Article(id=1156986620785287736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156963927277003616, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403855, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1713196800000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-16, revisedDate=1736006400000, revisedDateStr=2025-01-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753776706167, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1742227200000, pubDateStr=2025-03-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753776706167, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753776706167, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753776706167, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156963927277003616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='8', pageStart='3079', pageEnd='3528', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753771295613, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753777038876, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1156988016305726153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156963927277003616, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1156988016305726154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156963927277003616, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3110, endPage=3122, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156986622001635903, articleId=1156986620785287736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Element Geochemistry Characteristics and Geological Significance of Middle Ordovician Shengping Formation Shale in Northern Guangxi, columnId=1156963929537733484, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Astronomy and Geosciences, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to study the formation mechanism, paleoenvironment, paleoclimate, tectonic background, and source of black shale in the Shengping Formation of the Middle Ordovician in northern Guangxi, sixteen samples of black shale and black siliceous shale were collected from the Shengping Formation at Xishuiyuan section in Quanzhou County, Guilin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and element geochemistry testing and analysis were conducted on them. The results show that the content of the main element${\mathrm{{SiO}}}_{2}$in the black shale of the Shengping Formation at Xishuiyuan section is the highest (${62.37}\%\sim {91.65}\%$, average${78.04}\%$), followed by${\mathrm{{Al}}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}({2.88}\%\sim$16.92%, average 9.15%). Compared with the North American shale (NASC), the content of trace elements in the study area shows a loss for all elements. The value of the sample${\left(\mathrm{{La}}/\mathrm{{Yb}}\right)}_{\mathrm{N}}$is${7.185}\sim {15.858}$, with an average of 10.678. The light rare earth elements (LREE)/ heavy rare earth elements (HREE) values are${8.165}\sim {15.440}$, with an average of 11.029. It indicates that the differentiation phenomenon of light and heavy rare earth elements is more obvious, and LREE are relatively enriched compared to HREE. The δEu value exhibits negative anomalies$\left({{0.589}\sim {0.950}}\right)$, with an average value of 0.758 ; The$\delta \mathrm{{Ce}}$value exhibits positive anomalies$\left({{1.165}\sim {1.412}}\right.$, with an average of 1.259). The geochemical characteristics show that the structural background of the black shale source area in the Shengping Formation of the Xishuiyuan profile is passive continental margin, and the source rock type is sedimentary rock. The source area has undergone moderate to strong chemical weathering, which is greatly affected by chemical weathering, with a predominantly warm and humid climate. The sedimentary environment is mainly a deoxidizing environment with oxygen deficiency.

, correspAuthors=Ye YU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Hai-dong WU, Ye YU, Li WANG, Ze-hua LIU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156986765534912902, articleId=1156986620785287736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=桂北中奥陶统升坪组页岩元素地球化学特征及其地质意义, columnId=1154013912887448417, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=天文学、地球科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了研究桂北中奥陶统升坪组黑色页岩的形成机理、形成区的古环境和古气候、构造背景和物源等,在广西壮族自治区桂林市全州县文桥镇栗水村溪水源剖面升坪组采集16件黑色页岩以及黑色硅质页岩样品,并对其进行元素地球化学测试和分析。结果表明:溪水源剖面升坪组黑色页岩中主量元素${\mathrm{{SiO}}}_{2}$的含量最高(62.37%~91.65%,平均值为${78.04}\%$),其次为${\mathrm{{Al}}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$(2.88%~16.92%,平均值为9.15%),研究区微量元素与北美页岩(NASC)的含量相比所有元素均表现为亏损。样品(La/Yb)${}_{\mathrm{N}}$值为7.185~15.858,平均值为 10.678,轻稀土元素(LREE)/重稀土元素(HREE)为8.165~15.440,平均值为 11.029。表明轻重稀土分异现象较明显,LREE相对HREE富集;δEu 值表现负异常 (0.589~0.950,平均值为 0.758);δCe值表现正异常 (1.165~ 1.412, 平均值为 1.259)。地球化学特征显示:溪水源剖面升坪组黑色页岩源区构造背景为被动大陆边缘, 源岩类型为沉积岩;源区遭受了中等偏强程度的化学风化,受化学风化作用影响较大,以温湿气候为主;沉积环境以缺氧的还原环境为主。

, correspAuthors=余烨, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*余烨(1983—),男,汉族,湖南娄底人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:沉积学及页岩气勘探。E-mail:yuye1983@163.com。
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=kqIvHIAk8fCxYB3M13ibjw==, magXml=QI1/BiknX9V79E6WQ/8DXg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=AVyN+1yOkO7A3XUz5bhcUg==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=Faet8m49BMZKUW10DRfjLQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

吴海东(2000—),男,汉族,湖南衡阳人,硕士研究生。研究方向:油气地质。E-mail:1659488561@qq.com。

, authorsList=吴海东, 余烨, 王莉, 刘泽华)}, authors=[Author(id=1156986768848413112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620785287736, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=1659488561@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1156986768907133371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620785287736, authorId=1156986768848413112, language=EN, stringName=Hai-dong WU, firstName=Hai-dong, middleName=null, lastName=WU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1 School of Earth Sciences and Spatial Information Engineering Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan 411201 China
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吴海东(2000—),男,汉族,湖南衡阳人,硕士研究生。研究方向:油气地质。E-mail:1659488561@qq.com。

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吴海东(2000—),男,汉族,湖南衡阳人,硕士研究生。研究方向:油气地质。E-mail:1659488561@qq.com。

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Contrib Mineral Petrol, 1986. 92. 181-193., articleTitle=Trace element characteristics of grey-wackes and tectonic setting discrimination of sedimentary basins, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1156986780017844946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620785287736, awardId=2023JJ30239, language=CN, fundingSource=湖南省自然科学基金(2023JJ30239), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1156986780059787987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620785287736, awardId=2023JJ30231, language=CN, fundingSource=湖南省自然科学基金(2023JJ30231), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1156986780105925333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620785287736, awardId=23B0467, language=CN, fundingSource=湖南省教育厅资助科研项目(23B0467), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1156986768701612465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620785287736, 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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986778323346079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620785287736, language=CN, label=图1, caption=中国南方广西及其周缘中奥陶世古地理图(根据文献 [17] 修改), figureFileSmall=D6nrc9D2G9u7qZu+wBHNVA==, figureFileBig=soxsB3Wvv+TenB5RVIcbtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986778382066336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620785287736, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Field photo of the Shengping Formation at Xishuiyuan section in Quanzhou County, figureFileSmall=fUnlbKURuJcdw5rtRkWHAQ==, figureFileBig=F0nsIMiiSQC894dNdzNs1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986778436592289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620785287736, language=CN, label=图2, caption=全州县溪水源剖面升坪组剖面野外照片, figureFileSmall=fUnlbKURuJcdw5rtRkWHAQ==, figureFileBig=F0nsIMiiSQC894dNdzNs1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986778482729634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620785287736, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Sampling location and lithological description of the Shengping Formation shale at Xishuiyuan section in Quanzhou County, figureFileSmall=BwxMaiyJaSxUPVTkcYxeIw==, figureFileBig=1VEb27ZdA3fjSfUDjgPUlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986778528866979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620785287736, language=CN, label=图3, caption=全州县溪水源剖面升坪组页岩取样位置及岩性描述, figureFileSmall=BwxMaiyJaSxUPVTkcYxeIw==, figureFileBig=1VEb27ZdA3fjSfUDjgPUlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986778579198628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620785287736, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Sample image of the Shengping Formation at Xishuiyuan section in Quanzhou County, figureFileSmall=CLEV50lQSQcti/Cu2IhMHg==, figureFileBig=O+O5c3VmNbG03dWtCBeOIA==, tableContent=null), 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NASC 数据来自文献[7]

, figureFileSmall=mgOggOqNt0GnOykphbNXpw==, figureFileBig=XeyQCjSR+cYQjZHIwc+xMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986778772136616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620785287736, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Rare earth element distribution pattern of the Shengping Formation at Xishuiyuan section in Quanzhou County, figureFileSmall=aaPcRf027Q8wPy9+HmTBzQ==, figureFileBig=zUI7ctk8LsyRsP+CsspadQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986778830856873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620785287736, language=CN, label=图6, caption=全州县溪水源剖面升坪组稀土元素配分模式

球粒陨石数据据文献 [23]

, figureFileSmall=aaPcRf027Q8wPy9+HmTBzQ==, figureFileBig=zUI7ctk8LsyRsP+CsspadQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986778885382826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620785287736, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Identification of the source properties of the black shale in the Shengping Formation at Xishuiyuan section in Quanzhou County, figureFileSmall=5lNgTOQD+73H/JqvY1/3ig==, figureFileBig=ygyK5esAWfPk9rIZld4ifQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986778931520171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620785287736, language=CN, label=图7, caption=全州县溪水源剖面升坪组黑色页岩物源性质判别图, figureFileSmall=5lNgTOQD+73H/JqvY1/3ig==, figureFileBig=ygyK5esAWfPk9rIZld4ifQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986778973463212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620785287736, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Element ratios and related parameters of the Shengping Formation in the water source profile of Quanzhou County, figureFileSmall=2IF9kpesAFaXSab0TjUapA==, figureFileBig=6L667Bapqpsh4Q4pnZB9Bw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986779036377777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620785287736, language=CN, label=图8, caption=全州县溪水源剖面升坪组元素比值及相关参数图, figureFileSmall=2IF9kpesAFaXSab0TjUapA==, figureFileBig=6L667Bapqpsh4Q4pnZB9Bw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986779103486645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620785287736, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Diagram for distinguishing the background of the black shale structure in the Shengping Formation at Xishuiyuan section in Quanzhou County, figureFileSmall=3mT1awFTjvU+g38koSHJ1Q==, figureFileBig=2msVkDRyICw/GNzzu3tlIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986779174789817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620785287736, language=CN, label=图9, caption=全州县溪水源剖面升坪组黑色页岩构造背景判别图解

PM 为被动大陆;ACM 为活动大陆;OIA 为大洋岛弧;CIA 为大陆岛弧; A1 为岛弧构造;A2 为演化岛弧;OIA 为大洋岛弧

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主量元素 采样点 ${\mathrm{{NASC}}}^{\left\lbrack 7\right\rbrack }$
S -1 S - 2 S - 3 S - 4 S - 5 S - 6 S - 7 S - 8 S - 9 S - 10 S - 11 S - 12 S -13 S - 14 S - 15 S - 16
${\mathrm{{SiO}}}_{2}$ 含量 $/\%$ 83.194 79.209 80.390 68.031 70.153 63.823 62.371 66.099 86.307 86.224 91.653 76.405 85.815 86.437 84.949 77.694 58.10
${\mathrm{{Fe}}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ 含量/% 0.855 1.777 3.685 4.172 3.464 7.854 8.492 2.698 1.313 1.765 1.663 1.951 0.775 1.517 4.037 4.577 4.02
${\mathrm{{Al}}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ 含量/% 7.778 9.534 7.073 13.565 13.723 13.488 13.677 16.915 5.581 6.003 2.881 10.268 7.033 5.964 4.580 8.263 15.40
$\mathrm{{CaO}}$ 含量 $/\%$ 0.026 0.016 0.071 0.025 0.011 0.028 0.017 0.012 0.022 0.016 0.017 0.011 0.015 0.054 0.374 0.103 3.11
$\mathrm{{MgO}}$ 含量 $/\%$ 0.563 0.702 0.508 1.901 0.967 2.168 1.350 1.107 0.418 0.560 0.265 0.711 0.464 0.418 0.702 0.977 2.44
${\mathrm{K}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$0 含量/% 2.482 2.945 2.132 3.454 4.427 3.387 3.974 5.406 1.504 1.884 0.855 3.351 1.642 1.493 1.240 2.186 3.24
${\mathrm{{Na}}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$ 含量/% 0.046 0.052 0.027 0.046 0.079 0.049 0.054 0.089 0.030 0.029 0.013 0.057 0.023 0.031 0.017 0.034 1.30
$\mathrm{{MnO}}$ 含量 $/\%$ 0.047 0.030 0.034 0.028 0.016 0.041 0.023 0.028 0.046 0.028 0.063 0.028 0.041 0.068 0.068 0.035 0.12
${\mathrm{{TiO}}}_{2}$ 含量 $/\%$ 0.404 0.442 0.300 0.646 0.619 0.682 0.619 0.849 0.251 0.250 0.123 0.451 0.360 0.325 0.215 0.417 0.65
${\mathrm{P}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{5}$ 含量/% 0.025 0.024 0.064 0.075 0.034 0.111 0.072 0.039 0.022 0.034 0.017 0.033 0.024 0.025 0.082 0.045 0.17
烧失量 $/\%$ 4.415 5.063 5.506 7.782 6.274 8.110 9.098 6.494 4.362 3.037 2.337 6.542 3.677 3.538 3.587 5.486 -
CIA 75.282 75.992 76.389 79.371 75.235 79.565 77.174 75.441 78.201 75.680 76.596 75.023 80.720 79.316 78.238 78.060 -
), ArticleFig(id=1156986779313201853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156986620785287736, language=CN, label=表1, caption=全州县溪水源剖面升坪组主量元素分析结果, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
主量元素 采样点 ${\mathrm{{NASC}}}^{\left\lbrack 7\right\rbrack }$
S -1 S - 2 S - 3 S - 4 S - 5 S - 6 S - 7 S - 8 S - 9 S - 10 S - 11 S - 12 S -13 S - 14 S - 15 S - 16
${\mathrm{{SiO}}}_{2}$ 含量 $/\%$ 83.194 79.209 80.390 68.031 70.153 63.823 62.371 66.099 86.307 86.224 91.653 76.405 85.815 86.437 84.949 77.694 58.10
${\mathrm{{Fe}}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ 含量/% 0.855 1.777 3.685 4.172 3.464 7.854 8.492 2.698 1.313 1.765 1.663 1.951 0.775 1.517 4.037 4.577 4.02
${\mathrm{{Al}}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ 含量/% 7.778 9.534 7.073 13.565 13.723 13.488 13.677 16.915 5.581 6.003 2.881 10.268 7.033 5.964 4.580 8.263 15.40
$\mathrm{{CaO}}$ 含量 $/\%$ 0.026 0.016 0.071 0.025 0.011 0.028 0.017 0.012 0.022 0.016 0.017 0.011 0.015 0.054 0.374 0.103 3.11
$\mathrm{{MgO}}$ 含量 $/\%$ 0.563 0.702 0.508 1.901 0.967 2.168 1.350 1.107 0.418 0.560 0.265 0.711 0.464 0.418 0.702 0.977 2.44
${\mathrm{K}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$0 含量/% 2.482 2.945 2.132 3.454 4.427 3.387 3.974 5.406 1.504 1.884 0.855 3.351 1.642 1.493 1.240 2.186 3.24
${\mathrm{{Na}}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$ 含量/% 0.046 0.052 0.027 0.046 0.079 0.049 0.054 0.089 0.030 0.029 0.013 0.057 0.023 0.031 0.017 0.034 1.30
$\mathrm{{MnO}}$ 含量 $/\%$ 0.047 0.030 0.034 0.028 0.016 0.041 0.023 0.028 0.046 0.028 0.063 0.028 0.041 0.068 0.068 0.035 0.12
${\mathrm{{TiO}}}_{2}$ 含量 $/\%$ 0.404 0.442 0.300 0.646 0.619 0.682 0.619 0.849 0.251 0.250 0.123 0.451 0.360 0.325 0.215 0.417 0.65
${\mathrm{P}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{5}$ 含量/% 0.025 0.024 0.064 0.075 0.034 0.111 0.072 0.039 0.022 0.034 0.017 0.033 0.024 0.025 0.082 0.045 0.17
烧失量 $/\%$ 4.415 5.063 5.506 7.782 6.274 8.110 9.098 6.494 4.362 3.037 2.337 6.542 3.677 3.538 3.587 5.486 -
CIA 75.282 75.992 76.389 79.371 75.235 79.565 77.174 75.441 78.201 75.680 76.596 75.023 80.720 79.316 78.238 78.060 -
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样品编号 微量元素含量 $/\left({\mu \mathrm{g}\cdot {\mathrm{g}}^{-1}}\right)$
$\mathrm{{Ba}}$ Cd Co Cr $\mathrm{{Ni}}$ Cu Rb Sr ${Z}_{r}$ Hf V Th U
S-1 97.54 0.20 0.65 23.31 7.66 1.98 13.56 13.51 9.06 0.25 22.33 0.80 0.64
S-2 61.94 0.06 0.25 7.94 3.28 1.42 9.10 8.60 5.57 0.24 26.59 0.60 0.46
S-3 174.11 0.46 2.94 50.44 29.02 9.67 17.93 17.24 9.59 0.38 71.28 2.35 3.17
S-4 141.33 0.15 1.63 20.10 10.82 26.76 21.17 23.70 19.96 0.51 75.29 3.16 2.37
S-5 60.06 0.09 0.73 8.65 2.71 2.12 10.55 9.53 5.62 0.16 9.15 1.06 0.34
S-6 163.07 0.09 3.25 14.84 13.09 9.73 25.84 20.28 38.55 1.00 24.90 4.50 3.20
S-7 173.13 0.08 3.17 9.50 7.26 6.33 29.67 29.72 20.85 0.60 34.68 3.67 2.21
S-8 40.54 0.08 0.28 14.68 3.41 1.06 8.31 7.39 5.92 0.14 9.78 0.63 0.38
S-9 96.19 0.12 0.30 12.83 5.66 35.35 10.35 9.12 6.03 0.16 20.78 0.78 0.60
S-10 57.71 0.09 0.34 7.91 3.82 1.69 6.39 5.63 3.21 0.09 23.39 0.61 0.63
S-11 45.07 0.07 0.25 6.53 2.42 1.53 2.60 2.33 1.51 0.03 5.19 0.19 0.13
S-12 44.32 0.07 0.35 6.78 3.72 1.17 8.44 7.30 3.67 0.11 18.05 0.47 0.34
S-13 98.99 0.30 0.44 49.31 9.31 2.64 14.07 7.75 4.32 0.17 18.92 0.94 0.37
S-14 179.36 0.11 0.66 22.97 3.67 4.33 16.43 16.58 20.05 0.39 31.63 1.59 0.73
S-15 563.97 0.20 6.18 41.17 18.68 34.97 43.23 50.15 27.32 0.66 62.47 4.13 1.56
S-16 435.05 0.14 6.41 41.55 20.43 28.51 52.65 50.10 31.29 0.93 85.62 4.95 1.98
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样品编号 微量元素含量 $/\left({\mu \mathrm{g}\cdot {\mathrm{g}}^{-1}}\right)$
$\mathrm{{Ba}}$ Cd Co Cr $\mathrm{{Ni}}$ Cu Rb Sr ${Z}_{r}$ Hf V Th U
S-1 97.54 0.20 0.65 23.31 7.66 1.98 13.56 13.51 9.06 0.25 22.33 0.80 0.64
S-2 61.94 0.06 0.25 7.94 3.28 1.42 9.10 8.60 5.57 0.24 26.59 0.60 0.46
S-3 174.11 0.46 2.94 50.44 29.02 9.67 17.93 17.24 9.59 0.38 71.28 2.35 3.17
S-4 141.33 0.15 1.63 20.10 10.82 26.76 21.17 23.70 19.96 0.51 75.29 3.16 2.37
S-5 60.06 0.09 0.73 8.65 2.71 2.12 10.55 9.53 5.62 0.16 9.15 1.06 0.34
S-6 163.07 0.09 3.25 14.84 13.09 9.73 25.84 20.28 38.55 1.00 24.90 4.50 3.20
S-7 173.13 0.08 3.17 9.50 7.26 6.33 29.67 29.72 20.85 0.60 34.68 3.67 2.21
S-8 40.54 0.08 0.28 14.68 3.41 1.06 8.31 7.39 5.92 0.14 9.78 0.63 0.38
S-9 96.19 0.12 0.30 12.83 5.66 35.35 10.35 9.12 6.03 0.16 20.78 0.78 0.60
S-10 57.71 0.09 0.34 7.91 3.82 1.69 6.39 5.63 3.21 0.09 23.39 0.61 0.63
S-11 45.07 0.07 0.25 6.53 2.42 1.53 2.60 2.33 1.51 0.03 5.19 0.19 0.13
S-12 44.32 0.07 0.35 6.78 3.72 1.17 8.44 7.30 3.67 0.11 18.05 0.47 0.34
S-13 98.99 0.30 0.44 49.31 9.31 2.64 14.07 7.75 4.32 0.17 18.92 0.94 0.37
S-14 179.36 0.11 0.66 22.97 3.67 4.33 16.43 16.58 20.05 0.39 31.63 1.59 0.73
S-15 563.97 0.20 6.18 41.17 18.68 34.97 43.23 50.15 27.32 0.66 62.47 4.13 1.56
S-16 435.05 0.14 6.41 41.55 20.43 28.51 52.65 50.10 31.29 0.93 85.62 4.95 1.98
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样品编号 Th/U $\mathrm{{Rb}}/\mathrm{{Sr}}$ Sr/Cu $\mathrm{V}/\left({\mathrm{V}+ \mathrm{{Ni}}}\right)$ Ce/La δEu 8Ce 铈异常指数 Ceanom ${\left(\mathrm{{La}}/\mathrm{{Yb}}\right)}_{\mathrm{N}}$
S-1 1.24 1.00 6.82 0.75 1.79 0.77 1.24 0.06 7.92
S-2 1.31 1.06 6.06 0.89 1.98 0.76 1.25 0.08 10.12
S-3 0.74 1.04 1.78 0.71 1.90 0.95 1.17 0.07 9.23
S-4 1.35 0.89 0.89 0.87 1.86 0.67 1.17 0.06 8.66
S-5 3.12 1.11 4.49 0.77 1.99 0.59 1.24 0.09 15.86
S-6 1.41 1.27 2.09 0.66 1.98 0.72 1.22 0.08 8.42
S-7 1.66 1.00 4.70 0.83 2.00 0.71 1.22 0.09 10.30
S-8 1.67 1.13 6.99 0.74 1.99 0.71 1.22 0.09 14.46
S-9 1.31 1.14 0.26 0.79 2.02 0.7 1.23 0.09 9.06
S-10 0.97 1.14 3.33 0.86 2.10 0.75 1.27 0.11 12.55
S-11 1.55 1.12 1.52 0.68 2.23 0.60 1.41 0.15 10.91
S-12 1.41 1.16 6.22 0.83 1.97 0.87 1.18 0.08 7.19
S-13 2.53 1.82 2.93 0.67 2.24 0.88 1.41 0.15 12.16
S-14 2.19 0.99 3.83 0.90 2.07 0.74 1.31 0.12 9.08
S-15 2.65 0.86 1.43 0.77 2.11 0.82 1.32 0.12 11.53
S-16 2.50 1.05 1.76 0.81 2.06 0.88 1.30 0.11 13.41
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样品编号 Th/U $\mathrm{{Rb}}/\mathrm{{Sr}}$ Sr/Cu $\mathrm{V}/\left({\mathrm{V}+ \mathrm{{Ni}}}\right)$ Ce/La δEu 8Ce 铈异常指数 Ceanom ${\left(\mathrm{{La}}/\mathrm{{Yb}}\right)}_{\mathrm{N}}$
S-1 1.24 1.00 6.82 0.75 1.79 0.77 1.24 0.06 7.92
S-2 1.31 1.06 6.06 0.89 1.98 0.76 1.25 0.08 10.12
S-3 0.74 1.04 1.78 0.71 1.90 0.95 1.17 0.07 9.23
S-4 1.35 0.89 0.89 0.87 1.86 0.67 1.17 0.06 8.66
S-5 3.12 1.11 4.49 0.77 1.99 0.59 1.24 0.09 15.86
S-6 1.41 1.27 2.09 0.66 1.98 0.72 1.22 0.08 8.42
S-7 1.66 1.00 4.70 0.83 2.00 0.71 1.22 0.09 10.30
S-8 1.67 1.13 6.99 0.74 1.99 0.71 1.22 0.09 14.46
S-9 1.31 1.14 0.26 0.79 2.02 0.7 1.23 0.09 9.06
S-10 0.97 1.14 3.33 0.86 2.10 0.75 1.27 0.11 12.55
S-11 1.55 1.12 1.52 0.68 2.23 0.60 1.41 0.15 10.91
S-12 1.41 1.16 6.22 0.83 1.97 0.87 1.18 0.08 7.19
S-13 2.53 1.82 2.93 0.67 2.24 0.88 1.41 0.15 12.16
S-14 2.19 0.99 3.83 0.90 2.07 0.74 1.31 0.12 9.08
S-15 2.65 0.86 1.43 0.77 2.11 0.82 1.32 0.12 11.53
S-16 2.50 1.05 1.76 0.81 2.06 0.88 1.30 0.11 13.41
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样品 编号 稀土元素含量 $/\left({\mu \mathrm{g}\cdot {\mathrm{g}}^{-1}}\right)$
La $\mathrm{{Ce}}$ $\Pr$ Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy ${\mathrm{H}}_{0}$ Er Tm Yb Lu
S-1 3.54 6.35 0.61 2.37 0.31 0.08 0.42 0.05 0.44 0.08 0.19 0.04 0.27 0.04
S-2 1.79 3.54 0.37 1.49 0.29 0.05 0.18 0.03 0.18 0.04 0.11 0.02 0.11 0.02
S-3 4.80 9.10 1.03 3.82 0.95 0.20 0.53 0.11 0.62 0.14 0.37 0.05 0.31 0.07
S-4 6.03 11.24 1.25 4.81 0.80 0.15 0.74 0.12 0.62 0.14 0.37 0.05 0.41 0.06
S-5 2.14 4.26 0.45 1.65 0.35 0.05 0.22 0.03 0.18 0.03 0.09 0.01 0.08 0.02
S-6 8.84 17.49 1.89 7.31 1.49 0.29 1.25 0.21 1.15 0.24 0.64 0.09 0.62 0.09
S-7 8.76 17.48 1.91 7.23 1.28 0.24 1.06 0.18 0.98 0.19 0.55 0.08 0.51 0.08
S-8 1.84 3.66 0.39 1.38 0.25 0.05 0.19 0.02 0.16 0.03 0.08 0.01 0.08 0.01
S-9 2.17 4.39 0.48 1.94 0.38 0.07 0.27 0.04 0.25 0.05 0.16 0.02 0.14 0.02
S-10 1.11 2.33 0.24 0.89 0.19 0.04 0.15 0.02 0.12 0.03 0.09 0.01 0.05 0.01
S-11 0.57 1.27 0.12 0.42 0.08 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.01
S-12 1.77 3.48 0.40 1.54 0.23 0.06 0.24 0.04 0.23 0.05 0.16 0.02 0.15 0.02
S-13 2.33 5.21 0.48 1.58 0.34 0.05 0.13 0.03 0.17 0.05 0.11 0.03 0.11 0.02
S-14 4.46 9.25 0.91 3.18 0.55 0.10 0.40 0.06 0.40 0.08 0.24 0.04 0.29 0.04
S-15 9.95 21.03 2.06 7.43 1.29 0.29 1.15 0.19 1.01 0.21 0.54 0.10 0.51 0.07
S-16 11.44 23.57 2.34 8.53 1.36 0.31 1.07 0.14 0.86 0.18 0.49 0.07 0.51 0.07
球粒陨石 0.237 0.612 0.095 0.047 0.153 0.058 0.206 0.037 0.254 0 0.056 6 0.166 0.026 0.170 0.025
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样品 编号 稀土元素含量 $/\left({\mu \mathrm{g}\cdot {\mathrm{g}}^{-1}}\right)$
La $\mathrm{{Ce}}$ $\Pr$ Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy ${\mathrm{H}}_{0}$ Er Tm Yb Lu
S-1 3.54 6.35 0.61 2.37 0.31 0.08 0.42 0.05 0.44 0.08 0.19 0.04 0.27 0.04
S-2 1.79 3.54 0.37 1.49 0.29 0.05 0.18 0.03 0.18 0.04 0.11 0.02 0.11 0.02
S-3 4.80 9.10 1.03 3.82 0.95 0.20 0.53 0.11 0.62 0.14 0.37 0.05 0.31 0.07
S-4 6.03 11.24 1.25 4.81 0.80 0.15 0.74 0.12 0.62 0.14 0.37 0.05 0.41 0.06
S-5 2.14 4.26 0.45 1.65 0.35 0.05 0.22 0.03 0.18 0.03 0.09 0.01 0.08 0.02
S-6 8.84 17.49 1.89 7.31 1.49 0.29 1.25 0.21 1.15 0.24 0.64 0.09 0.62 0.09
S-7 8.76 17.48 1.91 7.23 1.28 0.24 1.06 0.18 0.98 0.19 0.55 0.08 0.51 0.08
S-8 1.84 3.66 0.39 1.38 0.25 0.05 0.19 0.02 0.16 0.03 0.08 0.01 0.08 0.01
S-9 2.17 4.39 0.48 1.94 0.38 0.07 0.27 0.04 0.25 0.05 0.16 0.02 0.14 0.02
S-10 1.11 2.33 0.24 0.89 0.19 0.04 0.15 0.02 0.12 0.03 0.09 0.01 0.05 0.01
S-11 0.57 1.27 0.12 0.42 0.08 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.01
S-12 1.77 3.48 0.40 1.54 0.23 0.06 0.24 0.04 0.23 0.05 0.16 0.02 0.15 0.02
S-13 2.33 5.21 0.48 1.58 0.34 0.05 0.13 0.03 0.17 0.05 0.11 0.03 0.11 0.02
S-14 4.46 9.25 0.91 3.18 0.55 0.10 0.40 0.06 0.40 0.08 0.24 0.04 0.29 0.04
S-15 9.95 21.03 2.06 7.43 1.29 0.29 1.15 0.19 1.01 0.21 0.54 0.10 0.51 0.07
S-16 11.44 23.57 2.34 8.53 1.36 0.31 1.07 0.14 0.86 0.18 0.49 0.07 0.51 0.07
球粒陨石 0.237 0.612 0.095 0.047 0.153 0.058 0.206 0.037 0.254 0 0.056 6 0.166 0.026 0.170 0.025
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桂北中奥陶统升坪组页岩元素地球化学特征及其地质意义
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吴海东 1, 2 , 余烨 1, 2, * , 王莉 1 , 刘泽华 1, 2
科学技术与工程 | 天文学、地球科学 2025,25(8): 3110-3122
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科学技术与工程 | 天文学、地球科学 2025, 25(8): 3110-3122
桂北中奥陶统升坪组页岩元素地球化学特征及其地质意义
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吴海东1, 2 , 余烨1, 2, * , 王莉1, 刘泽华1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 湖南科技大学 地球科学与空间信息工程学院 湘潭 411201
  • 2 湖南科技大学 页岩气资源利用湖南省重点实验室 湘潭 411201
  • 吴海东(2000—),男,汉族,湖南衡阳人,硕士研究生。研究方向:油气地质。E-mail:1659488561@qq.com。

通讯作者:

*余烨(1983—),男,汉族,湖南娄底人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:沉积学及页岩气勘探。E-mail:yuye1983@163.com。
Element Geochemistry Characteristics and Geological Significance of Middle Ordovician Shengping Formation Shale in Northern Guangxi
Hai-dong WU1, 2 , Ye YU1, 2, * , Li WANG1, Ze-hua LIU1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Earth Sciences and Spatial Information Engineering Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan 411201 China
  • 2 Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Shale Gas Resource Utilization Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan 411201 China
出版时间: 2025-03-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403855
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为了研究桂北中奥陶统升坪组黑色页岩的形成机理、形成区的古环境和古气候、构造背景和物源等,在广西壮族自治区桂林市全州县文桥镇栗水村溪水源剖面升坪组采集16件黑色页岩以及黑色硅质页岩样品,并对其进行元素地球化学测试和分析。结果表明:溪水源剖面升坪组黑色页岩中主量元素${\mathrm{{SiO}}}_{2}$的含量最高(62.37%~91.65%,平均值为${78.04}\%$),其次为${\mathrm{{Al}}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$(2.88%~16.92%,平均值为9.15%),研究区微量元素与北美页岩(NASC)的含量相比所有元素均表现为亏损。样品(La/Yb)${}_{\mathrm{N}}$值为7.185~15.858,平均值为 10.678,轻稀土元素(LREE)/重稀土元素(HREE)为8.165~15.440,平均值为 11.029。表明轻重稀土分异现象较明显,LREE相对HREE富集;δEu 值表现负异常 (0.589~0.950,平均值为 0.758);δCe值表现正异常 (1.165~ 1.412, 平均值为 1.259)。地球化学特征显示:溪水源剖面升坪组黑色页岩源区构造背景为被动大陆边缘, 源岩类型为沉积岩;源区遭受了中等偏强程度的化学风化,受化学风化作用影响较大,以温湿气候为主;沉积环境以缺氧的还原环境为主。

黑色页岩  /  沉积环境  /  地球化学  /  升坪组  /  桂北地区

In order to study the formation mechanism, paleoenvironment, paleoclimate, tectonic background, and source of black shale in the Shengping Formation of the Middle Ordovician in northern Guangxi, sixteen samples of black shale and black siliceous shale were collected from the Shengping Formation at Xishuiyuan section in Quanzhou County, Guilin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and element geochemistry testing and analysis were conducted on them. The results show that the content of the main element${\mathrm{{SiO}}}_{2}$in the black shale of the Shengping Formation at Xishuiyuan section is the highest (${62.37}\%\sim {91.65}\%$, average${78.04}\%$), followed by${\mathrm{{Al}}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}({2.88}\%\sim$16.92%, average 9.15%). Compared with the North American shale (NASC), the content of trace elements in the study area shows a loss for all elements. The value of the sample${\left(\mathrm{{La}}/\mathrm{{Yb}}\right)}_{\mathrm{N}}$is${7.185}\sim {15.858}$, with an average of 10.678. The light rare earth elements (LREE)/ heavy rare earth elements (HREE) values are${8.165}\sim {15.440}$, with an average of 11.029. It indicates that the differentiation phenomenon of light and heavy rare earth elements is more obvious, and LREE are relatively enriched compared to HREE. The δEu value exhibits negative anomalies$\left({{0.589}\sim {0.950}}\right)$, with an average value of 0.758 ; The$\delta \mathrm{{Ce}}$value exhibits positive anomalies$\left({{1.165}\sim {1.412}}\right.$, with an average of 1.259). The geochemical characteristics show that the structural background of the black shale source area in the Shengping Formation of the Xishuiyuan profile is passive continental margin, and the source rock type is sedimentary rock. The source area has undergone moderate to strong chemical weathering, which is greatly affected by chemical weathering, with a predominantly warm and humid climate. The sedimentary environment is mainly a deoxidizing environment with oxygen deficiency.

black shale  /  sedimentary environment  /  geochemistry  /  Shengping Formation  /  northern Guangxi region
吴海东, 余烨, 王莉, 刘泽华. 桂北中奥陶统升坪组页岩元素地球化学特征及其地质意义. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (8) : 3110 -3122 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403855
Hai-dong WU, Ye YU, Li WANG, Ze-hua LIU. Element Geochemistry Characteristics and Geological Significance of Middle Ordovician Shengping Formation Shale in Northern Guangxi[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (8) : 3110 -3122 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403855
在地质演化的过程中, 不同的元素富集在不同的环境中。受到演化过程中环境的气候、盐度、氧化还原条件等的影响, 会表现出不同的地球化学平衡。通过对其中主微量元素的分析, 可以定性或者半定量的分析其古环境特征, 如古气候、古氧化还原条件等[1]。通过对稀土元素的分析,可以很好地判断电源岩的属性 Iones 等。过利用$\mathrm{V}$$\mathrm{{Cr}}$$\mathrm{{Ni}}$$\mathrm{{Co}}$$\mathrm{U}$$\mathrm{{Th}}$ 等元素的数值关系判断区域的氧化还原条件。田景春等[4] 通过利用$\mathrm{{Li}}\text{、}\mathrm{{Sr}}$$\mathrm{{Ni}}\text{、}\mathrm{{Ga}}\text{、}\mathrm{{Sr}}$ 等元素的数值关系指示古盐度。Lerman[5] 提出利用$\mathrm{{Sr}}/\mathrm{{Cu}}$ 比值进行古气候划分。稀土元素因其低溶解度和化学稳定性, 在受到风化、 剥蚀、搬运、再沉积和成岩作用的影响时, 其组成和分布模式很少改变[6]。Bhatia[7] 研究表明,沉积物中的稀土元素主要受源岩属性控制, 可以反映物源成分、沉积环境以及构造变化等因素。
近年来, 随着对广西壮族自治区区域内页岩气勘探的加深, 发现广西壮族自治区区域存在多套页岩气富集的有利层系,如中、下泥盆统塘丁组、罗富组和下石炭统鹿寨组黑色页岩等[8-9]。与此同时, 部分学者也通过大量的野外露头剖面和少量的钻探资料开展了黑色页岩沉积环境[10] 、有机地球化学[11] 及储层特征的研究[12],为广西壮族自治区上古生界页岩气勘探潜力评价提供了重要的基础数据。而下古生界奥陶系升坪组在桂北地区也广泛发育黑色页岩[13],但受华南前泥盆纪变质基底观念的影响, 长期以来认为华南南部下古生界绝大多数页岩地层均已变质为板岩, 不具备生烃潜力[14], 但笔者在开展湘中南地区下古生界页岩气资源潜力评价时, 在靠近湖南东安县的全州县文桥镇溪水源奥陶系地层中发现巨厚未变质的碳质页岩,通过广西地质资料的查阅以及区域剖面的对比认为该套碳质页岩属升坪组。升坪组广泛发育在桂北地区, 分布面积大,厚度一般在${90}\sim {276}\mathrm{\;m}$,笔石动物丰富,普遍含有机质及黄铁矿[15-16]。由于升坪组碳质页岩具有厚度大、分布广、变质程度低特点, 无疑是桂北地区页岩气勘探的新的目的层,但是目前对升坪组碳质页岩形成机理、形成区的古环境和古气候、构造背景和物源尚不清楚。
鉴于此, 以桂北地区全州县文桥镇溪水源中奥陶统升坪组黑色页岩露头剖面为基础,通过最新开挖露头剖面获取新鲜岩样 16 件, 对样品进行元素地球化学特征的分析测试, 通过研究其主量元素、微量元素、稀土元素的化学特征,进而推断其源岩属性、古气候、古氧化还原条件和构造背景, 以期为溪水源剖面中奥陶统升坪组黑色页岩的地质特征和油气勘探潜力提供地球化学的证据。
桂北地区位于扬子陆块与华夏陆块的结合部位, 北东方向与湖南省接壤, 北面与贵州省相邻, 如图1(根据文献 [17] 修改)所示。其中一晚元古代基底由扬子陆块和华夏陆块共同构造[18],在晋宁运动之后, 扬子古陆块的东南缘的边界位置和构造性质发生了巨大的变化。此时, 华南大洋板块 (华夏板块) 向扬子古陆块的东南缘拼合和增生, 形成了统一的陆块。作为华南陆块的一部分, 桂北地区也演变为较稳定的被动大陆边缘盆地。在这个盆地中, 依次沉积了震旦系半深海-深海相碎屑岩和泥质岩、寒武系碎屑浊积岩以及奥陶系富含笔石的砂质页岩和页岩[19]
在桂北地区, 奥陶系发育较为完整, 从下到上依次发育下奥陶统黄隘组、中奥陶统升坪组和上奥陶统田岭口组。黄隘组的主要岩性为青灰色中到厚层的变质含长石石英细到粗砂岩,间夹灰黑色薄到中层状的碳质板岩。升坪组主要由碳质、硅质、 粉砂质和含黄铁矿的板岩组成, 有些地方夹杂着中层状细砂岩,颜色在风化后呈现灰白色,原本为深灰到黑色 (图2)。该组的单层厚度较薄,呈纹层状或微薄层状,含有漂浮的笔石类生物化石,笔石带完整,序列清晰。田岭口组是一种微薄层状粉砂质板岩,颜色从灰白到深灰不等,其中夹杂着一些硅质岩,还含少量黄铁矿晶粒[20]。在中奥陶统升坪组时期,华南板块继承了寒武纪到早奥陶世的台-坡- 盆构造格局。在广西地区, 自西向东依次发育了碳酸盐岩台地相、页岩夹砂岩的斜坡相以及富含笔石碳质页岩和硅质页岩的深水盆地相[21] (图1)。桂北地区主要位于斜坡相和盆地相的位置, 升坪组时期沉积了一套厚约${184}\mathrm{\;m}$ 的黑色富有机质页岩[22]
共采集全州县溪水源剖面升坪组黑色页岩新鲜样品 16 件。取样地点位于广西壮族自治区桂林市全州县文桥镇栗水村溪水源,层位为中奥陶统升坪组, 取样位置及相关岩性描述如图3 所示, 部分岩石样品特征如图4 所示。
样品的主量元素、微量元素、稀土元素的前处理和分析测试在中南大学有色金属成矿预测与地质环境监测教育部重点实验室完成。主量元素采用荷兰帕纳克公司的 AxiosPW4400 型 X 射线荧光光谱仪进行检测, 而微量和稀土元素则采用美国珀金埃尔默公司的 ElanDCR-e 型等离子体质谱分析仪 (inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. ICP-MS)进行测试。分析误差低于 5%, 同一样品的测试结果一致, 因此测试结果具有高度的准确性和可靠性。
升坪组页岩中主量元素测试结果如表1 所示,${\mathrm{{SiO}}}_{2}$ 的含量为${62.37}\%\sim {91.65}\%$,平均值为${78.04}\%;{\mathrm{{Al}}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ 的含量为${2.88}\%\sim {16.92}\%$,平均值为${9.15}\%;{\mathrm{{Fe}}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ 的含量为${0.78}\%\sim {8.49}\%$,平均值为${3.16}\%;\mathrm{{CaO}}$ 的含量为${0.01}\%\sim {0.37}\%$,平均值为${0.05}\%;\mathrm{{MgO}}$ 的含量为${0.27}\%\sim {2.17}\%$,平均值为${0.86}\%{\mathrm{\;K}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$ 的含量为${0.86}\%\sim {5.41}\%$,平均值为${2.65}\%;{\mathrm{{Na}}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$ 的含量为${0.01}\%\sim {0.09}\%$,平均值为${0.04}\%;\mathrm{{MnO}}$ 的含量为${0.02}\%\sim {0.07}\%$,平均值为${0.04}\%{\mathrm{{TiO}}}_{2}$ 的含量为${0.12}\%\sim {0.85}\%$,平均值为${0.44}\%;{\mathrm{P}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{5}$ 的含量为${0.02}\%\sim {0.11}\%$,平均值为 0.05%;与北美页岩 (north american shale composite, NASC) 的元素组成进行对比 (图5), 发现在整个升坪组期间样品的${\mathrm{{SiO}}}_{2}$ 含量较$\mathrm{{NASC}}$ 表现为富集。升坪组下段的 6 号、 7 号样品的${\mathrm{{Fe}}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ 含量较 NASC 表现为富集, 升坪组下段的 5 号, 中段的 8 号样品的${\mathrm{K}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$ 含量较 NASC 表现为富集,升坪组上段的 15 号样品的 MnO 含量较 NASC 表现为富集。其余各样品的${\mathrm{{Al}}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$${\mathrm{{Fe}}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$$\mathrm{{MgO}}$$\mathrm{{CaO}}$${\mathrm{{TiO}}}_{2}$${\mathrm{P}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{5}$${\mathrm{{Na}}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$ 含量对比 NASC 都表现为亏损。
样品的主量元素、微量元素、稀土元素的前处理和分析测试在中南大学有色金属成矿预测与地质环境监测教育部重点实验室完成。主量元素采用荷兰帕纳克公司的 AxiosPW4400 型 X 射线荧光光谱仪进行检测, 而微量和稀土元素则采用美国珀金埃尔默公司的 ElanDCR-e 型等离子体质谱分析仪 (ICP-MS) 进行测试。分析误差低于 5%, 同一样品的测试结果一致, 因此测试结果具有高度的准确性和可靠性。
升坪组页岩中微量元素的测定结果如表2表3 (其中球粒陨石标准化数据来自文献 [23])所示。所有样品中富集了微量元素,如$\mathrm{{Ba}}\text{、}\mathrm{{Sr}}\text{、}\mathrm{V}\text{、}\mathrm{{Cr}}\text{、}\mathrm{{Ni}}$$\mathrm{{Cu}}\text{、}\mathrm{{Co}}\text{、}\mathrm{{Th}}\text{、}\mathrm{U}$ 等。从表2 可以看出,$\mathrm{{Ba}}$ 含量最高,范围为${40.54}\sim {563.97\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{g}$,平均值为${152.02\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{g}$$\mathrm{V}$ 的含量相对较高,从${5.19\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{g}$ 变化到${85.62\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{g}$, 平均值为${33.75\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{g}$$\mathrm{{Sr}}$ 的含量在${2.33}\sim {50.15\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{g}$, 平均值为${17.432\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{g}$$\mathrm{{Ni}}$$\mathrm{{Cr}}$ 的含量次之,分别为${2.42}\sim {29.02\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{g}$${6.53}\sim {50.44\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{g}$,平均值分别为${9.06\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{g}$${21.16\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{g}$。其余元素的含量相对较低。研究区微量元素与北美页岩[7] 的含量相比所有元素均表现为亏损[24]
升坪组页岩中稀土元素的测定结果如表4 所示。稀土元素总含量$\left({\sum \mathrm{{REE}}}\right)$ 范围为${2.66}\sim {50.95\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{g}$, 平均值为${20.361\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{g}$,明显低于北美页岩 (NASC) 的稀土元素总含量[25] 和大陆地壳 (UCC)的均值[26] (${148.10\mu g}/\mathrm{g}$),反映稀土元素总量严重亏缺。
轻稀土元素($\sum$ LREE)范围为${2.424}\sim {47.556\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{g}$, 平均值为${18.610\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{g}$ ; 重稀土元素 ($\sum$ HREE) 范围为${0.195}\sim {4.294\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{g}$,平均值为${1.751\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{g}$。样品的轻稀土元素和重稀土元素比值 (LREE/HREE) 为 8.165 ~ 15.440, 平均值为 11.029, 高于北美页岩的比值[25] (7.5),表明轻稀土元素 (LREE) 相对富集。轻稀土元素和重稀土元素标准化后的比值${\left(\mathrm{{La}}/\mathrm{{Yb}}\right)}_{\mathrm{N}}$ 范围为 7.185 ~ 15.858,平均值为 10.678, 也表明明显的轻稀土富集和重稀土亏缺[27]。通常情况下,陆相沉积物相对富集重稀土, 而海相沉积物相对富集轻稀土[28]
经过球粒陨石标准化处理后,样品稀土元素含量的变化如图6 所示,${\left(\mathrm{{La}}/\mathrm{{Sm}}\right)}_{\mathrm{N}}$${\left(\mathrm{{Gd}}/\mathrm{{Yb}}\right)}_{\mathrm{N}}$ 分别反映轻、重稀土元素之间的分馏程度[29]。研究区样品的${\left(\mathrm{{La}}/\mathrm{{Sm}}\right)}_{\mathrm{N}}$ 范围为${3.17}\sim {7.24}$,平均值为 4.48 ;${\left(\mathrm{{Gd}}/\mathrm{{Yb}}\right)}_{\mathrm{N}}$ 值范围为${0.69}\sim {1.79}$,平均值为 1.19。结果表明, 轻稀土元素之间的分异较为明显, 而重稀土元素的分异程度较低。
从稀土元素配分图像 (图4) 可以看出, 在La-Eu 轻稀土元素段, 配分曲线陡峭, 斜率较大, 显示出轻稀土元素之间的明显分馏。而在$\mathrm{{Gd}}- \mathrm{{Lu}}$ 重稀土元素段, 配分曲线较为平坦, 斜率较小, 表明重稀土元素之间的分馏程度较低[30]。此外,$\mathrm{{Eu}}$ 元素呈现明显的 “谷” 状,$\delta \mathrm{{Eu}}$${0.589}\sim {0.950}$,平均值为 0.758,表现负异常。与此相反,$\delta \mathrm{{Ce}}$${1.165}\sim$ 1.412, 平均值为 1.259, 表现正异常。
稀土元素和一些微量元素常常用来确定物源特征和物源类型, 因为它们具有稳定的化学性质, 较小地受到风化、剥蚀、搬运、沉积和成岩作用的影响[31]
经过球粒陨石标准化处理后,全州县溪水源剖面升坪组黑色页岩的稀土元素配分模式呈现出轻稀土元素相对富集、重稀土元素相对贫乏且含量稳定$\mathrm{N}$ 元素呈现负异常的特点。这与上地壳中的稀土元素配分模式相一致[32] (图6)。这表明研究区的母岩可能来源于上地壳。
过渡族元素$\mathrm{{Sc}}$$\mathrm{{Cr}}$$\mathrm{{Co}}$ 通常富集于镁铁质基性岩石,而高场强元素$\mathrm{{La}}\text{、}\mathrm{{Zr}}\text{、}\mathrm{{Th}}$ 则主要在长英质岩石中富集。这些元素的比值可用于区分源岩的岩性。基于此, Allegre[33] 提出了利用$\mathrm{{La}}/\mathrm{{Yb}}- \sum$ REE 的源岩属性判别图解。Floyd 等[34] 提出了利用$\mathrm{{La}}/\mathrm{{Th}}- \mathrm{{Hf}}$ 的源号属性判别链。Cu${2}^{1 \times 2}$ 提出了Co${}^{+ }$ Th-La$\mathrm{{Sc}}$ 的源岩属性判别图解。利用$\mathrm{{La}}/\mathrm{{Yb}}- \sum$ REE 判别图解对溪水源剖面升坪组黑色页岩样品进行投点 [图7(a)], 结果显示, 点位大多位于沉积岩区域, 少数点位位于大陆拉斑玄武岩区域, 表明源区主要为沉积岩,夹杂极少数玄武岩。在$\mathrm{{La}}/\mathrm{{Th}}- \mathrm{{Hf}}$ 的判别图解上[图7(b)], 可以看出投点偏向长英质、基性岩混合物源和安山质岛弧物源。在$\mathrm{{Co}}/\mathrm{{Th}}- \mathrm{{La}}/\mathrm{{Sc}}$ 判别图解中[图7(c)], 研究区样品显示出与长英质火山岩相近的特征。
综合稀土元素的配分模式,$\mathrm{{La}}/\mathrm{{Yb}}- \sum \mathrm{{REE}},\mathrm{{La}}/$ $\mathrm{{Th}}- \mathrm{{Hf}}$$\mathrm{{Co}}/\mathrm{{Th}}- \mathrm{{La}}/\mathrm{{Sc}}$ 图解,反映出源岩母岩物质复杂,以来源于上地壳的长英质、基性岩混合物质为主的特点, 源岩类型为沉积岩。
元素比值可以更好地反映古气候变化,如$\mathrm{{Sr}}$$\mathrm{{Cu}}$ 的含量比值。$\mathrm{{Sr}}/\mathrm{{Cu}}$ 比值通常用来指示古气候变化。一般来说,在温湿条件下,$\mathrm{{Sr}}$ 元素含量较低,$\mathrm{{Cu}}$ 元素含量较高,$1 <\mathrm{{Sr}}/\mathrm{{Cu}}< {10}$ 表征温湿气候,$\mathrm{{Sr}}/$ $\mathrm{{Cu}}> {10}$ 表征干热气候[36]。在研究区,$\mathrm{{Sr}}/\mathrm{{Cu}}$ 值范围为${0.26}\sim {6.99}$,所有样品的$\mathrm{{Sr}}/\mathrm{{Cu}}$ 值均$<{10}$,平均值为 3.44(表3图8),表明研究区主要为温湿气候,其中下段的 1 号和 2 号, 中段的 7 号、 8 号和 12 号样品的$\mathrm{{Sr}}/\mathrm{{Cu}}$ 值较总样品$\mathrm{{Sr}}/\mathrm{{Cu}}$ 的平均值较大, 表明该时期气候较其他时期干旱。
在风化过程中,$\mathrm{{Sr}}$ 元素容易流失,而$\mathrm{{Rb}}$ 元素相对稳定。在温暖潮湿的气候条件下,降水量较大, 风化作用较强,导致$\mathrm{{Sr}}$ 元素容易流失,从而使$\mathrm{{Rb}}/\mathrm{{Sr}}$ 比值升高; 而在干燥炎热的气候条件下, 降水量较少,风化作用较弱,沉积岩中会残留更多$\mathrm{{Sr}}$ 元素,使$\mathrm{{Rb}}/\mathrm{{Sr}}$ 比值相对降低。因此,高$\mathrm{{Rb}}/\mathrm{{Sr}}$ 比值指示的是温暖潮湿的气候环境,而低$\mathrm{{Rb}}/\mathrm{{Sr}}$ 比值指示的是干燥寒冷的气候环境[37]。在样品中,$\mathrm{{Rb}}/\mathrm{{Sr}}$ 比值为${0.86}\sim {1.82}$,平均值为 1.11 (表3)。这个比值相对较高, 所有样品值均高于澳大利亚后太古界平均页岩 (约 0.8),反映出温暖潮湿的气候环境。其中下段的 1 号、2 号和 3 号样品, 中段的 4 号和 7 号样品的$\mathrm{{Rb}}/\mathrm{{Sr}}$ 比值较总样品$\mathrm{{Rb}}/\mathrm{{Sr}}$ 的平均值较小,表明该时期气候较其他时期干旱。
$\mathrm{{La}}$$\mathrm{{Yb}}$ 分别是轻稀土元素和重稀土元素的标志性元素。${\mathrm{{La}}}_{\mathrm{N}}/{\mathrm{{Yb}}}_{\mathrm{N}}$ 反映了轻重稀土元素之间的分化程度。高${\mathrm{{La}}}_{\mathrm{N}}/{\mathrm{{Yb}}}_{\mathrm{N}}$ 表明轻稀土元素相对富集,而低${\mathrm{{La}}}_{\mathrm{N}}/{\mathrm{{Yb}}}_{\mathrm{N}}$ 值表示重稀土元素相对富集。在温暖湿润的环境中, 风化和生物作用导致重稀土元素比轻稀土元素更易形成碳酸盐和有机络合物, 从而更早溶解和迁移。这导致轻稀土元素在风化残留物中相对富集。因此,高${\mathrm{{La}}}_{\mathrm{N}}/{\mathrm{{Yb}}}_{\mathrm{N}}$ 指示温暖湿润气候,低${\mathrm{{La}}}_{\mathrm{N}}/{\mathrm{{Yb}}}_{\mathrm{N}}$ 指示干燥炎热气候[38]。本文样品的检测数据中,${\mathrm{{La}}}_{\mathrm{N}}/{\mathrm{{Yb}}}_{\mathrm{N}}$${7.92}\sim {15.86}$,平均值为 10.68 (表3), 高于平均大陆上地壳 (9.19)。这一整体偏高的数值反映了沉积时温暖潮湿程度的相对较高水平。其中下段的 1 号、 2 号和 3 号样品,中段的 4 号、 6 号、7 号和 12 号样品${\mathrm{{La}}}_{\mathrm{N}}/{\mathrm{{Yb}}}_{\mathrm{N}}$ 的比值较总样品${\mathrm{{La}}}_{\mathrm{N}}/{\mathrm{{Yb}}}_{\mathrm{N}}$ 的平均值较小,表明该时期气候较其他时期干旱。
综合$\mathrm{{Sr}}/\mathrm{{Cu}}\text{、}\mathrm{{Rb}}/\mathrm{{Sr}}$${\mathrm{{La}}}_{\mathrm{N}}/{\mathrm{{Yb}}}_{\mathrm{N}}$ 值的分析,3 种判别参数对全州县溪水源剖面升坪组的古气候的反映基本一致, 全州县溪水源剖面升坪组黑色页岩沉积时期以温湿气候为主,在升坪组下段以及中段的部分时期,出现过相对干旱的气候。
化学蚀变指数 (CIA) 是一种用来评估源岩风化程度的指标, 其计算公式为
$\mathrm{{CIA}}= \frac{{\mathrm{{Al}}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}}{{\mathrm{{Al}}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}+ {\mathrm{{CaO}}}^{* }+ {\mathrm{{Na}}}_{2}\mathrm{O}+ {\mathrm{K}}_{2}\mathrm{O}}\times {100}$
式(1)中:所有氧化物均为摩尔含量;CaO${}^{* }$ 为硅酸盐中$\mathrm{{CaO}}$ 的摩尔含量,需要校正碳酸盐矿物和磷酸盐矿物中的$\mathrm{{Ca}}$,如果经过校正后的$\mathrm{{CaO}}$ 值小于等于${\mathrm{{Na}}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$ 值,则采用$\mathrm{{CaO}}$ 值; 如果$\mathrm{{CaO}}$ 值大于${\mathrm{{Na}}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$ 值, 则采用${\mathrm{{Na}}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$[39]
当 CIA 值超过 80 时, 表示物源区经历了非常强烈的化学风化作用。当 CIA 在 60~80 时,表示物源区经历了中等程度的化学风化; 当 CIA 在 55~60 时, 表示物源区经历了较弱的化学风化; 当 CIA 在${45}\sim {55}$ 时,表示物源区没有经历化学风化[40]。升坪组黑色页岩的 CIA 在 73.2~79.2,平均值为 75.6 (表1), 这表明源区经历了中等偏高程度的化学风化。
稀土元素也可以较好地反映源区的风化程度。风化和生物作用导致重稀土元素比轻稀土元素更易形成碳酸盐和有机络合物, 从而更早溶解和迁移。这导致轻稀土元素在风化残留物中相对富集。高${\mathrm{{La}}}_{\mathrm{N}}/{\mathrm{{Yb}}}_{\mathrm{N}}$ 值表明轻稀土元素相对富集,而低${\mathrm{{La}}}_{\mathrm{N}}/{\mathrm{{Yb}}}_{\mathrm{N}}$ 值表示重稀土元素相对富集。本文样品的${\mathrm{{La}}}_{\mathrm{N}}/{\mathrm{{Yb}}}_{\mathrm{N}}$${7.92}\sim {15.86}$,平均值为 10.68 (表3),高于平均大陆上地壳 (9.19)。这一整体偏高的数值反映了源区的化学风化作用较强烈。
在源区, 风化作用和沉积物再循环过程会使难溶的${\mathrm{U}}^{4 +}$ 氧化成易溶的${\mathrm{U}}^{6 +}$,从而导致铀元素的流失。因此,沉积岩的$\mathrm{{Th}}/\mathrm{U}$ 与风化作用的强度呈正相关[41]。样品的$\mathrm{{Th}}/\mathrm{U}$ 值相对一致,主要集中在${0.74}\sim {3.12}$,平均值为${2.5}\left({表\ 3}\right)$,表明源区的化学风化程度中等较弱。
需要说明的是, CIA 和$\mathrm{{Th}}/\mathrm{U}$ 两种参数在衡量化学风化强度的数值范围上存在差异[42],因此在使用这两种参数来判断样品的化学风化强度时, 可能会出现细微差别。通过对照稀土元素, 以及源区古气候综合分析,认为源区的化学风化强度为中等偏强。
不同的元素对氧化还原环境的敏感性不同。对于对氧化还原敏感的微量元素, 在氧化环境下比在还原环境下更容易溶解。而在缺氧沉积环境下, 这些元素会被富集到自生矿物中。
根据文献[43],为了判断沉积水体的氧化还原环境, 可以利用以下指标: 在缺氧还原环境中,$\mathrm{{Ce}}/\mathrm{{La}}> {1.8},\mathrm{\;V}/\left({\mathrm{V}+ \mathrm{{Ni}}}\right)> {0.54}$ ; 在贫氧环境中,$\mathrm{{Ce}}/\mathrm{{La}}$${1.5}\sim {1.8},\mathrm{\;V}/\left({\mathrm{V}+ \mathrm{{Ni}}}\right)$${0.46}\sim {0.6}$ ; 在富氧氧化环境中,$\mathrm{{Ce}}/\mathrm{{La}}< {1.5},\mathrm{\;V}/\left({\mathrm{V}+ \mathrm{{Ni}}}\right)< {0.46}^{\left\lbrack {44}\right\rbrack }$。本文样品中的$\mathrm{{Ce}}/\mathrm{{La}}$ 介于${1.79}\sim {2.24}$ (表3),平均值为${2.02};\mathrm{V}/\left({\mathrm{V}+ \mathrm{{Ni}}}\right)$ 介于${0.66}\sim {0.90}$,平均值为 0.78 (表3),这表明在沉积过程中为缺氧还原环境。
从稀土元素的角度来看,$\mathrm{{Ce}}$ 元素的氧化还原状态和$\mathrm{{pH}}$ 会受到环境的影响。通常情况下,铈以 +3 和 +4 两种价态存在。在还原环境下,Ce${}^{4 +}$ 会被还原成Ce${}^{3 +}$,导致Ce${}^{3 +}$ 浓度增加,使得铈含量增加。因此, 铈异常在分析沉积环境和古水介质条件方面具有示踪作用。铈异常指数(Ceanom)和$\delta \mathrm{{Ce}}$ 值可以作为判断古环境下水介质氧化还原条件的标志[45]。如果 Ceanom$>- {0.1}$,表示铈的富集,反映水体呈现缺氧的还原环境;如果 Ceanom$<- {0.1}$,表示铈亏损,反映水体呈氧化环境; 如果$\delta \mathrm{{Ce}}$ 大于 1, 表示正异常,代表还原环境; 如果$\delta \mathrm{{Ce}}$ 小于 0.95,表示负异常, 代表氧化环境。对研究区样品的分析结果显示,其 Ceanom 为 0.059~0.154,均大于 -0.1, 同时其$\delta \mathrm{{Ce}}$ 为 1.165$\sim {1.246}$,均大于 1 (表3)。结果表明, 在沉积时期, 研究区域内的水体呈缺氧的还原环境[46]
此外, 岩石的颜色也是判断氧化还原环境的直观指标。一般情况下, 岩石颜色为红色、褐色指示氧化环境;岩石颜色为深灰色、黑色指示还原条件。采集的 16 个样品均呈现深灰色或者黑色 (图4), 且黄铁矿含量较为丰富,指示为还原环境下的产物[47]。综上可知,全州县溪水源剖面升坪组黑色页岩沉积环境为缺氧的还原环境。
在不同的构造环境中, 沉积岩的稀土元素表现会有明显差异。如活动大陆边缘的沉积物重稀土元素富集,且不出现$\mathrm{{Eu}}$ 亏损; 而被动大陆边缘的沉积物轻稀土富集,同时 Eu 呈现负异常[48]。研究区样品的稀土元素表现为轻稀土元素相对富集,$\delta \mathrm{{Eu}}$ 值为 0.59~0.95,出现负异常。根据这些数据,可以推断全州县溪水源剖面的升坪组黑色页岩源区的构造环境属于被动大陆边缘。
Roser 等[49] 提出了通过${\mathrm{K}}_{2}\mathrm{O}+ {\mathrm{{Na}}}_{2}\mathrm{O}- {\mathrm{{SiO}}}_{2}$ 图解来鉴别泥岩物源区的构造背景的方法。对研究区的页岩样品进行实验发现, 所有样品都位于被动大陆边缘区域 [图9(a)]。McLennan 等[50] 通过研究不同构造背景下沉积物的地球化学特征,提出了应用${\mathrm{{SiO}}}_{2}/{\mathrm{{Al}}}_{2}\mathrm{O}3 -{\mathrm{K}}_{2}\mathrm{O}/{\mathrm{{Na}}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$ 图解来鉴别沉积物源区的构造背景的方法。对样品进行分析, 结果表明, 所有样品都位于被动大陆边缘区域 [图9(b)]。这些结果表明研究区的泥岩和页岩样品的物源区构造背景均为被动大陆边缘。
Bhatia 等[51] 提出了一种方法,通过分析非迁移性微量元素, 可以构建 Th-Co-Zr/10 构造背景图解。应用 Bhatia 的构造背景判别图解[图9(c)],对研究区的黑色页岩样品进行分析, 发现它们主要分布于被动大陆边缘区域或其附近区域。
图9 可知, 全州县溪水源剖面升坪组黑色页岩源区的构造背景为被动大陆边缘。
(1)综合 CIA、稀土元素、Th/U 3 种参数分析, 认为全州县溪水源剖面升坪组黑色页岩母岩经历的化学风化强度为中等偏强。综合稀土元素的配分模式, La/Yb-$\sum$ REE, La/Th-Hf 和 Co/Th-La/Sc 图解, 认为全州县溪水源剖面升坪组黑色页岩的原始物质较复杂, 主要来源于上地壳的长英质、基性岩混合物质,源岩类型为沉积岩。
(2)综合$\mathrm{{Sr}}/\mathrm{{Cu}}$$\mathrm{{Rb}}/\mathrm{{Sr}}$${\mathrm{{La}}}_{\mathrm{N}}/{\mathrm{{Yb}}}_{\mathrm{N}}$ 值的分析, 3 种判别参数对全州县溪水源剖面升坪组的古气候的反映基本一致, 全州县溪水源剖面升坪组黑色页岩沉积时期以温湿气候为主,在升坪组下段以及中段的部分时期,出现过相对干旱的气候。
(3)通过分析$\mathrm{V}/\mathrm{{Cr}}$$\mathrm{V}/\left({\mathrm{V}+ \mathrm{{Ni}}}\right)$$\mathrm{{Ni}}/\mathrm{{Co}}$、铈异常指数 (Ceanom) 和$\delta \mathrm{{Ce}}$,认为全州县溪水源剖面升坪组黑色页岩沉积环境以缺氧的还原环境为主。
(4)综合分析$\delta \mathrm{{Eu}}$ 值、${\mathrm{K}}_{2}\mathrm{O}+ {\mathrm{{Na}}}_{2}\mathrm{O}- {\mathrm{{SiO}}}_{2}$ 图解、${\mathrm{{SiO}}}_{2}/{\mathrm{{Al}}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}- {\mathrm{K}}_{2}\mathrm{O}/{\mathrm{{Na}}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$ 图解、和$\mathrm{{Th}}- \mathrm{{Co}}- \mathrm{{Zr}}/{10}$,表明全州县溪水源剖面升坪组黑色页岩源区构造背景为被动大陆边缘。
  • 湖南省自然科学基金(2023JJ30239)
  • 湖南省自然科学基金(2023JJ30231)
  • 湖南省教育厅资助科研项目(23B0467)
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403855
  • 接收时间:2024-04-16
  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
  • 出版时间:2025-03-18
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出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-16
  • 修回日期:2025-01-05
基金
湖南省自然科学基金(2023JJ30239)
湖南省自然科学基金(2023JJ30231)
湖南省教育厅资助科研项目(23B0467)
作者信息
    1 湖南科技大学 地球科学与空间信息工程学院 湘潭 411201
    2 湖南科技大学 页岩气资源利用湖南省重点实验室 湘潭 411201

通讯作者:

*余烨(1983—),男,汉族,湖南娄底人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:沉积学及页岩气勘探。E-mail:yuye1983@163.com。
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxjsygc/CN/10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403855
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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