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The physical properties lower limits of oil-gas charging in tight sandstone reservoirs are identified through a large number of core test and analysis data. The Chang8 reservoir types, pore-throat structure, and physical properties were clarified. Methods such as oil-gas occurrence, displacement pressure, physical property statistics, oil recovery index, and minimum pore-throat radius were employed to determine the current reservoir physical properties lower limit. By integrating the period of hydrocarbon accumulation and pore evolution, the critical physical properties during oil-gas charging were inverted. The results show that the reservoir types of Chang 8 are mainly feldspar sandstone and lithic feldspar sandstone in Fuxian area, with complex pore-throat relationship. These reservoirs are classified as tight reservoirs with low to extra-low porosity and extra-low to ultra-low permeability. It is preferred that the physical properties lower limits of the current reservoir are 7.0% and 0.15 mD, respectively. For inversion of oil-gas charging in Phase I (192.5~152.0 Ma), the lower limits of physical properties are 20.8% and 7.37 mD, respectively, for oil-gas charging in Phase II (152.0~126.0 Ma), the lower limits of physical properties are 8.2% and 0.22 mD. For oil-gas charging in Phase III (65.0~36.5 Ma), the lower limits of physical properties are basically consistent with the current lower limits of physical properties. The research findings provide an significant geological basis for the evaluation of reservoir and the prediction of favorable in the study area.

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为了查明致密砂岩储层油气充注物性下限。通过大量岩心化验数据分析,明确长8储层类型、孔喉结构及物性情况。利用含油产状(试油)法、排驱压力法、统计学法、每米采油指数法、最小孔喉半径法等厘定有效储层现今物性下限,结合油气成藏时序与孔隙演定量化,反演油气充注期物性临界值。结果表明:富县地区长8储层类型以长石砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩为主,孔喉关系复杂,为低—特低孔、特低—超低渗致密储层;优选出现今长8有效储层临界下限值分别为7.0%和0.15 mD;反演Ⅰ期油气充注(距今192.5~152.0 Ma),物性下限值分别为20.8%和7.37 mD,Ⅱ期油气充注(距今152.0~126.0 Ma),物性下限值分别为8.2%和0.22 mD,Ⅲ期油气充注(距今65.0~36.5 Ma),为调整逸散,与现今物性下限基本一致。研究结果可为该区储层含油性评价与有利区预测提供地质依据。

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丁超(1983—),男,汉族,吉林吉林人,博士,副教授。研究方向:盆地构造与油气成藏年代学。E-mail:

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丁超(1983—),男,汉族,吉林吉林人,博士,副教授。研究方向:盆地构造与油气成藏年代学。E-mail:

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丁超(1983—),男,汉族,吉林吉林人,博士,副教授。研究方向:盆地构造与油气成藏年代学。E-mail:

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doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=50, issue=3, pageStart=481, pageEnd=490, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=胡素云, 陶士振, 王民, journalName=石油勘探与开发, refType=null, unstructuredReference=胡素云, 陶士振, 王民, 等. 陆相湖盆致密油充注运聚机理与富集主控因素[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2023, 50(3): 481-490, 529., articleTitle=陆相湖盆致密油充注运聚机理与富集主控因素, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203787159808484096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1203753463315411575, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=50, issue=3, pageStart=481, pageEnd=490, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=Hu Suyun, Tao Shizhen, Wang Min, journalName=Petroleum Exploration and Development, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hu Suyun, Tao Shizhen, Wang Min, et al. 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GR为自然伽马;SP为自然电位

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Statistics of different fillings components of Chang8 reservoir instudy area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
层位 参数 杂基/% 胶结物/%
泥质 绿泥石 方解石 石英加大 长石加大
长8 最值范围 1.0~7.0 1.0~6.0 1.0~13 1.0~3.0 1.0~3.0
平均值 2.7 2.3 3.4 1.4 1.4
), ArticleFig(id=1203787158126568048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1203753463315411575, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究区长8储层砂岩填隙物组分百分含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
层位 参数 杂基/% 胶结物/%
泥质 绿泥石 方解石 石英加大 长石加大
长8 最值范围 1.0~7.0 1.0~6.0 1.0~13 1.0~3.0 1.0~3.0
平均值 2.7 2.3 3.4 1.4 1.4
), ArticleFig(id=1203787158252397181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1203753463315411575, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Statistical of sandstone mercury injection parameters of Chang 8 reservoir in study area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 排驱压力/MPa 中值压力/MPa 中值半径/μm 分选系数 均值 最大SHg/% 退汞效率/%
最值范围 0.11~22.31 1.01~66.29 0.01~0.73 0.02~4.89 0.02~14.10 12.5~98.3 3.7~51.1
平均值 2.57 12.93 0.15 0.82 5.42 78.6 27.0
), ArticleFig(id=1203787158382420614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1203753463315411575, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

研究区长8储层砂岩压汞参数统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 排驱压力/MPa 中值压力/MPa 中值半径/μm 分选系数 均值 最大SHg/% 退汞效率/%
最值范围 0.11~22.31 1.01~66.29 0.01~0.73 0.02~4.89 0.02~14.10 12.5~98.3 3.7~51.1
平均值 2.57 12.93 0.15 0.82 5.42 78.6 27.0
), ArticleFig(id=1203787158508249747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1203753463315411575, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comprehensive analysis of lower limits of Chang 8 effective reservoir properties in Fuxian Area

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方法 特点与适用性 孔隙度/% 渗透率/mD
含油产状(试油)法 需要大量的试油数据与取心观察分析,成本较高。广泛应用于致密储层有效厚度物性下限分析,可靠性较高,为核心技术 ≥7.0~7.5 ≥0.12
排驱压力法 基于高压压汞数据,要求取心具有连续性和完整性,物性数据覆盖较全面,临界转折点多解性强。适用取心较多的低—高孔渗储层,可靠性一般,为辅助技术 ≥7.0 ≥0.15
统计学法 依据大量岩心化验分析数据,通过统计学的方法,获得有效储层物性下限。适用于油藏丢失产能较为明显的低—高孔渗储层,可靠性较高,为核心技术 ≥7.0 ≥0.15
每米采油指数法 基于油藏产量的一种确定有效储层物性下限的方法,受压裂工艺和有效储层厚度的影响,每米采油指数不易确定;适用于稳产期的低-高孔渗储层,可靠性一般,为辅助技术 ≥7.0 ≥0.15
最小孔喉半径法 通过储层孔喉大小与物性相关性分析的一种方法,关键点确定束缚水膜厚度,适用于常规储层,对于致密储层可靠性一般,为辅助技术 ≥6.6 ≥0.14
综合分析 取可靠性较高的值(平均值) ≥7.0 ≥0.15
), ArticleFig(id=1203787158634078878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1203753463315411575, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

富县地区长8有效储层物性下限综合分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方法 特点与适用性 孔隙度/% 渗透率/mD
含油产状(试油)法 需要大量的试油数据与取心观察分析,成本较高。广泛应用于致密储层有效厚度物性下限分析,可靠性较高,为核心技术 ≥7.0~7.5 ≥0.12
排驱压力法 基于高压压汞数据,要求取心具有连续性和完整性,物性数据覆盖较全面,临界转折点多解性强。适用取心较多的低—高孔渗储层,可靠性一般,为辅助技术 ≥7.0 ≥0.15
统计学法 依据大量岩心化验分析数据,通过统计学的方法,获得有效储层物性下限。适用于油藏丢失产能较为明显的低—高孔渗储层,可靠性较高,为核心技术 ≥7.0 ≥0.15
每米采油指数法 基于油藏产量的一种确定有效储层物性下限的方法,受压裂工艺和有效储层厚度的影响,每米采油指数不易确定;适用于稳产期的低-高孔渗储层,可靠性一般,为辅助技术 ≥7.0 ≥0.15
最小孔喉半径法 通过储层孔喉大小与物性相关性分析的一种方法,关键点确定束缚水膜厚度,适用于常规储层,对于致密储层可靠性一般,为辅助技术 ≥6.6 ≥0.14
综合分析 取可靠性较高的值(平均值) ≥7.0 ≥0.15
), ArticleFig(id=1203787158755713705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1203753463315411575, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Quantitative calculation results of porosity evolution of sandstone in Chang8 reservoir

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参数 初始孔隙度 压实作用 减孔率 胶结作用 减孔率 溶蚀作用 增孔率 计算孔隙度 覆压校正
孔隙度/%
Φ1/% Φ2/% K1/% Φ3/% K2/% Φ4/% K3/% Φ5/%
最值范围 36.4~39.2 12.9~34.7 11.5~66.2 1.7~11.6 17.8~59.0 2.0~6.6 5.3~17.3 7.2~15.2 5.2~11.3
平均值 38.0 21.6 43.3 6.9 38.6 3.9 10.2 10.8 8.1
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长8油层组砂岩孔隙度演化定量计算结果

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参数 初始孔隙度 压实作用 减孔率 胶结作用 减孔率 溶蚀作用 增孔率 计算孔隙度 覆压校正
孔隙度/%
Φ1/% Φ2/% K1/% Φ3/% K2/% Φ4/% K3/% Φ5/%
最值范围 36.4~39.2 12.9~34.7 11.5~66.2 1.7~11.6 17.8~59.0 2.0~6.6 5.3~17.3 7.2~15.2 5.2~11.3
平均值 38.0 21.6 43.3 6.9 38.6 3.9 10.2 10.8 8.1
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致密砂岩储层油气充注物性下限厘定:以鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区长8油藏为例
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丁超 1, 2 , 郭顺 3 , 郭兰 4 , 王奇 4
科学技术与工程 | 论文·天文学、地球科学 2025,25(2): 484-493
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·天文学、地球科学 2025, 25(2): 484-493
致密砂岩储层油气充注物性下限厘定:以鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区长8油藏为例
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丁超1, 2 , 郭顺3, 郭兰4, 王奇4
作者信息
  • 1 西安石油大学地球科学与工程学院, 西安 710065
  • 2 西安石油大学陕西省油气成藏地质学重点实验室, 西安 710065
  • 3 陕西延长石油(集团)有限责任公司资源与勘探开发部, 西安 710075
  • 4 延长油田股份有限公司, 延安 716000
  • 丁超(1983—),男,汉族,吉林吉林人,博士,副教授。研究方向:盆地构造与油气成藏年代学。E-mail:

Determination of Physical Properties Lower Limits of Oil-Gas Charging of Chang8 Tight Sandstone: Taking Chang8 Reservoir in Fuxian Area, Ordos Basin as an Example
Chao DING1, 2 , Shun GUO3, Lan GUO4, Qi WANG4
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China
  • 2 Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Petroleum Accumulation Geology, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China
  • 3 Department of Resource Exploration and Development, Yanchang Oil ( Group) Limited Liability Company, Xi'an 710075, China
  • 4 Yanchang Oil Field Company, Yan'an 716000, China
出版时间: 2025-01-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2401652
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为了查明致密砂岩储层油气充注物性下限。通过大量岩心化验数据分析,明确长8储层类型、孔喉结构及物性情况。利用含油产状(试油)法、排驱压力法、统计学法、每米采油指数法、最小孔喉半径法等厘定有效储层现今物性下限,结合油气成藏时序与孔隙演定量化,反演油气充注期物性临界值。结果表明:富县地区长8储层类型以长石砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩为主,孔喉关系复杂,为低—特低孔、特低—超低渗致密储层;优选出现今长8有效储层临界下限值分别为7.0%和0.15 mD;反演Ⅰ期油气充注(距今192.5~152.0 Ma),物性下限值分别为20.8%和7.37 mD,Ⅱ期油气充注(距今152.0~126.0 Ma),物性下限值分别为8.2%和0.22 mD,Ⅲ期油气充注(距今65.0~36.5 Ma),为调整逸散,与现今物性下限基本一致。研究结果可为该区储层含油性评价与有利区预测提供地质依据。

致密储层  /  长8油藏  /  物性下限  /  油气充注  /  孔隙演化

The physical properties lower limits of oil-gas charging in tight sandstone reservoirs are identified through a large number of core test and analysis data. The Chang8 reservoir types, pore-throat structure, and physical properties were clarified. Methods such as oil-gas occurrence, displacement pressure, physical property statistics, oil recovery index, and minimum pore-throat radius were employed to determine the current reservoir physical properties lower limit. By integrating the period of hydrocarbon accumulation and pore evolution, the critical physical properties during oil-gas charging were inverted. The results show that the reservoir types of Chang 8 are mainly feldspar sandstone and lithic feldspar sandstone in Fuxian area, with complex pore-throat relationship. These reservoirs are classified as tight reservoirs with low to extra-low porosity and extra-low to ultra-low permeability. It is preferred that the physical properties lower limits of the current reservoir are 7.0% and 0.15 mD, respectively. For inversion of oil-gas charging in Phase I (192.5~152.0 Ma), the lower limits of physical properties are 20.8% and 7.37 mD, respectively, for oil-gas charging in Phase II (152.0~126.0 Ma), the lower limits of physical properties are 8.2% and 0.22 mD. For oil-gas charging in Phase III (65.0~36.5 Ma), the lower limits of physical properties are basically consistent with the current lower limits of physical properties. The research findings provide an significant geological basis for the evaluation of reservoir and the prediction of favorable in the study area.

tight reservoir  /  Chang 8 reservoir  /  lower limits of physical properties  /  oil-gas charging  /  pore evolution
丁超, 郭顺, 郭兰, 王奇. 致密砂岩储层油气充注物性下限厘定:以鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区长8油藏为例. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (2) : 484 -493 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2401652
Chao DING, Shun GUO, Lan GUO, Qi WANG. Determination of Physical Properties Lower Limits of Oil-Gas Charging of Chang8 Tight Sandstone: Taking Chang8 Reservoir in Fuxian Area, Ordos Basin as an Example[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (2) : 484 -493 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2401652
油气主要成藏时期允许油气进入圈闭并形成工业性油气藏的储层孔隙度、渗透率等参数下限值被称为成藏期物性下限[1]。油气成藏期物性下限研究对于致密储层资源潜力评价,成藏机理研究提供重要约束与参数。现今油藏下限研究是地质储量计算的核心内容,近些年,随着非常规致密储层勘探取得的成功,为油田的稳产增储提供了新的思路与领域[1-4] 。已有勘探开发实践表明,三叠系延长组是鄂尔多斯盆地内最为重要的含油层系,具有油气分布广、含油层位多、油层厚度大、孔隙度和渗透率低等特点[5-8]。致密砂岩储层主要发育在延长组的中组合长4+5、长6油层组,下组合长7、长8、长9油层组。众多学者对延长组致密砂岩储层含油层系现今物性下限进行了大量研究,获得了一定的共识。中组合致密砂岩油层物性下限为:孔隙度大于7%~8%,渗透率大于0.2 mD[2-3,9-10]。下组合致密砂岩油层物性下限为:孔隙度大于6%~7%,渗透率大于0.1~0.2 mD[11-13]。但由于致密储层的非均质性强,且成岩过程中储层经历了不同程度的后期改造,现今油层物性下限已经无法反映油气成藏充注时期储层物性特征,极大限制了致密储层含油性评价的准确性与有利区预测的精确性。
近些年,关于鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组致密储层油气成藏期物性下限研究相对较少。张凤奇等[14]通过孔隙度反演法获得了盆地东南部长7油层组早白垩世油气充注的物性下限为:孔隙度≥7.79%,渗透率≥0.10 mD。史兵兵等[15]基于地史模拟法,分析了盆地西部镇泾地区长8油层组早白垩世和晚白垩世两期油气充注的孔隙度下限分别为27.0%和17.0%,给出了先成藏后致密的新认识,并有效地指导了该区的含油性评价与有效潜力层的勘探与开发。
本次研究的长8油藏在盆地南部富县地区勘探获得了一定的工业油流,但试油的成功率较低[16-17],对于长8油层的含油性评价与成藏过程分析等科学问题急需系统认识与分析。因此,现以鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组长8油层组为研究对象,以现今油层物性下限为切入点,通过油气成藏期次研究,恢复油气成藏时间坐标,关键成藏时期,结合成岩作用与孔隙演化过程研究,定量获取油气成藏期储层孔隙度、渗透率等油气成藏物性临界参量,为鄂尔多斯盆地南部地区延长组长8油藏勘探开发提供重要依据。
研究区地处鄂尔多斯盆地陕北斜坡南部,区域上为宽缓的西倾大单斜,构造单一,地形平坦,构造圈闭不发育。鄂尔多斯盆地晚三叠世进入陆内河湖相沉积环境,在盆地周边发育了多个大型三角洲,研究区位于富县三角洲前缘区域,沉积体系多样,发育多期次多类型的砂体,形成垂向叠置横向连片的复合砂体带[图1(a)],具备形成大型岩性圈闭的有利条件[16]。已有勘探钻井资料显示,富县地区长8油层组地层厚度为80~100 m,根据区域沉积旋回特征,将长8油层组划分为长81和长82两个油层亚组[图1(b)],压裂试油日产能在0.5~9.7 t/d,显示出良好的勘探开发潜力[18-20]
长8油层组上下被长7油层组张家滩页岩和长9油层组李家畔页岩所夹持,形成了“三明治”型油气成藏组合模式。富县地区张家滩页岩厚度大(平均值为35 m),总有机碳含量(total organic carbon,TOC)为高-极高,成熟度高(Ro介于1.04%~1.08%),为研究区主力烃源岩[21-23]。盖层为长8油层组内部厚泥岩、钙质泥岩,长7油层组深湖—半深湖相泥岩成为长8油藏的区域盖层[16]。有利的生-储-盖条件为富县地区长8储层油气聚集成藏提供了基本保障。
通过对富县地区25口取心井的37块长8储层砂岩薄片鉴定结果表明,储层类型为长石砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩(图2)。其中,石英含量介于14%~28%,平均值为20.6%;钾长石含量介于30%~54%,平均值为39.5%;斜长石含量介于4%~20%,平均值为15.8%;岩屑含量介于5%~15%,平均值为9.7%。填隙物包括泥质杂基和胶结物,其中泥质杂基含量平均值为2.7%,主要发育在颗粒相对细粒的岩屑长石砂岩中;胶结物中方解石含量较高(平均值为3.4%),其次为绿泥石、石英加大、长石加大(表1)。
岩粒径介于0.16~0.23 mm,以中-细砂岩为主,总体表现为下部粒度较粗,向上逐渐变细。标准偏差介于0.66~1.09,粒度均值介于2.23~3.0,分选性中等、磨圆度较好。
储层评价中孔隙度和渗透率为两个基本参数,有效孔隙度决定了储层的储集能力,有效渗透率决定了储层的产油能力。孔隙与喉道的配置关系影响着储层的有效性。
通过已有岩心薄片观察,富县地区长8储层孔隙类型包括粒间孔(体积分数为1.83%)、长石溶孔(体积分数为0.66%)、岩屑溶孔(体积分数为0.14%)、晶间孔(体积分数为0.11%)、微裂缝(体积分数为0.03%)等,面孔率为介于0.1%~15.1%,平均值为3.78%。
富县地区长8储层35块砂岩样品高压压汞资料显示(表2),曲线形态差异较大,参数范围分布较广,排驱压力介于0.11~22.31 MPa,中值压力介于1.01~66.29 MPa,中值半径介于0.01~0.73 μm,分选系数介于0.02~4.89,最大进汞饱和度介于12.5%~98.3%,总体表现出细-微细喉道、非均质性强、连通性差等特点。结合研究区长8储层的核磁共振分析[图3(a)],品质较好储层T2截止值相对较高(介于10.43~13.44 ms),以饱和分量曲线表现为单峰,孔喉以中孔-微纳孔为主,品质一般储层T2截止值相对较低(介于8.63~9.40 ms),以饱和分量曲线表现为双峰,已微纳米-纳米孔为主。
基于25口探井100余块岩心物性化验资料,如图3(b)所示,长8储层孔隙度介于2.1%~15.1%,平均值为6.7%,渗透率介于0.03~1.07 mD,平均值为0.22 mD,总体为低-特低孔、特低-超低渗致密储层。
致密储层的储集空间、渗流能力主要受控于孔隙度和渗透率两个因素,只有达到了某一临界值以上时,储层才具有开采价值,这一临界值即为致密储层物性下限。通过大量的岩心物性分析数据,结合多井点、多层段、不同类型储层的试油、试采结果,运用统计学法、每米采油指数法等,综合确定富县地区长8油层组储层物性下限。
大量勘探钻井取心表明,岩心的含油级别与储层含油情况关系密切,且具有正相关性。鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组砂岩含油级别在油迹或油斑以上,试油结果通常可以达到工业油流[17,20,24]。此方法为本次研究的核心技术(表3)。利用富县地区长8储层110余块岩心观察,通过荧光仪测试得出油斑、油迹和荧光3个含油级别,当渗透率≥0.12 mD,孔隙度≥7%时,以油迹或油斑为主,可以划定为长8储层含油的物性下限[图4(a)]。
基于研究区长8油藏的试油、试采井的测试资料,结果为油水层、水层和干层,结合取心层段的物性分析,当渗透率≥0.12 mD,孔隙度≥7.5%时,储层流体以油水同层为主[图4(b)]。
砂岩孔喉大小,配置关系影响着储层品质的好坏,通过压汞参数的分析,编制了排驱压力与渗透率、孔隙度的关系图版[图4(c)图4(d)],微纳米—纳米孔相互连通性差,非均质性强,含油性差,排驱压力高,而中孔—微纳孔的压汞参数较好,具备较好的含油性,排驱压力低,二者之前有明显的陡坎或转折,此方法为本次研究的辅助技术(表3)。
利用富县地区FX28井、FX45井等12块长8储层砂岩压汞资料分析,当渗透率为1.50 mD,孔隙度为7%时,排驱压力变化明显,可作为有效储层临界物性分界。
鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组致密油藏勘探实践证明,累积产能丢失小于5%,储集能力小于10%,累计频率丢失小于15%,可以作为有效储层的物性下限[1-4],此方法为本次研究的核心技术,如表3所示。
根据富县地区27口探井140余块物性分析数据,换算有效储层厚度之后,在渗透率、孔隙度直方图基础之上,绘制长8储层产能丢失和储能丢失曲线。
图4(e)图4(f)可知,当渗透率下限临界值为0.15 mD时,累计丢失产能5%,累计频率丢失10%,孔隙度下限临界值为7%时,累计丢失储能8.0%,累计频率丢失12%,满足统计学法的要求,可以作为有效储层物性下限。
每米采油指数是指日产油量与含油储层厚度的比值,可作为评价有效储层的重要参数[9-13]。当每米采油指数趋近于0时,对应储层段的物性值即为下限临界点,此方法(表3)为本次研究的辅助技术。通过富县地区12口探井压裂试油数据分析,长8有效储层的每米采油指数介于0~0.6 t/m,对应岩心分析渗透率介于0.1~1.0 mD,建立渗透率与每米采油指数的拟合公式,即
J o = 2.3356 k - 0.3399
式(1)中:Jo为每米采油指数,t/m;k为渗透率,mD。
拟合公式的相关程度较高(R2=0.693 0),符合有效储层评价要求[24],当每米采油指数趋近于0时,长8有效储层渗透率下限临界值0.15 mD[图4(g)],结合渗透率与孔隙度交汇图[图3(b)],孔隙度下限临界值7.0%。
基于大量岩心与喉道分析资料表明,当喉道半径 ≤0.1 μm时,受到孔喉中毛管压力的作用,流体无法进入储层形成油气藏[25-27],此方法为本次研究的辅助技术(表3)。
根据富县地区10余口探井长8储层参数分析,孔隙喉道半径介于0.01~0.6 μm,且与渗透率具有较好的正相关性,建立了指数拟合公式,即
k = 0.0963 e 3.4741 P c
式(2)中:Pc为喉道半径,μm。
当喉道半径=0.1 μm时,长8有效储层渗透率下限临界值0.14 mD,对应的孔隙度下限临界值6.6%[图4(h)]。
通过有效储层物性下限综合分析(表3),优选含油产状(试油)法、统计学法等可靠性较高的核心技术,同时参考排驱压力法、每米采油指数法等可靠性一般的辅助技术。
综合确定富县地区延长组长8有效储层物性临界下限为:渗透率≥0.15 mD,孔隙度≥7%。对比鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组下组合有效厚度物性下限值[11-13,15],本次研究的有效储层物性下限取值合理、可靠。
根据富县地区长8储层包裹体已有研究成果[18-19],长8储层主要发育2~3期烃类包裹体。
第一期烃类包裹体主要发育在石英颗粒内部,沿着裂缝或加大边分布,在单偏光下液态烃包裹体多呈褐色,直径介于5~10 μm,烃类包裹体丰度(grains containing oil inclusions,GOI)介于3%~5%,气态烃包裹体呈深褐色,紫外荧光照射下烃类包裹体呈绿色或黄绿色荧光。盐水包裹体均一温度介于61.1~121.7 ℃,峰值温度85 ℃[图5(a)],盐度分布3.2%~14.5%[图5(b)]。
第二期烃类包裹体,主要发育在切穿石英及加大边的裂缝、方解石胶结物中,气液比值 ≤ 5%,GOI介于4%~6%,紫外荧光下呈蓝绿色荧光。盐水包裹体均一温度介于106.2~155.7 ℃,峰值温度为120 ℃[图5(a)],盐度分布在5.5%~16.3%,如图5(b)所示。
第三期烃类包裹体,主要发育在晚期方解石或切穿石英愈合裂缝中,包裹体直径一般小于7 μm,GOI介于3%~6%,紫外荧光下呈蓝白色荧光,成熟度较高。盐水包裹体均一温度介于92.2~130.5 ℃,峰值温度105 ℃[图5(a)],盐度分布4.1%~15.9%[图5(b)]。
利用与烃类共生的盐水包裹体均一温度,获取第一期至第三期的油气成藏温度。根据包裹体峰温的组合以及包裹体产状、荧光、成分分析,明确了油气成藏温度期次与时序关系,结合埋藏史—热史曲线,可以确定储层内成岩矿物形成和烃类充注的地质年代。
第一期至第二期的油气成藏温度进行投影,获得了长8储层的油气成藏年代。结果表明:早侏罗世—早白垩世(距今192.5~152 Ma)长8储层中发生了第一期油气成藏事件,油气充注的峰值年龄为182 Ma。第二期发生在早白垩世 (距今152~126 Ma),此时长8储层埋藏最深,热演化程度最大,导致了油气大规模的生成、运移、聚集成藏,峰值年龄为150 Ma。第三期发生在古近纪(距今65~36.5 Ma),为油气调整逸散阶段,新近纪以来,鄂尔多斯盆地全面进入了抬升改造阶段(图6)。
致密储层成岩作用伴随着砂岩物性的变化,分析关键成岩期孔隙度的变化特征有助于正确认识储层物性演化与油气充注成藏的关系。
参照鄂尔多斯盆地碎屑岩初始孔隙度经验公式为
Φ 1 = 20.91 + 22.9 S 0
式(3)中:Φ1为初始孔隙度,%;S0为特拉斯克分选系数。
由以上计算出富县地区长8储层砂岩原始孔隙度在36.4%~39.2%,平均值为38.0%(表4)。
压实作用后孔隙度Φ2公式为
Φ 2 = C e + P r
式(4)中:Ce为胶结物含量,%;Pr为残余粒间孔隙度,%。
根据压实作用的计算公式,获得长8储层压实后的孔隙度介于12.9%~34.7%,平均值为21.6%,对比原始孔隙度Φ1数据,得出压实孔隙度损失率在11.5%~66.2%,平均值为43.3%,如表4所示。
储层砂岩经过胶结与交代后孔隙度进一步减小,公式为
Φ 3 = Φ 2 - C e
式(5)中:Φ3为压实、胶结作用后的孔隙度,%。
胶结作用过程中长8储层孔隙度损失率介于17.8%~59.0%,平均值为38.6%,经过胶结作用后孔隙度介于1.7%~11.6%,平均值为6.9%,如表4所示。
在薄片鉴定中长8储层砂岩的溶蚀作用主要表现为长石溶孔、岩屑溶孔等。溶蚀作用所产生的次生孔隙(Φ4)使储层砂岩物性变好,增加了烃类的储集空间。溶蚀后孔隙度Φ5计算公式为
Φ 5 = Φ 3 + Φ 4
式(6)中:Φ4为残余粒间孔隙度、长石溶孔和岩屑溶孔总和,%。
溶蚀作用在物性较好的储层表现明显,增加孔隙度介于2.0%~6.6%,溶蚀作用后孔隙度介于7.2%~15.2%,平均值为10.8%,经过覆压校正后,孔隙度平均值为8.1%(表4)。
根据富县地区油气充注期次与孔隙演化过程,结合已有的成岩演化分析,长8储层经历了机械压实(压溶)作用→孔隙度减小(平均值为21.6%)→Ⅰ期油气充注→大量胶结物生成(孔隙度<10%,已经致密化)→Ⅱ期油气充注(溶蚀孔隙增加)→Ⅲ期油气充注(构造抬升)→孔隙度增加(平均值10.8%),具有“先致密后成藏”的特点(图6)。
油气充注物性下限为现今有效储层物性下限与油气充注成藏期物性变化差值之和。Ⅰ期油气充注发生在早侏罗世(距今192.5 Ma),Ⅱ期油气充注发生在早白垩世(距今152 Ma),孔隙度变化值分别为13.5%、1.2%,厘定两期油气充注有效储层孔隙度下限值分别为20.8%和8.2%,结合孔隙度与渗透率关系图[图3(b)],渗透率下限值为7.37 mD和0.22 mD。晚白垩世末以后,鄂尔多斯盆地进入了多旋回的抬升改造阶段,引发了油气的二次运移与调整逸散(Ⅲ期油气充注,距今65~36.5 Ma),演化至现今长8储层孔隙度最终为10.8%,油气充注有效储层孔隙度下限值为7.0%,渗透率下限值0.15 mD。
(1)富县地区长8储层类型以长石砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩为主,分选性中等,磨圆度较好。储集空间主要为粒间孔、长石溶孔、岩屑溶孔和晶间孔,局部见微裂缝。孔喉关系较为复杂,非均质性强,品质较好储层以中孔-微纳孔为主,品质一般储层已微纳米-纳米孔为主。储层物性较差,为低-特低孔、特低-超低渗致密储层。
(2)通过大量岩心化验分析数据,结合试油、试采资料,基于含油产状(试油)法、排驱压力法、统计学法、每米采油指数法、最小孔喉半径法等,综合分析长8有效储层物性临界下限渗透率≥0.15 mD,孔隙度≥7%。
(3)富县地区长8储层砂岩孔隙演化较为复杂,经过压实作用后,长8储层孔隙度平均值21.6%,Ⅰ期油气充注(距今192.5~152 Ma),随着大量胶结物生成,孔隙度<10%(储层致密化);Ⅱ期油气充注(距今152~126 Ma),随着油气的大量生成,溶蚀孔隙发育;构造抬升导致了油气的调整逸散(Ⅲ期油气充注),微裂缝和溶蚀孔隙导致了孔隙空间有所增加(平均值为10.8%)。
(4)根据油气成藏时序与孔隙演定量化过程,结合现今有效储层物性下限,反演油气充注期物性临界值,Ⅰ期油气充注,孔隙度下限值为20.8%,渗透率下限值为7.37 mD;Ⅱ期油气充注,孔隙度下限值为8.2%,渗透率下限值为0.22 mD,Ⅲ期油气充注,物性临界值与现今基本一致,确定的油气充注物性下限值为富县地区长8储层含油性评价及有利区预测提供重要参考。
  • 陕西省教育厅基金(20JS115)
  • 陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2017JQ4013)
  • 西安石油大学博士科研启动基金(2014BS04)
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2025年第25卷第2期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2401652
  • 接收时间:2024-03-09
  • 首发时间:2025-12-05
  • 出版时间:2025-01-18
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-09
  • 修回日期:2024-10-31
基金
陕西省教育厅基金(20JS115)
陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2017JQ4013)
西安石油大学博士科研启动基金(2014BS04)
作者信息
    1 西安石油大学地球科学与工程学院, 西安 710065
    2 西安石油大学陕西省油气成藏地质学重点实验室, 西安 710065
    3 陕西延长石油(集团)有限责任公司资源与勘探开发部, 西安 710075
    4 延长油田股份有限公司, 延安 716000
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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