Article(id=1156983792335410039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156983783787421903, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402334, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1711987200000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-02, revisedDate=1731859200000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753776031811, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1739808000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753776031811, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753776031811, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753776031811, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156983783787421903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='5', pageStart='1753', pageEnd='2192', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753776029774, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1769691857141, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1223739602251436918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156983783787421903, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1223739602251436919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156983783787421903, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2168, endPage=2174, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156983794432562047, articleId=1156983792335410039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Influence of Fire Source Location on Smoke Diffusion in Closed Cold Channel of Data Center, columnId=1156262729993277777, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Environmental and Safe Science, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

With its advantages in cooling efficiency and cost, the cold channel closed system is more and more used in the construction of new data centers. However, the closed channel system will turn the originally open channels between data center cabinets into narrow spaces with restricted ventilation. When the main combustibles in the data center catch fire, the accumulated hot smoke and gas in the closed channel cannot be timely discharged, seriously threatening the safety of data center equipment and personnel. At present, there is a paucity of experimental data and theoretical basis for the fire hazard of cables commonly used in data centres. Pyrosim software was used to establish a full-size physical model of the data center room in the cold closed channel, and fire dynamics simulator(FDS) software was used to establish a full-size fire model to simulate different fire source locations, so as to analyze the changes of fire parameters such as smoke spread rate, visibility and temperature distribution. The results show that when a fire occurs under the floor (maximum heat release rate reaches 2 000 kW), the smoke would fill the whole machine room more quickly due to the influence of the special air conditioning airflow and floor than the cabinet fire. The visibility at the safety exit measuring point reached 0 m, 60 s earlier than the fire at the inside of the cabinet. At the same time, affected by the air conditioning airflow and perforated tiles, the temperature at the inside of the cabinet quickly reaches the critical value where the fire hazard is much greater. The results could provide important theoretical support for the fire protection system design of the cold channel of closed data center.

, correspAuthors=Bo-bo SHI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ke JIA, Bo-bo SHI, Hai-fan LONG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156983941442916445, articleId=1156983792335410039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=火源位置影响冷通道封闭数据中心烟气扩散规律, columnId=1156262730140078420, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·环境科学、安全科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=冷通道封闭系统凭借其降温效率与成本方面的优势,越来越多地被应用于新型数据中心建设之中。由于封闭通道通风受限,一旦发生火灾,热烟气难以及时排出,会严重威胁数据中心设备及人员的安全,但目前数据中心常用线缆的火灾危险性缺乏实验数据和理论依据。利用Pyrosim软件构建冷封闭通道数据中心机房全尺寸物理模型,基于火灾动力学模拟器(fire dynamics simulator,FDS)数值模拟软件建立全尺寸火灾模型,模拟分析不同火源位置对烟气蔓延、能见度以及温度等火灾参数变化规律的影响。结果表明:当活动地板下方发生火灾,即最大热释放速率达到2 000 kW时,烟气在机房空调风流与活动地板的影响下会比机柜起火更快充满整个机房,安全出口测点处能见度低于10 m的时间比机柜内侧着火早60 s;同时受空调风流与穿孔瓷砖影响,机柜内侧温度快速达到临界值,火灾危险性更大。研究成果可为冷通道封闭数据中心消防系统设计提供理论支撑。, correspAuthors=史波波, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*史波波(1987—),男,汉族,山西长治人,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。研究方向:公共安全、火灾防治。E-mail:
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贾可(2001—),女,汉族,山西临汾人,硕士研究生。研究方向:公共安全、火灾防治。E-mail:

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贾可(2001—),女,汉族,山西临汾人,硕士研究生。研究方向:公共安全、火灾防治。E-mail:

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贾可(2001—),女,汉族,山西临汾人,硕士研究生。研究方向:公共安全、火灾防治。E-mail:

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Simulation of working conditions

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工况 HRRmax/kW 火源位置 火源中心点位置坐标
S1 2 000 冷封闭通道B下方 (6.5,9.6,0)
S2 2 000 4号机柜内侧 (6.5,9.6,2)
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模拟工况设置表

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工况 HRRmax/kW 火源位置 火源中心点位置坐标
S1 2 000 冷封闭通道B下方 (6.5,9.6,0)
S2 2 000 4号机柜内侧 (6.5,9.6,2)
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火源位置影响冷通道封闭数据中心烟气扩散规律
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贾可 1, 2 , 史波波 1, 2, 3, * , 龙海帆 1, 4
科学技术与工程 | 论文·环境科学、安全科学 2025,25(5): 2168-2174
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·环境科学、安全科学 2025, 25(5): 2168-2174
火源位置影响冷通道封闭数据中心烟气扩散规律
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贾可1, 2 , 史波波1, 2, 3, * , 龙海帆1, 4
作者信息
  • 1 中国矿业大学煤矿瓦斯与火灾防治教育部重点实验室, 徐州 221116
  • 2 中国矿业大学煤矿灾害防控全国重点实验室, 徐州 221116
  • 3 中国安全生产科学研究院, 北京 100012
  • 4 蒙牛高科乳制品(北京)有限责任公司, 北京 101107
  • 贾可(2001—),女,汉族,山西临汾人,硕士研究生。研究方向:公共安全、火灾防治。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*史波波(1987—),男,汉族,山西长治人,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。研究方向:公共安全、火灾防治。E-mail:
Influence of Fire Source Location on Smoke Diffusion in Closed Cold Channel of Data Center
Ke JIA1, 2 , Bo-bo SHI1, 2, 3, * , Hai-fan LONG1, 4
Affiliations
  • 1 Key Laboratory of Gas and Fire Control for Coal Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
  • 2 State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Prevention and Control, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
  • 3 Institute of Mine Safety Technology, Beijing 100012, China
  • 4 Meng NIU HI-TECH Dairy (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 101107, China
出版时间: 2025-02-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402334
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冷通道封闭系统凭借其降温效率与成本方面的优势,越来越多地被应用于新型数据中心建设之中。由于封闭通道通风受限,一旦发生火灾,热烟气难以及时排出,会严重威胁数据中心设备及人员的安全,但目前数据中心常用线缆的火灾危险性缺乏实验数据和理论依据。利用Pyrosim软件构建冷封闭通道数据中心机房全尺寸物理模型,基于火灾动力学模拟器(fire dynamics simulator,FDS)数值模拟软件建立全尺寸火灾模型,模拟分析不同火源位置对烟气蔓延、能见度以及温度等火灾参数变化规律的影响。结果表明:当活动地板下方发生火灾,即最大热释放速率达到2 000 kW时,烟气在机房空调风流与活动地板的影响下会比机柜起火更快充满整个机房,安全出口测点处能见度低于10 m的时间比机柜内侧着火早60 s;同时受空调风流与穿孔瓷砖影响,机柜内侧温度快速达到临界值,火灾危险性更大。研究成果可为冷通道封闭数据中心消防系统设计提供理论支撑。
数据中心  /  冷通道封闭  /  数值模拟  /  烟气蔓延  /  FDS

With its advantages in cooling efficiency and cost, the cold channel closed system is more and more used in the construction of new data centers. However, the closed channel system will turn the originally open channels between data center cabinets into narrow spaces with restricted ventilation. When the main combustibles in the data center catch fire, the accumulated hot smoke and gas in the closed channel cannot be timely discharged, seriously threatening the safety of data center equipment and personnel. At present, there is a paucity of experimental data and theoretical basis for the fire hazard of cables commonly used in data centres. Pyrosim software was used to establish a full-size physical model of the data center room in the cold closed channel, and fire dynamics simulator(FDS) software was used to establish a full-size fire model to simulate different fire source locations, so as to analyze the changes of fire parameters such as smoke spread rate, visibility and temperature distribution. The results show that when a fire occurs under the floor (maximum heat release rate reaches 2 000 kW), the smoke would fill the whole machine room more quickly due to the influence of the special air conditioning airflow and floor than the cabinet fire. The visibility at the safety exit measuring point reached 0 m, 60 s earlier than the fire at the inside of the cabinet. At the same time, affected by the air conditioning airflow and perforated tiles, the temperature at the inside of the cabinet quickly reaches the critical value where the fire hazard is much greater. The results could provide important theoretical support for the fire protection system design of the cold channel of closed data center.

data center  /  closed cold channel  /  numerical simulation  /  smoke spreading  /  FDS
贾可, 史波波, 龙海帆. 火源位置影响冷通道封闭数据中心烟气扩散规律. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (5) : 2168 -2174 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402334
Ke JIA, Bo-bo SHI, Hai-fan LONG. Influence of Fire Source Location on Smoke Diffusion in Closed Cold Channel of Data Center[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (5) : 2168 -2174 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402334
随着第五代移动通信技术(5th generation mobile communication technology,5G)和云计算等新一代数字技术的快速发展,数据中心已经逐渐成为中国政府机构和企业在数字经济时代的核心基础设施。冷通道封闭系统是一项用于降低机房中运行设备温度的技术,它能将机柜、设备隔离在机房热空气外,并将冷空气限制在机柜中,有效避免冷热空气混合,从而改善冷空气利用率、提高机房制冷效率和制冷效果。凭借在提高机房空调系统降温效率与降低数据中心运营成本方面的优势,冷通道封闭系统被越来越多地应用于新型数据中心建设之中。但由于数据中心机柜间的通道被密封设计成一个狭窄且通风受限的区域,同时数据中心电力及通信电缆布线方式复杂,这使得数据中心发生火灾时,不仅火源位置难以确定,而且火灾所产生的烟气在有限空间内蔓延积蓄,进而可能导致数据中心出现温度上升和可见度降低等多重隐患,对数据中心的正常运行以及人员安全造成不利影响。目前,已有学者对数据中心的研究主要集中在如下方面。一是对数据中心系统的节能降温,王瑜等[1]对比分析了不同冷源应用于数据中心的优缺点以及喷雾冷却系统的优化,提出了系统联动反馈调节装置;王江江等[2]通过分析数据中心耗能单元的负荷,优化了数据中心设备容量以及调度策略,设计了一种集成余热利用设备的综合能源系统。二是对数据中心火灾的监控测防护,刘建翔等[3]针对数据中心现有灭火系统存在的问题,利用主动空气采样感烟探测技术和光学仿真软件,发明了一种应用于模块化数据中心的感烟灭火装置;朱明秋等[4]分析了数据中心火灾特点,并以某数据中心工程为例,总结了灭火系统设计要点;黄旭光等[5]分析了当前数据中心自动气体灭火系统防护区的规范及案例,对不同类型的火灾自动灭火系统启动方式的适用性进行了比较。三是对传统机房的火灾模拟,南天辰等[6]结合工程实例,对热通道封闭数据机房火灾事故进行模拟,对比分析了不同补风口布局等排烟设计参数对排烟效果的影响,提出了一种应用于热通道封闭数据中心的防排烟方案;Meng 等[7]对计算机数据中心进行了火灾模拟,分析了液氮在火灾初始加热阶段的冷却过程以及对常见可燃物的灭火效果,揭示了在数据中心运用液氮灭火系统的可行性与优越性。
现有研究鲜有冷封闭通道系统内火源位置对机房火灾相关参数影响的研究,此外,以往火灾仿真模拟中燃烧反应设置、网格划分较为粗略,未考虑火灾发生时活动地板、穿孔瓷砖以及空调等因素对火灾烟气蔓延规律的影响,难以反映真实的火灾场景。为此,现基于火灾动力学模拟器(fire dynamics simulator,FDS)数值模拟软件,对冷通道封闭数据中心电缆火灾场景进行精细化建模,研究其在不同火源位置下火场温度、能见度与烟气蔓延规律,为后续冷通道封闭数据中心防灭火设计提供重要理论依据。
根据冷封闭通道数据中心实物以及《数据中心设计规范》(GB 50174—2017)[8],利用Pyrosim软件建立徐州某移动公司冷封闭通道数据中心机房物理模型。如图1所示,模型面积为18 m×18 m,高度为4.8 m(活动地板高0.5 m),机房内均匀分布3组机柜,单侧布置5台空调,空调通风量为3 m3/s,使用Vent固定风量模拟空调送风。机房空调系统采用下送上回的气流组织形式,活动地板作为下送风口,穿孔瓷砖孔隙率为25%。天窗、端门及空调由烟雾探测器联动控制,当烟雾探测器探测到烟雾遮光率达到0.01%obs/m时[%obs/m为遮蔽度或减光率,是指在经过单位长度后,光被烟雾颗粒遮蔽程度的百分比,obs/m(obscuration per meter)即每米遮蔽度],封闭通道天窗与端门延时开启,空调延时关闭,延迟时间分别设为5 s和10 s。
仿真模型中设置有热电偶(THCP)、烟雾探测器(SD)和能见度探测器(GAS)。在3组冷封闭通道内设置等间距2 m的热电偶THCP11~THCP16、THCP21~THCP26、THCP31~THCP36,共18个;封闭通道两侧各布置一个烟雾探测器SD11~SD12、SD21~SD22、SD31~SD32,共6个,两处安全出口布置测点GAS1、THCP1、GAS2、THCP2,各探测器在机房内的位置分布如图2所示。
数据中心机房在防静电地板下铺设的大量电力及通信电缆是数据中心电气火灾的主要隐患[6]。考虑到数据中心通信及电力电缆的护套和绝缘材料通常由塑料制成,因此选取聚氯乙烯(polyvinyl chloride,PVC)作为燃烧反应物。
选用复杂化合物燃烧反应,自行定义可燃物(PVC)分子式及燃烧反应等。根据FDS用户指南中给出的建议[9],若火灾中的主要燃料是PVC,可忽略其聚合物的详细结构,建模时简化为C2H3Cl,其燃烧反应方程式为
C2H3Cl+1.53O2+1.53(3.76)N2→HCl+H2O+0.14CO+0.96CO2+0.90C+1.53(3.76)N2
火灾的热释放速率(heat release rate,HRR)一般可以通过实际火灾试验、类似火灾试验、计算火灾蔓延和适当假设特征火灾曲线4种方法确定[10],采用类似火灾试验方法选定。 Zeng等[11]在平行面板火灾测试中测得的数据中心通信电缆热释放速率接近2 000 kW,考虑到在进行火灾数值模拟研究时遵循最不利原则,将模拟最大HRR定为2 000 kW。可燃物主要由塑料组成,因此将火灾类型设置为快速火,火灾增长系数α=0.046 89 kW/s2
Q=α t2
式(2)中:Q为火灾热释速率,kW;α为火灾增长系数,kW/s2;t为火灾发生后的时间,s。将Qα的值代入式(2),可得火灾206 s左右达到最大热释放速率。数值模拟时间为400 s,环境初始温度为23.7 ℃,相对湿度为14.6%。
为研究冷封闭通道系统中活动地板、空调、天窗及端门等构筑物对火灾烟气蔓延规律的影响,结合现场线缆布设集中在通道B下方及两侧机柜,本文选择火灾危险性最大[12]的冷封闭通道B下方和4号机柜两种火源位置,火源热释放速率保持一致,具体工况设置如表1所示。
FDS模拟火灾时,火源特征直径D*用于确定网格尺寸,网格大小应在0.25D*~0.062 5D*范围内,火源特征直径计算公式[13]
D*=${\left(\frac{\dot{Q}}{{\rho }_{\infty }{C}_{p}{T}_{\infty }\sqrt[ ]{g}}\right)}^{\frac{2}{5}}$
式(3)中:$\dot{Q}$为火灾热释放速率,kW;ρ为空气密度,kg/m3,取1.204 kg/m3;Cp为空气比热容,kJ/(kg·K),取1.005 kJ/(kg·K);T为环境温度,K,取297 K;g为重力加速度,m/s2,取9.81 m/s2。根据火源热释放速率2 000 kW,算得火源特征直径为1.26 m。
由于过度细化网格并不会提高模拟精度[14],因此在模拟之前对网格划分独立性进行测试,在保证模拟结果准确性的基础上节约运算时间。通过比较不同网格尺寸下相同测点温度变化情况验证网格独立性,3种网格尺寸温度随时间变化曲线如图3所示。
由于方案C的划分较为粗糙,模型部分区域难以贴合网格,运算时模型会有一定变形,模拟结果与方案A、B差异较大,而方案A、B的温度曲线吻合度高,即B方案可以实现网格独立。FDS要求网格划分应为2α×3β×5γ的形式,式中αβγ为整数[15]。将核心着火区域X=(3.6,18.0),Y=(7.0,11.0),Z=(0.0,4.8)的网格尺寸设定为方案A,其余的网格尺寸均按方案B设置,使用7组网格并行运算,网格总数436 320个。
图4为工况S1不同时刻机房烟气蔓延分布情况。火灾发生后,烟气受空调风流作用在活动地板下方由着火点向右顺风流扩散的同时,部分烟气透过穿孔瓷砖蔓延至封闭通道内部。在27 s时,烟雾探测器探测到烟气并移除封闭通道端门及天窗后,空调还未停止,烟气仍受风流影响向右扩散。当空调完全停止后,高温烟气从起火点竖直向上扩散,上升至天花板后发生顶棚射流,沿顶棚向四周水平扩散,由于机房顶部无横梁的阻碍,烟气沿天花板快速向四周运动。74 s时机房四周墙体对水平扩散的烟气产生阻挡和冷却效果,烟气逐渐沿墙体向下流动并不断聚集,烟气层厚度增大从而不断向下弥漫,最终充满整个数据中心机房。
工况S2时烟气蔓延规律如图5所示,在封闭通道构筑物开启之前,火灾生成的烟气在浮力的作用下从着火点向上运动,蔓延至天窗后在封闭通道内部扩散。天窗及端门开启后,封闭通道内部积聚的烟气整体向上传播,触碰到天花板后发生顶棚射流现象,向四周扩散,形成烟气层并随时间增厚。
分析两种工况下烟气蔓延至运维人员逃生的眼部高度,即距活动地板1.8 m[16]所需时间。如图6所示,工况S1时,火灾烟气发生顶棚射流,烟气向四周水平扩散的同时通过穿孔瓷砖扩散至活动地板上方,在空调风流向右的作用下,烟气更快充满整个机房。而工况S2中机柜内侧起火时,烟气只受到空调风流的向上推升作用,封闭通道端门及天窗在火灾初期不会立即开启,一定程度上阻止了烟气向外扩散,烟气蔓延速度相对较慢。工况S2时烟气层在133 s蔓延至1.8 m,而工况S1的烟气在110 s时已充满3个封闭通道,且机房其他空间的烟气层蔓延至1.8 m以下。综上,活动地板下方起火后,烟气蔓延至1.8 m以下的时间比机柜内侧起火早23 s,且此时烟气已充满3个封闭通道,烟气蔓延规律更复杂,危险程度更高。
《美国消防工程师学会消防工程手册》[17]指出人员疏散最小能见度的选取可针对不同大小的空间单独确定,以10 m为影响人员逃生的临界能见度。在模型中Y=4.2 m、Y=9.0 m及Y=13.8 m平面设置能见度切片(如图7所示)。机房上部空间能见度随时间变化逐渐降到1 m以内。工况S1在150 s时房间大部分空间的能见度低于5 m,整个房间被烟气笼罩;工况S2中房间下部空间能见度大于10 m,人员可采取弯腰或者匍匐前进的方式快速逃生。
图9为两种工况下安全出口距地面2.3 m处(活动地板上方1.8 m)的能见度随时间变化曲线。结合图8(a)可以看出,工况S1时,火灾初期烟气受空调风流影响向右运动并有部分烟气透过穿孔瓷砖蔓延至封闭通道内,在端门与天窗开启后,通道内烟气持续向右运动并蔓延至安全出口,使安全出口处能见度急速下降。活动地板下方起火时两个安全出口测点处能见度维持在10 m以上的时间更短,相较机柜内侧着火的工况减少了60 s,这与烟气蔓延规律高度吻合。
数据中心机房内精密电子设备对温度变化非常敏感,机房火灾生成的高温环境会造成服务器损坏。美国采暖,制冷与空调工程师学会于2015年发布的第四版《数据处理环境热指南》[18]中建议数据中心温度不要超过32 ℃,因此设置临界温度Tc=32 ℃。不同工况下各个封闭通道内测点温度随时间变化曲线如图9所示。对比工况S1和工况S2可以发现,火源位置处于工况S1时,B封闭通道后半部和A、C封闭通道的测点温度起初并无明显变化,120 s后温度开始缓慢上升,280 s后温度趋于稳定,在400 s时温度达到60 ℃左右。靠近火源的B封闭通道前半部THCP21、THCP22处测点温度上升较快,火源上方测点温度最高可达220 ℃,在172 s后各测点温度均超过临界温度。工况S2情况下,除了距离火源位置最近的THCP22处的测点温度上升迅速,在达到最大热释放速率后温度在150 ℃上下波动,其余区域测点处温度上升相较于工况1更为缓慢,在220 s后各测点温度均超过临界温度,比工况S1多48 s,提供了更长的救援时间。
数据中心作为存储、处理和分发数据的核心枢纽,其电气火灾危险性是目前的主要研究方向。本文利用Pyrosim软件建立冷封闭通道数据中心机房全尺寸物理模型,基于FDS大涡模拟方法研究了不同火源位置下冷封闭通道数据中心火灾烟气蔓延规律,通过对烟气蔓延、能见度以及温度等火灾参数变化规律的分析,得到如下主要结论:
(1)由于活动地板及空调风流影响,活动地板下方起火时烟气充满人眼(1.8 m)及眼部以上空间的时间比机柜内侧起火早23 s,且在110 s时烟气充满3处封闭通道,能见度低于10 m,烟气蔓延规律更复杂,危险程度更高。
(2)活动地板下方起火时,烟气更早蔓延至安全出口处,烟气浓度较高,两处安全出口能见度低于10 m的时间比机柜内侧着火早60 s以上,具有更高的火灾危险性,因此需要重点加强监测与预防控制。
(3)活动地板下方起火时,活动地板下方起火时封闭通道内部温度达到32 ℃的时间比火源位于机柜内侧时早48 s,使数据机柜面临高温损坏的风险,因此,为保护数据中心设备正常运行,进行火灾防护设计时应重点防范活动地板下方火灾。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52474262)
  • 国家自然科学基金(52234006)
  • 江苏省自然科学基金(BK20211585)
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2025年第25卷第5期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402334
  • 接收时间:2024-04-02
  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
  • 出版时间:2025-02-18
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-02
  • 修回日期:2024-11-18
基金
国家自然科学基金(52474262)
国家自然科学基金(52234006)
江苏省自然科学基金(BK20211585)
作者信息
    1 中国矿业大学煤矿瓦斯与火灾防治教育部重点实验室, 徐州 221116
    2 中国矿业大学煤矿灾害防控全国重点实验室, 徐州 221116
    3 中国安全生产科学研究院, 北京 100012
    4 蒙牛高科乳制品(北京)有限责任公司, 北京 101107

通讯作者:

*史波波(1987—),男,汉族,山西长治人,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。研究方向:公共安全、火灾防治。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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