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In order to simulate the seismic damage process of RC (reinforced concrete) columns precisely and effectively, the method of seismic damage analysis of reinforced concrete members was established by combining the uniaxial damage constitutive model of concrete and steel bar with the flexibility-based fiber beam-column element model. The quasi-static test of reinforced concrete column was simulated and analyzed. It is found that the simulation model can simulate the degradation process of stiffness and bearing capacity of component with good accuracy. The shaking table test of reinforced concrete column under biaxial loading was simulated and analyzed. The results show that the simulation model can simulate the nonlinear dynamic behavior and damage distribution of component with good accuracy. Furthermore, the established model can effectively simulate the evolution process of seismic damage of components, and describe weak parts of components, and has high computational efficiency and solution accuracy, which can be used to analyze the collapse process of buildings and bridge structures under earthquake action.

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为高效准确地模拟钢筋混凝土柱的地震损伤过程,将混凝土和钢筋单轴损伤本构模型与基于柔度法的纤维梁柱单元模型相结合,建立钢筋混凝土构件地震损伤分析方法。对钢筋混凝土柱的拟静力试验进行模拟分析,发现模拟模型可以较好地模拟构件的刚度和承载力退化过程。对钢筋混凝土柱的双向加载振动台试验进行模拟分析,结果表明模拟模型可以较好地模拟构件的非线性动力行为和损伤分布情况。此外,所建立模型可以有效模拟构件的地震损伤演化过程,描述构件的薄弱部位,且具有较高计算效率和求解精度,可用于地震作用下建筑和桥梁结构倒塌过程分析。

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高营(1986—),男,汉族,天津人,博士,副教授。研究方向:工程结构防灾减灾。E-mail:

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高营(1986—),男,汉族,天津人,博士,副教授。研究方向:工程结构防灾减灾。E-mail:

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ft为峰值拉应力;εcr为峰值拉应力所对应的应变;Ec0为初始切线模量;εut为极限拉应变

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figureFileBig=+u8KZh03vAZtCVWiAYivvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204845333915349017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1203753467308384885, language=CN, label=图11, caption=混凝土受压损伤, figureFileSmall=o5FQ3qU9DGM0A/w2/EbExw==, figureFileBig=+u8KZh03vAZtCVWiAYivvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204845333982457882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1203753467308384885, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Stress-strain curve of steel fibers, figureFileSmall=wOjIGQGRBDESLjHrPIYgPg==, figureFileBig=UbuFtwQLEOSUGfpPC1ldsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204845334066343963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1203753467308384885, language=CN, label=图12, caption=钢筋应变时程曲线, figureFileSmall=wOjIGQGRBDESLjHrPIYgPg==, figureFileBig=UbuFtwQLEOSUGfpPC1ldsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204845334125064220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1203753467308384885, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Material parameters of concrete

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
混凝土 fc/MPa ε0 ε20 ft/MPa
保护层 -29.4 -0.002 0 -0.005 2.94
核心区 -32.3 -0.002 2 -0.012 2.94
), ArticleFig(id=1204845334192173085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1203753467308384885, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

混凝土材料参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
混凝土 fc/MPa ε0 ε20 ft/MPa
保护层 -29.4 -0.002 0 -0.005 2.94
核心区 -32.3 -0.002 2 -0.012 2.94
), ArticleFig(id=1204845334267670558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1203753467308384885, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Material parameters of steels

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
E/GPa fy/MPa εth εcr Dcr D0 α
210 372 0.259 1.4 0.065 0.0 0.217 5
), ArticleFig(id=1204845334343168031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1203753467308384885, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

钢筋材料参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
E/GPa fy/MPa εth εcr Dcr D0 α
210 372 0.259 1.4 0.065 0.0 0.217 5
), ArticleFig(id=1204845334431248416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1203753467308384885, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Material parameters of concrete

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
混凝土 fc/MPa ε0 ε20 ft/MPa
保护层 -30.4 -0.002 3 -0.005 2.0
核心区 -34.9 -0.003 6 -0.012 2.0
), ArticleFig(id=1204845334506745889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1203753467308384885, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

混凝土材料参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
混凝土 fc/MPa ε0 ε20 ft/MPa
保护层 -30.4 -0.002 3 -0.005 2.0
核心区 -34.9 -0.003 6 -0.012 2.0
), ArticleFig(id=1204845334586437666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1203753467308384885, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Material parameters of steels

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E/GPa fy/MPa εth εcr Dcr D0 α
175 373 0.259 1.4 0.065 0.0 0.217 5
), ArticleFig(id=1204845334670323747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1203753467308384885, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

钢筋材料参数

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E/GPa fy/MPa εth εcr Dcr D0 α
175 373 0.259 1.4 0.065 0.0 0.217 5
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基于柔度法纤维梁柱单元的钢筋混凝土柱地震损伤分析
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高营 , 郑亮 , 王万月
科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025,25(2): 721-728
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025, 25(2): 721-728
基于柔度法纤维梁柱单元的钢筋混凝土柱地震损伤分析
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高营 , 郑亮, 王万月
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  • 中北大学环境与安全工程学院, 太原 030051
  • 高营(1986—),男,汉族,天津人,博士,副教授。研究方向:工程结构防灾减灾。E-mail:

Analysis of Seismic Damage of RC Columns Based on Flexibility-Based Fiber Beam-Column Element
Ying GAO , Liang ZHENG, Wan-yue WANG
Affiliations
  • School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
出版时间: 2025-01-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402016
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为高效准确地模拟钢筋混凝土柱的地震损伤过程,将混凝土和钢筋单轴损伤本构模型与基于柔度法的纤维梁柱单元模型相结合,建立钢筋混凝土构件地震损伤分析方法。对钢筋混凝土柱的拟静力试验进行模拟分析,发现模拟模型可以较好地模拟构件的刚度和承载力退化过程。对钢筋混凝土柱的双向加载振动台试验进行模拟分析,结果表明模拟模型可以较好地模拟构件的非线性动力行为和损伤分布情况。此外,所建立模型可以有效模拟构件的地震损伤演化过程,描述构件的薄弱部位,且具有较高计算效率和求解精度,可用于地震作用下建筑和桥梁结构倒塌过程分析。

钢筋混凝土柱  /  纤维梁柱单元  /  损伤本构模型  /  损伤分析  /  地震作用

In order to simulate the seismic damage process of RC (reinforced concrete) columns precisely and effectively, the method of seismic damage analysis of reinforced concrete members was established by combining the uniaxial damage constitutive model of concrete and steel bar with the flexibility-based fiber beam-column element model. The quasi-static test of reinforced concrete column was simulated and analyzed. It is found that the simulation model can simulate the degradation process of stiffness and bearing capacity of component with good accuracy. The shaking table test of reinforced concrete column under biaxial loading was simulated and analyzed. The results show that the simulation model can simulate the nonlinear dynamic behavior and damage distribution of component with good accuracy. Furthermore, the established model can effectively simulate the evolution process of seismic damage of components, and describe weak parts of components, and has high computational efficiency and solution accuracy, which can be used to analyze the collapse process of buildings and bridge structures under earthquake action.

RC columns  /  fiber beam-column element  /  damage constitutive model  /  damage analysis  /  earthquake action
高营, 郑亮, 王万月. 基于柔度法纤维梁柱单元的钢筋混凝土柱地震损伤分析. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (2) : 721 -728 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402016
Ying GAO, Liang ZHENG, Wan-yue WANG. Analysis of Seismic Damage of RC Columns Based on Flexibility-Based Fiber Beam-Column Element[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (2) : 721 -728 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402016
震害调查及试验研究发现[1-3],钢筋混凝土柱一旦发生破坏往往导致结构的倒塌。对钢筋混凝土柱进行地震损伤分析,可为揭示建筑结构地震倒塌机理提供重要依据。当前,多数研究[4-8]采用实体单元模型进行钢筋混凝土构件的损伤分析。然而,由于大量自由度的引入,使得计算成本较高,导致实体单元模型不适于日常的工程应用。纤维梁柱单元模型[9]可以从宏观上模拟构件的力学性能又能够深入地洞察构件局部的非线性特性,且具有较高的计算效率和模拟精度,已得到广泛应用。纤维梁柱单元模型可分为基于柔度法的模型[9-10]和基于刚度法的模型[10-12]。当结构处于强非线性阶段,基于柔度法的模型在计算效果和效率上均优于基于刚度法的模型[10]。当前,应用纤维梁柱单元模型对构件进行损伤分析的研究相对较少。
Heo[13]利用基于柔度法的纤维单元模型提出了基于材料损伤的钢筋混凝土构件损伤模型,该模型将混凝土核心区受压混凝土临界纤维和钢筋临界纤维的损伤指标作为截面损伤指标,忽略了混凝土受拉损伤的影响,未给出构件局部损伤分布情况。Saritas等[14]将3D混凝土损伤本构模型与纤维单元相结合,对钢筋混凝土梁和柱进行了损伤分析,分析中未考虑钢筋材料的损伤。李忠献等[15]和高营等[16]分别利用基于刚度法的纤维梁柱单元模型和基于柔度法的模型结合Faria-Oliver单轴损伤模型[17]对钢筋混凝土构件进行损伤分析,分析中未考虑钢筋材料的损伤。Su等[18]在纤维单元中考虑了钢筋低周脆性损伤,发现在长持时地震动作用下钢筋低周脆性破坏是桥墩主要失效模式之一。高营等[19]考虑了钢筋材料的损伤和断裂,应用基于刚度法的纤维单元模型进行了钢筋混凝土柱往复荷载作用下的破坏过程分析,但并未关注混凝土局部损伤情况,且钢筋材料本构模型只适用于往复荷载条件。
为了以一种兼顾计算精度与效率的方法对钢筋混凝土柱进行地震损伤分析,现基于结构精细化模拟分析平台RSAPS(原名FENAP)[11],将前期建立的混凝土单轴损伤本构模型和钢筋单轴损伤本构模型[20]与基于柔度法的纤维单元模型相结合,建立钢筋混凝土构件地震损伤模拟分析方法。该方法在基于柔度法的纤维单元中同时考虑了混凝土和钢筋材料的损伤。以期实现高效模拟钢筋混凝土构件的非线性力学行为,同时,又可以直观地显示构件的地震损伤演化过程、损伤分布情况和薄弱部位。通过对钢筋混凝土柱的拟静力试验和振动台试验进行模拟分析,验证所建立模拟方法的有效性。从而实现以一种高效的方法模拟钢筋混凝土构件的地震损伤破坏过程。
结构精细化模拟分析平台RSAPS基于有限元软件ABAQUS的用户单元子程序接口建立而成。平台中已开发基于柔度法的纤维梁柱单元模型[16]。该模型基于Euler-Bernoulli梁单元理论及平截面假定而建立,忽略剪切变形及扭转变形的影响。无刚体位移时纤维梁柱单元的杆端位移表示为de= { u x   θ y 1   θ y 2   θ z 1   θ z 2 } T,杆端力表示为Fe= { N x   M y 1   M y 2   M z 1   M z 2 } T。截面变形表示为s(x)= x (x)   φ y (x)   φ z (x) } T,截面力表示为D(x)= {N x (x)   M y (x)   M z (x) } T。荷载作用下单元杆端力增量ΔFe
ΔFe=keΔde
式(1)中:ke为单元刚度矩阵;Δde为单元位移增量
更新后的单元杆端力为
F e n e w=Fe+ΔFe
截面力增量ΔD(x)与单元杆端力增量ΔFe关系为
ΔD(x)=B(xFe
式(3)中:B(x)为力的插值函数矩阵。
B(x)= 1 0 0 0 0 0 x L - 1 x L 0 0 0 0 0 x L - 1 x L
更新后的截面力为Dnew(x)=D(x)+ΔD(x),截面变形增量Δs(x)可表示为
Δs(x)=fs(xD(x)
式(5)中:f s(x)为截面柔度矩阵。
截面变形更新为
snew(x)=s(x)+Δs(x)+rs(x)
式(6)中:rs(x)为截面残余变形。
得到截面变形后,根据平截面假定可得到截面中任意位置纤维应变εi=ε(x)-yiφz(x)+ziφy(x),其中i=1,2,…,n;yizi为截面内第i根纤维中心位置的几何坐标。进而,根据纤维材料的本构关系模型可得相应纤维的应力σi和切线刚度Ei。进而可计算得到截面抗力Dr(x)和截面刚度矩阵ks(x)为
Dr(x)= { i = 1 n σ i A i   i = 1 n σ i A i z i   - i = 1 n σ i A i y i } T
ks(x)= i = 1 n E i A i E i A i z i - E i A i y i E i A i z i E i A i z i 2 - E i A i y i z i - E i A i y i - E i A i y i z i E i A i y i 2
式中:Ai为第i根纤维的截面面积。
截面柔度矩阵更新为f s n e w(x)=ks(x)-1,截面残余变形为rs(x)=f s n e w(x)[Dnew(x)-Dr(x)]。
根据虚力原理,经推导可得单元柔度矩阵fe
fe=∫L[B(x)]Tf s n e w(x)B(x)dx
单元刚度矩阵表示为ke= ( f e ) - 1
根据截面残余变形rs(x)可得单元残余变形re
re=∫L[B(x)]Trs(x)dx
进一步得到单元不平衡力为Ru=kere,若其满足容差要求,则单元层次计算完成;否则,需将Δde=-re代入式(1)中开始新一次的计算。
本文研究采用Mohd-Yassin[21]提出的混凝土本构模型,如图1所示。该模型可以模拟混凝土材料卸载和再加载过程中的连续刚度退化效应和滞回性能,以及箍筋对混凝土的约束效应。
在该混凝土本构模型中,分别用拉、压损伤指数描述混凝土拉、压损伤情况[20]。受压损伤指数Dc计算式为
Dc= 0 , ε c c m < ε c c d 0 E c d 0 - E c m E c d 0 - E c 20 , ε c c d 0 ε c c m 1 , ε 20 < ε c c mε20
式(11)中:Ecd0=( σ c c d 0-σr)/( ε c c d 0-εr)为初始受压损伤模量,根据受压损伤起始点D0( ε c c d 0, σ c c d 0)与焦点R确定;Ecm=( σ c c m-σr)/( ε c c m-εr)为当前卸载点的模量,根据卸载点D( ε c c m, σ c c m)与焦点R确定。
混凝土受压损伤只出现在加载阶段,当再加载达到之前的卸载点之后才会产生新的受压损伤。根据Yue等[22]的研究,选取骨架曲线上应力为0.3fc的点为受压损伤起点。
模型中的受拉骨架曲线如图2所示。
受拉损伤指数Dt的计算式为
Dt= 0 , ε t c m < ε c r E c 0 - E t m E c 0 , ε c r ε t c m 1 , ε u t < ε t c mεut
式(12)中:Etm为当前卸载点的割线模量; ε t c m为当前卸载点的应变。
混凝土受拉损伤只出现在加载阶段,当再加载达到之前的卸载点之后才会产生新的受拉损伤。
本文研究中钢筋采用修正的Menegotto-Pinto本构模型[23]来模拟。该模型可以考虑等向强化效应[24]和往复荷载作用下的Bauschinger效应,具有较高的模拟精度和求解效率。
为使修正Menegotto-Pinto本构模型可以考虑钢筋损伤及断裂破坏行为,采用Bonora损伤模型[25]模拟钢筋损伤特性[20]。Bonora损伤模型是基于连续性损伤力学的弹塑性损伤模型,采用非线性损伤演化准则,能较好地模拟钢材的损伤行为。Bonora损伤模型损伤准则为
D · ( D c r - D 0 ) 1 / α l n ε c r - l n ε t hf σ m σ e q ( D c r - D ) α - 1 / α d p p
式(13)中: D ·为损伤增量;D为累积损伤值;D0为初始损伤值;Dcr为临界损伤值;εcr为与临界损伤值相对应的临界应变;εth为开始发生损伤的阈值应变;dp为等效塑性应变增量;p为等效塑性应变; α为损伤参数;f(σmeq)为考虑三轴应力状态时的影响因子,对于单轴本构模型取为1。
损伤指数DI计算公式为
DI= D c r - D D c r - D 0
为使Bonora损伤模型能够考虑往复荷载作用,Pirondi等[26]对模型进行了修正,认为钢筋只有在受拉时才会产生损伤,因此,计算损伤指数时,只考虑受拉塑性应变的作用。考虑损伤的修正Menegotto-Pinto模型应力-应变关系曲线如图3所示。
分别对一个钢筋混凝土柱往复加载试验和一个双向加载钢筋混凝土柱振动台试验进行模拟,以验证混凝土和钢筋损伤本构模型与柔度法纤维梁柱单元模型相结合的有效性。进而,对钢筋混凝土柱的地震损伤过程进行模拟分析。
Nagaya等[27]完成了一系列的钢筋混凝土柱往复加载试验,本文研究选取试件TP-29进行模拟分析。试件有效高度为1 350 mm,截面尺寸为400 mm×400 mm。顶部施加轴力为150 kN。试件划分为1个纤维单元,采用Guass-Lobatto积分对式(9)和式(10)进行求解,选用3个积分点。积分点处截面纤维离散化如图4所示。混凝土及钢筋材料参数分别如表1表2所示。
图5给出了TP-29的反力-位移关系曲线模拟结果与试验结果对比图。通过对比发现,纤维单元的模拟结果与试验结果较为吻合,模拟模型可以很好地捕捉试件的刚度和承载力退化过程,有效地模拟试件的滞回性能。试件两侧的钢筋No.65和No.80(图4)损伤最大分别为0.199和0.182。图6为钢筋No.65的应力-应变关系图。从图6可明显观察到钢筋应力的退化过程。
对文献[28]中矩形截面钢筋混凝土柱双向加载振动台试验进行模拟分析。试件高度为2 m,截面尺寸为800 mm×450 mm。试件主体划分为1个纤维单元。为细致考虑试件的损伤分布情况,采用5个Guass-Lobatto积分点,积分点处截面纤维离散化如图7所示。混凝土及钢筋材料参数分别如表3表4所示。选用Takatori处Kobe地震动记录,EW向(X向)和NS向(Y向)加速度幅值分别取为0.680g(g为重力加速度)和0.655g。试验中输入的加速度幅值为地震动记录的0.9倍。
图8中给出了采用柔度法纤维单元的模拟结果与试验结果的质心相对位移时程曲线。对比发现,对于XY方向的位移峰值大小及对应时刻模拟结果与试验结果基本一致,且在位移达到峰值前两曲线吻合较好;达到峰值点后,模拟结果与试验结果有一定差别,主要原因可能是试验中试件底部纵筋发生压屈,导致试件整体刚度有所降低,位移响应较大,而模拟模型未能考虑钢筋的屈曲效应。
图9给出了试件各面最终损伤分布。模拟得到试件各面均出现较大受拉损伤,在试件高度1 m以下试件受拉损伤达到1,与试验中出现的受拉裂缝位置较为吻合。模拟得到试件受压损伤主要集中在底部,M面损伤最为严重,且M面底部两端损伤达到1,即混凝土完全压碎;P面损伤最轻。模拟得到的损伤分布与试验结果较为一致,从而验证了模拟模型的有效性。
模拟模型可以较好地模拟试件的动力响应,同时可以较准确地显示试件的损伤状态和薄弱部位。
为了研究上述振动台试件的破坏过程,增加试件损伤响应,将地震动幅值调整为之前输入地震动记录的1.3倍进行输入。
质心相对位移时程曲线如图10所示。由于地震动幅值的增加,试件的位移响应也有较大的增加。在2.515 s时X向位移达到最大值143.273 mm。在2.740 s时Y向位移达到最大值-194.981 mm。
试件受拉损伤较快发展到最终状态,因此,只对试件受压损伤发展过程进行分析。试件不同时刻混凝土受压损伤如图11所示。0.830 s时,试件底部全部出现受压损伤,但总体损伤程度较小,只有B面和P面底部交角处出现较大受压损伤。1.060 s时,P面底部出现较大损伤,并向B面和A面底部发展。1.980 s时,试件各面底部损伤较一致。2.515 s时,X向位移达到最大,A面底部损伤向上发展范围较大;在A面和M面底部交角处出现一定范围的混凝土完全压碎(损伤值达到1)现象;其他面受压损伤范围和程度只是略有增大。2.740 s时,Y向位移达到最大,M面底部混凝土完全压碎(损伤值达到1)范围有所增大;只有M面整体损伤程度有所增大。此后,试件整体损伤发展较缓慢,只有M面和B面底部交角处损伤有较大增加,损伤值达到1,混凝土完全压碎。12.035 s时,试件受压损伤达到最终状态,虽后续仍受到地震动作用,但损伤并未继续发展。
分析时发现钢筋损伤非常小,最大损伤只有0.115,为B面和P面交角处钢筋,该钢筋应变时程曲线及损伤发展如图12所示。钢筋损伤在应变达到峰值后稳定在0.026,随着后续应变的波动,钢筋损伤逐渐增大,直至最后时刻仍在缓慢增加。
基于结构精细化模拟分析平台RSAPS,将柔度法纤维单元模型与混凝土和钢筋单轴损伤本构模型相结合,建立了基于柔度法纤维单元模型的钢筋混凝土构件损伤分析方法。通过模拟分析得到以下结论。
(1)对钢筋混凝土柱拟静力试验的模拟分析,发现模拟模型可以较好地模拟构件在往复荷载作用下的承载力和刚度退化,模拟得到的滞回曲线与试验结果吻合较好。
(2)对钢筋混凝土柱振动台试验的模拟分析,发现模拟模型可有效模拟钢筋混凝土柱的非线性动力行为和构件的损伤分布情况。验证了模拟模型的有效性。
(3)模拟模型可以模拟构件的损伤演化过程,直观描述构件的薄弱部位;且具有较高计算效率和求解精度。从而为建筑和桥梁结构地震损伤过程分析提供一种实用分析手段。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52108481)
  • 山西省自然科学基金面上项目(202203021221115)
  • 中北大学毁伤技术重点学科实验室开放研究基金(DXMBJJ2023-02)
  • 中北大学毁伤技术重点学科实验室开放研究基金(DXMBJJ2022-01)
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402016
  • 接收时间:2024-03-21
  • 首发时间:2025-12-05
  • 出版时间:2025-01-18
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-21
  • 修回日期:2024-11-01
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国家自然科学基金(52108481)
山西省自然科学基金面上项目(202203021221115)
中北大学毁伤技术重点学科实验室开放研究基金(DXMBJJ2023-02)
中北大学毁伤技术重点学科实验室开放研究基金(DXMBJJ2022-01)
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    中北大学环境与安全工程学院, 太原 030051
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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