Article(id=1203753465248981383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1203753457208504777, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2400446, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1705334400000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-16, revisedDate=1729612800000, revisedDateStr=2024-10-23, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764926790773, onlineDateStr=2025-12-05, pubDate=1737129600000, pubDateStr=2025-01-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764926790773, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764926790773, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764926790773, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1203753457208504777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='2', pageStart='439', pageEnd='878', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764926788856, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764928745558, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1203761664261858014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1203753457208504777, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1203761664261858015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1203753457208504777, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=667, endPage=673, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1203753466087842279, articleId=1203753465248981383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Design and Implementation of a Precision Implantation System for Brain-Computer Interface Microneedle, columnId=1156262729162810294, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Automation and Computational Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

BCI (brain computer interface) is one of the important research methods in the fields of brain cognition, brain medicine and brain-like research,where the precise implantation of microelectrodes is a necessary prerequisite and important guarantee. With the rapid development of robotics, machine vision and artificial intelligence, surgical robots are gradually used in brain-computer interface implantation surgery. To meet the demand for precise implantation of microelectrodes in the somatosensory and cerebral motor cortex of SD(Sprague-Dawley) rats, a vision-guided precision implantation system for brain-computer interface microelectrodes was presented. Based on the method of machine vision to identify the key points of the rat skull, the coordinate system was established to obtain the point cloud information of the rat skull, to realize the high-precision identification and localization of the target points, and to guide the actuator to complete the electrode implantation operation. Through model analysis and animal experiments, it has been demonstrated that the implantation system can accurately identify surgical targets on the subjects, guide the actuator to swiftly penetrate the skull, and accurately and stably implant the electrodes into the target area, which effectively improves the accuracy of microelectrode implantation.

, correspAuthors=Chao LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yang-yang LIU, Han-wei CHEN, Hong-bin WANG, Bo HAN, Yong-sheng DENG, Chao LIU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1203753470185677751, articleId=1203753465248981383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=基于视觉引导的脑机接口微电极精准植入系统设计, columnId=1156262729783567290, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·自动化技术、计算机技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

脑机接口是脑认知、脑医学、类脑研究等领域的重要研究手段之一,其微电极的精准植入是该领域研究的必要前提和重要保证。随着机器人技术、机器视觉及人工智能的快速发展,手术机器人渐渐在脑机接口植入手术中使用。面向微电极在SD大鼠(Sprague-Dawley)感知与运动皮层区域的精准植入需求,设计了一台以视觉引导为基础的脑机接口微电极精准植入系统。基于机器视觉的方法识别大鼠颅骨关键点,以此建立坐标系获取大鼠颅骨点云信息,实现靶点的高精度识别与定位,引导执行机构完成电极埋植操作。通过模型分析与动物实验,该植入系统能够准确识别实验对象手术靶点,引导执行机构快速钻透颅骨并准确稳定植入电极到目标区域,有效地提高了微电极植入的准确性。

, correspAuthors=刘超, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 刘超(1985—),男,汉族,山东聊城人,博士,副研究员。研究方向:机器人系统与应用。E-mail:
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刘阳阳(1999—),男,汉族,河北沧州人,硕士研究生。研究方向:机器人系统开发。Email:

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刘阳阳(1999—),男,汉族,河北沧州人,硕士研究生。研究方向:机器人系统开发。Email:

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刘阳阳(1999—),男,汉族,河北沧州人,硕士研究生。研究方向:机器人系统开发。Email:

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Surgical robot electrode implantation statistics

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植入深度/mm 完整电极数量 损毁电极数量
2.0 10 0
2.2 10 0
2.4 10 0
2.8 10 0
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手术机器人电极植入统计

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植入深度/mm 完整电极数量 损毁电极数量
2.0 10 0
2.2 10 0
2.4 10 0
2.8 10 0
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Results of results of surgical robot microelectrode implantation

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编号 植入位点 植入结果
WX1 M1 完整植入
WX2 M1 完整植入
WX3 M1 完整植入
WX4 M1 植入失败*
WX5 M1 完整植入
WX6 M1 完整植入
WX7 M1 完整植入
WX8 M1 完整植入
WX9 M1 完整植入
WX10 M1 完整植入
WX11 M1 完整植入
), ArticleFig(id=1203787160613794735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1203753465248981383, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

手术机器人微电极植入结果统计

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编号 植入位点 植入结果
WX1 M1 完整植入
WX2 M1 完整植入
WX3 M1 完整植入
WX4 M1 植入失败*
WX5 M1 完整植入
WX6 M1 完整植入
WX7 M1 完整植入
WX8 M1 完整植入
WX9 M1 完整植入
WX10 M1 完整植入
WX11 M1 完整植入
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基于视觉引导的脑机接口微电极精准植入系统设计
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刘阳阳 1, 2 , 陈汉威 3 , 王宏彬 2 , 韩博 3 , 邓永胜 1 , 刘超 3, *
科学技术与工程 | 论文·自动化技术、计算机技术 2025,25(2): 667-673
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·自动化技术、计算机技术 2025, 25(2): 667-673
基于视觉引导的脑机接口微电极精准植入系统设计
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刘阳阳1, 2 , 陈汉威3, 王宏彬2, 韩博3, 邓永胜1, 刘超3, *
作者信息
  • 1 东北大学机械工程与自动化学院, 沈阳 110819
  • 2 海安上海交通大学智能装备研究院, 南通 226600
  • 3 上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院, 上海 200240
  • 刘阳阳(1999—),男,汉族,河北沧州人,硕士研究生。研究方向:机器人系统开发。Email:

通讯作者:

* 刘超(1985—),男,汉族,山东聊城人,博士,副研究员。研究方向:机器人系统与应用。E-mail:
Design and Implementation of a Precision Implantation System for Brain-Computer Interface Microneedle
Yang-yang LIU1, 2 , Han-wei CHEN3, Hong-bin WANG2, Bo HAN3, Yong-sheng DENG1, Chao LIU3, *
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
  • 2 Haian Institute of Intelligent Equipment, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Nantong 226600, China
  • 3 School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
出版时间: 2025-01-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2400446
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脑机接口是脑认知、脑医学、类脑研究等领域的重要研究手段之一,其微电极的精准植入是该领域研究的必要前提和重要保证。随着机器人技术、机器视觉及人工智能的快速发展,手术机器人渐渐在脑机接口植入手术中使用。面向微电极在SD大鼠(Sprague-Dawley)感知与运动皮层区域的精准植入需求,设计了一台以视觉引导为基础的脑机接口微电极精准植入系统。基于机器视觉的方法识别大鼠颅骨关键点,以此建立坐标系获取大鼠颅骨点云信息,实现靶点的高精度识别与定位,引导执行机构完成电极埋植操作。通过模型分析与动物实验,该植入系统能够准确识别实验对象手术靶点,引导执行机构快速钻透颅骨并准确稳定植入电极到目标区域,有效地提高了微电极植入的准确性。

脑机接口  /  微电极  /  钻植机构  /  多轴联动  /  位姿识别

BCI (brain computer interface) is one of the important research methods in the fields of brain cognition, brain medicine and brain-like research,where the precise implantation of microelectrodes is a necessary prerequisite and important guarantee. With the rapid development of robotics, machine vision and artificial intelligence, surgical robots are gradually used in brain-computer interface implantation surgery. To meet the demand for precise implantation of microelectrodes in the somatosensory and cerebral motor cortex of SD(Sprague-Dawley) rats, a vision-guided precision implantation system for brain-computer interface microelectrodes was presented. Based on the method of machine vision to identify the key points of the rat skull, the coordinate system was established to obtain the point cloud information of the rat skull, to realize the high-precision identification and localization of the target points, and to guide the actuator to complete the electrode implantation operation. Through model analysis and animal experiments, it has been demonstrated that the implantation system can accurately identify surgical targets on the subjects, guide the actuator to swiftly penetrate the skull, and accurately and stably implant the electrodes into the target area, which effectively improves the accuracy of microelectrode implantation.

brain-computer interface  /  micro electrode  /  drilling and planting mechanism  /  multi-axis coordination  /  pose recognition
刘阳阳, 陈汉威, 王宏彬, 韩博, 邓永胜, 刘超. 基于视觉引导的脑机接口微电极精准植入系统设计. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (2) : 667 -673 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2400446
Yang-yang LIU, Han-wei CHEN, Hong-bin WANG, Bo HAN, Yong-sheng DENG, Chao LIU. Design and Implementation of a Precision Implantation System for Brain-Computer Interface Microneedle[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (2) : 667 -673 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2400446
脑机接口(brain computer interface,BCI),作为脑科学与类脑研究的一种重要脑电信号交互方式,不依赖人体的外周神经系统及肌肉组织,在人或动物大脑与外部设备之间创建的直接连接,实现人脑与计算机或其他电子设备通信和控制,备受研究者的青睐并取得了一系列研究成果[1-3]。脑机接口既是人类了解和提高脑功能的重要手段,又是一种全新的通信和控制方式,在康复医学、脑认知和控制领域有广泛的应用前景。脑电信号的采集、处理与分析,是研究脑机接口技术的关键[4]。按照大脑进入程度的划分,脑机接口可分为非侵入式、半侵入式和侵入式。相比之下,侵入式的脑机接口直接和大脑里面的神经元接触,它的准确率和主要性能高于非侵入式和半侵入式,这也是当前研究的热点。大鼠开颅手术一直具有挑战性,手术过程中会导致出血、颅底脑组织暴露于环境中。因此,在尽量减少损伤的情况下将微电极安全高效精准植入,是该领域研究的必要前提和重要保证[5]
Hongo等[6]对于NeuRobot系统在神经外科的应用研究以及Sutherland等[7]将NeuroArm引入临床手术都表明,手术机器人能够提高手术精度,但NeuroArm和NeuRobot等神经手术机器人采用主从控制的方法,需要有经验的医生在术前进行大量练习。 Dorfer 等[8]在电极植入时应用的iSys1半自动神经手术机器人在术中的作用有限,普遍存在手动进行初步定位和更换末端执行件的问题,需要医生完成大部分手术任务额外的工作。这两类神经手术机器人自动化程度偏低,仍然保留了较多的人工操作。Dotson等[9]设计了一种用于电极阵列的微驱动植入设备,可以在头骨固定植入模块后自动植入电极,并随时改变电极的植入深度,但这种植入方法容易造成出血和免疫反应,并且在头骨上固定植入模块也会导致发炎等现象。Nycz等[10]研制了一种在核磁共振洞中自动植入超声波消融探针的设备,但其精度仅在毫米量级,相比人工手术没有明显优势。Hanson等[11]设计了一种微米精度快速穿破硬脑膜进行电极植入的设备,但其未参与电极植入设备的自动化集成工作。
立体定向技术是应用手术坐标系精确定位参考点和靶点的技术,是大多数脑外科手术的前提。近年来,随着磁共振成像、计算机断层扫描、人工智能和机器视觉等相关技术的发展,出现了大量用于人脑手术的立体定向技术[12-14],大量的动物神经研究需要通过立体定向手术在动物脑内植入微型装置。啮齿动物是目前应用最广泛的动物脑实验对象之一。Marisetty等[15]使用红外光相机对头部进行三维扫描,重建得到的模型与术前获取的CT/MRI图像配准,为自动开颅系统提供定位功能。Lü等[16]使用两个CCD(charge coupled device)相机为小鼠颅骨进行三维重建,获取啮齿类动物颅骨的三维点云,并通过定位小鼠脑部深层的核团验证立体手术系统的精度。
基于以上分析,现设计一台以视觉引导为基础的脑机接口微电极精准植入系统。首先通过对大鼠颅骨实验流程及需求分析,搭建基本运动平台,在识别过程中,基于机器视觉立体定向方法,识别大鼠颅骨关键点并以此建立坐标系获取大鼠颅骨点云信息。之后通过手眼标定和运动学分析建立机器人运动学求解模型,实现运动基台的高精度定位。最后搭建不同模块间的通信,通过交互软件控制钻刀的微运动完成颅骨的钻孔与开窗,夹爪的高精度微运动实现微电极的精准植入。
本文研究中自主设计的微电极精准植入系统主要包括钻植机构、视觉模块和交互软件三部分。整体架构如图1所示。
精准植入系统由上位机进行各模块调用,利用视觉模块获取实验对象信息并选取手术点位,并将点位信息传输到上位机中。视觉定位完成,上位机开始执行手术程序,开颅模块与植入模块由四自由度移动平台定位到指定位置,并由单片机开发板控制启动与停止。将整体实验划分为不同阶段,程序执行过程中,人机界面显示各运动模块的参数并提供程序各阶段执行指令的交互按钮。
钻植机构的机械结构设计部分主要包括基本运动平台和手术执行模组。实验大鼠颅骨手术部位较小,长度约为20 mm,宽度约为15 mm,手术执行过程中,在颅骨钻孔点位拧紧固定颅钉以及在电极与颅骨间涂抹固定胶进行电极固定工作仍需实验人员手动完成,故基本运动平台的x轴、y轴和z轴滑台设计采用较长的位移距离,为手术过程提供精确的运动定位以及必要的操作空间,其建模如图2所示。此外,由于植入电极针脚脆弱,为保证电极准确稳定植入,在z轴末端增加精密气缸带动手术执行模组完成电极植入动作。
手术执行模组的构成如图3所示,该执行模组固定于4自由度移动平台的r轴上,平台末端齿轮副配合轴承实现r轴的定角度转动,完成颅骨钻孔模块及电极植入模块的切换。钻孔模块设计侧重于刚度提升与质量减轻,在万转条件下可输出稳定钻削力。电极植入模块末端夹爪设计为可更换结构,并采用3D打印技术进行加工,以满足不同实验个体或同一实验个体在不同阶段可能需植入不同形状的电极的需求。
在脑机接口植入手术中,手术机器人操作的准确性需要借助可靠的视觉信息,对于靶点的识别与定位具有高依赖性,故视觉模块的设计采用双目空间点云相机模组。
交互软件界面分为窗口显示区、参数监控区与系统控制区三大模块。窗口显示区依据点云相机扫描所获得的颅骨点云图像,为实验人员提供一个直观界面以选取目标操作点;参数监控区则实时显示各运动轴在手术过程中的运动速度及其位置信息;系统控制区包含对钻植机构各运动轴的单独调试、开颅模块转速的调节、植入模块夹爪的闭合控制以及实验过程中预定程序的选择功能。
通过双目视觉原理实现对颅骨特定区域的三维空间定位及颅骨平面法向量的精确计算,进而对颅骨的平面定位及其位姿进行精确估计。
图4为大鼠脑图谱中定义的坐标系统,定义冠状缝合线最佳拟合曲线的中点为原点Bregma点,人字缝合线最佳拟合曲线的中点为Lambda点。前后(anteroposterior, AP)轴穿过Bregma点和Lambda点,中线 (medial-lateral, ML)轴平行于耳间线,背腹侧(dorsoventral, DV)轴垂直于AP和ML轴。姿态估计旨在实际大鼠头骨中找到该坐标系。
首先,选取点云相机拍摄的任意两张具有完整颅骨信息的图片如图5(a)所示。动物颅骨表面图像的采集在一定程度上受到相机视野内其他物品的影响,因此根据头骨的近似位置的先验知识,找到只包含颅骨的感兴趣区域。图5(b)中冠状缝合线、矢状缝合线和三角缝合线在图像中的深色特征使其与周围区域易于区分,后续处理中为进一步增强对比度,对灰度图像进行二值化处理得到图5(c)。由于血液中的色素附着在特定缝合线附近,导致对比度下降及反射强度的不均匀性,传统的固定阈值二值化方法可能造成信息丢失。因此,采用自适应阈值的二值化方法,将图像分割成小区域,并在每个区域中计算高斯加权像素的阈值,以确保对颅骨表面的有效提取。在动物颅骨点云的采集与预处理中,利用欧氏聚类算法对颅骨点云进行分割以实现在手术场景中准确提取颅骨点云。
基于医学上对前囟、后囟的权威定义,采用抛物线拟合方法来精确拟合冠状缝合线、矢状缝合线和人字缝合线,以实现关键特征点的精确识别和定位,过程如图5(d)图5(f)所示。考虑到冠状缝合线和人字缝合线中点的精确定位难度较高,研究设定了一种假设:将矢状缝线的拟合曲线与沿冠状缝线最佳拟合曲线的交点设定为Bregma点,与沿人字缝线最佳拟合曲线的交点设定为Lambda点。实验表明,空间抛物线能够有效拟合上述3种缝合线,并且准确求得两个关键的交点,即Bregma点和Lambda点。此外,计算两幅图像中表示Bregma点和Lambda点的像素坐标,如图5(e)所示。通过获取用于图像采集的双目相机之间镜头的位姿关系,可以推算出Bregma点和Lambda点的立体空间位置,该两点被标记在图5(f)的颅骨点云中。
在颅骨坐标系中,AP轴被定为在Bregma和Lambda两点的连线上。确定AP轴后,需要在中间面内识别一对对称点,用来明确ML轴的方向。如图6所示,首先定义一个中垂面Plane Q,该平面垂直于AP轴,定义Plane Q与颅骨点云交线为Curve S,在中垂面Plane Q上以其与前囟和后囟连线的交点为圆心作圆,半径尺寸以最大程度接近颅骨点云的边界。ML轴的方向由圆与颅骨点云相交所得的一对几何对称点M1、M2确定。最后根据右手坐标系规则,即
D V = M L × A P
确定垂直于AP轴与ML轴所在平面的DV轴,并且三轴所在直线相较于一点。最终确定颅骨位姿的三维坐标系。
本系统利用视觉模块确定大鼠颅骨的空间定位,在植入手术之前将动物脑部位姿调整至水平,同时提供在个体差异情况下颅骨前囟和后囟的精确三维坐标,并将动物脑图谱中目标脑区的位置计算并转换为颅骨坐标系,引导机器人执行手术。
各坐标系位置关系如图7所示。坐标系{xOy}、{x1O1y1}、{x2O2y2}、{x3O3y3}、{x4O4y4}分别为运动平台基座坐标系、固结于运动基台末端骨钻坐标系、固结于运动基台末端夹爪坐标系、空间点云相机坐标系、固定于底板的大鼠颅骨坐标系。其中固结于运动基台末端的骨钻与夹爪机构,各自工作时通过无刷电机变换到竖直放置姿态。
对于空间中任意两坐标系,固定其中一坐标系,通过旋转,平移另一坐标系,可实现两坐标系完全重合,旋转角度与平移距离组成的4×4矩阵代表两坐标系空间位姿关系。
图7中骨钻为竖直状态。以骨钻坐标系{x1O1y1}为例,与运动平台基座坐标系{xOy}、固定于底板的大鼠颅骨坐标系{x4O4y4}的转换关系为
4 0T = 2 0 T 4 2T
式(2)中: 4 0T为大鼠颅骨坐标系{x4O4y4}相对于运动平台基座坐标系{xOy}的4×4转换矩阵; 2 0T 4 2T同理。
通过矩阵相乘的方式,进行坐标系间坐标关系的传递。
空间点云相机固定在基座上,坐标系{xOy}、 {x3O3y3}、{x4O4y4}的相对位姿始终保持不变,3个坐标系间的转换关系为
4 0T = 4 3 T 3 0T
求解出相机坐标系{x3O3y3}与基台底座坐标系{xOy}的位姿转换矩阵,即
3 0T = 3 4 T 4 2 T 2 0T
颅骨手术实验中,空间点云相机进行颅骨扫描,Ap为大鼠颅骨在点云相机坐标系{x3O3y3}下的坐标信息,Bp为运动平台基座坐标系{xOy}下颅骨手术点位坐标信息。坐标关系为
A p 1 = 3 0T B p 1
由式(5)可求解视觉模块点位信息在运动模块中的表达,得到手术机器人各驱动轴运动轨迹目标点位。
基于2.1节中算法进行动物颅骨位姿估计,首先将颅骨固定在可以绕预先定义的世界坐标系xyz轴旋转的实验平台上,通过多次调节弧度台的角度值(作为真值),将算法结果与真值进行对比来验证算法精确性。
搭建基于视觉和多轴联动的埋植系统如图8所示,视觉模块提供颅骨扫描点云与颅骨手术点位信息;交互软件通过以太网形成视觉模块与钻植机构的双向通信;钻植机构在视觉模块的引导下完成实验手术操作。鉴于在实验环境下,颅骨作为实验区域相对较小,且植入电极过程中可能出现视线遮挡,从而给实验操作带来难度,因此,在不影响实验操作的前提下引入了额外的3个辅助微型摄像头,以协助实验人员对手术全过程的观察与记录。
在浙江大学郑能干教授课题组成员的协助下,完成了成年雄性SD大鼠的电极埋植实验。所有手术过程均按照浙江大学《实验动物护理与实用指南》进行。
首先对棋盘格标定板进行手眼标定获取运动平台基座坐标系与空间点云相机坐标系的两组坐标值,并计算坐标转换矩阵。大鼠脑机接口埋植活体实验开始时,手术流程如图9所示。①将大鼠麻醉后,固定在脑立体定位仪上。进行消毒后切开头皮,露出颅骨上表面;②使用点云相机扫描大鼠颅骨,选取实验点位;③控制多轴联动基台在垂直于实验点位的上方进行钻孔和开窗;④钻头退回,实验人员在颅骨钻孔位置拧入颅钉并缠绕地线;⑤借助多轴联动基台夹爪模块植入电极,同时使用显微镜进行观察记录;⑥使用牙科水泥固定电极。
植入电极如图10所示,电极末端针脚受限于制造工艺,强度较低,通过多次不同深度的电极植入操作,以判断精密基台的稳定性。
采用3种固定方式分别验证xyz轴的估计精度,每个轴的实验次数为10次。实验结果表明,AP、ML和DV轴的位姿估计误差分别为:(0.17±0.10)°、(0.10±0.04)°、(0.14±0.06)°。利用ICP算法将不同位姿的颅骨点云配准到一个统一的位姿,并将相应估计的Bregma和Lambda点的位置变换到该位姿,得到Bregma点的定位精度为0.078 mm, Lambda点的定位精度为0.092 mm。
对电极进行了不同深度各10次的植入操作。如表1所示,精密平台的动作精度与平稳性在当前电极强度下满足大鼠植入需求。
经过11只活体大鼠完整电极埋植实验,手术结果如表2所示。正常操作下精密基台的实验流程不会对大鼠造成重大生命损伤,保证大鼠的存活率以便进行后续实验。
在11次手术机器人微电极植入实验中,成功植入目标位点次数10次,电极完整植入率达到90.9%。同时,实验执行图9(b)~图9(e)过程平均耗时1 h,相比原人工操作节省30 min,并且在当前电极情况下,由于电极针脚强度低的原因,人工无法实现在指定脑区电极的顺利植入与固定工作。综上所述,11次微电极植入实验证明该精密基台在大鼠脑机接口植入工作上,可以充分完成实验任务,提高实验效率,在低强度微小零件的简单但精细操作中,有着更大的优势。7 结论
面向SD大鼠脑机接口微电极的钻植环节,通过分析实验对象个体的差异性以及手术操作的复杂多变过程,设计了一台基于视觉引导的脑机接口微电极精准植入设备。根据实验操作流程,设计了视觉模块与钻植机构,利用视觉快速扫描精确定位获得大鼠颅骨表面位置信息,开发交互软件实现精密基台不同模块的通信连接,利用C++进行实验中的数据计算。在精准植入系统上开展了SD大鼠脑机接口微电极植入实验,得到以下结论。
(1)开发的视觉模块快速扫描大鼠颅骨,在点云中准确地识别了大鼠颅骨的特征点位以及空间位姿,为运动平台的运动规划与钻削模块的工作区域选择提供了丰富且准确的指导信息。
(2)使用搭建的钻削与植入模块对大鼠颅骨进行手术操作,以微电极完整植入目标位点且大鼠顺利存活为评价指标,验证了植入系统的可行性,对手术的全部流程进行了记录并重点测量了电极植入这一关键步骤的成功率。
(3)搭建的精准埋植系统完成了大鼠活体实验,实现了视觉模块与多运动模块的协同工作,降低了工程技术人员的操作难度并节省了手术时间,提升了实验大鼠开颅与植入部分的效率。
  • 上海市自然科学基金(Z1ZR1430700)
  • 国家重点研发计划(2020YFB1313500)
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2025年第25卷第2期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2400446
  • 接收时间:2024-01-16
  • 首发时间:2025-12-05
  • 出版时间:2025-01-18
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-16
  • 修回日期:2024-10-23
基金
上海市自然科学基金(Z1ZR1430700)
国家重点研发计划(2020YFB1313500)
作者信息
    1 东北大学机械工程与自动化学院, 沈阳 110819
    2 海安上海交通大学智能装备研究院, 南通 226600
    3 上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院, 上海 200240

通讯作者:

* 刘超(1985—),男,汉族,山东聊城人,博士,副研究员。研究方向:机器人系统与应用。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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