Article(id=1203753460157096958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1203753457208504777, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402873, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1713456000000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-19, revisedDate=1730908800000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-07, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764926789559, onlineDateStr=2025-12-05, pubDate=1737129600000, pubDateStr=2025-01-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764926789559, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764926789559, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764926789559, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1203753457208504777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='2', pageStart='439', pageEnd='878', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764926788856, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764928745558, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1203761664261858014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1203753457208504777, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1203761664261858015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1203753457208504777, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=494, endPage=501, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1203753461998395496, articleId=1203753460157096958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Establishment of Total Organic Carbon Prediction Method for Shale Reservoirs Using Improved Adaboost-WOA-BP Model: A Case Study of X Area in Longmaxi Formation, Sichuan Basin, columnId=1156262729351549255, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Astronomy and Geosciences, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The total organic carbon content in shale reservoirs is a crucial parameter for assessing hydrocarbon generation potential and shale gas enrichment. Accurate prediction of TOC(total organic carbon) is essential for oil and gas exploration and development. Conventional linear regression methods are limited in their predictive accuracy due to the complex nonlinear relationships among regional and well logging data. To address this issue, a prediction model based on Adaboost-WOA-BP was proposed for predicting TOC content. This model integrates WOA(whale optimization algorithm) optimized Backpropagation neural networks as weak learners within the Adaboost framework to construct a strong learner. Use of optimal natural gamma, density, acoustic time difference, and other sensitive logging parameters associated with TOC content calculation as inputs for the prediction model. Compared to conventional linear regression, BP neural networks and WOA-BP neural networks, the Adaboost-WOA-BP model demonstrates higher predictive accuracy, achieving a 95% match between predicted and measured TOC values.

, correspAuthors=Rui-jie XIE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Zhen-ming CHEN, Rui-jie XIE, Hong-chang PENG, Yao LI, Yong-qiang CAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1203753466243031542, articleId=1203753460157096958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=以改进的Adaboost-WOA-BP模型建立页岩储层的总有机碳含量预测方法:以四川盆地龙马溪组X地区页岩储层为例, columnId=1156262730077163858, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·天文学、地球科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

页岩储层总有机碳含量(total organic carbon,TOC)是页岩生烃潜力及页岩气富集程度的重要参数,其精确预测对油气勘探开发具有重要意义。常规的线性回归方法受到地区以及测井资料之间复杂的非线性关系的影响,存在预测精度有限的问题。为此提出一种Adaboost-WOA-BP预测模型来进行TOC含量的预测,将WOA(whale optimization algorithm)算法优化过的BP(backpropagation)神经网络作为Adaboost(adaptive boosting)算法的弱学习器,集成多个弱学习器进而构建一个强的学习器。优选自然伽马、密度、声波时差等与计算TOC含量相关的敏感测井参数作为预测模型的输入,通过与常规线性回归方法、BP神经网络、WOA-BP神经网络这3种方法进行对比,Adaboost-WOA-BP模型具有更高的TOC含量预测精度,预测TOC与实测TOC符合率达到95%。

, correspAuthors=谢锐杰, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 谢锐杰(1965—),男,汉族,广东揭阳人,博士,教授。研究方向:层序地层学和储层地质。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=bzkdwywtawyflVEvmtM5/A==, magXml=Js8pvL0gPLDbiKTaS4r1dA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=blBSfLh+UsyQed1pfgHFbw==, pdfFileSize=6106286, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=nrTErgIxbB5Dj+Z1fN9fNg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=5vzcwl+4s0Z0DrmjMjxTxw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

陈甄明(2001—),男,汉族,河南信阳人,硕士研究生。研究方向:油藏地球物理。E-mail:

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陈甄明(2001—),男,汉族,河南信阳人,硕士研究生。研究方向:油藏地球物理。E-mail:

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陈甄明(2001—),男,汉族,河南信阳人,硕士研究生。研究方向:油藏地球物理。E-mail:

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Wb分别为权重和偏置

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Linear regression analysis table

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序号 线性回归参数 R2
1 密度 0.509 8
2 自然伽马、密度 0.743 0
3 自然伽马、密度、声波时差 0.771 9
4 自然伽马、密度、声波时差、电阻率 0.784 1
5 自然伽马、密度、声波时差、电阻率、补偿中子 0.799 0
6 自然伽马、密度、声波时差、电阻率、补偿中子、无铀伽马 0.768 3
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线性回归方法分析表

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序号 线性回归参数 R2
1 密度 0.509 8
2 自然伽马、密度 0.743 0
3 自然伽马、密度、声波时差 0.771 9
4 自然伽马、密度、声波时差、电阻率 0.784 1
5 自然伽马、密度、声波时差、电阻率、补偿中子 0.799 0
6 自然伽马、密度、声波时差、电阻率、补偿中子、无铀伽马 0.768 3
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以改进的Adaboost-WOA-BP模型建立页岩储层的总有机碳含量预测方法:以四川盆地龙马溪组X地区页岩储层为例
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陈甄明 , 谢锐杰 * , 彭宏昶 , 李瑶 , 曹永强
科学技术与工程 | 论文·天文学、地球科学 2025,25(2): 494-501
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·天文学、地球科学 2025, 25(2): 494-501
以改进的Adaboost-WOA-BP模型建立页岩储层的总有机碳含量预测方法:以四川盆地龙马溪组X地区页岩储层为例
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陈甄明 , 谢锐杰* , 彭宏昶, 李瑶, 曹永强
作者信息
  • 长江大学地球物理与石油资源学院, 武汉 430100
  • 陈甄明(2001—),男,汉族,河南信阳人,硕士研究生。研究方向:油藏地球物理。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 谢锐杰(1965—),男,汉族,广东揭阳人,博士,教授。研究方向:层序地层学和储层地质。E-mail:
Establishment of Total Organic Carbon Prediction Method for Shale Reservoirs Using Improved Adaboost-WOA-BP Model: A Case Study of X Area in Longmaxi Formation, Sichuan Basin
Zhen-ming CHEN , Rui-jie XIE* , Hong-chang PENG, Yao LI, Yong-qiang CAO
Affiliations
  • College of Geophysics and Petroleum Resources, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
出版时间: 2025-01-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402873
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页岩储层总有机碳含量(total organic carbon,TOC)是页岩生烃潜力及页岩气富集程度的重要参数,其精确预测对油气勘探开发具有重要意义。常规的线性回归方法受到地区以及测井资料之间复杂的非线性关系的影响,存在预测精度有限的问题。为此提出一种Adaboost-WOA-BP预测模型来进行TOC含量的预测,将WOA(whale optimization algorithm)算法优化过的BP(backpropagation)神经网络作为Adaboost(adaptive boosting)算法的弱学习器,集成多个弱学习器进而构建一个强的学习器。优选自然伽马、密度、声波时差等与计算TOC含量相关的敏感测井参数作为预测模型的输入,通过与常规线性回归方法、BP神经网络、WOA-BP神经网络这3种方法进行对比,Adaboost-WOA-BP模型具有更高的TOC含量预测精度,预测TOC与实测TOC符合率达到95%。

神经网络  /  TOC含量预测  /  鲸鱼算法  /  集成算法

The total organic carbon content in shale reservoirs is a crucial parameter for assessing hydrocarbon generation potential and shale gas enrichment. Accurate prediction of TOC(total organic carbon) is essential for oil and gas exploration and development. Conventional linear regression methods are limited in their predictive accuracy due to the complex nonlinear relationships among regional and well logging data. To address this issue, a prediction model based on Adaboost-WOA-BP was proposed for predicting TOC content. This model integrates WOA(whale optimization algorithm) optimized Backpropagation neural networks as weak learners within the Adaboost framework to construct a strong learner. Use of optimal natural gamma, density, acoustic time difference, and other sensitive logging parameters associated with TOC content calculation as inputs for the prediction model. Compared to conventional linear regression, BP neural networks and WOA-BP neural networks, the Adaboost-WOA-BP model demonstrates higher predictive accuracy, achieving a 95% match between predicted and measured TOC values.

neural networks  /  TOC content prediction  /  whale optimization algorithm  /  ensemble algorithm
陈甄明, 谢锐杰, 彭宏昶, 李瑶, 曹永强. 以改进的Adaboost-WOA-BP模型建立页岩储层的总有机碳含量预测方法:以四川盆地龙马溪组X地区页岩储层为例. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (2) : 494 -501 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402873
Zhen-ming CHEN, Rui-jie XIE, Hong-chang PENG, Yao LI, Yong-qiang CAO. Establishment of Total Organic Carbon Prediction Method for Shale Reservoirs Using Improved Adaboost-WOA-BP Model: A Case Study of X Area in Longmaxi Formation, Sichuan Basin[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (2) : 494 -501 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402873
页岩储层总有机碳(total organic carbon,TOC)含量是评估页岩气勘探开发潜力的重要参数之一[1],对于确定页岩气资源丰度和勘探区块选址具有关键性意义。TOC含量直接影响着页岩气的形成和富集,因此准确预测TOC含量对于优化油气资源勘探开发策略至关重要。目前中外获取TOC的方法分为利用实验进行测定和利用测井数据进行预测两种。实验方法通过岩心分析、地球化学测试、地震学技术等手段来进行TOC含量的测定,虽然通过实验测定的TOC含量精度虽然精度高,但其成本以及测定效率有着很大的限制。对于利用测井曲线预测TOC含量,常规的方法主要有线性回归方法和ΔlogR法。线性回归方法是分析测井曲线和TOC之间的相关性,找出敏感参数,建立线性回归方程来进行TOC含量的预测。Schmoker[2]利用密度和自然伽马进行TOC的预测,李正勇等[3]和赵军龙等[4]利用多个测井参数进行最小二乘法拟合来预测TOC。这种方法受参数影响较大,大部分预测精度较低。埃克森(Exxon)和埃索(Esso)公司研究的ΔlogR法是一种比较经典的TOC预测方法[5-6],这种方法主要使用补偿声波测井曲线叠合在一条电阻率曲线上,ΔlogR幅度差反映了富含有机质烃源岩地层、含烃的储集层段和岩性差异情况。ΔlogR法在主观影响因素校多,对于过成熟的页岩储层及复杂储层适用性较低[7]
随着人工智能的发展与兴起,在油气领域引入机器学习方法已成为一种趋势[8-9]。机器学习具有强大的自主学习能力[10-12],对于各种复杂的非线性映射问题有很好的处理能力[13-15]。许多学者将机器学习方法应用于TOC含量的预测中,为TOC含量的预测提供许多新的方法。李健等[16]提出具有复杂映射能力的ConvLSTM(convolutional long short-term memory)神经网络进行TOC含量的预测,并与XGBoost(extreme gradient boosting)方法和传统方法进行对比,取得了很不错的效果;魏明强等[17]通过BP网络和支持向量机方法TOC含量的预测结果,得出机器学习方法相较于传统方法效果更好的结论;管倩倩[18]提出一种基于PCA-CNN(principal component analysis convolutional neural network)模型的页岩储层有机碳含量预测方法,通过大量的实验数据表明该方法的拟合效果优于传统方法。人工智能预测模型能够全面考虑地质参数之间的复杂相互关系,能有效地拟合复杂的非线性关系,提高TOC含量预测的准确性和可靠性。
对于Adaboost-WOA-BP模型,现利用WOA算法优化BP神经网络,结合Adaboost算法提升模型性能的能力、WOA算法全局寻优的能力和BP神经网络强大的非线性拟合能力构建一个强学习器来进行TOC含量的预测,与BP神经网络,WOA-BP神经网络进行对比来证明其网络的性能更优,与常规线性回归方法进行对比来证明其方法的有效性。
选取四川盆地龙马溪组X地区页岩储层的21口井作为数据来源。研究区位于滇黔北坳陷威信复背斜构造带,属于浅海-深海陆棚相,受多期构造运动影响,断裂、微裂缝相对发育,整体埋深较浅,部分断层封闭性较好,对形成油气藏有较大帮助。研究地层属于龙马溪早期统,形成时期约为三叠纪晚期至侏罗纪早期,主要由泥页岩构成,是主要的页岩气产出层,且研究区有机质含量高,具有良好的页岩气开采潜力。常规测井参数一般包含自然伽马、声波时差、密度、无铀伽马、补偿中子、电阻率等参数,对这些参数与实测TOC进行相关性分析,结果如图1所示。
通过进行相关性分析,实测TOC与自然伽马、密度、声波时差有较高的相关性分别为0.479 1、0.509 8、0.425 6,与补偿中子、电阻率、无铀伽马的相关性较差。因此将自然伽马、密度、声波时差这3个参数作为主要特征,其余3个参数作为次要特征来进行TOC含量的预测。
BP神经网络是一种按误差反向传播的多层前馈型网络[19],具有强大的非线性拟合,全局逼近的能力,在解决回归预测方面的问题有着非常好的效果,也是目前应用非常广泛的神经网络模型[20]。BP神经网络通常由输入层、若干隐藏层和输出层组成,如图2所示。
信号从输入层逐层向前传播,再根据误差逐层反馈调整网络的权重和偏置,通过不断的训练迭代逐步逼近真实值。受到初始参数的影响,BP神经网络有着容易陷入最优的问题。
WOA算法是一种启发式优化算法,具有较强的全局搜索能力。该算法通过维护一个鲸鱼群体,每一条鲸鱼代表一个解,并在解空间中搜索最优解。算法中包括探索阶段和利用阶段,通过随机性和局部搜索来平衡全局和局部搜索的能力。相较于大部分启发式优化算法,WOA算法的实现相对简单,无需复杂的数学推导,易于理解和实施,具有参数少以及适用于多种优化问题等优点。它已在机器学习、工程优化、神经网络等领域取得了一定的应用,并且在一些问题上表现出了良好的性能。利用WOA算法为BP神经网络在解空间中寻找一组比较优质的权重和偏置,改善BP神经网络陷入局部最优的问题。算法流程图如图3所示。WOA算法的基本实现步骤如下。
(1)初始化。确定最大迭代次数N,种群个数M,解空间S,适应度函数F(x),对每只鲸鱼X的位置进行初始化,以及计算初始适应度集合T
(2)更新位置。鲸鱼的捕食行为分为包围猎物、螺旋捕食和搜索捕食,对应3种位置更新方式。
找出当前最优鲸鱼个体X*后,其他鲸鱼开始逐步向最佳个体靠近,即为包围猎物,位置更新的计算公式为
X n e w = X * - A D
式(1)中:Xnew为更新后位置。
D = C X * - X o l d C = 2 r 1 A = 2 a r 2 - a a = 2 - 2 n N
式(2)中:Xold为更新前位置;AC为系数向量;r1r2为0~1的随机数;a随着迭代次数的增加从2到0逐渐线性减少。
在包围猎物的时候,鲸鱼可能不会向当前最佳鲸鱼个体靠近,而是从当前鲸鱼群体中随机选择一条鲸鱼个体Xrand靠近,即为搜索捕食,这一行为通过A的取值来判断式(3),当A处于(-1,1)中,鲸鱼进行包围猎物行为,反之鲸鱼进行随机搜索捕食行为。
X n e w = X * - A D , A < 1 X r a n d - A C X r a n d - X o l d , A 1
鲸鱼以螺旋游动的方式逐渐接近猎物。鲸鱼的包围猎物行为和以螺旋形式向猎物游走是同时进行的,因此各以P=0.5的概率选择。数学模型公式为
X n e w = X * - A D , P 0.5 ( X * + | X * - X o l d | e b l c o s ( 2 π l ) , P < 0.5
式(4)中:b为对数螺旋形状常数;l为-1~1的随机数。
(3)更新最优解。在对鲸鱼的位置更新完成后,计算适应度值,保存最优鲸鱼个体位置,然后不断重度上述过程直至迭代结束。
Adaboost是一种自适应增强算法[21],是机器学习领域中一种重要的集成学习算法[22],能够显著提高模型的性能,其核心思想是构造多个弱学习器,通过策略将弱学习器构造成一个强学习器。它通过迭代训练多个弱分类器,并根据前一个学习器的表现调整样本权重,从而重点关注误差比较大的样本,提高整体的性能。Adaboost无需调整其他参数即可获得较高准确性,并且在处理各种类型的数据时表现优异。Adaboost算法应用于回归预测任务的步骤如下。
(1)初始化数据集权重。对初始数据集中的每组样本赋予相同权重,即每组样本的权重D(xi)=1/m,其中m为初始数据集的样本数。
(2)更新弱学习器权重。一共T组弱学习器,每个弱学习器的输出表示为gt(x)。使用带有权重的数据训练第t个弱学习器。利用式(5)计算当前弱学习器的误差,当前弱学习器权重 α t的计算公式为
e t = i = 1 m D t ( x i ) y i - g t ( x i ) m a x ( y i - g t ( x i ) )
α t = e t 1 - e t
式中:Dt(xi)为t组第i个样本的权重;yi为当前样本的输出;ett组样本误差;max为取最大值函数。
(3)更新样本权重。在训练完第t个弱学习后利用式(7)根据误差调整整个样本集的权重,对于误差大的样本则赋予较大的权重,让第t+1个弱学习器重点关注这些样本数据。
D t + 1 ( x i ) = D t ( x i ) a t 1 - e t ( x i ) Z t
式(7)中:Zt为所有样本权重之和,使样本权重归一化。
(4)构建强学习器。重复步骤(2)和步骤(3)直到所有弱学习器训练完成。然后根据每个弱学习器的权重来构建强学习器G(x),公式为
α t = 1 2 l n 1 α t α t = α t t = 1 T α t G (x) = t = 1 T α t g t (x)
Adaboost-WOA-BP预测模型就是利用WOA算法优化BP神经网络的权重和偏置,并将其作为Adaboost算法的弱学习器,构建多组这样的弱学器利用策略集成为一个强学习器。模型示意图如图4所示。
对X地区21口井的测井数据进行处理,一共收集到1 274组实测TOC数据,将其按照8∶2的比例划分为训练集和预测集,并选取Y1和Y2两口井进行实际预测,来观察预测效果。
根据参数相关性分析,自然伽马、密度、声波时差与实测TOC相关性更高,将这3个参数作为主要敏感参数,其他3个参数作为次要参数,以时实测TOC作为预测目标,建立不同参数个数的线性回归模型,如表1所示。可以看出,选用单一敏感参数进行线性回归TOC预测,预测结果与实测TOC相关性系数只有0.509 8,利用自然伽马和密度进行线性回归预测相关性系数在0.743 0,效果有了很大的提升,参数增加到5个时,预测与实测TOC相关性系数最好,相关性系数在0.799 0。
图5所示为使用自然伽马、密度、声波时差、电阻率、补偿中子5个参数建立多元线性回归模型预测出来的结果与实测TOC之间相关性分析图。通过整体来分析,线性回归方法预测精度并不高。
通过多次实验,选择自然伽马、密度、声波时差、电阻率、补偿中子5个参数作为输入,设置弱学习器个数7个,BP神经网络的隐藏层神经元个数分别为128、64、16,激活函数为sigmod函数,训练次数为300时效果最好。
根据设置的BP神经网络神经元个数,利用WOA算法优化参数,如图6所示,为WOA算法对比遗传算法和蚁群算法的进化曲线,记录每次迭代种群最优适应度值,可以看出WOA算法在收敛速度上优于蚁群算法和遗传算法,并且在寻优能力上也要优于蚁群算法和遗传算法。
将训练数据分别输入BP神经网络、WOA-BP神经网络和Adaboost-WOA-BP预测模型进行训练、然后对预测集数据和Y1井和Y2井进行预测对比。结果如图7~图9所示。
图7为3种算法对预测集的预测结果与实测TOC之间的相关性分析,BP神经网络的预测结果与实测TOC之间的相关性系数为0.881 8,再利用WOA算法对BP神经网络进行优化后,其预测结果与实测TOC之间的相关性系数为0.932 3,有了明显提升,Adaboost-WOA-BP模型的预测结果与实测TOC之间的相关性系数为0.957 3,预测精度再一步进行提升,说明利用Adaboost算法进行整体网络性能的增强是有效果的。
图8为4种算法对Y1井进行预测的预测结果,从图8中可以看出Adaboost-WOA-BP算法基本都拟合上了实测点,相比其他3种方法效果更好,更加接近真实值,但是通过预测曲线也可以看出其中部分预测数据波动较大,归根到底是训练样本数量不足的原因。图9为4种算法对Y2井进行预测的预测结果,线性回归方法波动较大且拟合效果较差,BP神经网络和WOA-BP神经网络的预测效果总体来说效果也还是不错,Adaboost-WOA-BP神经网络的拟合效果最好。
(1)通过适应度曲线可以看出WOA算法在收敛速度上优于蚁群算法和遗传算法,从测试集预测效果来看,WOA-BP神经网络预测TOC含量与实测TOC含量相关性系数为0.932 3,BP神经网络预测TOC含量与实测TOC含量相关性系数为0.881 8,证明利用WOA算法优化BP神经网络是有效的。
(2)选择自然伽马、密度、声波时差、电阻率、补偿中子5个参数作为输入数据进行训练,通过与线性回归方法、BP神经网络、WOA-BP神经网络对比,Adaboost-WOA-BP模型预测TOC含量与实测TOC含量相关性系数为0.957 3,证明该方法的有效性。
  • 国家科技重大专项(2016ZX05002-004-009)
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2025年第25卷第2期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402873
  • 接收时间:2024-04-19
  • 首发时间:2025-12-05
  • 出版时间:2025-01-18
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-19
  • 修回日期:2024-11-07
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国家科技重大专项(2016ZX05002-004-009)
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    长江大学地球物理与石油资源学院, 武汉 430100

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* 谢锐杰(1965—),男,汉族,广东揭阳人,博士,教授。研究方向:层序地层学和储层地质。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Genus
种数
Number of
species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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