Article(id=1207343634513502963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1207343627223802520, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404870, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1719590400000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1765782753828, onlineDateStr=2025-12-15, pubDate=1750176000000, pubDateStr=2025-06-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765782753828, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-15, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765782753828, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765782753828, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1207343627223802520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='17', pageStart='7023', pageEnd='7453', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765782752085, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765783816840, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1207348093192872694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1207343627223802520, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1207348093192872695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1207343627223802520, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=7337, endPage=7343, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1207343636170253115, articleId=1207343634513502963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Creep and Recovery Characteristics of Composite Geomembranes under Cyclic Loading, columnId=1207343635973120817, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers-Hydraulic Engineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The prediction of dynamic stress-strain relationship of composite geomembrane is one of the key problems involved in the long-term operation of seepage prevention projects of earth-rock dams. In order to study the effect of cyclic loading on the stress and strain of the composite geomembrane, cyclic loading and unloading tests were carried out under three different stress levels of 10%, 20% and 30%, and the creep tests under 10% to 80% stress levels were carried out to compare and analyze the creep and creep recovery characteristics of the composite geomembrane. The expression of strain under cyclic loading and accumulation condition was presented, and the constitutive model of composite geomembrane boundary surface under cyclic loading condition was constructed. The results show that the deformation of composite geomembrane increases instantaneously at the moment of loading and unloading, and then gradually slows down with the increase of time. After complete unloading, when the stress level is less than 30%, the deformation of the composite geomembrane can almost recover. When the stress level is greater than or equal to 40%, the residual deformation increases gradually with the increase of the stress level. The effect of cyclic loading times on the creep deformation of geomembrane is not a simple linear relationship. In addition, an improved three-parameter viscoelastic model was established, and it is verified that the model can reproduce the creep recovery process of composite geomembrane under different load levels. The research results can provide a reference for the long-term deformation analysis of composite geomembrane in earth-rock dams.

, correspAuthors=Wu YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Shu-han MA, Xiao-lin LI, Wu YANG, Liang LIU, Hai-hua YANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1207343654033793840, articleId=1207343634513502963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=循环荷载下复合土工膜的蠕变及恢复特性, columnId=1156262735810777459, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·水利工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

复合土工膜的动应力应变关系预测是土石坝防渗工程长期运营涉及的关键问题之一。为研究循环荷载作用对复合土工膜应力应变的影响,开展了10%、20%、30%共3个不同应力水平下循环加载-卸载试验,并进行10%~80%应力水平下复合土工膜的蠕变试验,对比分析其蠕变和蠕变恢复特性,提出了循环加载累积条件下应变的表达式,构建了循环加载条件下复合土工膜边界面的本构模型。研究结果表明:复合土工膜在加载和卸载的瞬间,变形量会瞬时增加,之后会随着时间的增长而逐渐变缓;完全卸载后,当应力水平低于30%时,复合土工膜变形几乎能恢复;当应力水平大于等于40%时,随着应力水平的增加,残余变形逐渐增大。循环加载次数对土工膜蠕变变形的影响并不是呈简单的线性关系;此外,建立了改进的三参数黏弹模型,并验证了该模型能够较好地复现复合土工膜在不同荷载水平下的蠕变恢复过程。研究成果可为复合土工膜在土石坝中的长期变形分析提供参考依据。

, correspAuthors=杨武, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*杨武(1991—),男,汉族,四川南充人,博士,工程师,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:水利工程岩土与建材。E-mail:
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马书涵(2001—),女,汉族,河南开封人,硕士研究生。研究方向:水工结构与合成材料。E-mail:

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Tensile mechanical properties

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产品
名称
屈服强度/
(kN·m-1)
断裂强度/
(kN·m-1)
屈服
应变/%
断裂
应变/%
土工布 20.50 46.70
HDPE
土工膜
7.83 9.58 38.24 919.04
复合
土工膜
5.97 26.22 5.31 63.32
), ArticleFig(id=1207343664209175001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343634513502963, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

拉伸力学特性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产品
名称
屈服强度/
(kN·m-1)
断裂强度/
(kN·m-1)
屈服
应变/%
断裂
应变/%
土工布 20.50 46.70
HDPE
土工膜
7.83 9.58 38.24 919.04
复合
土工膜
5.97 26.22 5.31 63.32
), ArticleFig(id=1207343664385335774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343634513502963, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of creep strain, creep recovery strain and residual strain

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
应力水平/% 蠕变应变/% 蠕变恢复应变/% 残余应变/%
10 1.02 0.97 0.04
20 2.27 2.13 0.14
30 4.09 3.32 0.77
40 8.80 6.62 2.17
50 11.31 8.24 3.07
60 14.08 9.81 4.27
70 18.12 12.62 5.49
80 22.46 14.62 7.84
), ArticleFig(id=1207343664498581994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343634513502963, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

蠕变应变、蠕变恢复应变及残余应变对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
应力水平/% 蠕变应变/% 蠕变恢复应变/% 残余应变/%
10 1.02 0.97 0.04
20 2.27 2.13 0.14
30 4.09 3.32 0.77
40 8.80 6.62 2.17
50 11.31 8.24 3.07
60 14.08 9.81 4.27
70 18.12 12.62 5.49
80 22.46 14.62 7.84
), ArticleFig(id=1207343665719124466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343634513502963, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Parameter values of viscoelastic model of composite geomembrane with three parameters

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应力水平/% E1/MPa E2/MPa η1/ (MPa·h)
10 2.150 1.510 9.800
20 1.709 1.520 8.020
30 1.517 1.560 4.000
40 0.874 1.250 2.600
50 0.785 1.500 4.010
60 0.811 1.450 3.200
70 0.777 1.190 3.800
80 0.780 1.140 4.300
), ArticleFig(id=1207343665853342202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343634513502963, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

复合土工膜三参数黏弹性模型参数值

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应力水平/% E1/MPa E2/MPa η1/ (MPa·h)
10 2.150 1.510 9.800
20 1.709 1.520 8.020
30 1.517 1.560 4.000
40 0.874 1.250 2.600
50 0.785 1.500 4.010
60 0.811 1.450 3.200
70 0.777 1.190 3.800
80 0.780 1.140 4.300
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循环荷载下复合土工膜的蠕变及恢复特性
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马书涵 1, 2 , 李晓林 1, 2 , 杨武 1, 2, * , 刘亮 1, 2 , 杨海华 1, 2
科学技术与工程 | 论文·水利工程 2025,25(17): 7337-7343
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·水利工程 2025, 25(17): 7337-7343
循环荷载下复合土工膜的蠕变及恢复特性
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马书涵1, 2 , 李晓林1, 2, 杨武1, 2, * , 刘亮1, 2, 杨海华1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052
  • 2 新疆水工岩土与结构工程技术研究中心, 乌鲁木齐 830052
  • 马书涵(2001—),女,汉族,河南开封人,硕士研究生。研究方向:水工结构与合成材料。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*杨武(1991—),男,汉族,四川南充人,博士,工程师,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:水利工程岩土与建材。E-mail:
Creep and Recovery Characteristics of Composite Geomembranes under Cyclic Loading
Shu-han MA1, 2 , Xiao-lin LI1, 2, Wu YANG1, 2, * , Liang LIU1, 2, Hai-hua YANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
  • 2 Xinjiang Hydraulic Engineering Geotechnical and Structural Engineering Technology Research Center, Urumqi 830052, China
出版时间: 2025-06-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404870
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复合土工膜的动应力应变关系预测是土石坝防渗工程长期运营涉及的关键问题之一。为研究循环荷载作用对复合土工膜应力应变的影响,开展了10%、20%、30%共3个不同应力水平下循环加载-卸载试验,并进行10%~80%应力水平下复合土工膜的蠕变试验,对比分析其蠕变和蠕变恢复特性,提出了循环加载累积条件下应变的表达式,构建了循环加载条件下复合土工膜边界面的本构模型。研究结果表明:复合土工膜在加载和卸载的瞬间,变形量会瞬时增加,之后会随着时间的增长而逐渐变缓;完全卸载后,当应力水平低于30%时,复合土工膜变形几乎能恢复;当应力水平大于等于40%时,随着应力水平的增加,残余变形逐渐增大。循环加载次数对土工膜蠕变变形的影响并不是呈简单的线性关系;此外,建立了改进的三参数黏弹模型,并验证了该模型能够较好地复现复合土工膜在不同荷载水平下的蠕变恢复过程。研究成果可为复合土工膜在土石坝中的长期变形分析提供参考依据。

复合土工膜  /  循环荷载  /  蠕变  /  蠕变恢复  /  三参数黏弹模型

The prediction of dynamic stress-strain relationship of composite geomembrane is one of the key problems involved in the long-term operation of seepage prevention projects of earth-rock dams. In order to study the effect of cyclic loading on the stress and strain of the composite geomembrane, cyclic loading and unloading tests were carried out under three different stress levels of 10%, 20% and 30%, and the creep tests under 10% to 80% stress levels were carried out to compare and analyze the creep and creep recovery characteristics of the composite geomembrane. The expression of strain under cyclic loading and accumulation condition was presented, and the constitutive model of composite geomembrane boundary surface under cyclic loading condition was constructed. The results show that the deformation of composite geomembrane increases instantaneously at the moment of loading and unloading, and then gradually slows down with the increase of time. After complete unloading, when the stress level is less than 30%, the deformation of the composite geomembrane can almost recover. When the stress level is greater than or equal to 40%, the residual deformation increases gradually with the increase of the stress level. The effect of cyclic loading times on the creep deformation of geomembrane is not a simple linear relationship. In addition, an improved three-parameter viscoelastic model was established, and it is verified that the model can reproduce the creep recovery process of composite geomembrane under different load levels. The research results can provide a reference for the long-term deformation analysis of composite geomembrane in earth-rock dams.

composite geomembrane  /  cyclic loading  /  creep  /  creep recovery  /  three parameter viscoelastic constitutive model
马书涵, 李晓林, 杨武, 刘亮, 杨海华. 循环荷载下复合土工膜的蠕变及恢复特性. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (17) : 7337 -7343 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404870
Shu-han MA, Xiao-lin LI, Wu YANG, Liang LIU, Hai-hua YANG. Creep and Recovery Characteristics of Composite Geomembranes under Cyclic Loading[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (17) : 7337 -7343 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404870
复合土工膜具有较强的适应变形的能力、较强的防渗性能、施工方便、较低的造价等优点,广泛应用于水库大坝[1]、填埋场[2]、地基加固[3]等工程中,在诸多筑坝工程中,因渗透系数较大,需要铺设土工膜进行全库盘防渗[4]。复合土工膜在水库大坝中作防渗体时会受到覆盖层自重、风压力、水压力等长期应力作用使其内部结构产生应力松弛和变形,即复合土工膜产生蠕变[5]。随着水位的下降,库盘、库底复合土工膜所受外界的压力会开始有所降低,土工膜产生回缩,表现为蠕变恢复现象。工程投入使用时,土工膜不可避免地会受到反复加载、卸载作用,会使其强度减弱,性能降低,进而影响工程结构的安全性和稳定性[6]
现已有不少学者开展了有关土工合成材料的蠕变试验。李丹等[7]研制了顶压蠕变试验装置对MirafiPET1300土工织物进行了CBR(California bearing ratio)圆形顶破试验以及3种荷载水平下的圆形顶压蠕变试验,得出顶压蠕变折减系数要比常规拉伸折减系数大。汪泽幸等[8]研究应力回复对膜材料产生的影响,对聚氯乙烯(polyvinyl chloride,PVC)涂层膜进行应力回复试验,发现小应力回复量时,蠕变特征和蠕变量均受影响,较高应力回复量时,膜材出现逆蠕变行为。敬凌霄[9]对聚乙烯涂层四轴向经编织物增强膜开展了7 h蠕变和7 h蠕变回复实验,发现试样的应力越大,应变越多,蠕变应变的两部分:黏弹性应变和黏塑性应变的变化与试样的裁切角度有关,有纤维增强的方向黏弹性应变更明显。岑威钧等[10]通过对3种厚度及6种应力水平下的高密度聚乙烯(high density polyethylene,HDPE)土工膜开展为期100 h的蠕变试验及100 h的蠕变恢复试验,对加、卸载后性能进行研究,发现土工膜蠕变存在稳定阶段和恒速阶段,建立了改进的蠕变联合模型。韩华欣等[11]基于既有土工合成材料筋材蠕变试验结果及蠕变特性分析,构建了考虑蠕变及温度耦合效应的本构模型。许珊珊等[12]采用了5种不同的初始拉伸速度,对聚四氟乙烯(polytetrafluoroethylene,PTFE)膜材开展了5种温度下的单轴应力松弛试验,发现温度越高,应力松弛速度越快,最终稳定应力越大;初始拉伸速度与稳定应力值成反比。Peng等[13]提出了一种一维分析模型用于分析污染物在土工膜隔离墙的扩散情况。Ewais 等[14]研究了HDPE土工膜暴露在空气、水和渗滤液环境中的产生的变化。李勇等[15]发现随着荷载的增加,棉纤维的蠕变恢复量也增加,并引入了五元件模型对棉纤维的应力松弛进行研究。梁小勇等[16]探究了循环动载作用下土工格栅-砂土界面特性,发现循环动荷载频率和幅值水平均与土工格栅峰值拉拔力呈现正向相关性。
现有蠕变恢复研究主要集中在膜材料、纤维、土工格栅等方面,对复合土工膜减载后蠕变恢复现象的研究较少。然而,在实际工程应用中,复合土工膜所受的载荷不可避免地会发生变化,往往是在加载或卸载阶段,导致复合土工膜产生永久变形,影响其耐久性。基于此,对复合土工膜开展10%~80%共八级应力水平下的蠕变与蠕变恢复试验及10%、20%、30%三级应力水平下的三次循环加载试验,探讨复合土工膜在不同荷载水平下、不同加载次数下蠕变和蠕变恢复规律,建立复合土工膜黏弹性性能的力学模型,以期为确保相关工程的安全提供理论指导。
试验所用复合土工膜为高密度聚乙烯膜(HDPE),土工布为聚丙烯长丝纺黏非织造布,膜厚0.5 mm,布面密度为200 g/mm2。根据《土工合成材料测试规程》(SL 235—2012)[17]规定,对该土工膜采用万能试验机开展拉伸实验,得到复合土工膜的各拉伸指标如表1所示。
将复合土工膜在环境温度为(20±2) ℃下通过土工合成材料蠕变试验仪开展试验,蠕变试验共采取八级应力水平,2组平行试验,应力水平分别为10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%及80%。循环加载试验共采取10%、20%、30%三级应力水平,2组平行试验,3次循环。经过96 h的室内蠕变试验后,在卸载前用游标卡尺对复合土工膜试验段进行测量,长度记为L1,应变值记为ε1;将每个复合土工膜于30 s内卸载完成,之后将其平铺在桌面上,用游标卡尺测量试验段长度,记为Lt,并分别于30 s、1 min、2 min、5 min、10 min、20 min、30 min、1 h、2 h、3 h、5 h、9 h、18 h、24 h、48 h至96 h各测一次。
根据测量结果计算伸长量与初始长度的比值,即为残余应变,计算公式为
${\epsilon }_{t}=({L}_{t}-{L}_{0})/{L}_{0}\times 100\mathrm{\%}$
式(1)中:εtt时刻的残余应变,%;L0为蠕变试验开始前测试段的初始长度,mm;Ltt时刻测量时的长度,mm。
复合土工膜在经过了96 h蠕变试验及96 h蠕变恢复试验后,分析其数据得出蠕变曲线和蠕变恢复曲线图,分别如图1图2所示。
图1可知,复合土工膜蠕变初始时刻变形明显,随着时间的增长,变形逐渐趋于平缓。由下至上第一、二、三条曲线分别为10%、20%和30%应力水平曲线,观察可知,此3种应力水平比其余几种更早出现平缓段,蠕变较快的稳定在1.02%、2.27%以及4.09%。而在40%应力水平作用下,蠕变量稳定于8.80%,与前三者相比,增长幅度较大。应力水平高于40%时,蠕变量的增长幅度继续增加,且平缓段出现较晚,并于96 h后仍可能继续增长。
图2为30 s内迅速卸载后96 h内的蠕变恢复曲线,可知,不同应力水平下复合土工膜在卸载瞬间,变形较大,10%、20%及30%时应变较快恢复至平稳期,但与其余应力水平差别并不显著。各应力水平下的复合土工膜几乎均于20 h后出现平稳期。
对比分析复合土工膜八级应力水平下96 h的蠕变、恢复应变及残余应变,如表2所示,其中残余应变为蠕变应变与蠕变恢复应变之差。
当10%~30%应力水平时,蠕变应变与蠕变恢复应变相差较小,10%及20%应力水平下更为接近,这说明在较低应力水平下,一次加载卸载后复合土工膜的变形并不明显,几乎能恢复原貌;当应力水平为30%及更高时,残余变形随应力水平的增大而增大,一次加载卸载后蠕变恢复应变所占蠕变应变(即总应变)的比例分别为81.21%、75.28%、72.88%、69.64%、69.67%、65.09%,总体上呈降低的趋势,这表明较高应力水平下,随着应力水平的增加,一次加载卸载后复合土工膜的永久变形越大,即蠕变恢复变形逐渐降低。绘制各应力水平下的蠕变恢复应变所占蠕变应变(总应变)的比例趋势图如图3所示。
为探究循环加载下复合土工膜的蠕变及蠕变恢复情况,对膜尺寸6 cm×3 cm、0.5 cm厚的土工膜做对比试验,选取一组做10%~30%共3级应力水平下191 h的拉伸试验,由于10%及20%应力水平下,卸载后复合土工膜的变形几乎能完全恢复,复合土工膜内部几乎不发生变化,循环荷载下蠕变情况暂不考虑,故对照组做20%及30%两级应力拉伸,记录变形量,根据数据绘出图4~图10,分析加载次数、应力水平和时间三者对土工膜变形产生的影响。
图4~图6可见,土工膜3次加载情况下,规律均呈现为随加载时间的增加,蠕变变形先于短时间内骤增,而后逐渐趋于平缓,而应力水平越高,蠕变变形越大。
选取第一次加载0.5、3、9、12、124 h数据作应力-变形曲线,见图7,同一应力水平下,土工膜变形随时间增大而增大,0.5 h和3 h内变形明显。同一时间下,变形随应力水平增加而增加,124 h变形更明显,表明时间越长,蠕变变形越大。
图8~图10可见,应力水平为10%时,蠕变变形随加载次数增加而增加,0.008 h时第二次加载变形率最大,低应力水平下短时加载变形率随加载次数的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势,而加载时间较长时变形率随加载次数增大而增大;应力水平为20%时,蠕变变形基本上随加载次数增加而增加,第二次加载复合土工膜蠕变变形较第一次变化缓慢,而第三次加载变形较大,变形率高;应力水平为30%时,与原始试样相比,蠕变变形随加载次数增大而呈现先显著增大后缓慢增大的趋势,第二次加载时,复合土工膜蠕变变形更大。
根据复合土工膜蠕变恢复曲线图,卸荷瞬间土工膜产生瞬间变形,且变形剧烈,但在卸载10 h后,与加荷不同,由于没有外界因素干扰,蠕变恢复会很小。在长期蠕变量变化缓慢的情形中,宜采用改进的三参数黏弹模型来拟合复合土工膜的蠕变恢复变形。该三参数黏弹模型由两个弹簧元件和Kelvin体串联组成,如图11所示。
复合土工膜的总变形为
$\epsilon ={\epsilon }_{1}+{\epsilon }_{2}={\sigma }_{\mathrm{c}}/{E}_{1}+{\sigma }_{\mathrm{c}}/{E}_{2}(1-{\mathrm{e}}^{-t{E}_{2}/{\eta }_{1}})$
根据岑威钧等[18]可知,在t1时刻,土工膜的蠕变恢复表现为
${\epsilon }_{t}=\mathrm{\epsilon }\left({t}_{1}\right)-\{{\sigma }_{\mathrm{c}}/{E}_{1}+{\sigma }_{\mathrm{c}}/{E}_{2}[1-{\mathrm{e}}^{-(t-{t}_{1}){E}_{2}/{\eta }_{1}}\left]\right\}$
式中:ε为恢复应变;σc为应力;E1E2分别为两个弹簧元件的弹性模量;η1为黏壶的黏滞系数。
将得到的复合土工膜蠕变恢复数据用Levenberg-Marquardt优化算法进行拟合,进而得出经改进的三参数黏弹模型各系数:E1E2η1,如表3所示。
表3得出的各应力水平下的E1E2η1代入式(3),得到黏弹模型的拟合值,用该拟合值与实测恢复值对比,如图12所示。
图12可以发现,该改进后的三参数黏弹模型得出的拟合值大都可与实测值重叠,这反映了该模型的可行性,它能够较好地描述复合土工膜于不同应力水平下的蠕变恢复过程,并于20 h后效果更好。
选用复合土工膜开展了8级应力水平下的蠕变及蠕变恢复试验和3次共3级应力的循环加载试验,提出改进的三参数黏弹恢复模型,通过对卸载前后土工膜的特性对比分析,得出结论如下。
(1)复合土工膜在8级应力水平下的蠕变变化规律皆为先骤变后平缓,随着时间的增加,变形出现平台期。
(2)复合土工膜在应力达到10%及20%时,经卸载,其蠕变变形几乎可以恢复如初;应力达30%时,卸载后仍有0.77%的残余变形,残余变形值占蠕变总值的比例为18.79%。应力为40%及以上时,蠕变恢复的能力随应力水平的增加逐渐降低,残余变形呈上升趋势,残余变形量各占蠕变量的24.73%、27.12%、30.36%、30.33%及34.91%。
(3)改进的三参数黏弹模型能较好地描述复合土工膜在不同应力水平下的蠕变恢复,可以预测最终恢复量。
(4)应力水平为10%及20%时,第三次加载土工膜变形最大;应力水平为30%时第二次加载土工膜变形最大。低应力水平下,加载次数越高蠕变变形越大。可见,土工膜的蠕变变形并不是加载次数越高,变形越大。现只做了3次循环加载,更多有关循环加载对土工膜蠕变变形的影响还有待探寻。
  • 新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2022D01B105)
  • 新疆维吾尔自治区人才发展基金“天池英才”引进计划
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404870
  • 接收时间:2024-06-29
  • 首发时间:2025-12-15
  • 出版时间:2025-06-18
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-29
基金
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2022D01B105)
新疆维吾尔自治区人才发展基金“天池英才”引进计划
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    1 新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052
    2 新疆水工岩土与结构工程技术研究中心, 乌鲁木齐 830052

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*杨武(1991—),男,汉族,四川南充人,博士,工程师,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:水利工程岩土与建材。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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