Article(id=1156986620806255506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156963927277003616, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403250, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1714665600000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-03, revisedDate=1735142400000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-26, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753776706172, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1742227200000, pubDateStr=2025-03-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753776706172, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753776706172, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753776706172, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156963927277003616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='8', pageStart='3079', pageEnd='3528', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753771295613, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753777038876, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1156988016305726153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156963927277003616, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1156988016305726154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156963927277003616, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3391, endPage=3399, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156986623717102489, articleId=1156986620806255506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Dynamic Response Analysis of Electrical Conduit under Traffic Load Considering the Softening Effect of Soft Soil, columnId=1156963932482130535, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Architectural Science, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
To investigate the deformation mechanism of underground electrical conduits in soft soil considering the softening effect under traffic loads, a USDFLD subroutine was developed based on the dynamic modulus attenuation model. This subroutine was imported into ABAQUS software to establish a three-dimensional finite element model of electrical conduits buried in soft soil foundations. The finite element method was used to analyze the dynamic response of underground electrical conduits under traffic loads. The effects of different traffic load magnitudes (${50}\%$full load,100% full load,200% overload,300% overload) and burial depths (800,850,900,950mm)on the mechanical properties of electrical conduits were studied. The results show that the softening effect of soft soil has a significant impact on the dynamic response of electrical conduits under traffic loads. As the traffic load magnitude increases, the settlement of the electrical conduit gradually increases, and the strain at the bottom of the conduit shifts from symmetric to asymmetric distribution, with an increase in the strain concentration area. Increasing the burial depth of the electrical conduit can significantly reduce the impact of traffic loads on the conduit. When the burial depth increases from${800}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$to${950}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$, the vertical displacement decreases by${39}\%$. The research results provide a scientific basis for the design and construction of power pipes in soft soil areas, and help optimize the depth of pipe embedding and cope with the influence of different traffic loads.
, correspAuthors=Fei-yu LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Bin ZHANG, Min LIU, Fei-yu LIU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156986833692349199, articleId=1156986620806255506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=交通荷载作用下考虑软土软化效应的电力排管动力响应分析, columnId=1154013916129648643, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=建筑科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
为了研究交通荷载作用下考虑软土软化效应的电力排管变形机理,基于动弹性模量衰减模型,编写USDFLD 子程序,并将该子程序导入 ABAQUS软件中,建立软土地基中埋置电力排管的三维有限元模型,采用有限元方法对地下电力排管在交通荷载作用下的动力响应进行分析,研究不同交通荷载大小(满载 50%、满载 100%、超载 200%、超载 300%、 超载 300%)、埋置深度(800、850、900、950mm)对电力排管力学特性的影响。结果表明:软土的软化效应对电力排管在受交通荷载作用下的动力响应有显著影响;随着交通荷载大小的增加,电力排管的沉降逐渐增大,排管底部的应变从对称分布转向不对称分布,应变集中区域增加;增大电力排管的埋深可以显著降低交通荷载对排管的影响,当埋置深度从${800}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$增加至${950}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$,竖向位移减小39%。研究成果为软土地区的电力排管设计和施工提供科学依据,帮助优化排管埋置深度和应对不同交通荷载的影响。
, correspAuthors=刘飞禹, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*刘飞禹(1976—),男,汉族,湖北天门人,博士,教授。研究方向:地基处理和土动力学。E-mail:lfyzju@shu.edu.cn。
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张斌(1969—),男,汉族,上海人,副总工程师。研究方向:电力基础设施的技术及管理。E-mail:13817306888@163.com。
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张斌(1969—),男,汉族,上海人,副总工程师。研究方向:电力基础设施的技术及管理。E-mail:13817306888@163.com。
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113. 103945., articleTitle=Geogrid bridging over existing shallow flexible PVC buried pipe-experimental study, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1156986843477659716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620806255506, awardId=52378355, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(52378355), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1156986836368315241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620806255506, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1156986836372509546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620806255506, companyId=1156986836368315241, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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2 上海大学 力学与工程科学学院 上海 200444)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1156986841158210557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620806255506, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=
Schematic diagram of finite element model, figureFileSmall=0AhBub0ru+IuVRSmxqDaWA==, figureFileBig=W5vyqz4SkzMkR5wCakZG6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986841204347903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620806255506, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
有限元模型示意图, figureFileSmall=0AhBub0ru+IuVRSmxqDaWA==, figureFileBig=W5vyqz4SkzMkR5wCakZG6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986841267262464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620806255506, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=
Cushion layer and electrical conduit model, figureFileSmall=Gb4RUlLVbgPycfCFcIkkXg==, figureFileBig=YYVQbV1tIBhv2akm3aoI9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986841338564609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620806255506, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
垫层与电力排管计算模型, figureFileSmall=Gb4RUlLVbgPycfCFcIkkXg==, figureFileBig=YYVQbV1tIBhv2akm3aoI9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986841409867780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620806255506, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=
Time history curve of electrical conduit settlement, figureFileSmall=oEj3PzNKZDbPC1kCrreKOQ==, figureFileBig=SBpmiJc3yKAa1g6+j35TCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986841468588038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620806255506, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
电力排管沉降时程曲线, figureFileSmall=oEj3PzNKZDbPC1kCrreKOQ==, figureFileBig=SBpmiJc3yKAa1g6+j35TCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986841527308296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620806255506, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=
Vertical dynamic stress distribution curve of foundation soil with depth, figureFileSmall=xgGVCp8I+3j4xWT2DAzUZw==, figureFileBig=r2gCVKNFxDdslAYnOhkVrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986841581834250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620806255506, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
地基土竖向动应力随深度分布曲线, figureFileSmall=xgGVCp8I+3j4xWT2DAzUZw==, figureFileBig=r2gCVKNFxDdslAYnOhkVrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986841665720332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620806255506, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=
Distribution of axial strain at the bottom of the electrical conduit under ${100}\%$ full load, figureFileSmall=igq3ThSiQpwjh2pHB/B1Mg==, figureFileBig=CP3hqZE5AMwhYEHDm1J5AA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986841741217806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620806255506, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
满载 100% 情况下管底轴向应变分布, figureFileSmall=igq3ThSiQpwjh2pHB/B1Mg==, figureFileBig=CP3hqZE5AMwhYEHDm1J5AA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986841820909584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620806255506, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=
Tensile damage at the bottom of the electrical conduit under ${100}\%$ full load, figureFileSmall=7nv8f2MXYGRTdJWLzK5RKQ==, figureFileBig=fcoKuv4wHiCSgZWIkXGdGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986841883824147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620806255506, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
满载 100% 情况下管底拉伸损伤, figureFileSmall=7nv8f2MXYGRTdJWLzK5RKQ==, figureFileBig=fcoKuv4wHiCSgZWIkXGdGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986841946738708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620806255506, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=
Damage coefficient of electrical conduit under 100% full load, figureFileSmall=gq5ajxZys5ypAumfozt5yg==, figureFileBig=n4rHBTVN+AYkRJ7J0ohzQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986841997070357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620806255506, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
满载 100% 情况下排管损伤系数, figureFileSmall=gq5ajxZys5ypAumfozt5yg==, figureFileBig=n4rHBTVN+AYkRJ7J0ohzQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986842064179223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620806255506, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=
Time history curve of electrical conduit line settlement under different traffic loads, figureFileSmall=j2wtLXP+fxWhGXG1LHCTgg==, figureFileBig=c1vMvsl7vUOqN7+Y2KpYuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986842122899480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620806255506, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
不同交通荷载下管道沉降时程曲线, figureFileSmall=j2wtLXP+fxWhGXG1LHCTgg==, figureFileBig=c1vMvsl7vUOqN7+Y2KpYuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986842177425434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620806255506, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=
Distribution of axial strain at the bottom of electrical conduit under different traffic loads, figureFileSmall=GXPUldn1oLupbVlZM28Xcw==, figureFileBig=R8Df1vogc6Op+fBxckcivQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986842223562780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620806255506, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
不同交通荷载作用下管底轴向应变分布, figureFileSmall=GXPUldn1oLupbVlZM28Xcw==, figureFileBig=R8Df1vogc6Op+fBxckcivQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986842311643166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620806255506, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=
Distribution of tensile damage at the bottom of electrical conduit under different traffic loads, figureFileSmall=UFOZxA6/5yXcrFOm0751AQ==, figureFileBig=MeHekD02OSVWE8YiFGcwPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986842357780512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620806255506, language=CN, label=图10, caption=
不同交通荷载下管道底部拉伸损伤分布, figureFileSmall=UFOZxA6/5yXcrFOm0751AQ==, figureFileBig=MeHekD02OSVWE8YiFGcwPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986842412306466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620806255506, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=
Plastic strain distribution of the electrical conduit at ${100}\%$ full load, figureFileSmall=ae0HvnukxzRXnorhwZ3fDw==, figureFileBig=pJuk/tBIbIcLUn8QXwDYdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986842475221028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620806255506, language=CN, label=图11, caption=
满载 100% 下排管塑性应变分布, figureFileSmall=ae0HvnukxzRXnorhwZ3fDw==, figureFileBig=pJuk/tBIbIcLUn8QXwDYdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986842529746982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620806255506, language=EN, label=Fig. 12, caption=
Plastic strain of electrical conduit openings under different traffic loads, figureFileSmall=T6ZP7lSkt82/jEXhMCj38A==, figureFileBig=Zx4oV8ke9dlo+F1Jl8fDXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986842596855848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620806255506, language=CN, label=图12, caption=
不同交通荷载作用下排管孔洞塑性应变, figureFileSmall=T6ZP7lSkt82/jEXhMCj38A==, figureFileBig=Zx4oV8ke9dlo+F1Jl8fDXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986842647187499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620806255506, language=EN, label=Fig. 13, caption=
Time history curve of electrical conduit settlement under different burial depths, figureFileSmall=nAAgPspZA3fIOX/XcmlkHw==, figureFileBig=oGtrOcNIOwRwtmUqPLQxwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986842697519149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620806255506, language=CN, label=图13, caption=
不同埋置深度下管道沉降时程曲线, figureFileSmall=nAAgPspZA3fIOX/XcmlkHw==, figureFileBig=oGtrOcNIOwRwtmUqPLQxwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986842756239408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620806255506, language=EN, label=Fig. 14, caption=
Distribution of axial strain at the bottom of the electrical conduit under different burial depths, figureFileSmall=ATHI2QZYlzdq6cKiQIV6pA==, figureFileBig=CoIGEPoHjJItczTFJngg0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986842814959666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620806255506, language=CN, label=图14, caption=
不同埋置深度下管底轴向应变分布, figureFileSmall=ATHI2QZYlzdq6cKiQIV6pA==, figureFileBig=CoIGEPoHjJItczTFJngg0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986842869485620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620806255506, language=EN, label=Fig. 15, caption=
Distribution of tensile damage at the bottom of electrical conduit under different burial depths, figureFileSmall=7rPHRU3N3N3OjP/5w5X5Tg==, figureFileBig=L6vMktgVr7hNuRaUMwmYmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986842919817270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620806255506, language=CN, label=图15, caption=
不同埋置深度下管道底部拉伸损伤分布, figureFileSmall=7rPHRU3N3N3OjP/5w5X5Tg==, figureFileBig=L6vMktgVr7hNuRaUMwmYmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986842965954616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620806255506, language=EN, label=Fig. 16, caption=
Plastic strain of electrical conduit openings under different burial depths, figureFileSmall=eGvK+w+f88FJEYlUy7LSLA==, figureFileBig=VyklJGbAoNe7Swko8/8nlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986843024674873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620806255506, language=CN, label=图16, caption=
不同埋置深度下排管孔洞塑性应变, figureFileSmall=eGvK+w+f88FJEYlUy7LSLA==, figureFileBig=VyklJGbAoNe7Swko8/8nlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986843087589434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620806255506, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Properties of roadbed materials, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 材料 | 弹性模 量/MPa | 泊松比 | 密度/$\left({\mathrm{g}\cdot {\mathrm{{cm}}}^{-3}}\right)$ | 摩擦角 /(°) | 流应 力比 | 屈服应 力 $/\mathrm{{kPa}}$ |
| 面层 | 4 134 | 0.3 | 2.49 | - | - | - |
| 软土路基 | 35 | 0.3 | 1.85 | 38 | 0.892 | 43.6 |
), ArticleFig(id=1156986843154698300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620806255506, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
路基材料属性, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 材料 | 弹性模 量/MPa | 泊松比 | 密度/$\left({\mathrm{g}\cdot {\mathrm{{cm}}}^{-3}}\right)$ | 摩擦角 /(°) | 流应 力比 | 屈服应 力 $/\mathrm{{kPa}}$ |
| 面层 | 4 134 | 0.3 | 2.49 | - | - | - |
| 软土路基 | 35 | 0.3 | 1.85 | 38 | 0.892 | 43.6 |
), ArticleFig(id=1156986843221807166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620806255506, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
CDP model parameters of C30 concrete, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 屈服应力 (压)/MPa | 塑性应变 | 屈服应力 (拉)/MPa | 塑性应变 |
| 4.8 | ${7.01}\times {10}^{-6}$ | 0.4 | ${2.08}\times {10}^{-7}$ |
| 9.2 | ${2.69}\times {10}^{-5}$ | 1.2 | ${3.17}\times {10}^{-6}$ |
| 13.2 | ${5.84}\times {10}^{-5}$ | 2.1 | ${9.24}\times {10}^{-6}$ |
| 17.1 | ${9.99}\times {10}^{-5}$ | 2.9 | ${1.80}\times {10}^{-5}$ |
| 23.8 | ${2.09}\times {10}^{-4}$ | 2.2 | ${8.95}\times {10}^{-5}$ |
| 29.8 | ${3.49}\times {10}^{-4}$ | 1.7 | ${1.27}\times {10}^{-4}$ |
| 35.0 | ${5.13}\times {10}^{-4}$ | 1.4 | ${1.62}\times {10}^{-4}$ |
| 29.4 | ${1.39}\times {10}^{-3}$ | 1.2 | ${1.94}\times {10}^{-4}$ |
| 25.5 | ${1.87}\times {10}^{-3}$ | 0.8 | ${2.52}\times {10}^{-4}$ |
| 19.2 | ${2.77}\times {10}^{-3}$ | 0.6 | ${3.32}\times {10}^{-4}$ |
| 14.9 | ${3.61}\times {10}^{-3}$ | 0.5 | ${3.83}\times {10}^{-4}$ |
| 9.2 | ${5.53}\times {10}^{-3}$ | 0.4 | ${4.08}\times {10}^{-4}$ |
| 6.5 | ${7.34}\times {10}^{-3}$ | 0.3 | ${5.55}\times {10}^{-4}$ |
| 5.1 | ${9.11}\times {10}^{-3}$ | 0.2 | ${6.28}\times {10}^{-4}$ |
), ArticleFig(id=1156986843288916032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620806255506, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
C30 混凝土 CDP 模型参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 屈服应力 (压)/MPa | 塑性应变 | 屈服应力 (拉)/MPa | 塑性应变 |
| 4.8 | ${7.01}\times {10}^{-6}$ | 0.4 | ${2.08}\times {10}^{-7}$ |
| 9.2 | ${2.69}\times {10}^{-5}$ | 1.2 | ${3.17}\times {10}^{-6}$ |
| 13.2 | ${5.84}\times {10}^{-5}$ | 2.1 | ${9.24}\times {10}^{-6}$ |
| 17.1 | ${9.99}\times {10}^{-5}$ | 2.9 | ${1.80}\times {10}^{-5}$ |
| 23.8 | ${2.09}\times {10}^{-4}$ | 2.2 | ${8.95}\times {10}^{-5}$ |
| 29.8 | ${3.49}\times {10}^{-4}$ | 1.7 | ${1.27}\times {10}^{-4}$ |
| 35.0 | ${5.13}\times {10}^{-4}$ | 1.4 | ${1.62}\times {10}^{-4}$ |
| 29.4 | ${1.39}\times {10}^{-3}$ | 1.2 | ${1.94}\times {10}^{-4}$ |
| 25.5 | ${1.87}\times {10}^{-3}$ | 0.8 | ${2.52}\times {10}^{-4}$ |
| 19.2 | ${2.77}\times {10}^{-3}$ | 0.6 | ${3.32}\times {10}^{-4}$ |
| 14.9 | ${3.61}\times {10}^{-3}$ | 0.5 | ${3.83}\times {10}^{-4}$ |
| 9.2 | ${5.53}\times {10}^{-3}$ | 0.4 | ${4.08}\times {10}^{-4}$ |
| 6.5 | ${7.34}\times {10}^{-3}$ | 0.3 | ${5.55}\times {10}^{-4}$ |
| 5.1 | ${9.11}\times {10}^{-3}$ | 0.2 | ${6.28}\times {10}^{-4}$ |
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