Article(id=1156983791525909364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156983783787421903, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309340, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1701014400000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-27, revisedDate=1731600000000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753776031618, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1739808000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753776031618, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753776031618, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753776031618, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156983783787421903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='5', pageStart='1753', pageEnd='2192', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753776029774, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1769691857141, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1223739602251436918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156983783787421903, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1223739602251436919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156983783787421903, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1803, endPage=1814, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156983793585312636, articleId=1156983791525909364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Characteristics of Reservoir Sand Bodies and Sedimentary Facies in the First Member of Permian Wutonggou Formation in Dixi Area of Junggar Basin: Inspiration from Seismic Forward Modeling, columnId=1156262729351549255, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Astronomy and Geosciences, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The Permian Wutonggou Formation in Dixi area of Junggar Basin has huge potential for oil and gas exploration. Based on the latest seismic data, combined with thin section data, drilling and logging data, rock physical properties and physical parameters, using seismic forward modeling, wave impedance attributes and waveform clustering attributes, the basic characteristics of the reservoir were characterized, the seismic waveform identification method of the upper and lower sand groups in the first member of Wutonggou Formation was clarified, the thickness distribution law of the upper and lower sand groups was described, and the sedimentary facies development characteristics of the upper and lower sand groups were clarified. The results display that the sandstone of Wutonggou Formation is mainly lithic sandstone and feldspar lithic sandstone, which belongs to low porosity and low permeability reservoir. The seismic waveform characteristics of sand bodies are significantly affected by seismic resolution, sand body thickness, mudstone interlayer thickness, sand body superposition relationship and underlying lithology. The sand body distribution regular pattern based on the interpretation of the sand body waveform characteristics of the forward model is highly consistent with the average wave impedance attribute distribution regular pattern. The study area develops delta front underwater distributary channel microfacies, estuary dam microfacies, underwater tributary bay microfacies and sheet sand microfacies. There are great differences in the development characteristics of sedimentary facies between the upper and lower sand groups.

, correspAuthors=Yu-feng HOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=En-bo QIU, Yan-xue DING, Xin-pu SHI, Lu-jun HE, Yu-feng HOU, Ze-min LIU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156983967791534869, articleId=1156983791525909364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=准噶尔盆地滴西地区二叠系梧桐沟组一段储层砂体及沉积相特征:基于地震正演模拟的启示, columnId=1156262730077163858, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·天文学、地球科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=准噶尔盆地滴西地区二叠系梧桐沟组油气勘探潜力巨大。基于最新地震资料,综合薄片资料、钻测井资料和岩石物性、物理参数,利用地震正演模拟、波阻抗属性和波形聚类属性,表征了储层基本特征,厘清了梧桐沟组一段上、下砂组地震波形识别方法,刻画了上、下砂组砂体厚度分布规律,明确了上、下砂组沉积相发育特征。结果显示:梧桐沟组砂岩以岩屑砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩为主,属低孔低渗储层。砂体地震波形特征受地震分辨率、砂体厚度、泥岩夹层厚度、砂体叠置关系和下伏岩性影响显著。基于正演模型砂体波形特征解释的砂体展布规律与平均波阻抗属性分布规律吻合度高。研究区发育三角洲前缘水下分流河道微相、河口坝微相、水下支流间湾微相和席状砂微相,上、下砂组沉积相发育特征存在较大差异。, correspAuthors=侯玉峰, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*侯玉峰(1991—),男,汉族,新疆克拉玛依人,工程师。研究方向:油气田勘探开发。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=V3iPBLZR1OjI42pccOqrBA==, magXml=7TcrYTHvKTvZiRJcKSqKlQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=fL2UD74UdgHs6/BkWPfdzg==, pdfFileSize=41613759, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=EBbX++QpUad6YTvTgW7jPA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=AFDv1/J2ERORlcjiFoIvpQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

邱恩波(1981—),男,汉族,新疆克拉玛依人,高级工程师。研究方向:油气藏开发及评价。E-mail:

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邱恩波(1981—),男,汉族,新疆克拉玛依人,高级工程师。研究方向:油气藏开发及评价。E-mail:

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Science Technology and Engineering, 2022, 22(17): 6847-6856., articleTitle=Depiction and application of delta reservoir based on seismic waveform classification: a case study of J gas field in Xihu Sag, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1225467194499314062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983791525909364, awardId=2017E-0410, language=CN, fundingSource=中国石油天然气集团公司新疆重大科技专项(2017E-0410), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1225467183518626638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983791525909364, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225467183527015245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983791525909364, companyId=1225467183518626638, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Exploitation Enterprise Part of Xinjiang Oilfield Company, CNPC, Karamay 834000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225467183539598158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983791525909364, companyId=1225467183518626638, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国石油新疆油田分公司开发事业部, 克拉玛依 834000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1225467183636067156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983791525909364, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225467183644455765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983791525909364, companyId=1225467183636067156, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 First Gas Production Plant of Xinjiang Oilfield Company, CNPC, Karamay 834000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225467183648650070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983791525909364, companyId=1225467183636067156, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 中国石油新疆油田分公司采气一厂, 克拉玛依 834000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1225467189722001632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983791525909364, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=The structural position and comprehensive histogram of the study area, figureFileSmall=wBIYjMsOkW6iCPHpqQrxrQ==, figureFileBig=FjsAzGW5ojQA4VFwghz50w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467189814276326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983791525909364, language=CN, label=图1, caption=研究区构造位置及综合柱状图, figureFileSmall=wBIYjMsOkW6iCPHpqQrxrQ==, figureFileBig=FjsAzGW5ojQA4VFwghz50w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467189931716849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983791525909364, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Sandstone types of the first member of Wutonggou Formation in Dixi area, figureFileSmall=WwVtL33S3rjCxpnaD/nzZA==, figureFileBig=dmRuZjsVnt3l6PkL2ybhpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467190044963064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983791525909364, language=CN, label=图2, caption=滴西地区梧桐沟组一段砂岩类型

Ⅰ为石英砂岩;Ⅱ为长石石英砂岩;Ⅲ为岩屑石英砂岩;Ⅳ为长石砂岩;Ⅴ为岩屑长石砂岩;Ⅵ为长石岩屑砂岩;Ⅶ为岩屑砂岩

, figureFileSmall=WwVtL33S3rjCxpnaD/nzZA==, figureFileBig=dmRuZjsVnt3l6PkL2ybhpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467191445860608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983791525909364, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Reservoir space characteristics of the first member of Wutonggou Formation in Dixi area, figureFileSmall=ZNqlyg2PIuYX9rpctnHMQQ==, figureFileBig=ep523JB5W5mWiTHpLvI7mQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467191655575816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983791525909364, language=CN, label=图3, caption=滴西地区梧桐沟组一段储集空间特征, figureFileSmall=ZNqlyg2PIuYX9rpctnHMQQ==, figureFileBig=ep523JB5W5mWiTHpLvI7mQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467191764627728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983791525909364, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Rock physical characteristics of sand and mudstone of the first member of Wutonggou Formation in Dixi area, figureFileSmall=yA6dHUE5JJXD4xtuSUbN1Q==, figureFileBig=cQVrv4A6PySDPZIg012Pbg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467191898845465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983791525909364, language=CN, label=图4, caption=滴西地区梧桐沟组一段砂、泥岩岩石物理特征, figureFileSmall=yA6dHUE5JJXD4xtuSUbN1Q==, figureFileBig=cQVrv4A6PySDPZIg012Pbg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467192024674591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983791525909364, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=The forward model of the influence of seismic dominant frequency and thickness of sand and mudstone on seismic identification of sand body, figureFileSmall=Or52RH3AnJtTS1VBVv3M3A==, figureFileBig=9KfxSsFXF+KhoROMbYMSuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467192116949284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983791525909364, language=CN, label=图5, caption=地震主频及砂、泥岩层厚对砂体地震识别影响的正演模型

h为高度;v为层速度;ρ为密度

, figureFileSmall=Or52RH3AnJtTS1VBVv3M3A==, figureFileBig=9KfxSsFXF+KhoROMbYMSuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467192339247410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983791525909364, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Forward modeling model of seismic waveform characteristics of sand bodies under different sand body stacking modes, figureFileSmall=8Yxo9FpepwENeOoXV3ddKw==, figureFileBig=HPHxjNJ++tNBBZy8ShJaTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467192481853751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983791525909364, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同砂体叠置方式下的砂体地震波形特征正演模型, figureFileSmall=8Yxo9FpepwENeOoXV3ddKw==, figureFileBig=HPHxjNJ++tNBBZy8ShJaTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467192624460094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983791525909364, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Forward model of seismic waveform characteristics of sand body when 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准噶尔盆地滴西地区二叠系梧桐沟组一段储层砂体及沉积相特征:基于地震正演模拟的启示
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邱恩波 1 , 丁艳雪 2 , 石新朴 2 , 贺陆军 2 , 侯玉峰 2, * , 刘泽民 2
科学技术与工程 | 论文·天文学、地球科学 2025,25(5): 1803-1814
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·天文学、地球科学 2025, 25(5): 1803-1814
准噶尔盆地滴西地区二叠系梧桐沟组一段储层砂体及沉积相特征:基于地震正演模拟的启示
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邱恩波1 , 丁艳雪2, 石新朴2, 贺陆军2, 侯玉峰2, * , 刘泽民2
作者信息
  • 1 中国石油新疆油田分公司开发事业部, 克拉玛依 834000
  • 2 中国石油新疆油田分公司采气一厂, 克拉玛依 834000
  • 邱恩波(1981—),男,汉族,新疆克拉玛依人,高级工程师。研究方向:油气藏开发及评价。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*侯玉峰(1991—),男,汉族,新疆克拉玛依人,工程师。研究方向:油气田勘探开发。E-mail:
Characteristics of Reservoir Sand Bodies and Sedimentary Facies in the First Member of Permian Wutonggou Formation in Dixi Area of Junggar Basin: Inspiration from Seismic Forward Modeling
En-bo QIU1 , Yan-xue DING2, Xin-pu SHI2, Lu-jun HE2, Yu-feng HOU2, * , Ze-min LIU2
Affiliations
  • 1 Exploitation Enterprise Part of Xinjiang Oilfield Company, CNPC, Karamay 834000, China
  • 2 First Gas Production Plant of Xinjiang Oilfield Company, CNPC, Karamay 834000, China
出版时间: 2025-02-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309340
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准噶尔盆地滴西地区二叠系梧桐沟组油气勘探潜力巨大。基于最新地震资料,综合薄片资料、钻测井资料和岩石物性、物理参数,利用地震正演模拟、波阻抗属性和波形聚类属性,表征了储层基本特征,厘清了梧桐沟组一段上、下砂组地震波形识别方法,刻画了上、下砂组砂体厚度分布规律,明确了上、下砂组沉积相发育特征。结果显示:梧桐沟组砂岩以岩屑砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩为主,属低孔低渗储层。砂体地震波形特征受地震分辨率、砂体厚度、泥岩夹层厚度、砂体叠置关系和下伏岩性影响显著。基于正演模型砂体波形特征解释的砂体展布规律与平均波阻抗属性分布规律吻合度高。研究区发育三角洲前缘水下分流河道微相、河口坝微相、水下支流间湾微相和席状砂微相,上、下砂组沉积相发育特征存在较大差异。
准噶尔盆地  /  滴西地区  /  梧桐沟组  /  地震正演  /  波形聚类  /  沉积相特征

The Permian Wutonggou Formation in Dixi area of Junggar Basin has huge potential for oil and gas exploration. Based on the latest seismic data, combined with thin section data, drilling and logging data, rock physical properties and physical parameters, using seismic forward modeling, wave impedance attributes and waveform clustering attributes, the basic characteristics of the reservoir were characterized, the seismic waveform identification method of the upper and lower sand groups in the first member of Wutonggou Formation was clarified, the thickness distribution law of the upper and lower sand groups was described, and the sedimentary facies development characteristics of the upper and lower sand groups were clarified. The results display that the sandstone of Wutonggou Formation is mainly lithic sandstone and feldspar lithic sandstone, which belongs to low porosity and low permeability reservoir. The seismic waveform characteristics of sand bodies are significantly affected by seismic resolution, sand body thickness, mudstone interlayer thickness, sand body superposition relationship and underlying lithology. The sand body distribution regular pattern based on the interpretation of the sand body waveform characteristics of the forward model is highly consistent with the average wave impedance attribute distribution regular pattern. The study area develops delta front underwater distributary channel microfacies, estuary dam microfacies, underwater tributary bay microfacies and sheet sand microfacies. There are great differences in the development characteristics of sedimentary facies between the upper and lower sand groups.

Junggar Basin  /  Dixi area  /  Wutonggou Formation  /  seismic forward  /  waveform classification  /  sedimentary facies
邱恩波, 丁艳雪, 石新朴, 贺陆军, 侯玉峰, 刘泽民. 准噶尔盆地滴西地区二叠系梧桐沟组一段储层砂体及沉积相特征:基于地震正演模拟的启示. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (5) : 1803 -1814 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309340
En-bo QIU, Yan-xue DING, Xin-pu SHI, Lu-jun HE, Yu-feng HOU, Ze-min LIU. Characteristics of Reservoir Sand Bodies and Sedimentary Facies in the First Member of Permian Wutonggou Formation in Dixi Area of Junggar Basin: Inspiration from Seismic Forward Modeling[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (5) : 1803 -1814 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309340
准噶尔盆地滴南凸起先后在石炭系、二叠系、三叠系、侏罗系和白垩系均获油气显示,具有多层系立体勘探的潜力[1],其中对石炭系火山岩储层描述、火山岩油气成藏及油气成因等方面已做了系统的研究[2-6]。随着多层系油气勘探进程的稳步推进以及玛湖凹陷二叠系上乌尔禾组盆地级的油气勘探突破,显示了盆地二叠系具有巨大的油气勘探潜力[1,7-8]
滴西地区位于滴南凸起的西部,已在其二叠系梧桐沟组相继发现多个天然气藏,成为继研究区内石炭系火山岩油气后的又一油气勘探开发的主力层位[1,9-12]。前人基于地震资料和岩心分析测试资料针对滴西地区梧桐沟组的沉积特征[9-10]、储层砂体预测[10-11]和成藏地质条件[12]等方面进行了研究工作,对滴西地区梧桐沟组有了较为系统的认识。随着梧桐沟组油气勘探开发工作的逐步推进,最新的三维地震资料解释认识以及储量升级等勘探生产要求,亟须对研究区目的层进行深入研究。
地震波的振幅、频率等基本特征与地层岩性、物性等具有密切关系[13-15],而地震正演模拟技术对于认识岩体、构造等地质体的地震波形特征效果显著[16-20],能够提高地震解释精度和速度[19]。针对薄层砂体地震波形特征不明、砂体反射难以识别、地震解释难度大的问题[15],地震正演模拟具有重要意义。
现以准噶尔盆地滴西地区二叠系梧桐沟组一段砂体为研究对象,在岩石矿物学、地球物理学和沉积学的基础上,利用岩石组分分析、镜下薄片资料表征储层基本特征;依据砂、泥岩岩石物理性质,构建多因素地震正演模拟模型,指导砂体的三维地震资料解释,结合平面平均波阻抗属性,刻画砂体厚度及展布特征;同时,基于砂体展布规律,分析不同岩相组合地震波形特征,利用地震波形聚类属性和连井沉积相剖面,恢复研究区梧桐沟组一段沉积相平面发育特征。研究结果旨在为该区油气勘探提供一定的指导意义。
准噶尔盆地作为典型的板内复合盆地,先后经历了海西期洋盆开启-消减阶段以及伸展阶段、印支期前陆盆地阶段、燕山期伸展-压扭阶段以及喜山期克拉通内拗陷阶段和前陆盆地阶段等多个构造演化过程,多期构造运动叠加造就了现今盆地隆凹相间的构造格局[21]
滴南凸起位于盆地东北部,整体为东西向展布的条带状,南北两侧分别倾没于东道海子凹陷和滴水泉凹陷。滴西地区处于滴南凸起的西北部边缘,紧邻滴水泉凹陷[图1(a)],烃源条件良好[22]。研究区二叠系仅发育梧桐沟组,梧桐沟组分为梧一段(P3wt1)和梧二段(P3wt2),梧二段为区域性盖层,梧一段为研究区主要储集层,分为上、下砂组两个储集单元[(图1(b)],属扇三角洲前缘亚相沉积体系[(图1(c)]。
根据研究区钻测井资料显示,研究区二叠系梧桐沟组一段上、下砂体主要分为3种发育类型,即上砂体厚下砂体薄、上砂体薄下砂体厚及上、下砂体均发育[(图1(b)]。上、下砂体之间以厚层的泥岩为分隔层,下砂体与下伏石炭系之间以厚层的泥岩和凝灰岩为分隔层。
研究区储层岩石以岩屑砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩为主。岩屑成分以凝灰岩、霏细岩岩屑为主,约占70%,其次为长石,占20%左右,石英含量较低,占2%~ 5%(图2)。粒间填隙物主要为绿泥石、方浊沸石,占5%左右,胶结致密。
滴西地区二叠系梧桐沟组沉积岩储层岩石颗粒间以压嵌式接触为主,孔隙不发育且连通差。孔隙类型主要为溶蚀孔及剩余粒间孔(图3),其中粒内溶孔占总孔隙体积的51.09%,剩余粒间孔38.17%,粒模孔16.96%,晶间孔0.74%,晶间溶孔3.04%。储层孔隙度3.00%~15.80%,平均10.50%,渗透率0.01~92.00 mD,平均0.45 mD,整体上属于低孔低渗储层。
波阻抗是地震正、反演技术中区分砂、泥岩的重要岩石物理参数。对比分析显示,研究区砂岩波阻抗大于9 500 g/cm3·(m/s),泥岩波阻抗普遍小于10 000 g/cm3·(m/s)[图4(a)]。同时,砂岩和围岩的速度和密度也存在明显差异,具体表现为砂岩储层具有较高的层速度3 900 ~ 4 400 m/s,泥岩层速度为3 400 ~ 3 900 m/s[图4(b)];砂岩密度为2.35~2.55 g/cm3,泥岩密度为2.45 ~ 2.60 g/cm3[图4(c)]。
受地震资料分辨率及砂体地质因素等多因素影响,目前研究区尚未形成具有普适性的砂体识别标准,使得通过地震波形识别和解释砂体存在一定的困难。为了提高砂体地震波形识别的准确性,建立有效的砂体地震解释方案,利用构建地震正演模拟实验的方法,模拟了不同因素下的砂体地震波形特征,为砂体的地震识别和解释提供依据。
地震分辨率限制了薄层砂体与薄层泥岩夹层的识别和有效区分。以滴西178井为例设置模型,其中砂岩岩石参数为层速度4 000 m/s,密度为2.4 g/cm3,泥岩层速度3 600 m/s,密度2.5 g/cm3,泥岩夹层厚度为10 m,上、下砂体分别为10 m和15 m[图5(a)]。正演模型显示,当地震主频为25 Hz时,上、下砂体表现为单一的宽波峰样式,无法识别出泥岩夹层,对砂层无法进行分层[图5(b)];当地震主频为30 Hz时,上、下砂体为双波峰复波样式,上、下波峰较为明显,能够较为明显地划分上、下砂体[图5(c)];当地震主频为35 Hz时,上、下砂体为相互独立的强振幅、强连续的波峰形态,泥岩夹层的波形形态完整,地震-地质对应良好[图5(d)]。正演模型表示,主频30 Hz及以上才能对10 m级的砂体进行有效识别。相较于20 Hz原地震资料[图5(f)],研究区最新采集的地震资料主频为34 Hz,频宽6~70 Hz,能够满足10 m级的砂体解释工作[图5(e)]。
上述模型显示,泥岩夹层厚度为10 m时,主频30 Hz及以上才能对上下砂组进行有效区分。同时,当地震分辨率不变时,泥岩夹层、砂体厚度越大,则上、下砂体越容易进行有效区分(图5)。
滴西地区二叠系梧桐沟组一段砂体叠置关系以侧向分隔式和垂向分隔式为主,不同的砂体叠置关系在地震剖面上的波形特征存在较明显的差异。
以砂体侧向分隔叠接式构建正演模型,模型砂体为底凸顶平的河道砂体,岩石参数为层速度4 200 m/s,密度2.45 g/cm3;模型顶底为泥岩,岩石参数为层速度3 700 m/s,密度2.55 g/cm3;砂体周缘为砂泥岩过渡岩类,即河道充填泥岩,岩石参数层速度3 900 m/s,密度2.52 g/cm3[图6(a)]。正演结果显示,河道单砂体地震波形具有砂体中心强振幅、向两端受泥质含量增加的影响,振幅逐渐减弱的特点;砂体叠置区表现为由下至上振幅逐渐减弱的特征,左侧砂体地震波形完整,中间砂体叠置区振幅减弱,右侧砂体振幅大幅度减弱[图6(c)]。
以砂体垂向分隔和侧向分隔样式构建正演模型,模型砂体为顶平底凸的河道砂体和顶凸底平的河口坝砂体,岩石参数与上述模型相同[图6(b)]。正演结果显示,侧向分隔样式单砂体地震波形明显,表现为振幅由中心向两端逐渐减弱的特点;砂体之间随着距离接近,出现宽波峰或双波峰复波样式;与上部泥岩距离近的砂体,地震波形不明显,表现为与上部边界出现强振幅区域和宽振幅或双波峰复波样式[图6(d)]。在实际的地震剖面上,类似砂体构型与上述正演模拟波形特征相似,复波峰(或夹弱波谷)为砂体叠置区;上下波谷的宽度异常区为砂体尖灭区[图6(e)]。
研究区二叠系梧桐沟组下伏地层为石炭系火山岩,其中以凝灰岩等低速岩类分布最广。为识别低速岩类发育下的薄层砂体地震波形特征,构建顶部为泥岩、下伏低速岩类和中部薄层砂体的正演模型(图7)。岩石参数砂、泥岩等与上述模型相同,低速岩类层速度为3 550 m/s,密度为2.40 g/cm3[图7(a)]。正演结果显示,下伏凝灰岩等低速岩体发育且上覆发育薄层砂体时,地震波形表现为低频、中等连续性、强振幅及宽波峰的特点;不发育砂体时,地震波形表现为低频、较高连续性、稳定强振幅及单波峰的特点[图7(b)]。滴西1428井下伏地层为约30 m的泥岩和20 m的凝灰岩,砂体不发育。在实际地震剖面上,地震波形具有明显的低频、高连续、强振幅以及单波峰特点[图7(c)],与正演模拟结果一致[图7(b)]。
基于正演模拟实验及实际剖面的对比结果,明确了梧桐沟组一段上砂组和下砂组的地震识别方法和解释方案,绘制了上砂组和下砂组的砂岩厚度分布图,同时利用上、下砂组平均波阻抗属性平面图,验证砂体地震解释的准确性。如图8所示,滴西509井区是上砂组砂体主要的发育部位,砂体厚度可达16 m,呈东北-西南向展布[图8(a)],南部砂体分布较为局限下砂组砂体厚度最大可达24 m,砂体集中发育在研究区中部和东北部,整体呈东西向展布,向南北两侧砂体逐渐减薄[图8(b)]。
平均波阻抗属性能够有效指示砂、泥岩的分布规律,因此可利用平均波阻抗属性验证地震砂体解释的合理性。研究区梧桐沟组上、下砂组平均波阻抗属性平面展布规律与砂体平面展布规律一致[图8(c)图8(d)],表明结合正演模拟的地震薄砂体解释准确度高,应用效果好。
应用点(单井沉积相)-线(连井沉积相)-面(砂体平面展布)的方法分别对研究区梧桐沟组一段下砂沉积相和上砂沉积相进行刻画。根据砂体地震波形特征与砂体分布规律,基于典型钻井砂体类型和地震相的对比,剖析不同沉积相(亚相/微相)砂体的地震波形特征和地震相特征,建立梧桐沟组上、下砂组的沉积相发育平面图。
地震正演模拟实验表明,地震波形特征对砂体类型也具有良好的响应,由此建立梧桐沟组一段砂体类型与对应的地震波形特征图版,通过地震波形聚类属性分析研究区的沉积微相。地震波形聚类是地震波形分类中进行岩性识别和分析沉积相或地震相的常用手段之一[4,23-24],其原理是通过提取所开视窗内地震道的波形特征与邻近时窗进行对比,利用相关算法对地震波形进行归类,将相似度较大的波形分为一类,将波形聚类相似度较小的划分为不同类。
图9可知,研究区砂体类型与地震波形特征大致可分为5种,分别为地震剖面上表现为宽波峰的泥岩与较厚河道砂体的组合样式、地震剖面表现为上弱下强的复波峰的泥岩-滩坝砂体-泥岩隔夹层-厚河道砂体的组合样式、地震波形为上波谷和下波峰的泥岩-厚层滩坝砂体-分流河道砂体的组合类型、地震剖面显示为复波上波峰的泥岩-中厚砂体-隔夹层-分流河道砂体的组合类型以及地震波形显示为上波峰和下波谷的泥岩-厚砂体-隔夹层-分流河道砂体的组合类型。
梧桐沟组一段上砂组(P3w${t}_{1}^{1}$)和梧桐沟组一段下砂组(P3w${t}_{1}^{2}$)振幅域波形聚类结果显示,上、下砂组波形可划分为4种聚类个数,波形分类属性颜色越鲜艳代表砂体越发育。由图10可知,梧桐沟组一段上砂组沉积相主要呈南北向发育趋势,聚类属性南北向连续性较好[图10(a)];梧桐沟组一段下砂组聚类属性具有较明显的东西向连续性[图10(b)]。
根据连井沉积微相剖面可知,研究区梧桐沟组一段沉积微(亚)相主要包括水下分流河道微相、河口坝微相、席状砂微相、水下支流间湾微相和滨浅湖亚相(图11)。水下分流河道微相主要表现为高阻、低自然伽马值,自然伽马曲线呈箱装或钟状,整体上呈单井多层、孤立状发育,局部地区井间连续性较好;河口坝微相为高阻、低自然伽马值,自然伽马和电阻率曲线呈漏斗状,单井孤立发育,连续性差,下砂组河口坝微相相对发育;席状砂微相为高电阻、较低自然伽马值,自然伽马呈尖刀状,起伏频繁,单井厚度薄,连续性一般(图11)。
重矿物分析表明,研究区主要存在南北两大物源供给区[10],物源充足。梧桐沟组一段整体处于二级层序下的湖侵阶段,上、下砂组沉积期处于不同的三级层序内[图1(b)]。下砂组沉积期为湖平面持续上升的退积旋回,上砂组沉积期为湖平面短暂下降的进积旋回[10],水体变化影响了研究区的沉积相发育规律。
波形分类属性结合连井沉积微相剖面显示,研究区梧桐沟组一段上砂东部水下分流河道微相具有规模大、连片性好的特点;西部水下分流河道规模相对较小,但河道分支数量较多,形成较大面积的水下分流河道砂体。上砂组沉积时期,随着短期的湖水退却,湖平面降低,湖盆逐渐萎缩,北部成为主要的物源区,砂体由北向南进积,使得更多的沉积物搬运至湖盆区域,使得该期研究区砂体广布,席状砂微相向研究区南部大面积分布[图12(a)]。
结合连井沉积微相剖面进行梧桐沟组一段下砂平面沉积微相划分,结果显示,下砂沉积时期,受控于南北两条水下分流河道,物源整体上由东向西搬运。平面上发育2个主要水下分流河道微相,东北部水下分流河道与湖盆深水距离较远,水动力衰减程度弱,支流发育,水下分流河道砂体规模较大,整体形态近似朵叶状;西北部水下分流河道近湖盆,受湖水影响作用强,整体呈东西向带状展布,与东北部水下分流河道交汇于研究区中部,形成梧桐沟组一段下砂组主要的储层砂体。梧桐沟组一段下砂组沉积期处于湖平面上升阶段,砂体逐渐退积远离湖盆,使得研究区下砂组砂体发育相对受限[图12(b)]。
通过最新三维地震数据及钻测井资料,利用地震正演模拟、波阻抗属性和波形聚类属性,对滴西地区梧桐沟组一段储层砂体及沉积相特征进行系列研究,得出以下结论。
(1)准噶尔盆地滴西地区梧桐沟组一段储层以岩屑砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩为主,储集空间主要为溶蚀孔和残余粒间孔。平均孔隙度10.5%,平均0.45 mD,属于低孔低渗储层。
(2)正演模拟显示,提高地震资料分辨率对于地震砂体识别效果显著,研究区现有三维地震资料能够有效地进行10 m级的砂体识别和解释;砂体厚度小、泥岩夹层厚度小,不利于地震砂体识别;振幅强度随着砂体厚度减薄逐渐减弱,砂体叠置区多表现为弱振幅;当薄层砂体下伏发育凝灰岩等低速岩体时,砂体地震波形表现为低频、中等连续性、强振幅及宽波峰的特点。地震正演模拟技术对于该类型储层砂体的地震识别和解释工作效果显著,综合岩相类型波形特征分析,对于地震相到沉积相的认识也具有重要意义。
(3)滴西地区梧桐沟组上砂组发育多条三角洲前缘水下分流河道,席状砂展布面积大,河口坝微相不发育,整体为砂体进积阶段;下砂组于上砂组三角洲前缘水下分流河道微相和席状砂微发育受限,河口坝微相相对发育。水下分流河道微相砂体厚度大且连通性好,是研究区下一步油气勘探有利区。
  • 中国石油天然气集团公司新疆重大科技专项(2017E-0410)
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2025年第25卷第5期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309340
  • 接收时间:2023-11-27
  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
  • 出版时间:2025-02-18
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-27
  • 修回日期:2024-11-15
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中国石油天然气集团公司新疆重大科技专项(2017E-0410)
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    1 中国石油新疆油田分公司开发事业部, 克拉玛依 834000
    2 中国石油新疆油田分公司采气一厂, 克拉玛依 834000

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*侯玉峰(1991—),男,汉族,新疆克拉玛依人,工程师。研究方向:油气田勘探开发。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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