Article(id=1203753458701673430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1203753457208504777, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309415, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1701273600000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-30, revisedDate=1729526400000, revisedDateStr=2024-10-22, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764926789212, onlineDateStr=2025-12-05, pubDate=1737129600000, pubDateStr=2025-01-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764926789212, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764926789211, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764926789211, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1203753457208504777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='2', pageStart='439', pageEnd='878', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764926788856, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764928745558, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1203761664261858014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1203753457208504777, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1203761664261858015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1203753457208504777, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=729, endPage=736, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1203753459314041821, articleId=1203753458701673430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Effect of Temperature on Shear Strenth of Fully Weathered Mudstone at Different Saturations, columnId=1156262729917780302, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Architectural Science, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to study the effect of temperature on the shear strength of fully weathered mudstone with different saturations,fully weathered mudstone specimens from a typical seasonal frozen region were used as the object of study.The GDS dynamic triaxial test system and the GDS unsaturated test system were used to conduct indoor triaxial tests on specimens with different saturations to investigate the trends of the shear strength parameters of fully weathered mudstone in the seasonal frozen region under different temperatures and surrounding pressures, and to compare and analyse the shear strength parameters of the two different saturations of the fully weathered mudstone were compared and analysed. The results show that the fully weathered mudstone is strongly influenced by saturation and temperature.The cohesion of both soil samples increases with decreasing temperature, and the internal friction angle increases and then decreases. The cohesion of the unsaturated mudstone specimens is consistently greater than that of the saturated mudstone specimens when the temperature and test system conditions are consistent. Saturation has a low effect on the internal friction angle of the specimens, which peaks at -5 ℃ and 0 ℃for the two soil samples respectively.

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为研究温度对不同饱和状态全风化泥岩抗剪强度的影响,以典型季冻区全风化泥岩试样为研究对象,利用GDS非饱和试验系统,对饱和状态及天然非饱和状态下的全风化泥岩分别进行室内三轴试验,研究不同温度对其抗剪强度参数的影响,并对比分析饱和状态及天然非饱和状态下全风化泥岩抗剪强度参数之间的区别。结果表明:全风化泥岩强度受饱和度与温度影响较大。随温度降低两种土样的黏聚力均增加,内摩擦角均先增加再减小。温度与试验系统条件一致时,非饱和全风化泥岩试样黏聚力始终大于饱和全风化泥岩试样。饱和度对试样的内摩擦角影响较小,两种土样的内摩擦角分别在-5 ℃与0 ℃时达到峰值。研究成果可为季冻区不同饱和状态全风化泥岩地层中,工程的设计施工及方案优化过程中力学参数的选取等方面提供理论参考和指导。

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郭浩天(1991—),男,汉族,安徽肥东人,博士,讲师。研究方向:土体工程地质。E-mail:

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郭浩天(1991—),男,汉族,安徽肥东人,博士,讲师。研究方向:土体工程地质。E-mail:

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郭浩天(1991—),男,汉族,安徽肥东人,博士,讲师。研究方向:土体工程地质。E-mail:

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Parameters of triaxial testof unsaturated fullyweathered mudstone under different temperature conditions

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试样
编号
基质吸
力/kPa
温度/℃ 净围压/
kPa
孔隙气
压/kPa
孔隙水
压/kPa
1-1-1 100
1-1-2 0、210 20 200 215 5
1-1-3 300
1-2-1 100
1-2-2 0、210 0 200 215 5
1-2-3 300
1-3-1 100
1-3-2 0、210 -5 200 215 5
1-3-3 300
1-4-1 100
1-4-2 0、210 -10 200 215 5
1-4-3 300
1-5-1 100
1-5-2 0、210 -20 200 215 5
1-5-3 300
), ArticleFig(id=1203787160743813935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1203753458701673430, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同温度条件下非饱和全风化泥岩三轴试验参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试样
编号
基质吸
力/kPa
温度/℃ 净围压/
kPa
孔隙气
压/kPa
孔隙水
压/kPa
1-1-1 100
1-1-2 0、210 20 200 215 5
1-1-3 300
1-2-1 100
1-2-2 0、210 0 200 215 5
1-2-3 300
1-3-1 100
1-3-2 0、210 -5 200 215 5
1-3-3 300
1-4-1 100
1-4-2 0、210 -10 200 215 5
1-4-3 300
1-5-1 100
1-5-2 0、210 -20 200 215 5
1-5-3 300
), ArticleFig(id=1203787160911586116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1203753458701673430, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Recorded results of triaxial tests on fully weathered mudstone with 210 kPa initial matrix suction at different temperatures

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
温度/℃ 净围压/
kPa
偏应力/
kPa
内摩擦
角/(°)
黏聚力/
kPa
300 5 206.6
-20 200 5 084.5 16.11 1 866.16
100 5 058.6
300 4 207.7
-10 200 4 026.6 28.37 1 092.8
100 3 845.5
300 3 117
-5 200 2 753.4 40.18 470.47
100 2 389.7
300 2 205.9
0 200 2 017.8 29.06 452.36
100 1 828.2
300 360.8
20 200 3 09.1 15.35 57.93
100 217.8
), ArticleFig(id=1203787161037415244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1203753458701673430, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同温度下210 kPa初始基质吸力的全风化泥岩三轴试验成果记录表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
温度/℃ 净围压/
kPa
偏应力/
kPa
内摩擦
角/(°)
黏聚力/
kPa
300 5 206.6
-20 200 5 084.5 16.11 1 866.16
100 5 058.6
300 4 207.7
-10 200 4 026.6 28.37 1 092.8
100 3 845.5
300 3 117
-5 200 2 753.4 40.18 470.47
100 2 389.7
300 2 205.9
0 200 2 017.8 29.06 452.36
100 1 828.2
300 360.8
20 200 3 09.1 15.35 57.93
100 217.8
), ArticleFig(id=1203787161167438683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1203753458701673430, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Record of results of triaxial tests on saturated fully weathered mudstone at different temperatures

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基质吸
力/kPa
温度/℃ 净围压/
kPa
偏应力/
kPa
内摩擦
角/(°)
黏聚力/
kPa
300 4 230.7
-20 200 4 103.3 18.11 1 431.53
100 4 053.0
300 3 237.0
-10 200 2 978.6 29.61 765.97
100 2 854.0
300 2 266.1
0 -5 200 1 988.2 35.56 368.42
100 1 710.3
300 1 267.6
0 200 950.6 39.42 55.38
100 572.8
300 343.6
20 200 259.6 17.95 28.39
100 165.5
), ArticleFig(id=1203787161259713377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1203753458701673430, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同温度下饱和全风化泥岩三轴试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基质吸
力/kPa
温度/℃ 净围压/
kPa
偏应力/
kPa
内摩擦
角/(°)
黏聚力/
kPa
300 4 230.7
-20 200 4 103.3 18.11 1 431.53
100 4 053.0
300 3 237.0
-10 200 2 978.6 29.61 765.97
100 2 854.0
300 2 266.1
0 -5 200 1 988.2 35.56 368.42
100 1 710.3
300 1 267.6
0 200 950.6 39.42 55.38
100 572.8
300 343.6
20 200 259.6 17.95 28.39
100 165.5
), ArticleFig(id=1203787161343599464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1203753458701673430, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Comparison statistics of shear strength parameters of saturated and unsaturated fully weathered mudstone at different temperatures

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
温度/℃ 210 kPa基质吸力 0 kPa基质吸力
黏聚力/kPa 内摩擦角/(°) 黏聚力/kPa 内摩擦角/(°)
-20 1866.16 16.11 1431.53 18.11
-10 1092.8 28.37 765.97 29.61
-5 470.47 40.18 368.42 35.56
0 452.36 29.06 55.38 39.42
20 57.93 15.35 28.39 17.95
), ArticleFig(id=1203787161477817202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1203753458701673430, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同温度下饱和与非饱和全风化泥岩抗剪强度参数对比统计表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
温度/℃ 210 kPa基质吸力 0 kPa基质吸力
黏聚力/kPa 内摩擦角/(°) 黏聚力/kPa 内摩擦角/(°)
-20 1866.16 16.11 1431.53 18.11
-10 1092.8 28.37 765.97 29.61
-5 470.47 40.18 368.42 35.56
0 452.36 29.06 55.38 39.42
20 57.93 15.35 28.39 17.95
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温度对不同饱和状态全风化泥岩抗剪强度的影响
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郭浩天 1, 2 , 林昱利 1 , 王哲 1 , 孙超 1, 2
科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025,25(2): 729-736
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025, 25(2): 729-736
温度对不同饱和状态全风化泥岩抗剪强度的影响
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郭浩天1, 2 , 林昱利1, 王哲1, 孙超1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 吉林建筑大学测绘与勘查工程学院, 长春 130118
  • 2 吉林建筑大学季冻区岩土工程研究所, 长春 130118
  • 郭浩天(1991—),男,汉族,安徽肥东人,博士,讲师。研究方向:土体工程地质。E-mail:

Effect of Temperature on Shear Strenth of Fully Weathered Mudstone at Different Saturations
Hao-tian GUO1, 2 , Yu-li LIN1, Zhe WANG1, Chao SUN1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Geometrics and Prospecting Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China
  • 2 Institute of Geotechnical Engineering in the Seasonal Frozen Region, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, China
出版时间: 2025-01-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309415
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为研究温度对不同饱和状态全风化泥岩抗剪强度的影响,以典型季冻区全风化泥岩试样为研究对象,利用GDS非饱和试验系统,对饱和状态及天然非饱和状态下的全风化泥岩分别进行室内三轴试验,研究不同温度对其抗剪强度参数的影响,并对比分析饱和状态及天然非饱和状态下全风化泥岩抗剪强度参数之间的区别。结果表明:全风化泥岩强度受饱和度与温度影响较大。随温度降低两种土样的黏聚力均增加,内摩擦角均先增加再减小。温度与试验系统条件一致时,非饱和全风化泥岩试样黏聚力始终大于饱和全风化泥岩试样。饱和度对试样的内摩擦角影响较小,两种土样的内摩擦角分别在-5 ℃与0 ℃时达到峰值。研究成果可为季冻区不同饱和状态全风化泥岩地层中,工程的设计施工及方案优化过程中力学参数的选取等方面提供理论参考和指导。

全风化泥岩  /  三轴试验  /  抗剪强度参数  /  温度

In order to study the effect of temperature on the shear strength of fully weathered mudstone with different saturations,fully weathered mudstone specimens from a typical seasonal frozen region were used as the object of study.The GDS dynamic triaxial test system and the GDS unsaturated test system were used to conduct indoor triaxial tests on specimens with different saturations to investigate the trends of the shear strength parameters of fully weathered mudstone in the seasonal frozen region under different temperatures and surrounding pressures, and to compare and analyse the shear strength parameters of the two different saturations of the fully weathered mudstone were compared and analysed. The results show that the fully weathered mudstone is strongly influenced by saturation and temperature.The cohesion of both soil samples increases with decreasing temperature, and the internal friction angle increases and then decreases. The cohesion of the unsaturated mudstone specimens is consistently greater than that of the saturated mudstone specimens when the temperature and test system conditions are consistent. Saturation has a low effect on the internal friction angle of the specimens, which peaks at -5 ℃ and 0 ℃for the two soil samples respectively.

fully weathered mudstone  /  triaxial test  /  shear strength parameters  /  temperature
郭浩天, 林昱利, 王哲, 孙超. 温度对不同饱和状态全风化泥岩抗剪强度的影响. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (2) : 729 -736 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309415
Hao-tian GUO, Yu-li LIN, Zhe WANG, Chao SUN. Effect of Temperature on Shear Strenth of Fully Weathered Mudstone at Different Saturations[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (2) : 729 -736 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309415
长春市作为典型季冻区,每年冬季室外温度最低可达-30 ℃,最大冻深范围深达两米。近些年长春地区冬季气温已多次达到最低温度,这给冬季施工无疑造成了巨大的困难,解决季冻区施工困难也成为长春地区近年来的重要问题之一。随着国家“一带一路”倡议的实施,长吉图地区(长春市、吉林市部分区域、延吉州)成为东北亚区域的核心。长春地区作为建设规划中“中蒙俄经济走廊”的节点城市,会有许多地上、地下新建项目的产生,在地铁站台、高层建筑等工程建设开挖深基坑的过程中,发现全风化泥岩在该地区分布较为广泛,因此对季冻区全风化泥岩的力学性质进行研究具有重要的实际意义。
泥岩属于软质黏土,是陆源碎屑沉积最细的族系部分,其组分泥质细粒通常是以水力悬浮方式由河流搬运到沉积盆地,大多数泥质悬浮物是以集合粒(絮凝团)沉淀的[1]。泥岩的主要矿物组成是黏土矿物,其风化物是泥岩在遭受各种不同类型风化作用后的产物,具有黏粒含量高、坚硬但不致密、亲水性强、浸水后强度迅速降低[2]等特点。泥岩多是由各种作用形成的固结岩石,其有着物质成分复杂,遇水易软化、膨胀,失水易硬化、干裂的缺点。为明确泥岩力学性质并应用于实际工程中,中外学者在影响因素、不同种类泥岩力学性质的对比方面对泥岩的抗剪强度进行了诸多研究。余宏明等[3]对红色风化泥岩进行分析,通过室内试验研究试样含水量、密度、黏粒含量与抗剪强度参数之间的关系。谌文武等[4]通过室内试验对全风化灰绿色及红色泥岩进行力学性质上的对比,发现当含水率超过一定值时,两种泥岩都会失去抗剪能力。邹建文[5]对红层泥岩及其重塑试样的微观结构与抗剪强度的关系展开研究。从含水率、干密度和制样方法三种角度进行分析,研究不同条件变化对试样黏聚力及内摩擦角的影响趋势。樊金平等[6]为研究干湿循环对泥岩抗剪强度的影响,通过一种新式的干湿循环直剪试验对胶东地区白垩系泥岩进行试验分析。试验结果指出:在干湿循环作用下,泥岩两种抗剪强度指标均有所下降。张青波等[7]对Karawang地区的全风化泥岩及强风化泥岩展开研究,研究其抗剪强度的影响因素,为该地区路堑边坡的防护与治理提供帮助。结果表明:含水率较干湿循环次数相比对抗剪强度的影响更大。耿帆等[8]选取预崩解炭质泥岩为研究对象,从荷载及干湿循环两种角度展开研究,分析两种条件对泥岩抗剪强度的影响。结果表明泥岩抗剪强度随法向应力的增加而增加,但与竖向荷载和循环时间均呈现正比,随循环次数增加而降低。李永志等[9]以膨胀性红层泥岩为研究对象,通过直剪试验研究试样在不同含水率下抗剪强度的变化规律。结果显示:膨胀性泥岩含水率越高,其抗剪强度变化趋势将呈现先升高后降低的趋势。Chen 等[10]通过扫描电子显微镜研究含水量对泥岩强度的影响,并得到泥岩的吸水特性。基于试验结果进行分析,建立泥岩的多孔介质力学模型。刘先锋等[11]选取红层泥岩为研究对象,从不同干密度和含水率两种角度对泥岩进行直剪试验,揭示了该泥岩在不同干密度和含水率状态下抗剪强度的变化趋势。尽管目前中外学者对泥岩的抗剪强度方向有了一定研究,但对风化泥岩的研究较少。泥岩风化程度的增加会使原岩结构损坏,风化程度达到完全时,泥岩结构基本破坏,虽然仍旧属于基岩但却拥有土的性质。因此对风化泥岩的研究,还需要国内外学者进一步探索。
目前,专家学者们对各地区泥岩抗剪强度方向有了较多了解,但考虑温度对不同饱和度全风化泥岩抗剪强度的研究还存在不足,基于此,现对饱和及天然非饱和状态下的全风化泥岩在不同温度条件下进行三轴剪切试验,获得不同影响因素下全风化泥岩的内摩擦角、黏聚力,分析温度对全风化泥岩抗剪强度参数的影响,并将天然状态和饱和状态两种不同饱和度的全风化泥岩相互对比,分析饱和度变化对其产生的影响,以期为工程设计施工提供理论参考和指导。
研究土样取自位于吉林省长春市绿园区,试验土样为全风化泥岩原状样,取样深度为8~10 m,取样间距为1.5~2.0 m。基于《土工试验方法标准》(GB/T 50123—2019)[12]通过室内试验对10组土样的基本物化性质进行测定和计算,所得全风化泥岩试样颗粒级配曲线、不均匀系数及曲率系数、粉粒与黏粒及砂粒百分含量、密度、天然含水率、孔隙比、液塑限及塑性指数等测试结果如图1~图8所示。
图3可知,土样粉粒占总量的56.53%~72.82%,平均62.78%,黏粒占18.1%~41.8%,平均28.63%,砂粒占1.09%~16.11%,平均8.29%。分析结果数据可知,试验所采用的全风化泥岩试样中粉粒含量占比较高,平均占比超过55%。这种情况会导致土体受饱和度影响较为严重,含水率的变化对土体抗剪强度的影响较大,更容易受温度影响。
图4~图8可知,天然状态下土体密度的范围在1.83~1.96 g/cm3,计算得到其平均湿密度1.89 g/cm3。土样孔隙比的范围为0.61~0.72,平均孔隙比0.64,用烘干法测算含水率范围为17.46%~20.75%,平均含水率19.50%。通过室内试验中的土壤液塑限联合测定仪测得塑限含水率范围在17.66% ~ 28.88%,平均塑限含水率为23.14%,液限含水率范围在32.43% ~ 47.98%,平均液限含水率为39.48%。
10组试样液性指数均小于0,塑性指数范围在13.65 ~ 20.95,平均塑性指数为16.34。依据《岩土工程勘察规范》(GB 50021—2001)[13],可知该全风化泥岩属于黏土,处于坚硬状态。
由全自动固结仪测算所得压缩模量如图9所示,可知压缩模量范围为9.04~11.7 MPa,平均压缩模量为10.48 MPa,压缩系数范围为0.14~0.19 MPa-1,平均压缩系数为0.158 MPa-1。根据《建筑地基基础设计规范》(GB 50007—2011)[1]的规定,土样的压缩系数在0.1~0.5 MPa-1,说明该地区的全风化泥岩可判定为中压缩性土。
泊松比是对土体进行力学评价和数值计算的重要参数,表现了土的弹性性质。Alpan[14]提出了将黏性土的静止侧压力系数与塑性指数进行关联,得到
K0=0.19+0.23lgIp
式(1)中:K0为静止侧压力系数;Ip为塑性指数。
利用式(1)计算得到试样的静止侧压力系数,将其代入式(2)后可以得到10组试样的泊松比如图10所示。以上10组试样泊松比范围为0.311~0.331,计算其平均值为0.319。
v= K 0 1 + K 0
式(2)中:v为泊松比。
试验采用GDS非饱和三轴试验系统(图11),该测试系统由压力控制器、双压力室和数据采集系统3个部分组成。压力控制室主要负责提供和控制轴压、围压、孔隙气压、孔隙水压和温度等试验变量;双压力室装置则分别由内压力室和外压力室两个装置组成;数据采集系统则由电脑,传感器和数据采集板合并连接组成。3个系统相互连接,由压力控制器提供思维应力路径,数据采集系统对试验得到的数据进行采集转换,整个实验过程由电脑软件实时检测操控。
取相同深度范围内的5组原状全风化泥岩试样,每组土样削出3个三轴试样,共计15个38 mm×76 mm的三轴试样。以长春地区全风化泥岩土-水特征曲线为标准,可知原状试样在天然含水率状态下所对应的基质吸力约为210 kPa。
开始试验前需要对试样进行抽真空饱和,通过施加指定的基质吸力使泥岩试样达到特定的非饱和状态。试验采用固结不排水三轴剪切试验方法,初始基质吸力为0、210 kPa,考虑到所取土样的实际情况和取土埋藏深度,围压分别设置为100、200、300 kPa。温度设置5个阶段,20、0、-5、-10、-20 ℃,冻结时间设计为12 h。设置剪切速率为0.08 mm/min,轴向形变达到15%时终止剪切。
试验结束后通过得到的数据绘制应力应变曲线图,其最值为试样的最大偏应力(σ1-σ3),由此可得到摩尔应力圆与x轴相交的左右两个交点,通过3个不同围压的摩尔应力圆,取其公切线,即为抗剪强度包线,与y轴的交点为黏聚力c,与x轴形成的锐角为内摩擦角φ。不同温度下试验参数设置如表1所示。
通过非饱和土三轴试验仪对原状全风化泥岩进行不同温度下的三轴剪切试验,试验成果如表2所示。
试验测得初始基质吸力210 kPa全风化泥岩的抗剪强度参数随温度变化如图12所示。由黏聚力变化曲线图中可知,温度对黏聚力影响较大,在其他条件不变的情况下,黏聚力与温度呈现负相关趋势,且在负温时变化的趋势远大于正温条件下变化大小。温度从20 ℃降到0 ℃时,黏聚力提升了近8倍,由57.93 kPa达到了452.36 kPa。0 ℃降低到-5 ℃时,增长速率有所减缓,但从-5 ℃开始继续降低温度时,黏聚力斜率变化显著,这是因为土体内部的联结由水转换成了冰,联结强度提升导致黏聚力升高。
温度变化对土体黏聚力影响变化较大,但对内摩擦角影响较为不稳定。由图12可知,内摩擦角在-5 ℃时达到最大,温度的升高与降低均使内摩擦角减小,距离-5 ℃越远,变化越小,在-5 ℃左右时,内摩擦角变化趋势达到最大峰值。
通过非饱和土三轴试验仪对饱和状态的长春地区全风化泥岩进行不同温度下的三轴剪切试验,试验结果如表3所示。
温度变化对饱和土黏聚力及内摩擦角的影响曲线如图13所示,由图13可知,黏聚力随温度降低不断上升,且负温的增长速度远超过正温时的增长速度。由20 ℃降至0 ℃时,黏聚力仅从28.39 kPa提升至55.38 kPa,提升幅度只有2倍左右。而在负温条件下,随着温度不断降低,从0 ℃降到-20 ℃,黏聚力变化明显,从0 ℃的55.38 kPa提升至-20 ℃的1431.53 kPa,提升幅度约为26倍。
饱和全风化泥岩在各温度的黏聚力皆小于210 kPa基质吸力下的非饱和全风化泥岩。经分析可知,温度降低导致土体内部黏聚力大幅度降低的原因在于土体内部孔隙中的水分受到温度降低的影响,由原来的水颗粒转变成了冰晶,温度越下降则冰晶含量越多,变相地提升了土颗粒之间的黏结强度。当土体处于正温时,温度的下降不会导致冰晶含量增加,对土体内部的黏结强度影响有限,故对对土体黏聚力影响较小。
图13反映了内摩擦角随温度的变化,由图13可知,内摩擦角随温度的变化呈倒V形,0 ℃时内摩擦角达到最大值,0 ℃附近温度的升高和降低都会使内摩擦角减小。经分析可知,内摩擦角反映的是土体内部颗粒之间的摩擦移动关系,当温度降低到0 ℃以下时,水与冰相互转换,冰晶的产生使得土颗粒间的联结作用降低,进而导致内摩擦角降低。
不同温度下饱和与非饱和全风化泥岩抗剪强度参数对比如表4所示,不同饱和度全风化泥岩随温度变化时的黏聚力及内摩擦角如图14图15所示。由图表可知,饱和与非饱和全风化泥岩黏聚力与内摩擦角的变化趋势基本相同,随着温度降低两种饱和度试样的黏聚力均不断增加,当低于一定温度后再继续降低时,黏聚力增加速度逐渐变缓。而饱和度的变化对内摩擦角的影响较小,且变化幅度不大。当试验仪器与温度条件一致时,非饱和全风化泥岩原状试样的黏聚力均大于饱和全风化泥岩试样的黏聚力。且温度降至负温时,温度越低,二者之间差距越明显。不同饱和度条件下的全风化泥岩内摩擦角均呈现倒V字形的变化趋势。皆在0 ℃与-5 ℃处内摩擦角达到最大,温度升高或降低均使内摩擦角减小。非饱和土的黏聚力始终大于饱和土的黏聚力是由于粉粒含量较高,随着饱和度的升高,土中自由水含量增加,使得土中的胶结物质被溶解,起到润滑的作用,从而使黏聚力和内摩擦角均减小。
通过室内三轴试验对长春地区全风化泥岩进行试验研究,分析其在不同温度条件下饱和状态与天然非饱和状态下试样的抗剪强度参数变化规律,由试验结果得出以下结论。
(1)由于全风化泥岩试样中的粉粒含量较高,且因粉粒具有较好的持水性能使得土体受饱和度和温度的影响较大。因此温度与饱和度均会影响土体的抗剪强度参数。
(2)随着温度降低土中水分产生水冰相变,土体颗粒间冻结联结强度增加,使得负温时,温度变化对两种饱和度全风化泥岩试样的黏聚力影响较大,温度越低黏聚力相对越大。
(3)当温度高于冻结温度时,土中存在具有润滑作用的未冻水,随温度降低,土体颗粒之间嵌锁咬合力因未冻水含量的减少而增大,内摩擦角逐渐增加,并分别在0 ℃和-5 ℃时达到峰值。当温度低于0 ℃和-5 ℃时土孔隙中冰晶的产生使得全风化泥岩颗粒间嵌锁咬合作用降低,内摩擦角减小。
(4)由于饱和度的增加会使得土中自由水含量增加,土中胶结物质被溶解,因此在控制其他条件一致时,原状非饱和全风化泥岩试样的黏聚力始终大于饱和试样的黏聚力,且两种试样黏聚力的变化规律一致,均为随温度减小而增加。但饱和度的变化对内摩擦角影响较小,整体随温度增加呈现倒V字形变化趋势。
(5)温度与饱和度对全风化泥岩的抗剪强度参数的影响较为明显。研究结果可为季冻区不同饱和度全风化泥岩地层工程设计、施工及方案优化过程中参数的选取等方面提供理论参考和指导。
  • 中国科协青年人才托举工程项目(2021QNRC001)
  • 吉林省科技发展计划(YDZJ202201ZYTS490)
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309415
  • 接收时间:2023-11-30
  • 首发时间:2025-12-05
  • 出版时间:2025-01-18
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-30
  • 修回日期:2024-10-22
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中国科协青年人才托举工程项目(2021QNRC001)
吉林省科技发展计划(YDZJ202201ZYTS490)
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    1 吉林建筑大学测绘与勘查工程学院, 长春 130118
    2 吉林建筑大学季冻区岩土工程研究所, 长春 130118
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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