Article(id=1156983790745768815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156983783787421903, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402056, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1711036800000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-22, revisedDate=1732032000000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753776031432, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1739808000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753776031432, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753776031432, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753776031432, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156983783787421903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='5', pageStart='1753', pageEnd='2192', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753776029774, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1769691857141, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1223739602251436918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156983783787421903, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1223739602251436919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156983783787421903, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2074, endPage=2081, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156983792981332858, articleId=1156983790745768815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Jacking Force Calculation Model and Its Application of PVC Micro-jacking Pipe for Drainage Pipeline, columnId=1156262729917780302, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Architectural Science, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The low-load one-time construction method of PVC micro-pipe jacking was applied in China and is in its infancy. The small stiffness of the flexible PVC pipe ring leads to the redistribution of soil pressure and the generation of elastic resistance during the jacking process. The jacking force can not be accurately calculated by the existing specifications. The principle and construction method of the PVC micro-pipe jacking method were used to investigate. At the same time, the influence of vertical deformation of PVC pipe on soil arching effect and the additional frictional resistance caused by horizontal deformation were considered based on Terzaghi soil pressure. The corresponding jacking force calculation formula was derived on this basis. Furthermore, the factors that influence the jacking force of PVC pipes were analyzed through finite element numerical simulation. The results indicate that the pressure around the PVC pipe will increase due to the deformation of the pipe. The maximum error between the predicted lower limit and the measured value of the jacking force calculation model proposed is 15%. The measured value is between the predicted upper limit and the lower limit, which proves its applicability. The parametric analysis indicates that the jacking force increases by 1.6 times as the pipe diameter increases by 100 mm and the jacking force increases by about 3 times when the buried depth of the pipeline increases from 4.5 m to 6 m.

, correspAuthors=Peng ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ru-dong WU, Kai-xin LIU, Peng ZHANG, Sheng KE), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156983953044361590, articleId=1156983790745768815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=排水管道PVC微型顶管顶进力计算模型及应用, columnId=1156262730517565784, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·建筑科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=PVC微型顶管低负荷一次工法在国内应用处于起步阶段,柔性PVC管环刚度较小导致顶进过程中土压力重分布和产生弹性抗力,现有规范已不能准确估算顶进力。介绍了PVC微型顶管一次工法的原理及施工方法,同时基于太沙基土压力理论,考虑PVC管竖向变形对土拱效应的影响以及考虑柔性管道水平变形弹性抗力产生的附加摩阻力,在此基础上推导出相应的顶进力计算公式,并利用ABAQUS有限元软件进行了验证和参数化分析。结果表明:PVC管的管周压力因管道变形而增大,所提出的顶进力计算模型的预测下限与实测值产生的最大误差为15%,实测值位于预测上限和下限之间,证明其具有适用性;参数化分析显示,管道直径每增加100 mm,会使顶力增加1.6倍左右。管道埋深从4.5 m增加到6 m,顶进力增大了3倍左右。, correspAuthors=张鹏, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*张鹏(1988—),男,汉族,山西大同人,博士,副教授。研究方向:非开挖及城市地下工程建造技术。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=KjYms0Sff4fdzyhW6lbm7Q==, magXml=G1VhVtdiayJZqH+9N+JNdA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=ZR/PrcBTri8b6jPZqip9Gw==, pdfFileSize=10283271, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=3h89yCFx9VCGtzlupqXjJQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=2tJeL92xFDwAASB8h+Tw9g==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

吴如东(2000—),男,汉族,江西上饶人,硕士研究生。研究方向:非开挖顶管技术。E-mail:

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吴如东(2000—),男,汉族,江西上饶人,硕士研究生。研究方向:非开挖顶管技术。E-mail:

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吴如东(2000—),男,汉族,江西上饶人,硕士研究生。研究方向:非开挖顶管技术。E-mail:

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Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2015, 49: 218-229., articleTitle=Numerical simulation for the estimation the jacking force of pipe jacking, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1225467194566427508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983790745768815, awardId=52008383, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(52008383), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1225467196076376975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983790745768815, awardId=202306, language=CN, fundingSource=岩土钻掘与防护教育部工程研究中心开放课题基金(202306), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1225467178284139336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983790745768815, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225467178305110858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983790745768815, companyId=1225467178284139336, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225467178334470993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983790745768815, companyId=1225467178284139336, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国地质大学(武汉)工程学院, 武汉 430074)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1225467185439621472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983790745768815, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=The schematic diagram of low-load one-time construction method of PVC micro-pipe jacking, figureFileSmall=CcySnlJTf/VkoI0zALaDtQ==, figureFileBig=bkkZNS71+GNwmtp3ncy/+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467187020874106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983790745768815, language=CN, label=图1, caption=PVC微型顶管低负荷一次工法示意图, figureFileSmall=CcySnlJTf/VkoI0zALaDtQ==, figureFileBig=bkkZNS71+GNwmtp3ncy/+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467187369001368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983790745768815, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=The schematic diagram of the pressure force model around the pipe, figureFileSmall=4SRBH0I0jNJHNdzrttCXfw==, figureFileBig=mfAg1JiWqCwT4BTXbpZj7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467187557745067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983790745768815, language=CN, label=图2, caption=管周压力受力模型示意图

qv为竖向土压力;qB为变形引起的弹性抗力;qr为地基反力;Δx为管道横向变形量;Δy为管道竖向变形量;β为变形角度

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figureFileBig=ohuiZJE8HNzbZHeTjlSF/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467188392411646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983790745768815, language=CN, label=图4, caption=微型顶管隧道纵断面示意图, figureFileSmall=3wQavXkcgnDCtvNxbow8fQ==, figureFileBig=ohuiZJE8HNzbZHeTjlSF/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467188539212300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983790745768815, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Comparison of measured jacking force with the formulas in this paper and specifications, figureFileSmall=uM4SW+xCdvinQlhXrLCCBw==, figureFileBig=sP0Ob45zUcg5j0/PmcrszA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467188686012957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983790745768815, language=CN, label=图5, caption=实测顶力与本文公式和各规范的比较, figureFileSmall=uM4SW+xCdvinQlhXrLCCBw==, figureFileBig=sP0Ob45zUcg5j0/PmcrszA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467188828619309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983790745768815, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Diagram of finite element model, figureFileSmall=xygJUww1uVXJp6gV5AwRZg==, figureFileBig=FkUrZGHMUssQAZPa0rlOCg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467189034140226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983790745768815, language=CN, label=图6, caption=三维有限元模型示意图, figureFileSmall=xygJUww1uVXJp6gV5AwRZg==, figureFileBig=FkUrZGHMUssQAZPa0rlOCg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467189201912404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983790745768815, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=The jacking force diagram of each section of the finite element method, figureFileSmall=YNn9IqhJnAj9J6f35vPr6w==, figureFileBig=xl+obfJ1lS01N243cG0Zdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467189558428265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983790745768815, language=CN, label=图7, caption=有限元各段顶进力示意图, figureFileSmall=YNn9IqhJnAj9J6f35vPr6w==, figureFileBig=xl+obfJ1lS01N243cG0Zdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467189692646013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983790745768815, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Comparison of measured jacking force, formula in this paper, and finite element simulation value, figureFileSmall=p6td0PeFChNwItxoA33/4g==, figureFileBig=p6bPavXfO+bp2ZY5FWX68g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467189810086536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983790745768815, language=CN, label=图8, caption=实测顶力、本文公式和有限元模拟值的比较, figureFileSmall=p6td0PeFChNwItxoA33/4g==, figureFileBig=p6bPavXfO+bp2ZY5FWX68g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467189923332756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983790745768815, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Jacking force under different pipe diameters, figureFileSmall=hVil0X3cyiFkfH4Y7uVHBQ==, figureFileBig=Qhy1ud3oOZudub+JOCnk0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467190053356195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983790745768815, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同管道直径下的顶进力示意图, figureFileSmall=hVil0X3cyiFkfH4Y7uVHBQ==, figureFileBig=Qhy1ud3oOZudub+JOCnk0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467191546528446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983790745768815, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Jacking force diagram under different buried depth, figureFileSmall=M19799utGZRQrW30SsfKeA==, figureFileBig=ZWUuvnrwRBSoutfZ15s5wg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467191802381002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983790745768815, language=CN, label=图10, caption=不同埋深下的顶进力示意图, figureFileSmall=M19799utGZRQrW30SsfKeA==, figureFileBig=ZWUuvnrwRBSoutfZ15s5wg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467192121148129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983790745768815, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Physical and mechanical parameters of the soil layer

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩土名称 含水率ω/% 密度ρ/(g·cm-3) 天然孔隙比e 压缩系数/MPa-1 黏聚力c/kPa 内摩擦角ϕ/(°) 压缩模量/MPa
素填土 30.6 1.86 0.881 0.36 15 6 5.4
黏土 25.0 1.95 0.696 0.14 40 15 13.7
粉质黏土 28.6 1.85 0.854 0.35 19 12 5.2
), ArticleFig(id=1225467192356029165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983790745768815, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

土层的物理力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩土名称 含水率ω/% 密度ρ/(g·cm-3) 天然孔隙比e 压缩系数/MPa-1 黏聚力c/kPa 内摩擦角ϕ/(°) 压缩模量/MPa
素填土 30.6 1.86 0.881 0.36 15 6 5.4
黏土 25.0 1.95 0.696 0.14 40 15 13.7
粉质黏土 28.6 1.85 0.854 0.35 19 12 5.2
), ArticleFig(id=1225467192578327291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983790745768815, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The value of each calculation parameter in the engineering example

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工程参数 计算值
地层 黏土
密度/(kg·m-3) 1 950
黏聚力/kPa 40
埋深/m 5
管道内径/m 0.5
管道壁厚/m 0.06
隧道直径/m 0.6
内摩擦角 15
顶进长度/m 56
管道长度/m 1
管道弹性模量/GPa 3.14
支撑系数K 0.083
变形滞后系数Df 1
摩擦因数上限[21]μ1 0.217
摩擦因数下限[21]μ2 0.087
), ArticleFig(id=1225467193031312146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983790745768815, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

工程实例中的各计算参数取值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工程参数 计算值
地层 黏土
密度/(kg·m-3) 1 950
黏聚力/kPa 40
埋深/m 5
管道内径/m 0.5
管道壁厚/m 0.06
隧道直径/m 0.6
内摩擦角 15
顶进长度/m 56
管道长度/m 1
管道弹性模量/GPa 3.14
支撑系数K 0.083
变形滞后系数Df 1
摩擦因数上限[21]μ1 0.217
摩擦因数下限[21]μ2 0.087
), ArticleFig(id=1225467193287164697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983790745768815, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Calculate the model material parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料
名称
密度/
(kg·m-3)
弹性模量/
MPa
泊松比 黏聚力/
kPa
内摩擦角/
(°)
素填土 1 895 6 0.15 15 6
黏土 1 950 16.2 0.4 40 12.62
PVC管 1 350 3 000 0.319
), ArticleFig(id=1225467193610126135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983790745768815, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

计算模型材料参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料
名称
密度/
(kg·m-3)
弹性模量/
MPa
泊松比 黏聚力/
kPa
内摩擦角/
(°)
素填土 1 895 6 0.15 15 6
黏土 1 950 16.2 0.4 40 12.62
PVC管 1 350 3 000 0.319
), ArticleFig(id=1225467193790481216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983790745768815, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Comparison between measured jacking force and finite element simulation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
顶进力 12~
13 m
23~
24 m
36~
37 m
47~
48 m
55~
56 m
模拟值/kN 28.2 52 91.7 120 146.2
实测值/kN 30 58.7 98.4 125 150
偏差/% 6 11.4 6.8 4 2.5
), ArticleFig(id=1225467194021167952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983790745768815, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

实测与有限元模拟顶进力的比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
顶进力 12~
13 m
23~
24 m
36~
37 m
47~
48 m
55~
56 m
模拟值/kN 28.2 52 91.7 120 146.2
实测值/kN 30 58.7 98.4 125 150
偏差/% 6 11.4 6.8 4 2.5
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排水管道PVC微型顶管顶进力计算模型及应用
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吴如东 , 刘锴鑫 , 张鹏 * , 柯晟
科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025,25(5): 2074-2081
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025, 25(5): 2074-2081
排水管道PVC微型顶管顶进力计算模型及应用
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吴如东 , 刘锴鑫, 张鹏* , 柯晟
作者信息
  • 中国地质大学(武汉)工程学院, 武汉 430074
  • 吴如东(2000—),男,汉族,江西上饶人,硕士研究生。研究方向:非开挖顶管技术。E-mail:

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*张鹏(1988—),男,汉族,山西大同人,博士,副教授。研究方向:非开挖及城市地下工程建造技术。E-mail:
Jacking Force Calculation Model and Its Application of PVC Micro-jacking Pipe for Drainage Pipeline
Ru-dong WU , Kai-xin LIU, Peng ZHANG* , Sheng KE
Affiliations
  • Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
出版时间: 2025-02-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402056
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PVC微型顶管低负荷一次工法在国内应用处于起步阶段,柔性PVC管环刚度较小导致顶进过程中土压力重分布和产生弹性抗力,现有规范已不能准确估算顶进力。介绍了PVC微型顶管一次工法的原理及施工方法,同时基于太沙基土压力理论,考虑PVC管竖向变形对土拱效应的影响以及考虑柔性管道水平变形弹性抗力产生的附加摩阻力,在此基础上推导出相应的顶进力计算公式,并利用ABAQUS有限元软件进行了验证和参数化分析。结果表明:PVC管的管周压力因管道变形而增大,所提出的顶进力计算模型的预测下限与实测值产生的最大误差为15%,实测值位于预测上限和下限之间,证明其具有适用性;参数化分析显示,管道直径每增加100 mm,会使顶力增加1.6倍左右。管道埋深从4.5 m增加到6 m,顶进力增大了3倍左右。
微型顶管  /  顶进力  /  土压力  /  有限元  /  PVC

The low-load one-time construction method of PVC micro-pipe jacking was applied in China and is in its infancy. The small stiffness of the flexible PVC pipe ring leads to the redistribution of soil pressure and the generation of elastic resistance during the jacking process. The jacking force can not be accurately calculated by the existing specifications. The principle and construction method of the PVC micro-pipe jacking method were used to investigate. At the same time, the influence of vertical deformation of PVC pipe on soil arching effect and the additional frictional resistance caused by horizontal deformation were considered based on Terzaghi soil pressure. The corresponding jacking force calculation formula was derived on this basis. Furthermore, the factors that influence the jacking force of PVC pipes were analyzed through finite element numerical simulation. The results indicate that the pressure around the PVC pipe will increase due to the deformation of the pipe. The maximum error between the predicted lower limit and the measured value of the jacking force calculation model proposed is 15%. The measured value is between the predicted upper limit and the lower limit, which proves its applicability. The parametric analysis indicates that the jacking force increases by 1.6 times as the pipe diameter increases by 100 mm and the jacking force increases by about 3 times when the buried depth of the pipeline increases from 4.5 m to 6 m.

micro-pipe jacking  /  jacking force  /  earth pressure  /  finite element  /  PVC
吴如东, 刘锴鑫, 张鹏, 柯晟. 排水管道PVC微型顶管顶进力计算模型及应用. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (5) : 2074 -2081 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402056
Ru-dong WU, Kai-xin LIU, Peng ZHANG, Sheng KE. Jacking Force Calculation Model and Its Application of PVC Micro-jacking Pipe for Drainage Pipeline[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (5) : 2074 -2081 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402056
聚氯乙烯(polyvinyl chloride,PVC)微型顶管低负荷一次工法是一种对环境影响较小的先进地下排水管道铺设技术[1]。由于其工序少,工期短,施工综合成本低等优点而在日本、德国等地区广泛应用[2]。而在国内此技术仍处于发展阶段,对于此技术的应用和施工仍无相关经验。
顶进力计算是PVC微型顶管工程进行施工的核心问题,PVC管不同于混凝土管和钢管,由于刚度较小,管周荷载会由于管道变形而产生较大变化,进而对PVC管道所受顶进力产生影响。对于混凝土等刚性顶管,管道摩阻力受管土间摩擦因数、管泥浆土接触角度等因数影响较大,许多研究人员进行了室内试验和现场研究,分析了刚性顶管顶进过程中的摩阻力[3-7]。目前对PVC微型顶管一次工法技术的研究较少,更多集中在二次工法研究上。张习哲[8]对微型螺旋式顶管技术展开了研究,并改进了微型顶管二次工法的施工装置。田海涛[9]对各种微型顶管的适用条件及优缺点进行了总结,为施工提供了参考。目前在PVC微型顶管顶进力的研究上更为空白,对PVC等柔性管的研究主要在埋地管道的承载性能和力学特性上[10-12]。Watkins等[13]和Spangler等[14]考虑管土相互作用,提出了柔性管道的变形计算式,该计算式后来成为国内许多埋地管道研究的基础。
从上述研究可以看出,目前国内对PVC一次工法的核心技术了解不足,对PVC微型顶管顶进力没有较完善的预测公式。为解决上述问题,现详细介绍PVC微型顶管低负荷一次工法的施工原理。同时基于管道变形,对PVC顶管各部分所受力展开研究,推导出PVC微型顶管的顶进力计算模型,并采用ABAQUS有限元软件进行对比和参数化分析。
PVC微型顶管一次工法与先导式[15-16]等二次工法不同,二次工法需要将先导管和出泥管顶进,工序繁多且施工成本相对较高。图1为低负荷一次工法施工示意图,螺旋钻低负荷一次工法无须多次扩孔,通过在管道内部安装传力螺旋杆并与机头相连,动力装置通过螺旋杆带动刀盘旋转,在出土的同时将PVC管顶入土层中,省去了先导管和排泥管的顶进,大大提高了施工效率。
PVC微型顶管低负荷一次工法是使用低承载力PVC管进行顶进,在这种方法中,刀盘顶进所需的迎面阻力作用于管道内部螺旋杆上,PVC管仅承担周围土壤与管外表面的摩擦阻力,不受迎面阻力作用,作用在PVC管上的顶进力就减小到管周摩阻力。PVC管所受轴向作用力大大减小,减小了PVC管在顶进过程中发生屈曲的危险,这种力传递机制便是PVC微型顶管工程低负荷一次工法的核心所在。
PVC微型顶管由于管径较小等工艺限制,只在顶管机头部与尾部进行注浆,在摩阻力计算中可不考虑泥浆作用,管土全接触。为研究PVC微型顶管的管周压力分布规律,建立的受力模型如下:模型中各方向压力的支撑角均取180°。管节上部垂直土压力和管底地基反力均匀分布;由于顶进过程中的侧向土压力较小,主要由弹性抗力控制,在顶进时不考虑侧向土压力作用,管侧弹性抗力按抛物线分布;管道变形量采用Spangler公式计算。管周压力分布示意图如图2所示。
综合上述分析,管周压力计算所需的核心参数为竖向土压力qv,变形引起的弹性抗力qB以及地基反力qr
考虑土拱效应的太沙基理论[17]是目前计算管顶竖向土压力的主要方法,但太沙基理论未考虑管道刚度的影响,并假定两侧剪切带竖直向上发展至地表,在实际工程中并不完全适用。PVC柔性管刚度较小,在竖向土压力作用下产生竖向压缩变形,同时产生侧向变形,管道向两侧挤压土体,导致土压力会在管道变形后产生应力重分布。变形前后的滑移面宽度和剪切带高度都较原先发生了改变,原有的太沙基土压力理论计算公式已经不再适用于发生变形后的PVC柔性管道,土压力滑移面宽度与剪切带高度变化示意图如图3所示。
未变形时的滑移面宽度B1按太沙基假设[18]来计算,表达式为
$2 B_{1}=D_{1}(1+2 \tan \alpha)$
式(1)中:D1为隧道直径;α=π/4-ϕ/2,ϕ为土的内摩擦角。
由于角度α在变形前后不发生变化,故变形后的滑移面宽度B2
B2=1/2D1(1+2tanα)+Δx(1-tanα)
管道侧向变形量Δx
Δx=$\frac{K{D}_{f}W{r}^{3}}{EI+0.061E\text{'}{r}^{3}}$
式中:Df为管道变形滞后效应系数,可忽略不计;K为支撑系数,180°支撑角时取值为0.084 3;W为单位管长上的荷载;r为管道半径;E为管材模量;I为单位长度上的惯性矩;t为壁厚;E'为土壤反力模量。
未变形时上方三角形剪切带高度hcr1
hcr1=B1cot(45°-ϕ/2)
变形后上方三角形剪切带高度hcr2
hcr2=[B1x(1-tanα)]cot(45°-ϕ/2)
下方竖直剪切带的高度h2
h2=h1x
对于下方竖直滑移面的高度,可根据土体损失量与原始体积之间的关系来计算。
管周的土体损失ΔV
ΔV=$\frac{\pi }{4}$(${D}_{c}^{2}$-${D}_{p}^{2}$)
剪切带内土体的原始体积V1
$V_{1}=\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{\tan \alpha}{4}-\frac{\pi}{8}\right) D_{\mathrm{c}}^{2}$
三角形剪切带内土体的原始体积V2
V2=$\frac{(1+tan\alpha)(1+cot\alpha)}{4}{D}_{c}^{2}$
下方竖直剪切带的体积V3
V3=(1+tanα)h1Dc
根据关系式,即
ΔV-ξV1=ξ(V2+V3)
联立式(7)~式(11)可得到竖直剪切带的发展高度h1
结合上述公式,PVC微型顶管竖向土压力公式计算公式为
$\begin{aligned} q_{\mathrm{v}}^{\prime}= &\frac{B_{2} \gamma-c}{k \tan \varphi}\left[1-\mathrm{e}^{-\frac{k \tan \varphi\left(h_{2}+h_{\mathrm{cr} 2}\right)}{B_{2}}}\right]+ \\ &{\left[q+\gamma\left(H_{2}-h_{2}-h_{\mathrm{cr} 2}\right)\right] \mathrm{e}^{-\frac{k \tan \varphi\left(h_{2}+h_{\mathrm{cr} 2}\right)}{B_{2}}} } \end{aligned}$
管道上部所受土压力产生的合力P1
P1=${{\int }_{}^{\pi } }_{0}\frac{{D}_{p}}{2}$q'vsinβdβ
式中:γ为土体重度,若在地下水位以下,则取为浮重度;c为土的黏聚力;k为侧向土压力系数;ϕ为土的内摩擦角;q为上部外荷载;Dc为隧洞直径;Dp为管道直径;ξ为土的膨胀系数,一般沙砾的膨胀系数介于0.1~0.18,粉土和黏土的膨胀系数介于0.18~0.4[19]
在柔性管的顶进力分析中,管道侧壁发生变形对土体挤压所产生的弹性抗力是影响摩阻力的主要因素, PVC管的环向刚度与混凝土管相差较大,管道产生的变形量能充分引起侧向土体弹性抗力的发挥,因此计算柔性管管周压力须考虑弹性抗力的影响。
弹性抗力qB的水平位移Δx根据Spangler公式求得,按式(3)计算。根据文克尔局部地基假定,在管道水平直径处,抗力达最大值qB-max=kΔx;因此,作用于中心角为β上的圆周上一点的抗力为
qB=qB-maxsinβ=kΔxsinβ
式(14)中:k取弹性地基梁基床系数。
管道所受弹性抗力产生的合力P2
P2=4${\int }_{0}^{\frac{\pi }{2}} \frac{{D}_{p}}{2}$kΔxsin2βdβ
由于PVC微型顶管施工工艺与传统的顶管不同,虽然在施工过程中不注浆,但在螺旋出土过程中,需不断通过传力螺杆向内注水以保证土顺利排出。水分布在环空间隙内,故PVC管在顶进过程中还受浮力的作用,在管顶竖向压力和管道的净浮力已知条件下,基底反力由竖向静力平衡求得,管道底部与土体接触产生的地基反力qr
qrDp=q'vDp+W-FvDp
故管道地基反力产生的合力P3
P3=${\int }_{\pi }^{2\pi } \frac{{D}_{p}}{2}$qrsinβdβ
式中:Fv为管道所受浮力;W为单位长度管道自重;其他符号与上述相同。
在管土全接触条件下,对于微型顶管顶进力采用式(18)计算。
Fp=Ff=μ(N+W)L=μ(P1+P2+P3+W)L
式(18)中:μ为管土摩擦因数;N为作用在管道上的总法向压力;L为顶进长度;Fp为顶进力;Ff为管周摩阻力。
现有改造工程,拟改造高新二路西起豹溪路,东至未来三路,其中WB62、WB63两段新建DN500污水管道,该段污水管道采用新型微型顶管施工工艺。管材采用非开挖硬聚氯乙烯(PVC-U)微型顶管。顶进长度为56 m,管道埋深5 m。
根据该工程岩土工程勘察报告,WB62、WB63的场地各个地层从上到下依次为:①素填土;②黏土;③粉质黏土;④中分化泥岩。微型顶管埋深5 m,其主要穿越地层为黏土层。其地质剖面图如图4所示,土的物理力学性质如表1所示。
为了验证所提出的顶进力计算模型的可行性,将本文公式和国内规范《给水排水工程顶管技术规程》(CECS 246:2020)[20]与本文工程实测值进行对比。采用本文模型计算出的顶进力各参数如表2所示。
将计算参数分别代入上述公式,实测顶进力与各计算式对比如图5所示,可见,实测顶进力随顶进距离增大呈线性增长的趋势,实测最大顶进力为150 kN左右。《给水排水工程顶管技术规程》(CECS 246:2020)[20]由于考虑了迎面阻力,且取触变泥浆减阻后的平均摩阻力进行计算,计算的顶进力最大值可达500 kN,远远大于实测值,为实测值的3~4倍,且随着顶进距离增大,误差会越来越大,不适用于PVC微型顶管的顶进力预测。而基于管道变形推导的理论公式,实测值在本文公式顶进力上限和下限之间,预测上限最大值为212 kN,为实测最大值的1.4倍左右,预测下限与实测值产生的最大误差为15%,证明本文模型是合理的,可为实际PVC微型顶管工程提供顶进力较好的预测。
为研究PVC微型顶管的管土相互作用和顶进力,采用ABAQUS软件分析管道的受力变化规律。在有限元分析中将土体简化为两土层,土层的各参数取值如表3所示。管道管径设为500 mm,壁厚20 mm,为模拟实际工程工况,分别选取12~13 m、23~24 m、36~37 m、47~48 m、55~56 m作为模拟顶进区段,同时考虑边界效应,将土体尺寸模型设置为8 m×6 m×46 m,管顶覆土为5 m,距土体两侧为3 m。不考虑注浆作用。23~24 m的有限元模型示意图如图6所示,模拟中不考虑地下水的影响。
为验证理论模型的正确性,通过位移法得出PVC微型顶管的顶进力大小,并将模拟所得顶进力与本文理论公式和实测值相对比。通过对顶进面上各结点的平均应力乘以顶进面横截面积,以此获得顶进力[22]图7 (a)为管道顶进面示意图,图7 (b)~图7 (f) 分别为12~13、23~24、36~37、47~48、55~56 m的顶进面的应力云图,通过计算得5个截面模拟的顶进力分别为28.2、52、91.7、120、146.2 kN。
模拟和实测数据的顶进力值的比较如表4所示。可知,数值模拟结果要比实测数据要小,其中23~24 m段偏差最大,误差达到11.4%。原因可能是在这一段工具管前端遇障碍物或施工停止,导致重新顶进时,需克服静摩擦,从而造成顶管施工中顶力突然增大。随后顶力逐渐下降,在36~37 m中偏差为6.8%回归正常。实际上数值模拟结果与计算公式较趋向于理想化,不受外在条件影响。在实际的顶管操作中,顶力受许多其他因素的影响,包括机械、地质条件等,导致顶力在某些情况下产生变化。图8为有限元模拟的线性分析结果与实测数据和本文模型的比较,有限元模拟的线性分析在一定程度上与实测值较为拟合,且平均偏差在6.14%,可以比较正确的反映顶进力的大小。
PVC微型顶管的顶进力不仅受土压力影响,还受其他因素影响,主要因素包括:管径、埋深、壁厚等因素。为研究各种参数对顶力的影响,利用ABAQUS软件对PVC微型顶管进行参数化分析。
PVC微型顶管管径较小,以管径200、300、400、500、600 mm为研究对象,在不改变其他条件下进行参数分析。图9为不同管道直径下的顶进力大小。可见,管道直径越大,管道顶进所需的顶进力也越大,管道直径从200 mm增加到600 mm,在顶进里程末端管道顶进力从31.37 kN变为200.64 kN,增加了约6倍左右。原因可能是管径增大造成管道径厚比改变,环向刚度变小,使管道的变形量增加,进而造成管周土压力增大,从而导致顶进力增大。
PVC管环向刚度小,因此埋深是需考虑的重要因素之一。图10为不同埋深下的顶进力示意图,可见,管道埋深对顶进力有较大影响。埋深从4.5 m增加到6 m,在13 m处顶进力增加了60 kN左右,而在56 m处,顶进力从125 kN增加到了380 kN。这是因为当埋深较浅时,PVC管产生变形越小,土压力沿两侧发展至地表,进而会使管道所受土压力减小,造成顶进力减小。在埋深为6.5 m时,PVC管已经超过极限承载力,导致模拟失败。因此对于PVC微型顶管,需合理控制埋深,埋深过大会导致管节屈曲发生失效。
通过对PVC微型顶管施工技术研究及管土接触力学特性分析,综合得出了考虑管道变形的PVC微型顶管顶进力计算模型,并将工程实测值与本文所得理论公式进行对比,同时利用有限元模拟对其进行了参数化分析。得到以下结论。
(1)螺旋钻低负荷一次工法技术核心是通过管内部螺旋管平衡迎面阻力,使PVC管仅受管周摩阻力,省去了先导管的顶进,较二次工法能更高效的将PVC管按照要求顶入土层中。
(2)柔性PVC管竖向变形会造成土压力重分布,侧向变形产生的弹性抗力,导致产生附加摩阻力。根据管道变形量推导了变形后的竖向土压力和侧向弹性抗力计算公式,并据此提出了PVC微型顶管的顶进力计算模型。
(3)计算模型预测上限最大值为实测值的1.42倍左右,预测下限与实测值产生的最大误差为15%,实测值位于本文预测上限和下限曲线之间,说明本文公式对于PVC微型顶管顶进力计算具有适用性。
(4)有限元数值模型预测的顶力平均偏差为6.14%,可以比较正确的反映顶进力的大小。参数化分析显示,管道直径每增加100 mm,会使顶力增加1.6倍左右。埋深增加会使顶进力增大,随着顶进距离的增加,埋深对顶进力的影响越大。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52008383)
  • 岩土钻掘与防护教育部工程研究中心开放课题基金(202306)
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402056
  • 接收时间:2024-03-22
  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
  • 出版时间:2025-02-18
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-22
  • 修回日期:2024-11-20
基金
国家自然科学基金(52008383)
岩土钻掘与防护教育部工程研究中心开放课题基金(202306)
作者信息
    中国地质大学(武汉)工程学院, 武汉 430074

通讯作者:

*张鹏(1988—),男,汉族,山西大同人,博士,副教授。研究方向:非开挖及城市地下工程建造技术。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
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genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
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Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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