688, language=CN, label=图4, caption=各省效益垂面距离对比, figureFileSmall=4UHaAIZ2ZsU4r+PoMQYjmw==, figureFileBig=/SjEHaHyCOZAHyVun9m6TQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207400176789069845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343637571150688, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Evaluation index system of new type of power load management system

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
目标 一级指标 二级指标 类型
新型电力
负荷管理
系统评价
指标体系A
技术
效益A1
通信可靠性A11(↑) 定性
负荷监测能力A12(↑) 定量
需求响应能力A13(↑) 定量
智能化水平A14(↑) 定性
数据存储容量A15(↑) 定量
社会
效益A2
用户满意度A21(↑) 定性
用户用电多元化水平A22(↑) 定性
用户每年平均停电时间A23(↓) 定量
用户每年平均停电次数A24(↓) 定量
环境
效益A3
清洁能源利用率A31(↑) 定量
减少的二氧化碳排放量A32(↑) 定量
减少的二氧化硫排放量A33(↑) 定量
双碳目标落实程度A34(↑) 定性
经济
效益A4
运行费用A41(↓) 定量
年节能费用A42(↓) 定量
平均投资回收期A43(↓) 定量
可避免峰荷容量费用A44(↑) 定量
避免的强行限电成本A45(↑) 定量
), ArticleFig(id=1207400176898121755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343637571150688, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

新型电力负荷管理系统评价指标体系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
目标 一级指标 二级指标 类型
新型电力
负荷管理
系统评价
指标体系A
技术
效益A1
通信可靠性A11(↑) 定性
负荷监测能力A12(↑) 定量
需求响应能力A13(↑) 定量
智能化水平A14(↑) 定性
数据存储容量A15(↑) 定量
社会
效益A2
用户满意度A21(↑) 定性
用户用电多元化水平A22(↑) 定性
用户每年平均停电时间A23(↓) 定量
用户每年平均停电次数A24(↓) 定量
环境
效益A3
清洁能源利用率A31(↑) 定量
减少的二氧化碳排放量A32(↑) 定量
减少的二氧化硫排放量A33(↑) 定量
双碳目标落实程度A34(↑) 定性
经济
效益A4
运行费用A41(↓) 定量
年节能费用A42(↓) 定量
平均投资回收期A43(↓) 定量
可避免峰荷容量费用A44(↑) 定量
避免的强行限电成本A45(↑) 定量
), ArticleFig(id=1207400177065893926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343637571150688, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Indicator comparison scoring sheet

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分数 对上一级别重要程度
1 弱于不太重要
2 不太重要
3 强于不太重要,弱于略微重要
4 略微重要
5 强于略微重要,弱于明显重要
6 明显重要
7 强于明显重要,相当重要弱于
8 相当重要
9 强于相当重要,弱于极其重要
10 极其重要
), ArticleFig(id=1207400177200111662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343637571150688, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

指标对比打分表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分数 对上一级别重要程度
1 弱于不太重要
2 不太重要
3 强于不太重要,弱于略微重要
4 略微重要
5 强于略微重要,弱于明显重要
6 明显重要
7 强于明显重要,相当重要弱于
8 相当重要
9 强于相当重要,弱于极其重要
10 极其重要
), ArticleFig(id=1207400177342718005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343637571150688, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Fuzzy transformation table for rank variables

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
等级 直觉模糊数 隶属度 非隶属度
1 (0.0,1.0) 0.0 1.0
2 (0.1,0.9) 0.1 0.9
3 (0.2,0.8) 0.2 0.8
4 (0.3,0.7) 0.3 0.7
5 (0.4,0.6) 0.4 0.6
6 (0.5,0.5) 0.5 0.5
7 (0.6,0.4) 0.6 0.4
8 (0.7,0.3) 0.7 0.3
9 (0.8,0.2) 0.8 0.2
10 (0.9,0.1) 0.9 0.1
11 (0.1,0.0) 1.0 0.0
), ArticleFig(id=1207400177434992700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343637571150688, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

等级变量模糊转化表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
等级 直觉模糊数 隶属度 非隶属度
1 (0.0,1.0) 0.0 1.0
2 (0.1,0.9) 0.1 0.9
3 (0.2,0.8) 0.2 0.8
4 (0.3,0.7) 0.3 0.7
5 (0.4,0.6) 0.4 0.6
6 (0.5,0.5) 0.5 0.5
7 (0.6,0.4) 0.6 0.4
8 (0.7,0.3) 0.7 0.3
9 (0.8,0.2) 0.8 0.2
10 (0.9,0.1) 0.9 0.1
11 (0.1,0.0) 1.0 0.0
), ArticleFig(id=1207400177548238915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343637571150688, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Weighting table of comprehensive benefit evaluation indexes of the new electric load management system

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
目标层 一级指标 权重指标 二级指标 权重指标
wzj wkj wj wzj wkj wj
新型电力负荷
管理系统建设
项目综合效益
评价指标体系 A
技术效益A1 0.284 7 0.242 3 0.270 1 通信可靠性A11 0.054 4 0.052 1 0.053 6
负荷监测能力A12 0.057 2 0.050 2 0.054 8
需求响应能力A13 0.062 2 0.045 0 0.056 3
智能化水平A14 0.054 4 0.045 1 0.051 2
数据存储容量A15 0.056 5 0.049 9 0.054 2
社会效益A2 0.217 1 0.273 6 0.236 6 用户满意度A21 0.062 3 0.072 6 0.065 9
用户用电多元化水平A22 0.035 8 0.067 8 0.046 9
用户每年平均停电时间A23 0.058 7 0.066 6 0.061 4
用户每年平均停电次数A24 0.060 2 0.066 5 0.062 4
环境效益A3 0.231 3 0.250 6 0.238 0 清洁能源利用率A31 0.063 2 0.056 5 0.060 8
减少的二氧化碳排放量A32 0.053 3 0.062 3 0.056 4
减少的二氧化硫排放量A33 0.054 8 0.0571 0.055 6
双碳目标落实程度A34 0.060 1 0.074 7 0.065 1
经济效益A4 0.266 9 0.233 5 0.255 4 运行费用A41 0.053 1 0.044 7 0.050 2
年节能费用A42 0.058 5 0.046 7 0.054 4
平均投资回收期A43 0.042 4 0.044 2 0.043 0
可避免峰荷容量费用A44 0.055 1 0.047 8 0.052 6
避免的强行限电成本A45 0.057 8 0.050 1 0.055 1
), ArticleFig(id=1207400177707622475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343637571150688, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

新型电力负荷管理系统综合效益评价指标权重表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
目标层 一级指标 权重指标 二级指标 权重指标
wzj wkj wj wzj wkj wj
新型电力负荷
管理系统建设
项目综合效益
评价指标体系 A
技术效益A1 0.284 7 0.242 3 0.270 1 通信可靠性A11 0.054 4 0.052 1 0.053 6
负荷监测能力A12 0.057 2 0.050 2 0.054 8
需求响应能力A13 0.062 2 0.045 0 0.056 3
智能化水平A14 0.054 4 0.045 1 0.051 2
数据存储容量A15 0.056 5 0.049 9 0.054 2
社会效益A2 0.217 1 0.273 6 0.236 6 用户满意度A21 0.062 3 0.072 6 0.065 9
用户用电多元化水平A22 0.035 8 0.067 8 0.046 9
用户每年平均停电时间A23 0.058 7 0.066 6 0.061 4
用户每年平均停电次数A24 0.060 2 0.066 5 0.062 4
环境效益A3 0.231 3 0.250 6 0.238 0 清洁能源利用率A31 0.063 2 0.056 5 0.060 8
减少的二氧化碳排放量A32 0.053 3 0.062 3 0.056 4
减少的二氧化硫排放量A33 0.054 8 0.0571 0.055 6
双碳目标落实程度A34 0.060 1 0.074 7 0.065 1
经济效益A4 0.266 9 0.233 5 0.255 4 运行费用A41 0.053 1 0.044 7 0.050 2
年节能费用A42 0.058 5 0.046 7 0.054 4
平均投资回收期A43 0.042 4 0.044 2 0.043 0
可避免峰荷容量费用A44 0.055 1 0.047 8 0.052 6
避免的强行限电成本A45 0.057 8 0.050 1 0.055 1
), ArticleFig(id=1207400178932359250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343637571150688, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Normalized weighted leveling processing data

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 省A 省B 省C 省D 省E 省F
A11 0.000 -0.002 -0.007 -0.002 -0.011 -0.011
A12 -5.960 -59.630 -17.890 -32.800 0.000 -71.560
A13 0.000 -165.920 -57.130 -44.360 -75.970 -108.180
A14 -77.150 -38.570 -115.720 -77.150 0.000 -77.150
A15 -154.390 -102.920 -102.920 0.000 -51.460 -154.390
A21 0.000 -33.450 -33.450 -66.900 0.000 -66.900
A22 -119.650 0.000 -79.760 0.000 -39.880 -79.760
A23 43.840 103.170 118.640 25.790 30.950 0.000
A24 116.119 84.450 95.006 21.112 0.000 137.231
A31 -144.860 -108.650 -90.540 -72.430 -72.430 0.000
A32 -27.990 -92.670 -130.330 0.000 -141.910 -79.160
A33 -198.930 -136.110 -62.820 0.000 -136.110 -104.700
A34 -90.127 -45.064 -90.127 0.000 -90.127 0.000
A41 0.000 53.266 29.170 73.950 103.654 145.823
A42 48.529 86.179 27.890 57.078 0.000 201.294
A43 28.696 0.000 66.221 86.088 172.175 79.465
A44 -108.550 -158.490 -108.210 0.000 -2.730 -76.050
A45 -2.940 -162.290 0.000 -52.950 -91.960 -19.930
), ArticleFig(id=1207400179041411159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343637571150688, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

规范加权平移处理数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 省A 省B 省C 省D 省E 省F
A11 0.000 -0.002 -0.007 -0.002 -0.011 -0.011
A12 -5.960 -59.630 -17.890 -32.800 0.000 -71.560
A13 0.000 -165.920 -57.130 -44.360 -75.970 -108.180
A14 -77.150 -38.570 -115.720 -77.150 0.000 -77.150
A15 -154.390 -102.920 -102.920 0.000 -51.460 -154.390
A21 0.000 -33.450 -33.450 -66.900 0.000 -66.900
A22 -119.650 0.000 -79.760 0.000 -39.880 -79.760
A23 43.840 103.170 118.640 25.790 30.950 0.000
A24 116.119 84.450 95.006 21.112 0.000 137.231
A31 -144.860 -108.650 -90.540 -72.430 -72.430 0.000
A32 -27.990 -92.670 -130.330 0.000 -141.910 -79.160
A33 -198.930 -136.110 -62.820 0.000 -136.110 -104.700
A34 -90.127 -45.064 -90.127 0.000 -90.127 0.000
A41 0.000 53.266 29.170 73.950 103.654 145.823
A42 48.529 86.179 27.890 57.078 0.000 201.294
A43 28.696 0.000 66.221 86.088 172.175 79.465
A44 -108.550 -158.490 -108.210 0.000 -2.730 -76.050
A45 -2.940 -162.290 0.000 -52.950 -91.960 -19.930
), ArticleFig(id=1207400179146268762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343637571150688, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Calculation of vertical distance for integrated benefits by province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
省级 总效益 技术效益 社会效益 环境效益 经济效益
A 16.558 7 3.312 0 3.300 3 7.265 8 2.680 6
B 20.016 6 3.555 0 2.428 5 6.003 2 6.440 7
C 16.293 4 2.393 9 3.689 1 5.223 3 3.398 0
D 7.472 8 1.824 6 0.998 7 1.049 3 3.600 1
E 15.057 6 1.260 5 0.844 5 6.583 4 5.574 7
F 17.843 5 3.114 6 2.995 5 3.206 3 6.143 3
), ArticleFig(id=1207400179255320671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343637571150688, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

各省综合效益垂面距离计算结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
省级 总效益 技术效益 社会效益 环境效益 经济效益
A 16.558 7 3.312 0 3.300 3 7.265 8 2.680 6
B 20.016 6 3.555 0 2.428 5 6.003 2 6.440 7
C 16.293 4 2.393 9 3.689 1 5.223 3 3.398 0
D 7.472 8 1.824 6 0.998 7 1.049 3 3.600 1
E 15.057 6 1.260 5 0.844 5 6.583 4 5.574 7
F 17.843 5 3.114 6 2.995 5 3.206 3 6.143 3
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新型电力负荷管理系统综合效益评价体系
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魏新航 1 , 张玉琢 2 , 白云龙 3 , 吴鹏 2 , 王小明 3 , 王永利 1, * , 杨柳 1
科学技术与工程 | 论文·电工技术 2025,25(17): 7208-7218
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·电工技术 2025, 25(17): 7208-7218
新型电力负荷管理系统综合效益评价体系
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魏新航1 , 张玉琢2, 白云龙3, 吴鹏2, 王小明3, 王永利1, * , 杨柳1
作者信息
  • 1 华北电力大学经济与管理学院, 北京 102206
  • 2 国网能源研究院有限公司, 北京 102209
  • 3 国网安徽省电力有限公司, 合肥 230022
  • 魏新航(1999—),男,汉族,河南南阳人,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力负荷管理、电力需求侧管理。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*王永利(1980—),男,汉族,河北石家庄人,博士,教授。研究方向:电力负荷管理、电力需求侧管理。E-mail:
Comprehensive Benefit Evaluation System of New Electricity Load Management System
Xin-hang WEI1 , Yu-zhuo ZHANG2, Yun-long BAI3, Peng WU2, Xiao-ming WANG3, Yong-li WANG1, * , Liu YANG1
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
  • 2 State Grid Energy Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 102209, China
  • 3 State Grid Anhui Electric Power Co., Ltd., Hefei 230022, China
出版时间: 2025-06-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406340
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为全面深入分析省级层面建设新型电力负荷管理系统的综合效益,开展了对新型电力负荷管理系统综合评价体系的研究。首先,构建了考虑技术、社会、环境、经济效益的评价指标体系;其次,通过改进层次分析法对综合效益的主观权重进行确定,考虑到指标体系既有定性指标也有定量指标,基于直觉模糊数概念确定客观权重,通过合作博弈理论确定综合权重;最后,引入垂面距离的概念对传统逼近理想解排序(technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution,TOPSIS)方法进行改进,增强了评价结果的精准度。通过应用所提评价体系对不同省份的新型电力负荷管理系统的建设情况进行评价,结果表明:所研究的体系在对新型电力负荷管理系统建设的综合效益及多维度效益评价的过程中,表现出较强的系统性、科学性、精准性及可行性。

新型电力负荷管理系统  /  综合效益评价  /  层次分析法  /  直觉模糊数  /  改进TOPSIS  /  合作博弈

To comprehensively and deeply analyze the overall benefits of provincial-level construction of new type of power load management system, a study on the comprehensive evaluation system for such systems was conducted. Firstly, an evaluation index system that considers technical, social, environmental, and economic benefits was established. Secondly, the subjective weights of the comprehensive benefits were determined through an improved analytic hierarchy process. Given that the index system encompasses both qualitative and quantitative indicators, the objective weights were determined based on the concept of intuitionistic fuzzy numbers, and the comprehensive weights were determined through cooperative game theory. Finally, the concept of perpendicular distance was introduced to enhance the traditional technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method, thereby improving the accuracy of the evaluation results. By applying the proposed evaluation system to evaluate the construction of new power load management systems in different provinces, the results show that the studied system exhibits strong systematicity, scientificity, accuracy, and feasibility in the comprehensive and multidimensional benefit evaluation of the construction of new power load management systems.

new type of power load management system  /  comprehensive benefits evaluation  /  analytic hierarchy process  /  intuitionistic fuzzy number  /  improved TOPSIS  /  cooperative gaming
魏新航, 张玉琢, 白云龙, 吴鹏, 王小明, 王永利, 杨柳. 新型电力负荷管理系统综合效益评价体系. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (17) : 7208 -7218 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406340
Xin-hang WEI, Yu-zhuo ZHANG, Yun-long BAI, Peng WU, Xiao-ming WANG, Yong-li WANG, Liu YANG. Comprehensive Benefit Evaluation System of New Electricity Load Management System[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (17) : 7208 -7218 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406340
在“双碳”目标[1]实现的迫切需求下,兼顾经济环保的高质量发展成为中国能源行业的主要发展方向。但由于高比例新能源的接入[2]以及需求侧波动性的影响,新型电力系统出现“双高[3]、双随机[4-5]”的难题。2023年9月7日,国家发展和改革委员会、国家能源局印发通知,《电力负荷管理办法(2023年版)》自2023年10月1日起施行,明确了新型负荷管理系统的重要地位。电力负荷管理中心受电力主管部门委托,将对多类型主体的效益进行评估,并将结果报告给省级电力运行主管部门,为进一步发展新型电力负荷管理系统优势,国家发展和改革委员会、国家能源局将组织相关部门对各地的电力负荷管理工作情况进行评价。由此可知,建立一套适用于评估新型电力负荷管理系统综合效益的评价体系对践行《电力负荷管理办法(2023年版)》[6]的要求具有重要意义。
但对于新型电力负荷管理系统而言,行业内对其具体的研究较少。文献[7]对电力系统的调控能力进行了肯定;文献[8]把电力负荷管理系统效益分为经济效益和非经济效益,但其中所提到的负荷管理系统概念与新型负荷管理系统概念有一定的区别;文献[9]基于模糊层次分析法-熵权法-逼近理想解排序法,分析系统最优通信方式的选择策略;文献[10]为解决系统通信可靠性的问题,提出了多模态智慧网络的通信组网模型。由此可知,新型电力负荷管理系统的研究多处于技术研究层面[11-12],而对其效益所进行的研究较少,对其建设成果进行效益评价更为少见。
在综合评价体系构建的过程中,需先确定评价指标体系,文献[13]通过建立顾及生态效益和社会效益的沙化土地治理成效评估模型,为其他生态治理成效或生态修复成效评估提供参考,在综合能源系统的综合效益评价体系中,通过建立顾及生态效益和社会效益的沙化土地治理效果评估模型,为生态治理及修复领域提供了借鉴,在对综合能源系统进行效益评价方面;文献[14]着重提到了经济效益、社会效益、环境效益;文献[15]对新型电力系统的发展水平进行了综合评价,把21个指标分为了五类,并区分了核心指标和创新指标;文献[16]把村镇太阳能+生物质能联合供暖系统评价指标体系划分为目标层、准则层、指标层;文献[17]在建立指标体系的过程中考虑到指标定性与定量问题,在权重的确定上,有用单一方法进行权重确定的,也有使用组合的方法确定综合权重;文献[18]采用层次分析法对汽车交流发电机再制造效益进行了分析;文献[19]利用犹豫度对定性指标和定量指标一致化处理,计算客观权重;文献[20]基于G1和改进的CRITIC(criteria importance though intercrieria correlation)权重法得到的权重,与梯形云模型得到的指标确定性相融合,实现对项目效益的综合评价;文献[21]在多类型权重信息不明且复杂的情况下,采用离差最大化的区间直觉模糊优劣解距离法,得到最佳选址点。在评价方法选取上,文献[22]通过灰色模糊综合评价对医疗废物气化低碳技术的综合评价;文献[23]在计算待评价对象理想向量时,利用向量夹角余弦对逼近理想解排序(technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution,TOPSIS)方法进行改进;文献[24]基于前景理论对TOPSIS方法进行改进,并从排序角度对评价方法进行优化;文献[25]基于贝叶斯最优最劣方法,在对综合效益进行评价时,相较于传统方法更加便捷。在对于评价算例的选择,文献[26]以省级数据为基础进行评价,并提出提高能源利用效率建议。基于上述研究可知,国内外缺乏对新型电力负荷管理系统综合效益评价的相关研究,面对不断发展对的新型电力负荷管理系统,亟须开展对新型电力负荷管理系统综合评价体系的研究来支撑发展过程中的决策优化工作。
综上所述,现结合新型电力负荷管理系统综合效益的特点,构建多维评价指标体系,兼顾主观因素与客观因素,并对传统TOPSIS评价模型进行了改进,创新性地提出了一套基于层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process,AHP)、直觉模糊数(intuitionistic fuzzy number,IFN)、TOPSIS的混合方法评价模型的新型电力负荷管理系统综合效益评价体系,以期为考量新型电力负荷管理系统建设情况,提供精细化的评价方法,提升决策工作的精度。
为满足负荷管理工作的需求,实现系统对负荷的精准管理,新型电力负荷管理系统通过先进技术,对用户端的负荷进行监测并实施优化调控,以达到效益最大化的目标。但由于该新兴智能化平台的综合效益及其评价工作的研究鲜见,所以在建立新型电力负荷管理系统综合效益评价指标体系时,需遵循以下原则。
(1)系统性原则。新型电力负荷管理系统综合效益评价需考虑到整个过程的系统性,其中可从不同层面及不同维度进行研究。
(2)科学性原则。新型电力负荷管理系统评价指标体系中包含的指标应客观全面,指标所属关系科学合理,指标有准确含义。
(3)简洁性原则。在充分反映新型电力负荷管理系统的情况下,使用较少的评价指标,避免互相影响的指标同时出现,干扰评价的准确性。
(4)可行性原则。选取新型电力负荷管理系统评价指标可通过测量、计算等方法得到精确数据。
指标的确定有助于对实际情况进行分析[27],依据指标体系建立原则,基于新型电力负荷管理系统综合效益相关指标,将指标体系分为3个层次,分别为省级层次、一级指标层次、二级指标层次,以新型电力负荷管理系统综合效益为评价目标,从技术、社会、环境、经济4个维度设置一级指标,从相关文献中提取并总结出18个二级指标[28-36],保证二级指标覆盖新型电力负荷管理系统的各方面关键要素,可全面地反映出新型电力负荷管理系统的实际运行情况,构建出一套适应新型电力负荷管理系统综合效益评价的指标体系,增强了评价体系的系统性,如表1所示。
通信可靠性:新型电力负荷管理系统在监控、控制和采集数据时通信网络传输信息的连续性、稳定性以及准确性。
负荷监测能力:新型电力负荷管理系统在运行过程中对数据的检测及采集能力,计算公式为
${A}_{12}={P}_{\mathrm{j}}/{P}_{\mathrm{z}}$
式(1)中:A12为负荷监测能力;Pj为新型负荷管理系统监测的负荷值;Pz为实际总负荷值。
需求响应能力:发生需求响应时,新型电力负荷管理系统所能调用的最大负荷量。
智能化水平:新型电力负荷管理系统在自动化和智能化技术应用方面的能力。
数据存储容量:新型电力负荷管理系统中储存设备所能承受的最大数据量。
用户满意度为用户所对省份新型电力负荷管理系统建设及使用情况的满意程度;用户用电多元化水平为新型电力负荷管理系统包含的用电种类,用的电种类越多就越能满足多样化的用能条件;用户每年平均停电时间为一年内单个用户使用新型电力负荷管理系统的平均停电时间;用户每年平均停电次数为单个用户使用新型电力负荷管理系统期间的年均停电次数。
清洁能源利用率为应用新型电力负荷管理系统后新能源发电负荷的利用率,利用率越高对环境的有益程度越大,计算公式为
${A}_{31}=1-({W}_{\mathrm{f}}+{W}_{\mathrm{g}})/{W}_{\mathrm{z}}$
式(2)中:A31为清洁能源利用率;Wf为弃风功率;Wg为弃光功率;Wz为新能源出力总功率。
双碳目标落实程度为应用新型电力负荷管理系统后,实现“碳达峰、碳中和”目标的进展情况。
减少的二氧化碳排放量:应用新型电力负荷管理系统后,全省范围内所减少的二氧化碳排放总量。
减少的二氧化硫排放量:应用新型电力负荷管理系统后,全省范围内所减少二氧化硫的排放总量。
以促进的清洁能源消纳量为依据,每节约1 MW·h电,减少0.581 t二氧化碳排放;根据专家统计,每节约1 kW·h电可以减少0.404 kg标准煤燃烧,相当于减少二氧化硫排放量0.03 kg。
运行费用:新型电力负荷管理系统正常运行期间产生的所有费用,这些费用用于维护和保障其正常运作。
年节能费用:应用新型电力负荷管理系统后,对比未应用前所减少的费用。
平均投资回收期:对新型电力负荷管理系统进行建设后,收回投资成本所需的时间。
可避免峰荷容量费用:采取新型电力负荷管理系统后相对未采用系统减少的峰荷容量成本。
避免的强行限电成本:采取新型电力负荷管理系统后相对未采用系统减少的强行限电成本,计算公式如下。
${A}_{45}=\stackrel{365}{\sum _{d=1}}{C}_{d}$
${C}_{\mathrm{J}}={C}_{\mathrm{y}}-{C}_{\mathrm{j}}$
${N}_{\mathrm{t}}={F}_{\mathrm{t}}/{F}_{\mathrm{s}}$
${C}_{\mathrm{f}\mathrm{h}}={C}_{\mathrm{f}\mathrm{h}\mathrm{q}}-{C}_{\mathrm{f}\mathrm{h}\mathrm{h}}$
${C}_{\mathrm{x}\mathrm{d}}={C}_{\mathrm{x}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{q}}-{C}_{\mathrm{x}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{h}}$
式中:A45为运行新型电力负荷管理系统的年均费用;Cd为系统运行1 d的成本;CJ为采取新型电力负荷管理系统的节能费用;Cy为采取系统前的运行费用;Cj为采取系统后的运行费用;Nt为平均投资回收期;Ft为新型电力负荷管理系统建设费用;Fs为系统每年的收益;Cfh为避免峰荷容量费用;${C}_{\mathrm{f}\mathrm{h}\mathrm{q}}$${C}_{\mathrm{f}\mathrm{h}\mathrm{h}}$分别为采取系统前后的峰荷容量费用;Cxd为避免的强行限电成本;${C}_{\mathrm{x}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{q}}$${C}_{\mathrm{x}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{h}}$分别为采取系统前后的强行限电成本。
新型电力负荷管理系统综合效益评价体系涉及多种复杂因素,提出科学的评价指标体系并应用创新性的研究方法对综合效益进行评价,对推动新型电力负荷管理系统的绿色高质量发展具有深远意义,具体研究思路如图1所示。
传统的单一方法在确定权重的过程中,难以兼顾主客观融合的理念,使得最终呈现的结果缺乏科学性与准确性。在主观层面通过改进的层次分析法(AHP),得到主观权重;在客观层面基于直觉模糊数(IFN),对定量指标和定性指标进行归一化处理,得到客观权重;最后,基于合作博弈的理念,综合考虑主观权重和客观权重特性,以离差最小为目标,得到最优综合权重。
传统AHP常通过指标间的对比,得到指标间相对重要程度的打分,若指标数量为s,则需要比较s2-s次;因新型电力负荷管理系统综合效益评价涉及四个维度的多个指标,使用传统的打分评估方法易发生错误,且数值受主观因素影响较大,导致精确度较低。对AHP进行改进,采用直接对上一层级进行打分的形式,避免了同层次指标间对比的流程,保障了评价的精准性和简约性。
邀请n个来自科研院所、高校等机构的领域内专家,对s个指标上一层的重要程度打分,取打分的平均值Fj,通过构建打分向量矩阵F,计算特征向量X,并确定主观权重wzj,具体步骤如下。
步骤1 为避免指标数量过多导致打分者混淆的情况,改进 AHP 打分规则,不再进行指标间两两比较,而是通过直接打分的形式,将指标对上一级别的影响程度分为10个等级进行打分,如表2所示。
步骤2 根据专家打分的分值,计算指标分值构建打分向量矩阵。
${F}_{j}=\stackrel{n}{\sum _{y=1}}{f}_{yj}/n$
$\mathrm{F}=\left(\begin{array}{llll}1& \frac{{F}_{1}}{{F}_{2}}& \dots & \frac{{F}_{1}}{{F}_{s}}\\ \frac{{F}_{2}}{{F}_{1}}& 1& \dots & \frac{{F}_{2}}{{F}_{s}}\\ ︙& ︙& & ︙\\ \frac{{F}_{s}}{{F}_{1}}& \frac{{F}_{2}}{{F}_{2}}& \dots & 1\end{array}\right)$
式中:fyj为专家y对指标j的评分;Fj为指标j的专家打分平均分;n为专家数量;s为指标数量;F为对比矩阵。
步骤3 计算F的特征向量$X=({x}_{1},{x}_{2},\dots,{x}_{s})$
步骤4 计算主观权重指标向量。
$\begin{array}{l}{{w}^{\mathrm{z}}}_{j}=({w}_{1},{w}_{2},\dots,{w}_{s})=\left({x}_{1}/\stackrel{s}{\sum _{j=1}}{x}_{j},{x}_{2}/\stackrel{s}{\sum _{j=1}}{x}_{j},\dots,{x}_{s}/\stackrel{s}{\sum _{j=1}}{x}_{j}\right)\end{array}$
式(10)中:wzj为第j个指标的主观权重。
由于新型电力负荷管理系统综合效益评价指标体系涉及定量指标和定性指标,故引入直觉模糊数的概念对两类指标进行统一的处理。
IFN作为一种模糊数学的概念,利用概念中的隶属度和非隶属度,将其运用于新型电力负荷管理系统综合效益评价工作,对新型电力负荷管理系统综合效益定量指标和定性指标进行模糊化处理,使两种不同性质的指标数据通过呈现相同表现形式,科学地确定出客观权重。
1)定量指标直觉模糊处理
可以用具体数值衡量的指标,利用直觉模糊数概念对其进行模糊化处理。
正向指标:
${x}_{ij}=({a}_{ij}-\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}{a}_{ij})/(\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}{a}_{ij}-\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}{a}_{ij})$
负向指标:
${x}_{ij}=(\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}{a}_{ij}-{a}_{ij})/(\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}{a}_{ij}-\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}{a}_{ij})$
式中:xij为规范化后的指标;$\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}{a}_{ij}$为指标的最大实际值;$\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}{a}_{ij}$为指标的最小实际值;aiji省指标j的实际值。
引用直觉模糊数的概念,在客观角度对指标进行赋权,通过对指标特性进行分析,不再考虑其犹豫度,仅需确定指标的隶属度和非隶属度,以量化后的指标xij为基础,分别得到其隶属度、非隶属度。
${\mu }_{ij}={x}_{ij}$
${\nu }_{ij}=1-{x}_{ij}$
式中:i为参与评价省份;j为某一省份的指标;${\mu }_{ij}$i省指标j的隶属度;${\nu }_{ij}$i省指标j的非隶属度;${\mu }_{ij}\in \left[\mathrm{0,1}\right]$,${\nu }_{ij}\in \left[\mathrm{0,1}\right]$
2)定性指标直觉模糊处理
搜集报纸、书籍、论文等材料中的客观事实,保证信息数量与信息质量相同,根据具体评判情况确定指标的等级,并建立等级变量模糊转化表,确定指标的直觉模糊数,转化表如表3所示。
以等级3为例,表示10个判定材料中,有2个人认为该指标对上一层有积极作用,8个人认为该指标对上一层起消极作用,直觉模糊数为(0.2,0.8),且$\mu =0.2,\nu =0.8$。通过该方法可得到定性指标的${\mu }_{ij}$${\nu }_{ij}$,其与定量指标中的表述相同。
3)确定客观权重
确定直觉模糊数的熵为Aij,并根据直觉模糊数的熵,计算出各指标的平均直觉模糊熵Aj
${A}_{ij}=(1-{\left|{\mu }_{ij}-{\nu }_{ij}\right|}^{2})/2$
${A}_{j}=\frac{1}{e}\stackrel{e}{\sum _{i=1}}{A}_{ij}$
式中:Aij为第i个评价方案中指标j的直觉模糊熵;e为参与评价方案的数量;Aj为各省份对于指标e的平均模糊熵。
通过Aj计算各属性的客观权重,表达式为
${{w}^{\mathrm{k}}}_{j}=(1-{A}_{j})/\stackrel{n}{\sum _{j=1}}(1-{A}_{j})$
式(17)中:wkj为客观权重。
考虑到主观权重的灵活性和客观权重反映出的真实性,同时避免主观赋权与客观赋权过于绝对所带来的偏差,基于改进AHP法确定的主观权重wzj和基于IFN确定的客观权重wkj,确定综合权重wj
基于主观权重和客观权重的具体数值,设置线性组合,主观权重系数为a,客观权重系数为b
${w}_{j}=a{{w}^{\mathrm{z}}}_{j}+b{{w}^{\mathrm{k}}}_{j}$
在博弈理论基础上,对上述的线性组合系数进行优化,并得出最优权重,随后利用矩阵微分的原理,对目标函数进行转换,使其成为由最优化问题的一阶导数条件构成的线性方程组,表达式为
$\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\Vert {w}_{j}-{w}_{j}^{u}{\Vert }_{2},u=\mathrm{z},\mathrm{k}$
$ \left[\begin{array}{l} a \\ b \end{array}\right]=\left(\begin{array}{ll} \boldsymbol{w}_{j}^{\mathrm{z}} \boldsymbol{w}_{j}^{\mathrm{zT}} & \boldsymbol{w}_{j}^{\mathrm{z}} \boldsymbol{w}_{j}^{\mathrm{kT}} \\ \boldsymbol{w}_{j}^{\mathrm{k}} \boldsymbol{w}_{j}^{\mathrm{zT}} & \boldsymbol{w}_{j}^{\mathrm{k}} \boldsymbol{w}_{j}^{\mathrm{kT}} \end{array}\right)^{-1}\binom{\boldsymbol{w}_{j}^{\mathrm{z}} \boldsymbol{w}_{j}^{\mathrm{zT}}}{\boldsymbol{w}_{j}^{\mathrm{k}} \boldsymbol{w}_{j}^{\mathrm{kT}}}$
式中:wj为指标j的综合权重。
求解最优化线性方程组:对ab进行归一化处理,基于合作博弈理论,得到最优的线性组合系数a*b*,进而计算出优化后的综合权重。
${a}^{\mathrm{*}}=a\left(a+b\right)$
${b}^{\mathrm{*}}=b\left(a+b\right)$
${w}_{j}={a}^{\mathrm{*}}{{w}^{\mathrm{z}}}_{j}+{b}^{\mathrm{*}}{{w}^{\mathrm{k}}}_{j}$
考虑对不同省份的新型电力负荷管理系统的综合效益进行评价,故选用可用于评价多个对象的TOPSIS。相比较于其他综合评价方法,TOPSIS方法能够综合考虑多个评价指标,通过计算各方案与理想解和负理想解的相对接近度来进行排序,从而得出综合最优解,这种方法在处理多属性决策问题时具有高度的有效性,能够全面评估各方案的优劣,并且原理简单,计算过程相对于模糊综合评价法等较为复杂的评价方法来说更加直观易懂。同时,考虑到新型电力负荷管理系统的建设工作的重要程度,选取TOPSIS能够准确地评估每个决策方案的优劣程度,便于决策者进行精细化的决策工作。
TOPSIS作为一种决策分析方法,通常基于差异方案的欧式距离计算相对贴近度,以贴近度大小为依据选取最优方案。但实际案例中,欧式距离不考虑数据点在不同维度上的分布,这可能导致对某些维度的过度重视,而忽略了其他维度。考虑到新型电力负荷管理系统综合效益的多维评价功能,对TOPSIS模型进行改进,以更能体现全面性的垂面距离Di评价方案之间的优劣性,提高评价的科学性。
(1)构造加权规范化评价矩阵H=(hij)e×s
${h}_{ij}={a}_{ij}/\sqrt{\stackrel{e}{\sum _{i=1}}{a}_{ij}^{2}}$
(2)对规范化矩阵进行加权处理,得到矩阵R=(rij)e×s,并确定出矩阵的正理想解R+
${r}_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{j}}={w}_{j}{h}_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{j}}$
${R}^{+}=({r}_{1}^{+},{r}_{2}^{+},\dots,{r}_{e}^{+}),{r}_{j}^{+}=(\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}{\mu }_{ij},\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}{\nu }_{ij})$
(3)为简化计算步骤,将R=(rij)e×s平移得到Z=(zij)e×s,使正理想解为${Z}^{+}=(\mathrm{0,0},\dots,0)$,负理想解Z-和待评价方案zij也随之进行平移。
${z}_{ij}={r}_{ij}-{R}_{j}^{+},i=\mathrm{1,2},\dots,e$
${Z}_{j}^{-}=\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}{z}_{ij},i=\mathrm{1,2},\dots,e$
(4)计算待评价方案到正理想解的垂面距离。
${D}_{i}=\left|({Z}_{j}^{+}-{Z}_{j}^{-})({Z}_{j}^{+}-{z}_{ij})\right|$
${D}_{i}=\left|{Z}^{-}{Z}_{i}\right|=\stackrel{s}{\sum _{j=1}}{Z}_{j}^{-}{z}_{ij}$
基于垂面距离对各层次方案进行评价,Di越小,表示评价方案越优,反之亦然。
为响应国家政策,解决现存问题,在电力运行主管部门指导下,电网企业正有序地开展新型电力负荷管理系统的构建与运行工作。通过研究新型电力负荷管理系统综合效益评价体系,对A、B、C、D、E、F共6个省份新型电力负荷管理系统应用情况进行分析并评价,有助于全面新型电力负荷管理系统的建设应用,指导下阶段的决策工作。
算例从两个方面入手,对6个省份新型电力负荷管理系统相关数据进行提取,使用上述方法对建设新型电力负荷管理系统的综合效益进行评价,更加直观且具体地观察到每个层面的效益情况,第一方面对各省新型电力负荷管理系统建设的综合效益进行评价,第二方面则对各省之间相同一级指标进行对比分析,致力于构建一套完整、有效、可行的新型电力负荷管理系统综合效益评价体系。
邀请十位电力负荷管理领域内的专家,根据对A、B、C、D、E、F共6个省份新型电力负荷管理系统建设情况的主观感受,对各指标相对上一层的重要程度进行打分,其中2名技术经济领域专家、2名电力市场与政策领域的专家、2名电力系统及自动化领域专家、2名电力电子技术领域的专家以及2名电力需求侧管理领域专家;利用MATLAB软件并基于改进后AHP对一级指标和二级指标的打分情况进行处理,求解出各指标的主观权重,所得结果如表4中的wzj所示。
基于IFN的概念及相应计算公式对各级指标客观权重进行计算,结果如表4中的wkj所示。
将主观权重wzj与客观权重wkj代入式(19)中,并形成的相应程序,计算得:a=0.658 9,b=0.346 9,进行归一化处理得到a*=0.655 1,b*=0.344 9;通过式(19)~式(23)计算可得到最优综合权重,如表4中的wj所示。图2图3分别对不同赋权法下的权重进行可视化展示。
图2可知,将4个一级指标维度效益的综合权重从大到小依次进行排序,其顺序为技术效益、经济效益、环境效益、社会效益,这表明技术效益和经济效益在新型电力负荷管理系统综合效益有着重要地位,4个维度之间基于改进后AHP计算的主观权重与综合权重更为接近。
在综合权重中,A21用户满意度和A34双碳目标落实程度的权重较大,说明其在应用中的重要程度;对比3条曲线走势可以发现,二级指标的综合权重曲线虽受主观权重的影响而波动,但客观权重对其的这种波动有一定的抑制作用,如图3所示。
研究所求得优化后的综合权重,相较于运用单一的主观赋权方式或者客观赋权方式所得的权重更具优势,有效规避了因权重值过度主观或者客观,而导致的评价结果与实际偏差较大的弊端。
通过TOPSIS评价模型对6个省级新型电力负荷管理系统综合效益进行全面的评价,经过式(24)~式(28)计算,对原始数据进行规范加权处理,进而平移得到Z=(zij)e×s,如表5所示。
通过式(29)和式(30)计算得各省总效益与高维度效益的垂面距离,如表6所示。通过对垂面距离的分析可以总结出方案的优劣。
根据垂面距离的数值大小,考虑到垂面距离与方案的优劣呈反比的特性,可以对6个省份进行排序,由表6可知,省D>省E>省C>省A>省F>省B。省D的总效益情况最好,省B总效益情况最差。图4展示了各省的总效益与各维度效益垂面距离对比,由图4分析可得:省A在经济效益维度良好,环境效益表现较差。其他各省在社会效益维度均表现良好。省B、省E与省F经济效益较差。技术效益维度各个省均表现一般。
通过分析可知,在新型电力负荷管理系统建设过程中,省B需加强新型电力负荷管理系统整体的建设工作,各省应认真学习省D在各领域的良好成效;社会效益和经济效益指标均为各省份的短板,在社会效益方面,下一步应尽可能减少年平均停电时间和次数,使电力供需保持平衡,提高用户的满意度;在经济效益方面,应着重考虑年节能费用以及强行限电成本,通过电价政策、需求响应等提升经济效益。在技术效益方面表现良好,下一步应继续提高系统的需求响应能力和数据存储容量,对于复杂的负荷需求有充分灵活的应对能力,以此增强新型负荷管理系统的应激性。在环境效益方面,应保持现有水平,综合多方面因素,致力于提高建设项目的环境效益。
为支撑中国各省贯彻落实《电力负荷管理办法(2023年版)》的工作要求,针对省间新型电力负荷管理系统的综合效益,在指标选取、权重确定、模型改进、算力分析4个方面开展研究,构建了高度适应于该领域研究的创新评价体系,得到以下结论。
(1)在指标选取方面,从技术、社会、环境、经济效益4个维度入手,建立新型电力负荷管理系统综合效益评价指标体系,保障了综合评价指标体系的系统性。
(2)在权重确定方面,分别通过改进AHP法和IFN概念求解主观权重及客观权重,再通过合作博弈的思想计算指标的综合权重,提升了指标权重计算的科学性。
(3)在模型改进方面,选取TOPSIS方法对新型电力负荷管理系统的综合效益进行评价,引入垂面距离的概念替换传统TOPSIS中的欧氏距离,增加了评价结果的精准性。
(4)在算例分析方面,基于新型电力负荷管理系统综合效益评价体系,对6个省份的新型电力负荷管理系统的建设情况分析,既可以对综合效益进行评价,还可以对不同省份的相同维度的效益进行对比,验证了综合效益评价体系的可行性。
  • 国家电网公司总部科技项目(5108-202218280A-2-378-XG)
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2025年第25卷第17期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406340
  • 接收时间:2024-08-23
  • 首发时间:2025-12-15
  • 出版时间:2025-06-18
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-23
基金
国家电网公司总部科技项目(5108-202218280A-2-378-XG)
作者信息
    1 华北电力大学经济与管理学院, 北京 102206
    2 国网能源研究院有限公司, 北京 102209
    3 国网安徽省电力有限公司, 合肥 230022

通讯作者:

*王永利(1980—),男,汉族,河北石家庄人,博士,教授。研究方向:电力负荷管理、电力需求侧管理。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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