Article(id=1205908627437711619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156908295593223005, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403283, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1714924800000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-06, revisedDate=1728921600000, revisedDateStr=2024-10-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1765440621480, onlineDateStr=2025-12-11, pubDate=1736265600000, pubDateStr=2025-01-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765440621480, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-11, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765440621480, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765440621480, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156908295593223005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='438', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753758031985, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765425680602, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1205845960933049001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156908295593223005, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1205845960933049002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156908295593223005, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=301, endPage=308, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1205908627819393284, articleId=1205908627437711619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Experimental Study on Static and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of NPR Cable, columnId=1156262729917780302, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Architectural Science, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to study the mechanical properties of negative Poisson’s ratio(NPR) anchor cable under static tension and drop hammer impact load, the self-developed NPR anchor cable tension test system and NPR anchor cable drop hammer impact test system were used to conduct static tensile test and dynamic impact test for a certain batch of NPR anchor cables. Its resistance and absorption of slow deformation and instantaneous impact energy of surrounding rock were verified by the supporting force, elongation and expansion of anchor cable. Secondly, a 3D numerical model of NPR anchor cable was established, and relevant numerical parameters were calibrated according to laboratory test results. The static tensile test of NPR anchor cable and the drop hammer impact test were carried out. The results of the numerical test are in good agreement with those of the laboratory test, which verifies the reliability of the numerical model. The 3D numerical model of NPR anchor cable can be used as an auxiliary analysis tool for the improvement and upgrading of NPR anchor cable in the future.

, correspAuthors=Jie HU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Chao-shuai YANG, Kai-rong HONG, Jie HU, Hua WANG, Zhi-gang TAO, Man-chao HE), CN=ArticleExt(id=1205908630101094687, articleId=1205908627437711619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=负泊松比锚索静动力学特性试验研究, columnId=1156262730517565784, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·建筑科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了研究负泊松比(negative Poisson’s ratio, NPR)锚索在静力拉伸和落锤冲击荷载作用下的力学特性,采用自主研发的NPR锚索拉力实验系统和NPR锚索落锤冲击实验系统对NPR锚索进行静力拉伸试验以及动力冲击实验。从锚索的支护力、锚索伸长量以及膨胀量等方面验证了其抵抗和吸收围岩缓慢变形、瞬时冲击能量的性能。其次,建立了NPR锚索三维数值模型,并根据室内试验结果标定了相关数值参数。开展了NPR锚索静力拉伸数值试验以及落锤冲击数值试验,数值试验结果与室内试验结果一致性较好,验证了数值模型的可靠性。该NPR锚索三维数值模型可作为NPR锚索的改进和升级换代的辅助分析工具。

, correspAuthors=胡杰, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 胡杰(1992—),男,汉族,湖南浏阳人,博士,讲师。研究方向:岩石力学。E-mail:
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杨朝帅(1986—),男,汉族,河南洛阳人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:隧道与地下工程围岩稳定性控制。E-mail:

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杨朝帅(1986—),男,汉族,河南洛阳人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:隧道与地下工程围岩稳定性控制。E-mail:

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杨朝帅(1986—),男,汉族,河南洛阳人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:隧道与地下工程围岩稳定性控制。E-mail:

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figureFileBig=skXAURh4ExhM4v+7zZmiOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205908637013307762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1205908627437711619, language=CN, label=图13, caption=冲击试验结果与数值结果对比, figureFileSmall=rMU6p5H/VoZlJqMI96Qwqg==, figureFileBig=skXAURh4ExhM4v+7zZmiOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205908637072028019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1205908627437711619, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Geometric parameters of the NPR cable

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恒阻套筒 恒阻体 钢绞线
外径/mm 内径/mm 长度/mm 大端直径/mm 小端直径/mm 小端长度/mm 大端长度/mm 直径/mm 长度/mm
121 87 500 93.5 83 85 25 22.4 1 500
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NPR锚索几何参数

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恒阻套筒 恒阻体 钢绞线
外径/mm 内径/mm 长度/mm 大端直径/mm 小端直径/mm 小端长度/mm 大端长度/mm 直径/mm 长度/mm
121 87 500 93.5 83 85 25 22.4 1 500
), ArticleFig(id=1205908637223022965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1205908627437711619, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Experimental results

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试样
编号
轴向
变形量/mm
恒阻力
范围/kN
恒阻力
平均值/kN
1# 476.3 307~378 350
2# 482.8 302~401 362
3# 473.5 301~385 348
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试验结果

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试样
编号
轴向
变形量/mm
恒阻力
范围/kN
恒阻力
平均值/kN
1# 476.3 307~378 350
2# 482.8 302~401 362
3# 473.5 301~385 348
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负泊松比锚索静动力学特性试验研究
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杨朝帅 1, 2, 3 , 洪开荣 1, 2 , 胡杰 4, * , 王华 1, 2, 3 , 陶志刚 4 , 何满潮 4
科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025,25(1): 301-308
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025, 25(1): 301-308
负泊松比锚索静动力学特性试验研究
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杨朝帅1, 2, 3 , 洪开荣1, 2, 胡杰4, * , 王华1, 2, 3, 陶志刚4, 何满潮4
作者信息
  • 1.中铁隧道局集团有限公司, 广州 511458
  • 2.广东省隧道结构智能监控与维护企业重点实验室, 广州 511458
  • 3.中铁隧道勘察设计研究院有限公司, 广州 511458
  • 4.中国矿业大学(北京)隧道工程灾变防控与智能建养全国重点实验室, 北京 100083
  • 杨朝帅(1986—),男,汉族,河南洛阳人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:隧道与地下工程围岩稳定性控制。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 胡杰(1992—),男,汉族,湖南浏阳人,博士,讲师。研究方向:岩石力学。E-mail:
Experimental Study on Static and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of NPR Cable
Chao-shuai YANG1, 2, 3 , Kai-rong HONG1, 2, Jie HU4, * , Hua WANG1, 2, 3, Zhi-gang TAO4, Man-chao HE4
Affiliations
  • 1. China Railway Tunnel Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 511458, China
  • 2. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Monitoring and Maintenance of Tunnel Structure, Guangzhou 511458, China
  • 3. China Railway Tunnel Consultants Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 511458, China
  • 4. State Key Laboratory for Tunnel Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
出版时间: 2025-01-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403283
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为了研究负泊松比(negative Poisson’s ratio, NPR)锚索在静力拉伸和落锤冲击荷载作用下的力学特性,采用自主研发的NPR锚索拉力实验系统和NPR锚索落锤冲击实验系统对NPR锚索进行静力拉伸试验以及动力冲击实验。从锚索的支护力、锚索伸长量以及膨胀量等方面验证了其抵抗和吸收围岩缓慢变形、瞬时冲击能量的性能。其次,建立了NPR锚索三维数值模型,并根据室内试验结果标定了相关数值参数。开展了NPR锚索静力拉伸数值试验以及落锤冲击数值试验,数值试验结果与室内试验结果一致性较好,验证了数值模型的可靠性。该NPR锚索三维数值模型可作为NPR锚索的改进和升级换代的辅助分析工具。

NPR锚索  /  吸能锚索  /  静力拉伸试验  /  落锤冲击试验  /  数值分析

In order to study the mechanical properties of negative Poisson’s ratio(NPR) anchor cable under static tension and drop hammer impact load, the self-developed NPR anchor cable tension test system and NPR anchor cable drop hammer impact test system were used to conduct static tensile test and dynamic impact test for a certain batch of NPR anchor cables. Its resistance and absorption of slow deformation and instantaneous impact energy of surrounding rock were verified by the supporting force, elongation and expansion of anchor cable. Secondly, a 3D numerical model of NPR anchor cable was established, and relevant numerical parameters were calibrated according to laboratory test results. The static tensile test of NPR anchor cable and the drop hammer impact test were carried out. The results of the numerical test are in good agreement with those of the laboratory test, which verifies the reliability of the numerical model. The 3D numerical model of NPR anchor cable can be used as an auxiliary analysis tool for the improvement and upgrading of NPR anchor cable in the future.

NPR cable  /  energy-absorbing cable  /  static pull test  /  drop hammer impact test  /  numerical simulation
杨朝帅, 洪开荣, 胡杰, 王华, 陶志刚, 何满潮. 负泊松比锚索静动力学特性试验研究. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (1) : 301 -308 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403283
Chao-shuai YANG, Kai-rong HONG, Jie HU, Hua WANG, Zhi-gang TAO, Man-chao HE. Experimental Study on Static and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of NPR Cable[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (1) : 301 -308 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403283
随着交通、采矿、水利水电等领域地下工程的不断发展,隧道(洞)穿越地区的地质条件日趋复杂,软岩大变形和岩爆等工程地质病害频繁发生,对支护构件性能提出了更高的要求[1-2]。传统锚杆(索)的承载能力或变形能力尚不能完全胜任作为高应力条件下的软岩大变形和岩爆支护构件使用,吸能锚杆/索在变形量、支护力、抗剪切和动载荷以及吸能方面较传统锚锚杆/索优势明显,是一类可有效防治软岩大变形和岩爆灾害的支护构件[3-4]
国内外常见的吸能锚杆/索包括Cone锚杆[5]、D形锚杆[6-7]、Durabar锚杆[8]、MD锚杆[9]、Roofex锚杆[10]、Garford锚杆[11]、Yield-Lok锚杆[12]、新型消能 DC 锚杆[13]、新型防冲吸能锚杆/索[14]以及泊松比(negative Poisson’s ratio, NPR)锚杆/索[15]等,上述吸能锚杆/索在支护工程中成效显著。
NPR锚索主要由恒阻体、恒阻套筒、高强度钢绞线和托盘构成。当NPR锚索工作时,恒阻体将在恒阻套筒内滑移,由于恒阻体的尾端外部直径略大于套筒内壁直径,恒阻体的贯入将导致恒阻套筒发生径向膨胀,由此达到产生恒定阻力的效果。NPR锚索由于轴向延伸大变形和恒阻套筒的径向膨胀,依托特殊复合装置产生了结构上的负泊松比效应(negative Poisson’s ratio, NPR),命名为NPR锚索。
学者们从理论研究、室内试验、数值手段和现场试验及应用等方面对NPR锚杆/索开展了诸多的研究。He等[16]、何满潮等[17-18]建立了NPR锚杆的二维/三维弹塑性力学模型,通过与室内静力拉拔试验结果对比验证了该模型的准确性。胡杰等[19]探究了NPR锚索恒阻力与锚索几何尺寸和力学参数间的联系。何满潮等[20]基于室内静力拉伸试验,详细研究了NPR锚索在静力拉伸荷载作用下的恒阻力特征、恒阻器膨胀和伸长变形规律以及吸能特征。何满潮等[21-22]基于自主研发的霍普金森动力冲击拉伸试验系统验证了NPR锚杆比传统钢筋锚杆具有更强的抗冲击性能。胡杰等[23]采用数值分析方法研究了锚索-围岩界面处的切应力与正应力的分布特征,对围岩和锚固剂的破坏模式开展了细观研究。何满潮等[24]基于沈阳红阳三矿回风联络巷提出了采用现场爆破形式模拟冲击地压的防冲试验,试验结果表明,NPR锚索具有吸收爆破冲击能量的特殊性能。此外,NPR锚杆/索在煤矿软岩巷道稳定性控制[25-27]、引水隧洞岩爆防治[28]、边坡加固和预警预报[29-30]中得到广泛应用。
现利用自主研发的试验系统对NPR锚索进行静力拉伸试验和落锤冲击试验;其次,基于FLAC3D软件建立NPR锚索三维数值模型,根据室内试验结果验证数值模型的可靠性。
采用室内静力拉伸试验研究NPR锚索抵抗和吸收围岩缓慢变形的能力,试验采用的HWL-2000恒阻大变形监测锚索拉力试验仪主要由主机框架、加持装置、动力传动系统和微机控制平台等组成。该系统长20 m,最大荷载为2 000 kN,拉伸活动量为300~5 000 mm,拉伸速率为0~200 mm/min,拉伸方式为力控制或速率控制,如图1所示。NPR锚索在静力拉伸荷载作用下恒阻套筒轴向伸长量一般采用分段直接测量的方式测定,恒阻套筒径向膨胀量可由径向变形测量系统实时测量。该系统主要由径向测量套环、位移计以及多通道应变仪组成,如图2所示。
试验采用的NPR锚索的设计极限变形量为500 mm,设计恒阻力为350 kN,弹性模量为206 GPa,泊松比为0.28,屈服极限为730 MPa。基本物理参数如表1所示。
首先在恒阻套筒内壁均匀涂抹润滑油,将恒阻体和钢绞线与恒阻套筒组装后吊装进静力拉伸试验系统,通过前后加持装置固定NPR锚索并施加一定预应力使得NPR锚索处于绷直状态。同时将径向变形测量系统安装到恒阻套筒外壁,钢绞线末端的轴向位移采集仪采集频率设为1 Hz,并在钢绞线模式下采用位移拉伸控制方式施加20 mm/min的轴向静力拉伸荷载。
当恒阻体从恒阻套筒内完全拉拔出视为该次静力拉伸试验结束,通过对数据监测系统采集的试验数据进行导出和处理,得到静力拉伸荷载作用下NPR锚索的支护阻力、轴向变形量、恒阻套筒径向膨胀量,并分段直接测量得到恒阻套筒轴向伸长量。
NPR锚索静力拉伸试验得到的轴向拉拔力与位移的关系可细分为3个阶段,如图3所示,实验结果如表2所示。
阶段Ⅰ: 轴向位移在50 mm的范围内锚索的拉拔力快速增加阶段。此时恒阻体正在贯入恒阻套筒内,该阶段仍可细分为两部分。第一部分拉拔力以钢绞线的弹性模量为斜率的增长阶段,此时的拉拔力并未超过初始静摩擦力,外部荷载由钢绞线的弹性变形承担;当拉拔力达到初始静摩擦力,恒阻体和套筒开始产生相对滑动并逐步进入套筒,这部分的拉拔力主要由接触面上的滑动摩擦力提供。
阶段Ⅱ:第二阶段是轴向位移在50 mm到450 mm的区间内,此时的NPR锚索的拉拔力总体保持恒定,但随着相对滑移的进行而轻微降低,原因在于摩擦效应使得恒阻体持续磨损,导致恒阻体和恒阻套筒内壁的接触面逐步减小。
阶段Ⅲ:随着恒阻体从套筒中逐步脱离,两者的接触面积逐步减小至0,拉拔力最终减小到0。
通过对NPR锚索拉拔力-位移曲线的分析得到锚索的各项性能指标,轴向变形量达470 mm以上,平均恒阻力达350 kN左右。
为了研究NPR锚索静力拉拔试验结束后恒阻套筒轴向伸长量,将恒阻套筒均分为10段,每段长度为50 mm,试验结束后分别测定恒阻套筒外部各测点段的轴向长度,从而得到恒阻套筒轴向伸长量。如图4所示,3组NPR锚索恒阻套筒的轴向累计伸长量分别为3.88、2.90和4.03 mm。
NPR锚索工作时,恒阻体在恒阻套筒内滑移使得恒阻套筒产生径向膨胀,恒阻套筒的膨胀量将影响NPR锚索的恒阻力。如图5所示,受限于试验平台空间,在恒阻套筒外壁按间距为60 mm均匀布置径向测量套环测定恒阻套筒的径向膨胀量。
图5可知,随着静力拉伸试验的进行,恒阻套筒外径膨胀量随着恒阻体的贯入而迅速增加,随后达到峰值,然后弹性回弹了较小值,最后恒阻套筒保持了恒定的塑性变形量。1#NPR锚索的平均径向膨胀量为2.75 mm,2#NPR锚索的平均径向膨胀量为2.71 mm,3#NPR锚索的平均径向膨胀量为2.71 mm。
通过落锤落体运动产生的冲击荷载模拟工程现场由于开挖或爆破扰动带来的冲击荷载,由此研究并验证NPR锚索的恒阻大变形、抗冲击和吸能性能。落锤冲击试验系统由中国矿业大学(北京)深部岩土力学与地下工程国家重点实验室设计研发,该系统包括高为7.2 m的主体钢骨架、自动送样系统、液压抱持设备、最高可提升2 m的提升系统、5.3 t的落锤、液压缓冲系统以及全系统控制平台,该系统具有安全自检报警系统和声光报警功能,确保试验过程的安全。同时,为了采集每次落锤冲击作用下NPR锚索的变形和冲击作用力,配备了测力传感系统,包括高精度力传感器、高精度数据采集仪、电荷放大器以及测试分析软件。该系统的各个组成部分如图6所示。
抗冲击NPR锚索与上文介绍的静力NPR锚索组成单元类似,主要由恒阻体、恒阻套筒、高强度钢绞线和托盘构成。不同的是,为了更好地吸收动力冲击的能量,落锤冲击试验采用的巨型NPR锚索恒阻套筒长度为2 000 mm。
图7为NPR锚索落锤冲击试验过程。试验步骤如下。
步骤1 将待试验的NPR锚索竖直穿过落锤中心孔,经液压抱持系统加持固定。
步骤2 通过抱持系统将NPR锚索提升至系统顶部并安装在落锤冲击实验系统顶端夹具内。
步骤3 在钢绞线末端安装好托盘以及测力监测系统,将落锤提升至预先设定高度并自由落体。
步骤4 通过落锤落体运动产生的冲击荷载模拟工程现场的冲击荷载,同时监测NPR锚索的冲击力和变形量。
步骤5 重复进行落锤冲击试验直至恒阻体从恒阻套筒内拉出,此时落锤冲击试验结束。
基于NPR锚索落锤冲击试验系统开展了多次落锤冲击后,恒阻体成功从恒阻套筒内拔出。落锤冲击荷载作用下NPR锚索的恒阻体-恒阻套筒相对滑移过程可分为4个阶段。
(1)对于首次落锤冲击,由于恒阻体末端直径小于恒阻套筒内径,使得单次冲击荷载作用下恒阻体-恒阻套筒的相对滑移量快速增加。
(2)当恒阻体大端完全贯入套筒内后,恒阻套筒的管状膨胀开始发生,单次冲击作用下的相对滑移量下降至恒定值(约为45 mm)。
(3)随着恒阻体-恒阻套筒相对滑移的持续进行,摩擦效应导致恒阻体出现磨损使得恒阻体外径减小,由此带来了单次冲击作用下恒阻体-恒阻套筒的相对滑移量将增加(约为65 mm)。
(4)随着恒阻体外径的持续磨损使得恒阻体加快从恒阻套筒滑移出。
根据图8可知,落锤冲击荷载作用下NPR锚索的冲击作用力大致可分为340 kN和250 kN两个阶段,原因在于随着摩擦效应导致恒阻体外径的磨损减小使得恒阻体-恒阻套筒接触面积的减小,使得落锤冲击试验后期NPR锚索支护力有所降低。
NPR锚索室内试验由于试验设备较大,操作繁复以及试验费用高和周期长的缺点,难以基于试验手段逐个研究影响NPR锚索防冲吸能特性的因素。基于上述原因,数值手段既能达到经济快速重复试验又能进一步研究NPR锚索内部受力特征的优势,已成为一种可靠的研究手段,采用FLAC3D对NPR锚索开展数值分析。
图9所示,NPR锚索的数值模型由厚壁恒阻套筒、圆台状恒阻体和钢绞线构成。根据NPR锚索室内静力拉伸试验确定NPR锚索数值模型的边界条件,即靠近恒阻体一端的恒阻套筒轴向固定,钢绞线远端施加vy=20 mm/min的轴向恒定速率的拉拔荷载直至恒阻体完全滑移出恒阻套筒。
NPR锚索的各个组件均认为是各向同性材料,其中,恒阻体和钢绞线认为是弹性材料而恒阻套筒认为是理想弹塑性材料,通过FLAC3D的动态链接库(DLL)植入了适合描述理想弹塑性材料力学行为的Mises屈服准则。另外,在恒阻套筒内壁设置一层滑动接触面使得恒阻体和恒阻套筒实现库伦相对滑动,滑动接触面的法向和切向刚度根据接触面网格尺寸设置。
NPR锚索的数值模型的恒阻套筒内壁滑动接触面上的黏聚力设为0,因此内摩擦角成为决定锚索恒阻力的关键因素,经过设置不同内摩擦角得到锚索恒阻力的数值解,通过与锚索的室内静力拉伸试验解对比,最终确定锚索数值模型中的滑动接触面的内摩擦角为φ=7.5°。此外,FLAC3D采用运动方程为控制方程的显式算法,为了确保计算的精度数值模型的计算时间步固定为1×10-5 s。
图10所示,对比恒阻大变形锚索拉拔力的数值结果和试验结果可以发现曲线的3个阶段和恒阻力值均能较好地对应,除了在恒阻体贯入套筒和滑离套筒时的数值振荡。此外,试验过程中由于恒阻体的磨损导致接触面积的减少,从而使恒阻力有轻微的降低,而数值结果由于将恒阻体假设为弹性体从而避免了磨损导致的恒阻力降低现象。
图11所示,静力拉拔荷载作用下数值试验与室内试验恒阻套筒的径向变形量变化趋势基本一致。首先恒阻套筒外径变形量随着恒阻体的贯入而迅速增加,随后达到峰值,随着恒阻体持续滑移径向膨胀量出现弹性回弹,最后恒阻套筒保持了恒定的塑性变形量,塑性变形的平均值为2.68 mm。
基于建立的NPR锚索静力拉伸数值模型,通过修改模型的恒阻套筒和钢绞线长度建立了NPR锚索落锤冲击数值模型。基于建立的NPR锚索落锤冲击数值模型对钢绞线末端施加近似于落锤冲击的动力荷载,落锤引起的冲击荷载可由式(1)估计,表达式为
A(t)= 1 2 A 0 1 - c o s 2 π t τ , t 0 t τ + t 0 0 , t 0 t τ + t 0
式(1)中:A0为脉冲的振幅;τ为脉冲的周期;t0为脉冲的开始时间。基于能量守恒,根据落锤冲击高度0.4 m对应的动力冲击荷载,确定式(1)中的相关参数为:A0=7.61×106 kPa,f=1/τ=100 Hz。
图12为NPR描述单次落锤冲击荷载作用,在钢绞线末端监测到的恒阻体轴向位移以及冲击力与时间的关系。为了测量落锤冲击作用下恒阻套筒的径向位移,如图13所示,在套筒外壁间隔100 mm共设置了18个监测点。通过十字测点法测量恒阻套筒x-xy-y方向冲击作用前后的外径。
根据图12可知,经过数次振荡后,轴向位移基本保持在40 mm,与室内落锤冲击试验实测值较为接近。在钢绞线远端施加周期冲击荷载后,单次冲击作用恒阻体-恒阻套筒平均相对滑移量约为39.5 mm,该值低于室内落锤冲击试验测得的相对滑移量(约45 mm)。原因可分为以下两方面:首先,用于确保恒阻体能顺利滑移需要在套筒内壁人工涂抹润滑油,润滑油的均匀性得不到有效保证;其次,由于摩擦效应使得恒阻体逐渐磨损,恒阻体与套筒的接触面不断减少,由此导致随着落锤冲击次数增加相对滑移量呈增长趋势。排除人为操作和材料磨损等因素的干扰后,落锤冲击作用下,在室内试验和数值试验中恒阻体-恒阻套筒滑移量演化趋势基本一致。
图13可知,在数值试验中,同样在恒阻套筒外壁设置11个监测点(A~K)用于获得套筒径向位移。对比发现,落锤冲击数值试验得到的套筒外壁径向位移基本保持恒定值(约2.64 mm),室内落锤冲击试验得到的套筒径向位移总体大于数值试验测得的径向位移,尤其是由于恒阻体的磨损使得套筒后段的径向位移显著减少。同时,室内试验得到的径向位移呈现离散性,其原因有:锚索材料的各向异性,恒阻体的磨损。因此,落锤冲击作用下NPR锚索数值模型得到了充分验证。
详细介绍了NPR锚索的组成部分和技术参数,基于静力拉伸试验和落锤冲击试验研究了NPR锚索的支护阻力、伸长量、恒阻套筒径向膨胀量和轴向伸长量,验证了其抵抗和吸收围岩缓慢变形和瞬时冲击能量的优良性能。同时,利用数值方法对恒阻大变形静-动荷载作用下的力学特性进行了对比研究,充分验证了该NPR锚索数值模型的可靠性。从室内试验和数值分析得到如下结论。
(1) 静力拉拔荷载作用下,NPR锚索的轴向变形量达470 mm以上,平均恒阻力在350 kN左右,恒阻套筒径向膨胀量达2.7 mm以上,轴向伸长量达2.9 mm以上。
(2) 落锤冲击荷载作用下,由于恒阻体磨损NPR锚索的冲击力大致可分为340 kN和250 kN两个阶段。
(3) 静力拉拔荷载作用下的数值分析结果与室内试验结果对比发现,NPR锚索的支护阻力、伸长量、恒阻套筒的径向膨胀量吻合度均较高。
(4) 排除人为操作和材料磨损等干扰因素后,可以认为落锤冲击的动力荷载作用下的数值结果与室内试验结果演化趋势基本一致。
  • 中国中铁股份有限公司科技研究开发计划(川藏02-专项-02)
  • 中铁隧道局集团科技创新计划(2021-重点-44)
  • 深部岩土力学与地下工程国家重点实验室开放基金课题(SKLGDUEK2217)
  • 浙江省山体地质灾害防治协同创新中心开放研究基金(PCMGH-2022-03)
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403283
  • 接收时间:2024-05-06
  • 首发时间:2025-12-11
  • 出版时间:2025-01-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-06
  • 修回日期:2024-10-15
基金
中国中铁股份有限公司科技研究开发计划(川藏02-专项-02)
中铁隧道局集团科技创新计划(2021-重点-44)
深部岩土力学与地下工程国家重点实验室开放基金课题(SKLGDUEK2217)
浙江省山体地质灾害防治协同创新中心开放研究基金(PCMGH-2022-03)
作者信息
    1.中铁隧道局集团有限公司, 广州 511458
    2.广东省隧道结构智能监控与维护企业重点实验室, 广州 511458
    3.中铁隧道勘察设计研究院有限公司, 广州 511458
    4.中国矿业大学(北京)隧道工程灾变防控与智能建养全国重点实验室, 北京 100083

通讯作者:

* 胡杰(1992—),男,汉族,湖南浏阳人,博士,讲师。研究方向:岩石力学。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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