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With the development of the concept of composite materials, in order to further explore the mechanical properties of composite modified recycled concrete under the coupling effect of NS (nano-SiO2) modified recycled coarse aggregate and PVA(polyvinyl alcohol) fibers, slump, cubic compression, axial compression, splitting tensile and flexural tests were carried out to study the working performance and mechanical performance changes of modified recycled coarse aggregate concrete with increasing PVA fiber content under different substitution rates. The results show that the slump of concrete increases with the increase of fiber volume. The damage of concrete is brittle, and the damage pattern of recycled concrete mixed with fiber is better. When the fiber volume content is 0.05 vol% and 0.10 vol%, the cubic compressive strength, ultimate bearing capacity, splitting tensile strength, folding strength and static elastic modulus will decrease under different regeneration and replacement rates, but all the strengths will exceed and increase when the fiber volume content is 0.15 vol%. PVA fiber will reduce the ultimate compressive bearing capacity and have different positive and negative effects on the peak strain. It is recommended to add PVA fiber with a volume content of 0.1 vol%. If PVA fiber is needed, it is recommended to use it when the regeneration and replacement rate is less than 30 wt%. In addition, it is found that the modified reclaimed coarse aggregate has good performance and can effectively replace natural aggregate or be mixed with natural aggregate in practical engineering.

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随着复合材料理念的发展,为进一步探究纳米SiO2(Nano-SiO2 ,NS)改性再生粗骨料与聚乙烯醇纤维(polyvinyl alcohol,PVA)耦合作用下复合改性再生混凝土力学性能,开展了坍落度、立方体抗压、轴心抗压、劈裂抗拉和抗折试验,研究了不同取代率下改性再生粗骨料混凝土随聚PVA纤维掺量增加的工作性能和力学性能变化规律。结果表明:随着纤维体积掺量增加,混凝土坍落度增大;混凝土破坏呈脆性,掺纤维的再生混凝土的破坏形态整体性更好;纤维体积掺量为0.05 vol%和0.10 vol%时,不同再生取代率下的立方体抗压强度、极限承载力、劈裂抗拉强度、抗折强度和静弹性模量都会有所减小,但在纤维体积掺量为0.15 vol%时,所有强度会反而超过且提高;PVA纤维会减小抗压极限承载力,对峰值应变出现不同正负效果,建议添加PVA纤维体积掺量为0.1vol%,如需添加PVA纤维,建议在再生取代率低于30 wt%使用。另外发现,改性再生粗骨料性能良好,可有效替代天然骨料或与天然骨料混合在实际工程中使用。

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肖湘(1964—),男,瑶族,广西柳州人,硕士,教授,教授级高级工程师。研究方向:混凝土结构。E-mail:

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肖湘(1964—),男,瑶族,广西柳州人,硕士,教授,教授级高级工程师。研究方向:混凝土结构。E-mail:

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肖湘(1964—),男,瑶族,广西柳州人,硕士,教授,教授级高级工程师。研究方向:混凝土结构。E-mail:

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Physical properties of nano-SiO2 colloidal solution

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外观 粒径/mm 二氧化硅含量/% pH
透明液体 10 30 9~11
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纳米SiO2胶体溶液物理性能

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外观 粒径/mm 二氧化硅含量/% pH
透明液体 10 30 9~11
), ArticleFig(id=1203787162023076757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1203753462187143730, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Physical properties of PVA fibers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
长度/
mm
直径/
μm
密度/
(g·cm-3)
抗拉强
度/MPa
弹性模
量/GPa
9 16 1.29 1 810 11.5
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PVA纤维物理性能

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长度/
mm
直径/
μm
密度/
(g·cm-3)
抗拉强
度/MPa
弹性模
量/GPa
9 16 1.29 1 810 11.5
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Performance indexes of aggregate

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种类 级配/mm 表观密度/(kg·m-3) 松散堆积密度/(kg·m-3) 空隙率/% 吸水率/% 压碎值/%
机制砂 0.00 ~4.75 2 714 1 584 41.64
NCA 4.75 ~31.5 2 750 1 787 35 0.42 8.5
RCA 4.75 ~31.5 2 646 1 611 39.1 4.85 19.8
NS-RCA 4.75 ~31.5 2 611 1 646 36.9 2.37 16.31
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粗细骨料的性能指标

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种类 级配/mm 表观密度/(kg·m-3) 松散堆积密度/(kg·m-3) 空隙率/% 吸水率/% 压碎值/%
机制砂 0.00 ~4.75 2 714 1 584 41.64
NCA 4.75 ~31.5 2 750 1 787 35 0.42 8.5
RCA 4.75 ~31.5 2 646 1 611 39.1 4.85 19.8
NS-RCA 4.75 ~31.5 2 611 1 646 36.9 2.37 16.31
), ArticleFig(id=1203787162643833785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1203753462187143730, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Mix proportion of concrete

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试件编号 水泥/(kg·m-3) 砂/(kg·m-3) 水/(kg·m-3) 粗骨料/(kg·m-3) PVA纤维/(kg·m-3)
NCA NS-RCA
R0-0 400 590 200 1 050 0 0
R0-005 400 590 200 1 050 0 0.645
R0-01 400 590 200 1 050 0 1.290
R0-015 400 590 200 1 050 0 1.935
R30-0 400 590 200 315 735 0
R30-005 400 590 200 315 735 0.645
R30-01 400 590 200 315 735 1.290
R30-015 400 590 200 315 735 1.935
R70-0 400 590 200 735 315 0
R70-005 400 590 200 735 315 0.645
R70-01 400 590 200 735 315 1.290
R70-015 400 590 200 735 315 1.935
R100-0 400 590 200 0 1 050 0
R100-005 400 590 200 0 1 050 0.645
R100-01 400 590 200 0 1 050 1.290
R100-015 400 590 200 0 1 050 1.935
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复合强化再生混凝土配合比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件编号 水泥/(kg·m-3) 砂/(kg·m-3) 水/(kg·m-3) 粗骨料/(kg·m-3) PVA纤维/(kg·m-3)
NCA NS-RCA
R0-0 400 590 200 1 050 0 0
R0-005 400 590 200 1 050 0 0.645
R0-01 400 590 200 1 050 0 1.290
R0-015 400 590 200 1 050 0 1.935
R30-0 400 590 200 315 735 0
R30-005 400 590 200 315 735 0.645
R30-01 400 590 200 315 735 1.290
R30-015 400 590 200 315 735 1.935
R70-0 400 590 200 735 315 0
R70-005 400 590 200 735 315 0.645
R70-01 400 590 200 735 315 1.290
R70-015 400 590 200 735 315 1.935
R100-0 400 590 200 0 1 050 0
R100-005 400 590 200 0 1 050 0.645
R100-01 400 590 200 0 1 050 1.290
R100-015 400 590 200 0 1 050 1.935
), ArticleFig(id=1203787163986011078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1203753462187143730, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Specimen design scheme

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试验项目 试件尺寸/(mm×mm×mm) 试件数量
立方体抗压强度 150×150×150 96
劈裂抗拉强度
抗拉强度 100×100×400 48
轴心抗压强度 150×150×300 96
静弹性模量
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试件设计方案

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验项目 试件尺寸/(mm×mm×mm) 试件数量
立方体抗压强度 150×150×150 96
劈裂抗拉强度
抗拉强度 100×100×400 48
轴心抗压强度 150×150×300 96
静弹性模量
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SiO2-PVA纤维复合改性再生混凝土力学性能
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肖湘 1, 2 , 龙泓屹 1 , 唐润东 2
科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025,25(2): 753-762
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025, 25(2): 753-762
SiO2-PVA纤维复合改性再生混凝土力学性能
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肖湘1, 2 , 龙泓屹1, 唐润东2
作者信息
  • 1 广西大学土木建筑工程学院, 南宁 530000
  • 2 南宁学院土木与建筑工程学院, 南宁 530000
  • 肖湘(1964—),男,瑶族,广西柳州人,硕士,教授,教授级高级工程师。研究方向:混凝土结构。E-mail:

Mechanical Properties of SiO2-PVA Fiber Composite Reinforced Recycled Concrete
Xiang XIAO1, 2 , Hong-yi LONG1, Run-dong TANG2
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530000, China
  • 2 School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Nanning University, Nanning 530000, China
出版时间: 2025-01-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309514
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随着复合材料理念的发展,为进一步探究纳米SiO2(Nano-SiO2 ,NS)改性再生粗骨料与聚乙烯醇纤维(polyvinyl alcohol,PVA)耦合作用下复合改性再生混凝土力学性能,开展了坍落度、立方体抗压、轴心抗压、劈裂抗拉和抗折试验,研究了不同取代率下改性再生粗骨料混凝土随聚PVA纤维掺量增加的工作性能和力学性能变化规律。结果表明:随着纤维体积掺量增加,混凝土坍落度增大;混凝土破坏呈脆性,掺纤维的再生混凝土的破坏形态整体性更好;纤维体积掺量为0.05 vol%和0.10 vol%时,不同再生取代率下的立方体抗压强度、极限承载力、劈裂抗拉强度、抗折强度和静弹性模量都会有所减小,但在纤维体积掺量为0.15 vol%时,所有强度会反而超过且提高;PVA纤维会减小抗压极限承载力,对峰值应变出现不同正负效果,建议添加PVA纤维体积掺量为0.1vol%,如需添加PVA纤维,建议在再生取代率低于30 wt%使用。另外发现,改性再生粗骨料性能良好,可有效替代天然骨料或与天然骨料混合在实际工程中使用。

再生混凝土  /  纳米SiO2  /  PVA纤维  /  工作性能  /  力学性能  /  复合改性

With the development of the concept of composite materials, in order to further explore the mechanical properties of composite modified recycled concrete under the coupling effect of NS (nano-SiO2) modified recycled coarse aggregate and PVA(polyvinyl alcohol) fibers, slump, cubic compression, axial compression, splitting tensile and flexural tests were carried out to study the working performance and mechanical performance changes of modified recycled coarse aggregate concrete with increasing PVA fiber content under different substitution rates. The results show that the slump of concrete increases with the increase of fiber volume. The damage of concrete is brittle, and the damage pattern of recycled concrete mixed with fiber is better. When the fiber volume content is 0.05 vol% and 0.10 vol%, the cubic compressive strength, ultimate bearing capacity, splitting tensile strength, folding strength and static elastic modulus will decrease under different regeneration and replacement rates, but all the strengths will exceed and increase when the fiber volume content is 0.15 vol%. PVA fiber will reduce the ultimate compressive bearing capacity and have different positive and negative effects on the peak strain. It is recommended to add PVA fiber with a volume content of 0.1 vol%. If PVA fiber is needed, it is recommended to use it when the regeneration and replacement rate is less than 30 wt%. In addition, it is found that the modified reclaimed coarse aggregate has good performance and can effectively replace natural aggregate or be mixed with natural aggregate in practical engineering.

recycled concrete  /  nano-SiO2  /  PVA fiber  /  working performance  /  mechanical properties  /  composite modified
肖湘, 龙泓屹, 唐润东. SiO2-PVA纤维复合改性再生混凝土力学性能. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (2) : 753 -762 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309514
Xiang XIAO, Hong-yi LONG, Run-dong TANG. Mechanical Properties of SiO2-PVA Fiber Composite Reinforced Recycled Concrete[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (2) : 753 -762 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309514
将废弃混凝土进行回收、处理后,将其运用于替代天然骨料生产再生混凝土(recycled aggregate concrete,RAC),对保护环境和推动社会经济可持续发展有着积极的效益[1-2]。但再生粗骨料(recycled coarse aggregate,RCA)由于破碎造成内部结构损伤,存在较多的裂缝和旧砂浆,导致再生粗骨料的物理性能普遍低于天然粗骨料,再生骨料混凝土的力学性能和耐久性也普遍低于天然骨料混凝土,限制了再生骨料混凝土的现实推广和应用[3-4]
纳米SiO2(nano-SiO2,NS)具有火山灰活性,能反应生成水化硅酸钙(C-S-H)凝胶,同时有成核效应能够促进水泥的水化,利用NS对再生粗骨料浸泡达到涂覆效果,可以有效改善RCA的缺陷[5-8]。Singh等[9]研究发现RCA浸泡在NS的胶体溶液中,RCA吸水率下降21%。Zeng等[10]研究表明RCA在NS胶体溶液浸泡后,RCA表面显微硬度从42.82 HV增加到54.12 HV。Shaikh等[11]研究表明RCA通过NS浸泡比NS直接混合搅拌有更明显的孔细化效果,RCA的孔隙率降低45.3%。Meng等[12]研究发现预浸泡期间NS的渗透使附着在RCA表面的旧砂浆致密化,从而增强了RCA性能。Li等[13]研究表明,通过用NS浸泡来预处理RCA也有效地增强RAC的抗压强度。同时,PVA纤维具有高强度、高模量、遇水分散性好等优点,已有研究表明,在水泥基材料掺入PVA纤维能够提高力学性能和耐久度[14-16],能提高RAC的劈裂抗拉性能、抗折性能和冲击性能,但其抗压性能有所降低[17-19]
通过分别单掺NS改性再生骨料(NS-RCA)或PVA纤维可以有效改善RAC的力学性能,其相关研究也较成熟,而随着复合材料理念的发展,目前对这两种材料复掺改性对RAC力学性能影响方面的研究较少。为进一步探究NS-RCA与PVA纤维耦合作用下复合改性再生混凝土的力学性能,现设计16组复合改性再生混凝土试件,通过试验记录破坏过程,研究不同NS-RCA再生取代率和PVA纤维体积掺量对其静力学性能的影响规律,以期为该类复合改性再生混凝土的深入研究和应用提供参考。
纳米SiO2胶体溶液来自上海某化工科技有限公司,胶体的外观形态如图1所示,物理性能指标如表1所示。PVA纤维来自上海某化工科技有限公司,外观形态如图2所示,纤维的物理性能指标如表2所示。细骨料采用机制砂,依照《建设用砂》(GB/T 14684—2022)[20]实测细度模数为2.9,属于中砂;天然粗骨料采用本地花岗岩碎石,再生粗骨料购买于南宁市某建筑垃圾破碎循环利用基地,外观形态如图3所示,依照《建设用卵石、碎石》(GB/T 14685—2022)[21]实测物理指标如表3所示,各组物理指标已按均值处理。试验采用海螺牌P·O 42.5级普通硅酸盐水泥,拌养用水采用自来水。
将纳米SiO2胶体溶液稀释为0.5 wt%溶液,浸泡再生粗骨料24 h后自然晾干,再与水灰比0.5的水泥净浆混合搅拌3 min后捞出,自然养护晾干,以此获取NS-RCA,其物理指标如表3所示,各组物理指标已按均值处理。
试验设计NS-RCA取代率为0wt%、30wt%、70wt%和100wt%,PVA纤维掺量为0vol%、0.05vol%、0.1vol%、0.15vol%。复合改性混凝土配合比如表4所示,试件测试品类如表5所示。混凝土配置采用HJW-60型搅拌机,每组试件同一批次配置,为保证纤维在混凝土中的均匀分散,采用预先干拌法[2],具体制备流程如图4所示,所有试件都进行同环境条件下28 d自然养护。试件制作与试验方法均依照规范《混凝土物理力学性能试验方法》(GB/T 50081—2019)[22]的相关规定进行,静力性能加载装置均采用RMT-301 岩石与混凝土力学试验机,试验加载装置如图5所示。
混凝土拌合物的坍落度是衡量其流动性的重要指标[23],依照《普通混凝土拌合物性能试验方法标准》(GB/T 50080—2016)[24]分别对16组混凝土拌合物进行了测试,试验如图6所示,坍落度试验结果变化如图7所示,由图7可知:在纤维体积掺量相同时,随着取代率的提高,坍落度有所减小,这主要原因是NS-RCA仍具有较高的吸水率,导致拌合物中自由水减少,流动性减小[25]。由于配合比是基于再生混凝土进行设计,天然骨料吸水率比再生粗骨料小,所以在相同配合比情况下,R0-0组的拌合物中自由水较多,造成流动性有所增大。
在取代率相同时,随着纤维体积掺量的增大,坍落度呈下降的趋势,这主要原因是PVA纤维表面积比较大,当纤维体积掺量增加则与浆体连接占用自由水就越多,造成在相同配合比下拌合自由水减小[26-28],导致混凝土坍落度下降,同时在搅拌过程发现混凝土的流动性逐渐降低,建议在施工中少掺入PVA纤维。掺纤维会造成坍落度下降,下降幅度30~56 mm。当再生取代率为30wt%时,PVA纤维掺量为0.15vol%与0vol%相比,坍落度下降了50%,说明在复合改性混凝土掺入PVA纤维会增加坍落度降低的不利影响。
图8为复合改性再生混凝土立方体抗压试验破坏图,加载初期,混凝土表面无明显裂缝产生,随着荷载的增加,试件中部开始出现裂缝,表面伴随起皮剥落,峰值荷载后试件裂缝斜向延伸,不掺纤维混凝土试件迅速剥落形成椎体,试件破碎严重,而掺纤维混凝土表面裂缝数量较少,表面剥落较少,破碎形态相对更完整,总体而言所有试件破坏表现出明显的脆性破坏。由图8可知,PVA纤维的掺入,改善了复合改性混凝土的延性,原因在于PVA纤维材料特性,在整体受压过程在混凝土内部承担内应力,在表面发挥桥联拉结作用,随着纤维掺量的增大,试件表面裂缝数量减小,至破坏时表面掉落砂浆较少,破坏形态较好。
图9为不同再生取代率和纤维掺量对复合改性混凝土立方体抗压强度的变化,可知,当纤维掺量一定时,随着取代率的增大,抗压强度逐渐减小,幅度在1.68%~23.85%。这是由于NS-RCA改性后虽然表面微裂缝致密化,但仍存在大量老旧砂浆以及老旧砂浆块,本质缺陷仍然无法有效改善,同时由于立方体受压特点,加载过程中会对其发生应力集中,加之新老砂浆黏结强度低,造成复合改性混凝土内部出现多个薄弱区域[25]
当再生取代率为0时,掺入纤维总体提高立方体抗压强度,幅度在0.79%~9.14%。在其他再生取代率的情况下,随着纤维掺量的增加,抗压强度先开始下降后上升反超,当再生取代率为100wt%且纤维体积掺量0.15vol%时,强度反而超过提高6.26%。总体而言PVA纤维对复合改性混凝土的抗压强度影响不超过13.05%。原因在于复合改性混凝土中掺入纤维会增加含气量且难以压实,密实性降低导致抗压强度下降[29-30]。当复合改性混凝土中PVA纤维掺量达到0.15vol%时,立方体抗压强度提高反超,提高幅度在5.69%~6.26%,这与类似文献[29]中抗压强度变化趋势相同,这是由于PVA纤维的掺入约束和阻止了裂缝的继续扩展,PVA纤维承担了部分内应力,缓和了裂缝尖端的继续扩展,致使复合改性混凝土抗压强度有所提高[31]
说明利用高强度PVA纤维可以有效改善复合改性混凝土抗压强度,建议纤维体积掺量在0.15vol%左右;当纤维体积掺量相同时,建议再生取代率在0wt%左右。
图10为复合改性混凝土轴心抗压试验破坏图,可知,加载初期试件无明显裂缝,随着荷载增加至峰值荷载的20%~30%时,表面砂浆层开始出现微小垂直裂缝,伴随小部分起皮剥落,当加载到峰值荷载附近,试件表面出现竖向贯通斜裂缝,这一现象在试件R0-0表现更为突出,内部砂浆层断裂,表面出现大量剥落,破坏形态完整性较差。不掺纤维时,随着再生取代率的增大,试件表面裂缝数量减小,裂缝宽度也逐渐减小,破坏形态完整性提升,说明NS-RCA的加入,提升了整体轴心受压性能。同时,也发现随PVA纤维掺量的增大,复合改性混凝土表面裂缝数量和宽度都减小,当纤维掺量为0.15vol%时,破坏形态完整性最好,由于纤维的阻裂作用,掺纤维试件破坏形态整体表现更好。同时也发现峰值荷载后试件的轴向变形持续增大,说明掺PVA增加复合改性混凝土的延性。
通过试验机系统获取棱柱体轴心受压下的应力-应变曲线,具体曲线如图11所示。图12为复合改性混凝土峰值应力随再生取代率和纤维掺量的变化情况。由图11图12可知,当掺PVA纤维时,随取代率增大,峰值应力减小,幅度在1.02%~22.73%。但在纤维掺入量为0vol%且取代率为30wt%、70wt%和100wt%时的峰值应力,分别比0wt%提高了4.36%、4.20%和0.09%,说明加入NS-RCA能有效提高再生混凝土的峰值应力。原因在于RCA通过NS浸泡,反应产生C-S-H凝胶对RCA微裂缝进行一个致密化填充,同时进行水泥净浆的覆盖,使之NS改性效果加强,改善了RCA界面过渡区的性能,使用NS-RCA有利于增加再生混凝土密实性,从而增大峰值应力,说明在轴心抗压情况下,NS-RCA可以有效替代NCA或与NCA混合使用达到相同的配合比强度。
再生取代率为0wt%时,PVA纤维对复合改性混凝土峰值应力均产生正面效果,当PVA纤维掺量0.15vol%时,峰值应力提高21.47%;在其他取代率情况下,掺PVA纤维对单轴受压的峰值应力总体是先减小后增大,在纤维体积掺入量为0.15vol%时,峰值应力反而超过提高,提高幅度在3.11%~8.05%。原因在于PVA纤维的均匀分布,可以在复合改性混凝土内部形成三维网格结构,约束和阻止了裂缝的继续扩展,纤维承担了部分内应力,与NS-RCA共同增强整体的力学效果[32]
综上所述,该方法改性骨料有效,NS-RCA对于提高试件的轴心抗压强度有利,掺入PVA纤维会降低峰值应力,但在相同再生取代率时,掺入0.15vol%PVA纤维可以增大峰值应力。
图13为复合改性混凝土峰值应变随再生取代率和纤维掺量的变化情况,可知,不同再生取代率时,掺PVA纤维对单轴受压的峰值应变影响显著;当再生取代率为0wt%时,随着PVA纤维体积掺量的增大,峰值应力点应变呈先增大后减小再增大的变化趋势,变化幅度在-9.03%~33.57%;不同再生取代率时,纤维体积掺量为0.15vol%与0vol%之间的峰值应变变化幅度在-7.6%~29.24%。
不掺入纤维时,再生取代率增大,峰值应变也增大,当取代率为70wt%时,峰值应变增加最大,为23.47%;掺入纤维出现不同正负面效果,纤维体积掺量为0.1vol%时,峰值应变随着取代率的增大而增大,增大幅度为15.87%~27.87%;纤维体积掺量为0.05vol%和0.15vol%对复合改性混凝土峰值应变均产生负面效果。原因可能为:一方面PVA纤维掺入会引起混凝土含气量增大,降低了混凝土密实度,增大峰值应变;另一方面PVA纤维发生形变后,可以承担一部分应力,提高混凝土的强度和韧性,减小峰值应变[33]
综上所述,掺PVA纤维可以延缓复合改性再生混凝土的压缩变形,减小抗压极限承载力,PVA纤维对峰值应变出现不同正负效果,建议添加PVA纤维体积掺量为0.1vol%;如需添加PVA纤维,建议在取代率低于30wt%使用。
图14展示了再生取代率和纤维掺量对复合改性再生混凝土的弹性模量的影响,可知,纤维掺量为0vol%时,随着再生取代率增大,弹性模量减小,在不同纤维掺入量下出现相同的结果,再生取代率对静压弹性模量影响不超过21.02%;在相同取代率时,随着纤维掺量的增大,弹性模量先减小后增大,变化幅度在-14.53%~18.32%。根据试验数据来看,增大再生取代率,会减小静弹性模量,随着增大纤维用量,其正负效应耦合,呈现当纤维掺量为0.15vol%时试件的静弹性模量反而超过且提高,提高幅度在1.65%~14.42%。究其原因是复合改性混凝土内部界面过渡区就比较薄弱,当掺入PVA纤维,其通过桥接作用增强混凝土整体性,且PVA纤维掺量越高,对混凝土整体性提高的效果越好,从而弥补取代率增大对混凝土静弹性模量的负面作用[34]
图15为复合改性混凝土劈裂抗拉试验破坏图,可知,试件沿着中心线上骨料与水泥砂浆界面过渡区劈裂成两块,不掺PVA纤维试件破坏形态更差且裂缝数量更多,总体所有试件呈明显的脆性破坏,试件劈裂后,可在断裂面发现许多PVA纤维。在试验加载过程中,可以听到骨料破碎的声音。产生这种现象主要是NS-RCA强度低,在试件受力过程中,无法承受压力快速破碎。
图16为试件劈裂抗拉强度随取代率和纤维掺入量的变化。由图16可知,不掺纤维时,随着取代率增大,劈裂抗拉强度增大,说明该骨料可有效增大混凝土劈裂抗拉强度,但纤维的掺入,反而会降低劈裂抗拉强度,呈整体下降趋势,下降幅度在0.3%~30.54%,且当PVA纤维掺量为0.1vol%且取代率为100wt%时强度减小最大,为30.54%。
在相同取代率时且纤维掺量为0.15vol%时,劈裂抗拉强度增大,增大幅度在4.98%~27.63%。PVA纤维的极限延伸率远大于水泥基材料,能够吸收基材开裂释放的能量,从而提高劈裂抗拉强度[35]。PVA纤维掺入会降低混凝土密实性,进而降低劈拉强度,但掺量增大时,纤维承担了部分内应力,缓和了裂缝尖端应力集中,进而提升劈拉强度,劈裂抗拉强度最优PVA纤维掺量为0.15vol%。
图17为复合改性再生混凝土抗折试验破坏形态图,在受压弹性阶段,跨中出现竖向微小裂纹,当荷载超过峰值后,微裂缝迅速发展,形成贯彻上下竖向裂缝,最终裂缝只有一条,在裂缝处仔细观察到许多PVA纤维被拔出,所有试件破坏呈脆性破坏,是典型的剪切破坏。
图18所示为试件抗折强度随取代率和纤维掺量的变化。由图18可知,该改性再生骨料可以有效增大混凝土的抗折强度,但掺入PVA纤维也同样会减小强度整体呈减小趋势,取代率100wt%时,抗折强度降低幅度在7.14%~20.87%。当再生取代率为0时,掺PVA纤维相比不掺PVA纤维抗折强度显著提升,为23.38%;在其他取代率下掺入PVA纤维,抗折强度先减小后增大,掺0.15vol%PVA纤维与不掺PVA纤维的复合改性混凝土相比,抗折强度提高幅度在2.72%~4.55%,这是因为PVA纤维在受拉区的增强作用,抑制了裂缝的发展速度,从而整体上提高了改性混凝土的抗折性能[29]
(1)使用NS-RCA能够提高再生混凝土力学性能,全取代NS-RCA混凝土与普通混凝土相比,峰值应力提升0.09%,峰值应变提升16.97%,劈裂抗拉强度提升17.12%,抗折强度提升3.08%。NS-RCA性能表现良好,可有效替代天然骨料或与天然骨料混合在实际工程中使用,但掺入PVA纤维后会产生一定负面效应。
(2)使用PVA纤维会降低复合改性混凝土流动性,掺纤维过多不利于施工。随着纤维掺量的增大,坍落度减小的趋势越明显,当再生取代率30wt%时,纤维掺量0.15vol%与0vol%相比,坍落度下降最大,为55 mm。主要原因在于NS-RCA吸水率较大,减少在相同配合比下复合改性混凝土的拌合自由水分,同时由于PVA纤维材料特性,包裹纤维水泥浆体增大,也减少了拌合自由水分,使得复合改性混凝土流动性降低。
(3)PVA纤维在复合改性混凝土中形成三维网格结构,约束和阻止了裂缝的继续扩展,纤维承担了部分内应力,缓和了裂缝尖端的继续扩展,试件破坏形态整体性更好,复合改性混凝土破坏表现出明显的脆性破坏。
(4)PVA纤维体积掺量为0.05vol%和0.10vol%时,不同再生取代率下的立方体抗压强度、极限承载力、劈裂抗拉强度、抗折强度和静弹性模量都会有所降低;在纤维体积掺量为0.15vol%时,所有强度会反而超过且提高,但提高幅度不大。
(5)总体而言,PVA纤维有助于改善复合改性混凝土的各项力学性能,复合改性混凝土建议PVA纤维体积掺量在0.15vol%左右;如需添加PVA纤维,建议在再生取代率低于30wt%使用。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52078370)
  • 广西自然科学基金青年科学基金(2023GXNSFBA026135)
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309514
  • 接收时间:2023-12-03
  • 首发时间:2025-12-05
  • 出版时间:2025-01-18
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-03
  • 修回日期:2024-10-22
基金
国家自然科学基金(52078370)
广西自然科学基金青年科学基金(2023GXNSFBA026135)
作者信息
    1 广西大学土木建筑工程学院, 南宁 530000
    2 南宁学院土木与建筑工程学院, 南宁 530000
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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