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Article(id=1207343628914107036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1207343627223802520, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406458, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1714233600000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1765782752493, onlineDateStr=2025-12-15, pubDate=1750176000000, pubDateStr=2025-06-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765782752493, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-15, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765782752493, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765782752493, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1207343627223802520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='17', pageStart='7023', pageEnd='7453', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765782752085, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765783816840, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1207348093192872694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1207343627223802520, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1207348093192872695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1207343627223802520, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=7351, endPage=7364, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1207343630633771687, articleId=1207343628914107036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Research and Application of Intelligent Construction Platform for Super-large Diameter Shield Tunneling, columnId=1207343630017208991, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers-Traffics and Transportations, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To address the challenges of complex geology, dense urban spaces, high component production requirements, and difficult excavation parameter control in the intelligent construction of ultra-large diameter shield tunnels, a systematic study of key links in the shield construction industry chain was conducted based on the experience and digitalization needs of completed and ongoing projects. building information modeling(BIM), big data, IoT, and artificial intelligence technologies were applied to build a digital architecture and establish a full lifecycle coding system. A data platform was developed to promote the digitalization of design data, intelligent segment production, tunnel intelligent excavation, and lifecycle management. The research shows that the parametric drive greatly improves the efficiency of digital design, optimizes the precision of segment production and drilling, and enhances the ability to control the whole life cycle. It can be seen that digital means effectively solve the technical problems in construction, improve the ability of construction control, and provide a feasible digital solution for the construction of large-diameter shield tunnel.

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为解决超大直径盾构隧道智能建造中的地质复杂、空间密集、构件生产要求高及掘进参数控制难等问题,基于已建及在建项目经验和数字化需求,通过对盾构施工全产业链关键环节进行系统研究。采用建筑信息模型(building information modeling,BIM)、大数据、物联网和人工智能等技术,构建数字化架构并建立全生命周期编码体系,搭建数据中台,推进设计资料数字化、管片智能生产、隧道智能掘进及全生命周期管理的研发。研究表明,参数化驱动大幅提升了数字化设计效率,优化了管片生产和掘进精度,同时增强了全生命周期管控能力。可见,数字化手段有效解决了施工中的技术难题,提升了施工管控能力,为大直径盾构隧道施工提供了可行的数字化解决方案。

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汪洋(1991—),男,汉族,安徽芜湖人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:盾构隧道智能化应用。E-mail:。

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汪洋(1991—),男,汉族,安徽芜湖人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:盾构隧道智能化应用。E-mail:。

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汪洋(1991—),男,汉族,安徽芜湖人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:盾构隧道智能化应用。E-mail:。

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Tunnel Construction (Chinese and English), 2023, 43(4): 549-562., articleTitle=Development and prospects of intelligent tunnel construction technology in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207343662351098207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343628914107036, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=52, issue=17, pageStart=1, pageEnd=6, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=39, authorNames=王俊英, 陈馈, 张兵, journalName=施工技术(中英文), refType=null, unstructuredReference=王俊英, 陈馈, 张兵. 盾构智能建造新技术与展望[J]. 施工技术(中英文), 2023, 52(17): 1-6., articleTitle=盾构智能建造新技术与展望, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207343662481121643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343628914107036, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=52, issue=17, pageStart=1, pageEnd=6, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=40, authorNames=Wang Junying, Chen Kui, Zhang Bing, journalName=Construction Technology (Chinese and English), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Junying, Chen Kui, Zhang Bing. New technologies and prospects for intelligent construction of shield tunnels[J]. Construction Technology (Chinese and English), 2023, 52(17): 1-6., articleTitle=New technologies and prospects for intelligent construction of shield tunnels, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207343662556619123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343628914107036, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=154, issue=null, pageStart=105006, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=41, authorNames=Wang G, Fang Q, Du J, journalName=Automation in Construction, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang G, Fang Q, Du J, et al. Deep learning-based prediction of steady surface settlement due to shield tunnelling[J]. Automation in Construction, 2023, 154: 105006., articleTitle=Deep learning-based prediction of steady surface settlement due to shield tunnelling, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1207343654209954627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343628914107036, awardId=U1934210, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金高铁联合基金重点支持项目(U1934210), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1207343654348366676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343628914107036, awardId=PPZX-2022-14, language=CN, fundingSource=中交一公局集团有限公司品牌工程科技研发项目(PPZX-2022-14), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1207343636715512648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343628914107036, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207343636757455689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343628914107036, companyId=1207343636715512648, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Research Institute of Underground Space, CCCC Tunnel Engineering Co., Ltd., Beijing 100102, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207343636770038602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343628914107036, companyId=1207343636715512648, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中交隧道工程局有限公司地下空间科学研究院, 北京 100102)]), AuthorCompany(id=1207343636879090511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343628914107036, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207343636900062033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343628914107036, companyId=1207343636879090511, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 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articleId=1207343628914107036, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Platform business architecture, figureFileSmall=QNME7xaVNYirbh8sFG4Wog==, figureFileBig=2h/hKrA3ezZgj9GwOZYM/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207343645867483326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343628914107036, language=CN, label=图2, caption=平台业务架构, figureFileSmall=QNME7xaVNYirbh8sFG4Wog==, figureFileBig=2h/hKrA3ezZgj9GwOZYM/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207343646052032720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343628914107036, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Data collection of shield tunneling machine, figureFileSmall=lCO3gIjQ2CFHtnUsqZs0qg==, figureFileBig=txFzAxQNgt4t+1cPvTX5SA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207343646236582111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343628914107036, language=CN, label=图3, caption=盾构机数据采集, figureFileSmall=lCO3gIjQ2CFHtnUsqZs0qg==, 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D为隧道直径;C为覆土厚度;h为夹层土位置;t为夹层土厚度;H为隧道中心深度;$\varphi$为内摩擦角;c为黏聚力;ρ为密度;E为弹性模量;g为层间土深度

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Construction data collection

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
盾构运行参数 推力 扭矩 贯入度 转速
设备运行状态 盾尾间隙 油缸行程 设备故
障预警		 监控视频
勘察设计数据 结构图纸 线路图纸 钻孔数据 地质物理参数
施工日志 地表沉降 盾尾上浮 换刀数据 故障记录
岩石信息 岩石种类 单轴抗
压强度		 节理断层 磨蚀强度
), ArticleFig(id=1207343652280574580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343628914107036, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

施工数据采集

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
盾构运行参数 推力 扭矩 贯入度 转速
设备运行状态 盾尾间隙 油缸行程 设备故
障预警		 监控视频
勘察设计数据 结构图纸 线路图纸 钻孔数据 地质物理参数
施工日志 地表沉降 盾尾上浮 换刀数据 故障记录
岩石信息 岩石种类 单轴抗
压强度		 节理断层 磨蚀强度
), ArticleFig(id=1207343652511261319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343628914107036, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

WBS coding standard

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目
名称		 单位
工程		 分部
工程		 子分部
工程		 构件 分项
工程		 检验批
DLH 004 001 001 002:10 001 006
), ArticleFig(id=1207343652712587934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343628914107036, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

WBS编码标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目
名称		 单位
工程		 分部
工程		 子分部
工程		 构件 分项
工程		 检验批
DLH 004 001 001 002:10 001 006
), ArticleFig(id=1207343652850999986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343628914107036, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

WBS shield tunneling construction coding table

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目名称 单位工程 分部工程 子分部工程 构件 分项工程 检验批
名称 编码 名称 编码 名称 编码 名称 编码 名称 编码 名称 编码 清单编码 名称 编码
东六环 DLH 盾构
隧道		 004 盾构
施工		 001 主线盾
构施工		 001 第1~
10环		 001 管片进
场验收		 001 001
盾构掘
进与管
片拼装		 002 040402019XXX 涂膜防水层
(管片涂膜防水)		 002
040403004XXX 预制钢筋混凝土管片 003
040901002XXX 混凝土管片钢筋 004
040403002XXX 隧道盾构掘进 005
壁后
注浆		 003 040403003XXX 衬砌壁后同步压浆 006
成型
隧道		 004 007
), ArticleFig(id=1207343652955857603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343628914107036, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

WBS盾构施工编码表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目名称 单位工程 分部工程 子分部工程 构件 分项工程 检验批
名称 编码 名称 编码 名称 编码 名称 编码 名称 编码 名称 编码 清单编码 名称 编码
东六环 DLH 盾构
隧道		 004 盾构
施工		 001 主线盾
构施工		 001 第1~
10环		 001 管片进
场验收		 001 001
盾构掘
进与管
片拼装		 002 040402019XXX 涂膜防水层
(管片涂膜防水)		 002
040403004XXX 预制钢筋混凝土管片 003
040901002XXX 混凝土管片钢筋 004
040403002XXX 隧道盾构掘进 005
壁后
注浆		 003 040403003XXX 衬砌壁后同步压浆 006
成型
隧道		 004 007
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Production coding standard for pipe segments

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项目
编码		 单位工
程编码		 管环
编码		 管片类
型编码		 生产
日期
DLH 1 00102 A.F 20230911
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管片生产编码标准

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项目
编码		 单位工
程编码		 管环
编码		 管片类
型编码		 生产
日期
DLH 1 00102 A.F 20230911
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The correspondence between WBS coding and pipe production coding standards

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WBS 编码与管片生产编码标准对应关系

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Pipe segment driving parameters

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基础设计 管片外径 管片内径 管片分块 管片厚度 楔形量
环缝 第一道槽深度 第一道槽宽度 第二道槽深度 第二道槽宽度 距外径距离
凹凸榫 偏移度数 凹凸榫深度 两侧圆半径 凹凸榫宽度 —
横向连接 螺杆半径 插入深度 入口深度 手孔深度 手孔半径
注浆孔/定位孔 定位孔半径 定位孔深度 定位孔间隔 注浆孔半径 —
纵向连接 偏移角度 螺杆半径 螺栓斜向角度 螺杆间距 插入深度
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管片驱动参数

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基础设计 管片外径 管片内径 管片分块 管片厚度 楔形量
环缝 第一道槽深度 第一道槽宽度 第二道槽深度 第二道槽宽度 距外径距离
凹凸榫 偏移度数 凹凸榫深度 两侧圆半径 凹凸榫宽度 —
横向连接 螺杆半径 插入深度 入口深度 手孔深度 手孔半径
注浆孔/定位孔 定位孔半径 定位孔深度 定位孔间隔 注浆孔半径 —
纵向连接 偏移角度 螺杆半径 螺栓斜向角度 螺杆间距 插入深度
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超大直径盾构隧道智能建造平台研发与应用
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汪洋 1 , 蔡琦 1 , 武雨琪 1 , 迟毅 1 , 王赶 2
科学技术与工程 | 论文·交通运输 2025,25(17): 7351-7364
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·交通运输 2025, 25(17): 7351-7364
超大直径盾构隧道智能建造平台研发与应用
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汪洋1 , 蔡琦1, 武雨琪1, 迟毅1, 王赶2
作者信息
  • 1 中交隧道工程局有限公司地下空间科学研究院, 北京 100102
  • 2 北京交通大学土木建筑工程学院, 北京 100044

    • 汪洋(1991—),男,汉族,安徽芜湖人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:盾构隧道智能化应用。E-mail:。

Research and Application of Intelligent Construction Platform for Super-large Diameter Shield Tunneling
Yang WANG1 , Qi CAI1, Yu-qi WU1, Yi CHI1, Gan WANG2
Affiliations
  • 1 Research Institute of Underground Space, CCCC Tunnel Engineering Co., Ltd., Beijing 100102, China
  • 2 School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
出版时间: 2025-06-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406458
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摘要
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为解决超大直径盾构隧道智能建造中的地质复杂、空间密集、构件生产要求高及掘进参数控制难等问题,基于已建及在建项目经验和数字化需求,通过对盾构施工全产业链关键环节进行系统研究。采用建筑信息模型(building information modeling,BIM)、大数据、物联网和人工智能等技术,构建数字化架构并建立全生命周期编码体系,搭建数据中台,推进设计资料数字化、管片智能生产、隧道智能掘进及全生命周期管理的研发。研究表明,参数化驱动大幅提升了数字化设计效率,优化了管片生产和掘进精度,同时增强了全生命周期管控能力。可见,数字化手段有效解决了施工中的技术难题,提升了施工管控能力,为大直径盾构隧道施工提供了可行的数字化解决方案。

盾构隧道  /  设计数字化  /  管片生产管理  /  智能掘进

To address the challenges of complex geology, dense urban spaces, high component production requirements, and difficult excavation parameter control in the intelligent construction of ultra-large diameter shield tunnels, a systematic study of key links in the shield construction industry chain was conducted based on the experience and digitalization needs of completed and ongoing projects. building information modeling(BIM), big data, IoT, and artificial intelligence technologies were applied to build a digital architecture and establish a full lifecycle coding system. A data platform was developed to promote the digitalization of design data, intelligent segment production, tunnel intelligent excavation, and lifecycle management. The research shows that the parametric drive greatly improves the efficiency of digital design, optimizes the precision of segment production and drilling, and enhances the ability to control the whole life cycle. It can be seen that digital means effectively solve the technical problems in construction, improve the ability of construction control, and provide a feasible digital solution for the construction of large-diameter shield tunnel.

shield tunnel  /  design digitalization  /  segment production management  /  tunneling prediction
汪洋, 蔡琦, 武雨琪, 迟毅, 王赶. 超大直径盾构隧道智能建造平台研发与应用. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (17) : 7351 -7364 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406458
Yang WANG, Qi CAI, Yu-qi WU, Yi CHI, Gan WANG. Research and Application of Intelligent Construction Platform for Super-large Diameter Shield Tunneling[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (17) : 7351 -7364 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406458
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近年来,大批城市兴建盾构隧道,其中直径14 m以上盾构隧道工程,全球90项,中国67项,占比为74.4%。基于建设规模和功能需求,大直径盾构隧道一般用于公路、铁路、城市轨道交通和地下管廊等领域隧道工程建设[1],这类工程往往集中在人口和建筑密度都较高的区域,在隧道建设的勘探、设计和施工阶段会面临诸多难题。因此加强盾构工程施工全过程数字化技术应用,运用智能化技术,构建盾构工程数字平台,是隧道安全建设的有力保障[2]。
国内外学者针对数据贯通及单一阶段的数字化技术应用开展了大量的研究与试验。如刘建华等[3]通过分解建筑信息模型(building information modeling,BIM)及其映射关系,实现了各业务数据的互联互通。该研究设置了检验批与进度的逻辑关系,能够自动生成进度,并通过APP(application)对相关工序进行交验填报。王良国等[4]提出通过分解隧道工程的BIM实体结构,采用工作分解结构(work breakdown structure,WBS)对施工工序进行细化,从而实现基于WBS的“工班制”经营模式。张谦等[5]提出在BIM技术环境下,将工程资源与模型构件及WBS工作关联,构建基于BIM模型的数据关系模型,并提出相应的软件实现方案。许时颖[6]依据工作分解结构的定义、方法和原则,提出了城市轨道交通工程的WBS分解方法及BIM模型单元划分方案,并制定了城市轨道交通工程的WBS编码和各建设阶段的BIM模型编码。国内外学者大多针对施工期的项目管理做了尝试,但对于贯穿全施工周期的编码体系并未做深入关联研究。
王晓东等[7]对标准化盾构管片进行了参数化处理,包括旋转角度和到参考点距离,以便实现快速的错缝拼接。李永明等[8]制定了楔形盾构隧道管片环参数化建模的标准库,设计了多种函数运算关系并编写了脚本,利用排版程序分析了不同楔形数量对通用楔形盾构管片隧道曲线拟合精度的影响。缪盾等[9]利用地质勘察数据和中心里程坐标,通过定制盾构隧道的管片族、管环嵌套族和细节体族,实现了隧道与地质的综合建模。陈桂香等[10]通过绘制三维隧道设计轴线(designed tunnel axis,DTA),建立了参数化双面楔形通用管片模型,并通过设置参数关联自适应管片模型,实现了对通用管片封顶块点位的控制。徐晓雅等[11]利用参数化+自适应拼装的方式,结合倾斜摄影,构建隧道三维结构及实景模型。国内外学者虽然在盾构隧道参数化建模的底层数据统一和软件操作层面做了诸多尝试,但大多只针对单一平台做定制化开发,面临跨平台模型数据转移时,仍会存在数据丢失的问题,同时模型与建造过程的融合度较低,价值不明显。
周冲等[12]将生产执行系统(manufacturing execution system,MES)与生产设备相结合,利用射频识别( radio frequency identification,RFID)技术实现生产流程控制和仓储管理,推动工厂向精细化管理和信息化管控迈进的关键一步。蔡清程[13]致力于实时采集和优化分析管片生产全过程的质量和生产信息数据,研发了盾构隧道管片预制管理系统。顾洋等[14]创立了智能建造平台,以生产计划为核心,对管片制造所需的各种资源进行统一的计划和控制管理。张赫等[15]建议,利用信息技术搭建一个全面数字化平台,对生产、物流、材料、人员、设备、会议等方面进行深入研究,及时监控生产质量,建立智能化的信息控制系统。总的来说,目前预制构件生产环节还存在工厂生产自动化程度低,构件生产信息化应用水平不高,生产与设计、施工协同性差,生产计划管理水平相对薄弱,缺少有效的预制构件生产全过程质量管理工具。
对于盾构智能掘进研究,Lin等[16]综合考虑掘进机地质和作业参数,利用5类人工智能模型进行掘进参数预测,开发了盾构掘进参数预测架构。王伯芝等[17]将神经网络与Dropout技术进行融合,通过输入刀盘速度、总推力、扭矩等参数预测盾构机掘进速度,该集成模型的预测精度良好。对于盾构平台搭建,李建斌等[18]提出将信息技术与隧道建设工业化深度结合,通过感知、平台和应用3个层次对智能盾构进行架构设计。陈湘生等[19]主张将信息技术与传统盾构工程相结合,以赋予盾构工程感知、互联、分析、预测和控制的能力。郭卫社等[20]提出隧道智能建造的发展经历了初级和高级两个不同阶段,未来的发展趋势将是智能预制生产线、现场智能化装配以及数字化管控的结合。王俊英等[21]从智能设计、智能感知施工、科学决策施工过程、自动执行和智能运维平台等多个角度,探讨了盾构智能化的现状和未来发展方向。目前很多学者提出盾构智能建造的发展方向,但并未对技术路径做深入研究,未系统地说明盾构智能掘进发展展现的具体能力,且未在项目上落地应用,平台研发多处在架构阶段。
目前,盾构数字化应用研究相对独立,未建立完整的技术架构。现基于在建大直径盾构项目,提出盾构全阶段数字化应用技术,包括数字化设计-工厂化生产-装配化施工-智慧化管理-智能化决策,并研究基于编码标准的数据贯通技术,形成系统的盾构工程数字化应用体系。
1 大直径盾构隧道建设全过程数字化应用关键技术
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1.1 盾构隧道智能建造平台架构
盾构隧道智能建造平台是以地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)+BIM为依托,轻量化与跨平台为核心,以易部署与易使用的可视化网页端平台为目标,构建多层级组织架构应用部署、多角色权限控制及多用户并发访问的能力,以满足集团层、公司层、项目层不同管理梯度的使用需求。平台采用HTML5(hypertext markup language 5)框架,能够实现盾构孪生场景融合展示、人工智能算法融合、物联网数据实时接入和施工管理等功能,平台整体架构如图1所示。
平台整体以数据底座为基石,汇集勘察、设计、管片生产、施工建造、盾构机运行、现场监测、项目管理、构件资源、统计报表等海量数据,通过编制盾构隧道数据编码标准和构建数据底座体系以实现工程数据在各功能模块间完整高效流转。根据 建造阶段进行的数字化产品开发及迭代,依据建设期的业务流程,形成完整的、体系性的盾构隧道智能建造服务,平台业务架构如图2所示。
1.2 盾构隧道数据底座搭建
收集来自工程建设的全周期数据,建立盾构掘进海量信息企业级的大数据仓库,盾构隧道数据底座能够实时、系统、完整地获取现场的隧道施工状态信息,对盾构隧道建设全过程数字化应用有重要意义。底座采集的存储信息如下。
(1)盾构运行参数,通过自研的盾构数据采集程序打通盾构机PLC(programmable logic controller)接口,如图3所示,收集主要包括盾构掘进过程中实时产生的推力、扭矩、贯入度、转速等掘进参数。
(2)盾构机的盾尾间隙、油缸行程、设备的故障、报警信息、监控视频、图片及设备的其他跟踪信息。
(3)掘进过程中的岩石信息,包括基本的岩石信息如岩石种类、单轴抗压强度、磨蚀强度、节理、断层等可以量化的岩石力学性能参数,同时存储如石英含量、地质素描CAD(computer aided design)图等不可量化的文件、图片等资料。
(4)勘察设计数据,存储包含设计结构线路图纸、勘察钻孔数据、地质物理参数数据等资料。
(5)施工日志,包括地表沉降及测点数据、盾尾上浮、设备停机、故障记录、刀具更换情况和施工突发情况等信息。
收集的数据如表1所示,目前已采集和存储企业在建、已完工的土压、泥水盾构项目及资料文件,为盾构工程的设计、施工科研等提供了大力支撑。同时数据底座支持项目管理数据在线填报和下载功能,可以大幅提高工程管理和数据采集效率。
1.3 施工全链条数据贯通编码标准
为统筹隧道全生命周期的设计、施工、监测和运营数据,实现“模型+数据”双核驱动的数字化管理,结合大直径盾构工程特点和智能建造需求,制定工程划分标准,建立WBS编码和管片生产编码标准映射关系,助力数据贯通。
1.3.1 大直径盾构隧道WBS编码标准
大直径盾构隧道WBS结构编码体系结合工程实际,自上而下进行细化、分解。按照总体7个层级进行分级,对应的L1~L7级依次为项目名称、单位工程、分部工程、子分部工程、构件、分项工程、检验批,WBS编码标准如表2所示。
示例:DLH-004-001-001-002:10-001-006
项目名称:东六环(京哈高速-潞苑北大街)改造工程(以大写英文字母表示:DLH)。
单位工程:4标(以三位数字表示:004)。
分部工程:盾构隧道、防水工程等(以三位数字表示:001)。
子分部工程:主线盾构隧道等(以三位数字表示:001)。
构件:第1-10环、第11-20环工程等(以三位数字表示:002,“:10”表示以10环为一个分项工程)。
分项工程:管片进场验收、盾构掘进与管片拼装、壁后注浆等(以三位数字表示:001)。
检验批:根据质量报验、计量支付、资料归档的要求形成最末级的检验批(以三位数字表示:006)。
按照现有大直径盾构的施工管理经验,盾构施工的分项工程包含管片进场验收、盾构掘进与管片拼装、壁后注浆和成型隧道4个部分。检验批包含涂膜防水层(管片涂膜防水)、预制钢筋混凝土管片、混凝土管片钢筋、隧道盾构掘进、衬砌壁后同步压浆五道工序。故大直径盾构的WBS可划分成如表3所示结构。以分部工程为盾构施工的标准划分进行介绍。
1.3.2 盾构管片生产编码
盾构管片在管片厂内的生产编码体系按照5个层级进行分级,结合工程实际,自上而下进行细化、分解。分别为项目编码、单位工程编码、管环编码、管片类型编码和生产日期,如表4所示。
示例:DLH-1-00102-A.F-20230911
项目编码:以实际项目名确定,以大写字母表示。
单位工程编码:以一位数字表示。
管环编码:以五位数字表示,如为负环,在前
面增加“FH”,即“FH00001”表示。
管片类型编码:前:A-浅埋,B-中埋,C-深埋;后:F块、L1块、L2块、B1标准块、B2标准块、…、Bn标准块,与L1相邻标准块为B1,与L2相邻标准块为Bn。
生产日期:以完整的日期表示。
1.3.3 WBS编码与管片生产编码对应关系
因大直径盾构隧道管片生产与施工存在对应关系,即生产时的当前环管片在施工时必须拼装在对应位置处,故依托以上编码体系建立大直径盾构管片WBS结构编码与盾构管片生产编码的映射关系显得尤为重要,表5为建立的编码对应关系,这一对应关系为盾构项目管片的设计、生产和施工数据贯通奠定基础,并为平台的数字孪生应用提供支撑。
1.4 设计资料数字化表达
为实现盾构隧道设计、生产、施工过程中的全寿命周期多源数据的互联互通与分析表达,平台以模型为载体进行数据流转,并以此为基础借助信息模型、人工智能及多源数据融合等技术,开展隧道智能建造研究。
1.4.1 管片结构、线路参数化驱动
平台配备了管片的精细化建模设计客户端软件,软件可以实现管片的分块设计、环内环间手孔、注浆孔定位设计及凹凸榫、纵缝横缝设计,通过设计参数的录入形成单环精细化管片模型。并且建模的管片可以沿隧道设计线路拟合优选排版设计、计算及建模,同时满足工程中的管片错缝拼装要求,如图4所示。
同时,平台建立基于开源建模引擎与WebGL(web graphics library)技术,采用OCCT(open cascade technology )进行程序化建模,OCCT 使用边界表示BRep(boundary representation)方法来表示3D模型,BRep概念表示的基础是利用几何和拓扑。利用该方式形成的3D模型具备与当前流行的AEC(architecture, engineering & construction)软件进行数据交换的能力。基于网络端的结构线路参数化建立流程如图5所示。在设计线路时,平面曲线采用交点法和线元法进行创建,竖曲线则根据起止桩号、标高、坡度等数据进行计算创建。
线路创建完成后,模型驱动参数如表5所示,包含盾构管片所有的几何结构参数,将精细化的管片模型按照DTA拟合偏差最小原则求解全线的点位排版,并按照拼装点创建主体模型。参数化创建的优势在于后期可根据点位选取的不同进行实时更新和调整,从而实现管片拼装的数字孪生目标。
1.4.2 基于钻孔数据的地质体建立及地质编码
目前国内软件市场上,大多已具备通过勘察数据、地形数据、地表影像数据生成三维地质体的能力,采用的地层建模方法通常为逐层建模或空间构模法,利用克里金、DSI(discrete smooth interpolation)为代表的三维空间插值算法进行地质体创建,如图7所示。
所介绍平台除具备以上技术能力外,还针对盾构线路方向的地质体分类及地层编码进行了研发。首先基于统一大地坐标系,导入掘进线路信息,将盾构掘进范围内已建立的地质体素化处理,体素化后的地质体带有物理力学特性,合并同物理力学特性的地质体后进行分类,填入地层高程矩阵与地层厚度矩阵中,形成地质信息编码[22],如图8所示,将该编码与占比信息作为数据集的重要组成部分输入卷积神经网络算法中作为模型输入,用以指导盾构智能决策。
1.5 盾构管片预制管理系统
1.5.1 厂内数字化管控赋能
完成盾构工程勘察设计数字化后,进入生产环节,利用物联网、大数据技术,系统自动监测生产过程和环境信息,减少人力投入,并管理物资操作(收料、质检、库存等),制定排产计划,核算项目成本。全面跟踪管片生产、蒸养水养作业、堆场存放、运输调度等环节,确保质量透明管控,实现全过程闭环管理,如图9所示。
1.5.2 厂内数字孪生生产
盾构管片在厂区流水线生产中包括脱模、涂油、入笼、预埋、检查等十道工序。利用已建立的管片生产编码体系,在生产中为钢筋笼建档,预埋环节挂卡片在模具台车上,RFID采集仪获取工序信息并实时显示在孪生平台上,如图10(c)所示,管片PJ001-1-00007-RYA.L2-20240727在1号线产线上脱模,同理PJ001-1-00244-RYA.B1-20240801管片进行钢筋笼预埋作业。平台展示生产、水养、堆场堆放的实时信息,并用颜色区分不同阶段的管片,提高工厂管理效能,实现管片信息全周期追溯。
1.6 盾构施工智能建造
通过对大直径盾构工程多源异构数据存储、处理、分析,输入盾构掘进参数预测模型中进行迭代训练、算法优化,形成一套针对不同地层泛化性应用较好的预测模型,模型基于开源深度学习框架pytorch环境运行,采用编程语言java进行数据库或文件数据提取,最终基于WEBGL端进行功能操作及展示。
1.6.1 盾构选型
针对盾构施工前的盾构选型难题,研发盾构虚拟掘进系统,如图11所示,基于在建项目、已完工项目的数据模型,配置工程的管环设计信息、盾构机信息、地质信息、掘进桩号、掘进速度、刀盘转速等施工参数,基于机械学习算法模拟全线施工过程,给出指导性的盾构机控制参数范围,如全线虚拟掘进过程中的最大轴力与刀盘扭矩,为盾构机功率选择提供依据。
1.6.2 点位选取及拼装
摆脱人工转盘只考虑错缝选点限制,综合考虑盾构偏差、设计曲线、盾尾间隙、油缸行程差等多类因素,采用动态权重、元启发优化算法获取最优盾构目标姿态,输出六分区油缸行程建议值及管片点位,如图12所示。图13显示在白云机场项目B1线,97环后采用平台推荐值,盾构机姿态偏差和油缸行程差减小,盾尾间隙分布更均匀,大幅提高盾构姿态控制精度。通过比例-积分-微分(proportion-integration-differentiation,PID)控制器,接入盾构机PLC程序后,将实现盾构机自主纠偏导航。
1.6.3 掘进参数预测
基于力学研究,确定盾构掘进的安全控制指标,包括地层变形和结构力学响应,结合盾构姿态控制、盾构机推进速度、刀盘转速、盾尾注浆和泥水压力,利用智能算法构建盾构掘进参数与工程特征参数之间的映射关系,建立掘进参数、盾构机型号及地层信息的驱动模型,通过神经网络、支持向量机、长短期记忆网络等机器学习算法实现盾构掘进施工中地层与结构的力学响应实时动态预测,采用统计分析、理论分析、数值仿真等多种手段研究盾构掘进过程中掘进参数响应规律,建立参数预测公式,实现盾构掘进参数预测,如图14所示。
选择当前掘进环可得到后五环的推力、扭矩、泥水压力等参数预测值,为盾构智能掘进提供驱动数据。根据地层与结构响应控制标准判断是否为最优盾构参数并利用人工智能混合算法对未达标的参数组合进行优化,直至符合控制标准,实现盾构掘进参数智能决策和盾构施工力学响应智能控制。
1.6.4 盾构掘进孪生
平台可实现孪生场景的实时展示,如图15所示,动态联动掘进进度、空间状态、地质环境、地面环境、建构筑物、监测数据等关键信息,可以实现盾构司机决策信息的全面实时获取,让司机实时掌握盾构机所处地质状态及掘进情况,更加合理科学控制盾构掘进,为司机加了“透视眼睛”和“智慧大脑”。打通平台与盾构机之间的数据接口,建立的数据采集标准可以实现盾构机掘进数据的实时采集与映射;建立的盾构工程施工多源异构数据库将获取到的数据进行清洗、补全、整合、降噪和挖掘后,形成数据资产指导同类型盾构工程施工,打通各盾构项目的知识壁垒。
除盾构掘进数据外,项目施工管理数据、管片数据、地质地层分析数据同样在实时获取的基础进行分析利用,借助数字化、信息化及可视化手段,利用盾构掘进数据驱动链接各模块,实现盾构掘进信息在场景中的传递与反馈,形成真正的盾构孪生体,提升隧道盾构施工的信息化和智能化水平。
2 结论
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通过介绍盾构隧道从设计、生产、施工过程的数字化应用,总结创新点如下。
(1)扎根模型数据的扭转数据底座,整合大量施工数据,建立包含地质数据、盾构掘进参数、盾构施工配套系统运行参数在内的盾构隧道施工工程数据库,实现不同项目间的经验共享,为后期基于知识+数据双驱动的盾构智能建造应用打下基础。
(2)构建了服务于隧道设计、生产、施工的编码体系,实现全周期多源数据融合,通过统一的编码体系实施全流程全要素全时空精细管理,覆盖了从项目设计、生产、运输、掘进到拼装的各个阶段,确保项目的每个环节都能得到精确监控和优化,大幅度提高项目管理效率。
(3)利用网络端管片参数化高精度建模,使得管片设计更加灵活和高效,同时参数化的方式也为孪生场景的建立打下基础。通过三维地质建模,对掘进前方的岩性进行分析展示,使得设计资料到数字化模型,再到数据应用的转变,大幅提高数据的利用深度和应用价值。
(4)盾构智能建造平台突破性地使用嵌入地质因素的深度学习算法,精准地反映地质条件的变化对工程项目的影响,提升了预测的精度和可靠性,特别是在复杂地质环境下大幅提升盾构掘进参数预测精度。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金高铁联合基金重点支持项目(U1934210)
  • 中交一公局集团有限公司品牌工程科技研发项目(PPZX-2022-14)
文献
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2025年第25卷第17期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406458
  • 接收时间：2024-04-28
  • 首发时间：2025-12-15
  • 出版时间：2025-06-18
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  • 收稿日期：2024-04-28
基金
国家自然科学基金高铁联合基金重点支持项目(U1934210)
中交一公局集团有限公司品牌工程科技研发项目(PPZX-2022-14)
作者信息
    1 中交隧道工程局有限公司地下空间科学研究院, 北京 100102
    2 北京交通大学土木建筑工程学院, 北京 100044
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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