Article(id=1156983789210657003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156983783787421903, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309885, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1702483200000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-14, revisedDate=1731513600000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753776031067, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1739808000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753776031067, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753776031067, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753776031067, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156983783787421903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='5', pageStart='1753', pageEnd='2192', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753776029774, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1769691857141, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1223739602251436918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156983783787421903, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1223739602251436919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156983783787421903, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1963, endPage=1972, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156983790879990004, articleId=1156983789210657003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Differential Business and Multi-domain Communication Technology Adaptation Method for New Power Load Management System, columnId=1156262733675876713, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Electrical Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Under the dual carbon background, a multi-domain communication architecture was constructed to address issues such as a single communication mode and poor adaptability between business and communication technology in the new power load management system. The key supporting technologies of this architecture were comprehensively analyzed. Additionally, an adaptability evaluation system for business and communication technology was developed based on varying business types and their specific communication requirements. A communication technology adaptation method was proposed, employing the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP), the CRITIC method, and grey relational analysis-technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (GRA-TOPSIS). The proposed method facilitates the analysis of adaptability between differentiated business requirements and multi-domain communication technologies. The analysis of case studies indicates that the proposed architecture and the adaptation method offer an effective theoretical basis and solution for selecting multi-domain communication technology for the new power load management system business.

, correspAuthors=Xian-de BU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jun-min WU, Shi-dong LIU, Xian-de BU, Chuan LIU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156983884765291094, articleId=1156983789210657003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=新型电力负荷管理系统差异化业务与多域通信技术适配方法, columnId=1156262734506353627, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·电工技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对双碳背景下新型电力负荷管理系统通信方式单一以及业务与通信技术适配性差等问题,构建了含本地通信和远程通信的新型电力负荷管理系统多域通信架构,并分析支撑该架构的关键技术。其次,根据差异化业务类型与通信需求,构建了业务与通信技术适配性评价体系,并提出了一种基于模糊层次分析法-融合熵权CRITIC-灰色关联逼近理想解排序法的通信方式适配方法,以实现差异化业务与多域通信技术适配性分析。由算例分析得,所提架构与适配算法为新型电力负荷管理系统业务进行多域通信技术的选择提供了有效的理论基础和解决方案。

, correspAuthors=卜宪德, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*卜宪德(1978—),男,汉族,江苏徐州人,博士,正高级工程师。研究方向:电力物联网及多媒体通信技术。E-mail:
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吴军民(1971—),男,汉族,江苏泰州人,硕士,正高级工程师。研究方向:电网数字化技术。E-mail:

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吴军民(1971—),男,汉族,江苏泰州人,硕士,正高级工程师。研究方向:电网数字化技术。E-mail:

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吴军民(1971—),男,汉族,江苏泰州人,硕士,正高级工程师。研究方向:电网数字化技术。E-mail:

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Fuzzy triangular scale

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等级 定义 三角模糊数
1
3
5
7
9
同等重要
稍微重要
相当重要
非常重要
绝对重要
(1,1,1)
(2,3,4)
(4,5,6)
(6,7,8)
(9,9,9)
2
4
6
8
两个相邻等级之间的间歇值 (1,2,3)
(3,4,5)
(5,6,7)
(7,8,9)
), ArticleFig(id=1225467180335154140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983789210657003, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

三角模糊标度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
等级 定义 三角模糊数
1
3
5
7
9
同等重要
稍微重要
相当重要
非常重要
绝对重要
(1,1,1)
(2,3,4)
(4,5,6)
(6,7,8)
(9,9,9)
2
4
6
8
两个相邻等级之间的间歇值 (1,2,3)
(3,4,5)
(5,6,7)
(7,8,9)
), ArticleFig(id=1225467180691670006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983789210657003, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Remote and local communication technology performance indicator data

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通信
技术
带宽 时延/
ms
误码率 安全性 成本 传输距
离/km
光纤专网 1 Gbps 2 10-10 100 100 15
无线公网 200 Mbps 60 10-6 60 40 20
无线专网 100 Mbps 30 10-7 100 60 15
中压PLC 500 Kbps 100 10-5 80 60 10
RS485 1 Mbps 5 10-9 100 100 1.2
HPLC 2 Mbps 10 10-6 100 60 1.6
WiFi 200 Mbps 15 10-6 80 80 0.3
LORA 50 Kpbs 100 10-3 100 40 2
蓝牙 20 Mbps 20 10-6 80 60 0.1
), ArticleFig(id=1225467180918161420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983789210657003, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

远程与本地通信技术性能指标数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
通信
技术
带宽 时延/
ms
误码率 安全性 成本 传输距
离/km
光纤专网 1 Gbps 2 10-10 100 100 15
无线公网 200 Mbps 60 10-6 60 40 20
无线专网 100 Mbps 30 10-7 100 60 15
中压PLC 500 Kbps 100 10-5 80 60 10
RS485 1 Mbps 5 10-9 100 100 1.2
HPLC 2 Mbps 10 10-6 100 60 1.6
WiFi 200 Mbps 15 10-6 80 80 0.3
LORA 50 Kpbs 100 10-3 100 40 2
蓝牙 20 Mbps 20 10-6 80 60 0.1
), ArticleFig(id=1225467181106905125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983789210657003, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Subjective weights of four communication demand indicators for power business

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
业务
名称
带宽 时延 误码率 安全性 成本 传输
距离
精准负荷控制 0.055 0.294 0.247 0.284 0.057 0.063
用电信息采集 0.069 0.112 0.302 0.097 0.217 0.203
负荷管理终端
监控
0.203 0.095 0.151 0.269 0.214 0.068
电力市场交易 0.063 0.218 0.087 0.298 0.091 0.243
), ArticleFig(id=1225467182499414071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983789210657003, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

4种电力业务通信需求指标主观权重

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
业务
名称
带宽 时延 误码率 安全性 成本 传输
距离
精准负荷控制 0.055 0.294 0.247 0.284 0.057 0.063
用电信息采集 0.069 0.112 0.302 0.097 0.217 0.203
负荷管理终端
监控
0.203 0.095 0.151 0.269 0.214 0.068
电力市场交易 0.063 0.218 0.087 0.298 0.091 0.243
), ArticleFig(id=1225467182767849558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983789210657003, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Combined weights of four communication demand indicators for power business

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
业务名称 带宽 时延 误码率 安全性 成本 传输距离
精准负荷控制 0.089 0.263 0.226 0.276 0.072 0.074
用电信息采集 0.101 0.091 0.253 0.086 0.251 0.218
负荷管理终端
监控
0.281 0.073 0.119 0.225 0.233 0.069
电力市场交易 0.095 0.183 0.074 0.271 0.109 0.268
), ArticleFig(id=1225467182948204652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983789210657003, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

四种电力业务通信需求指标组合权重

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
业务名称 带宽 时延 误码率 安全性 成本 传输距离
精准负荷控制 0.089 0.263 0.226 0.276 0.072 0.074
用电信息采集 0.101 0.091 0.253 0.086 0.251 0.218
负荷管理终端
监控
0.281 0.073 0.119 0.225 0.233 0.069
电力市场交易 0.095 0.183 0.074 0.271 0.109 0.268
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新型电力负荷管理系统差异化业务与多域通信技术适配方法
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吴军民 , 刘世栋 , 卜宪德 * , 刘川
科学技术与工程 | 论文·电工技术 2025,25(5): 1963-1972
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·电工技术 2025, 25(5): 1963-1972
新型电力负荷管理系统差异化业务与多域通信技术适配方法
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吴军民 , 刘世栋, 卜宪德* , 刘川
作者信息
  • 中国电力科学研究院信息通信研究所, 南京 210000
  • 吴军民(1971—),男,汉族,江苏泰州人,硕士,正高级工程师。研究方向:电网数字化技术。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*卜宪德(1978—),男,汉族,江苏徐州人,博士,正高级工程师。研究方向:电力物联网及多媒体通信技术。E-mail:
Differential Business and Multi-domain Communication Technology Adaptation Method for New Power Load Management System
Jun-min WU , Shi-dong LIU, Xian-de BU* , Chuan LIU
Affiliations
  • Institute of Information and Communication Research, China Electric Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210000, China
出版时间: 2025-02-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309885
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针对双碳背景下新型电力负荷管理系统通信方式单一以及业务与通信技术适配性差等问题,构建了含本地通信和远程通信的新型电力负荷管理系统多域通信架构,并分析支撑该架构的关键技术。其次,根据差异化业务类型与通信需求,构建了业务与通信技术适配性评价体系,并提出了一种基于模糊层次分析法-融合熵权CRITIC-灰色关联逼近理想解排序法的通信方式适配方法,以实现差异化业务与多域通信技术适配性分析。由算例分析得,所提架构与适配算法为新型电力负荷管理系统业务进行多域通信技术的选择提供了有效的理论基础和解决方案。

新型电力负荷管理系统  /  通信适配  /  模糊层次分析法  /  CRITIC  /  熵权法  /  逼近理想解排序法

Under the dual carbon background, a multi-domain communication architecture was constructed to address issues such as a single communication mode and poor adaptability between business and communication technology in the new power load management system. The key supporting technologies of this architecture were comprehensively analyzed. Additionally, an adaptability evaluation system for business and communication technology was developed based on varying business types and their specific communication requirements. A communication technology adaptation method was proposed, employing the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP), the CRITIC method, and grey relational analysis-technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (GRA-TOPSIS). The proposed method facilitates the analysis of adaptability between differentiated business requirements and multi-domain communication technologies. The analysis of case studies indicates that the proposed architecture and the adaptation method offer an effective theoretical basis and solution for selecting multi-domain communication technology for the new power load management system business.

new power load management system  /  communication adaptation  /  fuzzy analytic hierarchy process  /  CRITIC  /  entropy weight method  /  technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution
吴军民, 刘世栋, 卜宪德, 刘川. 新型电力负荷管理系统差异化业务与多域通信技术适配方法. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (5) : 1963 -1972 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309885
Jun-min WU, Shi-dong LIU, Xian-de BU, Chuan LIU. Differential Business and Multi-domain Communication Technology Adaptation Method for New Power Load Management System[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (5) : 1963 -1972 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309885
在“双碳”背景下,中国能源结构加速推进向绿色低碳转型[1],高比例的可再生能源汇入电网对新型电力系统的安全可靠运行提出巨大挑战。电力负荷管理系统作为对信息采集、处理和实时监控及对负荷资源的动态聚合、灵活控制的系统[2],必须适应新型电力系统的发展需求[3],在负荷资源复杂化,负荷结构多元化的趋势中,提升负荷管理水平,确保电力系统安全稳定运行。2022年5月,国家发展和改革委员会、国家能源局印发《关于推进新型电力负荷管理系统建设的通知》(发改办运行〔2022〕471号),提出建设新型电力负荷管理系统,有助于提高新型电力系统的灵活性与提升源-网-荷的互动能力,助力新能源消纳与碳排放的精准高效管理,促进“双碳”目标的实现[4]
现代信息通信技术作为构建新型电力负荷管理系统及承载新型负荷管理系统业务的关键,可助力新型电力负荷管理系统实现精准监测与调控,有效支撑电网常态化需求侧管理工作建设与提高能源业务服务质量(quality of service,QoS)。然而能源转型下的新型电力负荷管理系统面临着数据量激增,通信业务多样化、差异化的问题,电力通信业务难以适配合适的通信技术。
文献[5]提出了基于层次分析法的虚拟电厂多业务通信方式适配方法,选取通信业务适配度评分高的通信技术,然而该方法的主观性强,误差较大,缺少对通信指标的客观分析。文献[6]提出了基于模糊层次分析法的综合评价方法,用于在低压集抄应用场景下对本地通信技术进行适应度评估,该方法一定程度降低了传统层次分析法的强主观性对综合评价结果的误差影响。文献[7]提出基于场景偏好的适配性评估算法,利用偏好度和熵权法分别计算评价指标的主、客观权重,有效避免评价过程中过于主观的问题,但缺乏考虑经济性,安全性等通信指标,难以适应实际应用环境。文献[8]提出一种三角模糊数层次分析法(triangular fuzzy numbers-analytic hierarchy process,TFN-AHP)算法,通过求解异构网络的属性权重和网络状态值,并且设计满足终端通信需求动态变化的网络切换机制,利用网络状态值选择通信方案并进行网络切换,然而忽视了单一的通信方式难以适应如今差异化业务的需求。
针对上述问题,现首先分析新型电力负荷管理业务差异化的通信需求,融合多种异构通信方式,构建一种含本地通信和远程通信的新型电力负荷管理系统通信架构,分析支撑该架构的关键技术。针对差异化业务与现代通信技术适配性差的问题,建立具有全面性、可扩展性的新型电力负荷管理系统通信指标体系,提出基于模糊层次分析法、融合熵权CRITIC法的主客观组合赋权模型,为差异化业务通信需求指标赋权,然后利用基于灰色关联逼近理想解排序法的最优选择策略为特定的电力业务选择最优的本地和远程通信技术,最后以4种差异化电力负荷管理业务为例,验证所提方法的有效性。
通信系统是新型电力负荷管理系统的核心组成部分,先进而完善的信息通信技术和标准化的协议为新型电力负荷管理系统提供重要的技术支持。现代通信技术能够适应新能源、储能、柔性负荷等多种电力资源的接入和调度,实现电力系统的智慧化运行,为电力系统的安全稳定运行、优化调度、智能管理提供重要保障。
传统的电力负荷管理系统通信网络架构研究往往针对单一通信技术展开适配分析,缺乏考虑在现代通信技术逐渐普及背景下,差异化、多样化电力业务对异构通信融合组网的需求。
构建了含本地通信与远程通信的新型电力负荷管理系统多域通信架构[9],结合新型电力系统业务通信需求,考虑从本地通信与远程通信上实现异构通信融合组网,提升电力业务承载能力,基于云边协同技术,节省网络成本,保证新能源的高效消纳,对负荷资源实现统一管理、精准调控,实现负荷精准控制等新型电力负荷管理[10]
图1为新型电力负荷管理系统多域通信网络架构示意图,该架构具有分层体系结构,即终端层、接入层、网络层、平台层和业务层,并提供安全可靠的通信协议。终端层主要由智能终端和各类负荷资源组成,包括智能传感器、智能电表、分布式光伏、电动汽车、工业负荷等。智能终端对各类负荷资源状态进行实时感知,完成对负荷资源的数据采集与状态监测,并将数据上传。此外终端层还包括边缘计算和边缘代理功能。
接入层由RS485、HPLC、WiFi、LoRa、蓝牙等本地通信技术组成,向下采用多种通信规约与终端设备建立通信连接,并设有接入安全防火墙,保障终端数据上传与平台业务指令下发的安全。向上则与多种通信方式融合组网,协同完成业务数据的上传与转发,因此需要在接入层完成对负荷终端的统一接入。
网络层由无线专网、无线公网、光纤专网、中压电力线载波通信等远程通信技术组成,主要实现新型电力负荷管理系统中各类信息在平台层与接入层间的广域范围内的传输,并设有网络防火墙,保障远程数据传输安全。
平台层作为负荷信息管理中心和控制中心,由新型电力负荷管理系统管理信息大区和生产控制大区组成。平台层基于人工智能、大数据等技术通过软件平台实现对负荷数据的集中存储、分析和处理,并进行智能化决策、控制和服务,利用云边协同实现资源的高效利用。
业务层由差异化新型电力负荷管理系统业务组成,包括精准负荷控制、移动巡检等。业务层负责向平台层传递具体业务需求,以供平台层对上传的负荷信息进行处理,并对终端层的智能感知设备发送控制指令。
传统电力负荷管理系统的单一通信网络技术逐渐难以承载差异化、多样化的电力业务,而新型电力负荷管理系统在网络层与接入层分别采用远程通信与本地通信技术共同承载电力业务,提供多样化通信服务。针对本地、远程通信技术存在异构性的问题,新型电力负荷管理系统采用异构通信网络融合以实现本地和远程异构通信技术之间的有机融合[11]、高效互联,充分利用不同网络特性以保障电力业务通信的服务质量。
新型电力系统中大规模新能源并网,造成负荷管理系统云平台数据处理压力大、负荷资源响应不及时、服务质量差等问题。边缘计算技术通过在靠近边缘数据源的区域建立具备存储、计算等核心能力的开放平台,为新型电力负荷管理系统实现边缘智能化服务,使差异化负荷管理业务能够本地操作,缓解了云平台数据处理的压力[12]
相比传统的负荷管理系统,基于云边协同的新型电力负荷管理系统具有低延迟、带宽占用少的优势[13],提高负载资源的响应速度的同时节省网络部署成本,实现了需求侧资源的充分利用,保障新能源的高效消纳,提高了能源利用的整体效率。
随着新型电力系统建设的不断推进,新型负荷管理业务的不断涌现对业务通信传输的可靠性、安全性等提出了更高的要求。
控制类业务是通过通信网络和控制设备,对电力系统进行实时监测、控制和优化的关键业务,旨在确保电力系统安全稳定运行和经济高效运行。新型电力负荷管理系统控制类业务主要包含分布式配电自动化、精准负荷控制、分布式能源调控等。控制类业务需要及时响应电力系统的运行变化,实现对电力系统的实时平衡和控制,避免出现频率偏差、电压偏差等异常情况;需要保证通信网络和控制设备的高可靠性,防止因通信故障或控制故障导致电力系统的失控或误控,造成电力系统的不稳定或事故;需要保证通信网络和控制设备的安全性,防止因通信网络或控制设备的被攻击或篡改,导致电力系统的信息泄露或控制失效,影响电力系统的安全性。因此,新型电力负荷管理系统控制类业务对通信的实时性、可靠性、安全性提出较高要求。
采集类业务为新型电力负荷管理系统提供终端设备数据,是新型电力负荷管理系统实现对分布式能源和可控负荷终端监测和调控的基础类业务。该类业务主要包括设备状态检测、用电信息采集、故障检测与诊断等。随着新型电力系统深入建设,采集终端设备爆发式增加,需要考虑通信技术的部署成本;大规模的分布式可再生能源并网加大通信设备部署难度,大范围的分布式采集设备也对通信技术的传输距离与可靠性提出更高的要求[14]
服务类业务通过通信网络和智能设备,对电力系统的分布式能源、储能设备、可调度负荷等进行集中调控和整合,以及通过实时电价的传递,反映电力系统的供需状况和运行成本,激励分布式能源的主动参与和合理调度,协调电网公司、虚拟电厂聚合商、负荷主体之间的电能分配,改善电力供需形势,降低电力系统的运行风险。新型电力负荷管理系统服务类业务主要包括电力市场交易、现货采集、出清及交易等,通过将发电侧与用户侧接入对象纳入负荷管理系统中,实现对两方面终端的控制以及完成新型电力负荷管理系统全链条的用户交易。因为该类业务涉及实时的电力价格和电量信息的传输和反馈,通信网络时延要求较高,以保证业务的快速响应和实时控制。为防止电力市场交易数据和信息被窃取、篡改或破坏,承载该业务的通信技术应具有高度的安全防护能力。此外,以支持不同地域和区域之间进行电力市场数据传输和信息共享,该类业务对通信网络传输距离要求较高。
为准确描述新型电力负荷管理系统通信业务需求与通信技术性能,考虑选取典型的6个影响业务与通信技术适配性的因素,以此构建新型电力负荷管理系统业务与通信技术适配性评价体系[15],如图2所示。该体系基于层次分析法[16],分为目标层、指标层、方案层。目标层为某种负荷管理业务与通信技术的适配性评价;指标层为反映业务需求与通信技术性能的影响因素;方案层为备选的本地与远程通信技术。
确定指标权重的方法主要有两种:主观赋权和客观赋权。主观赋权依靠决策者或专家的主观经验来确定评价指标的权重。但该方法会受到决策者知识结构、工作经验、偏好等多种因素的影响,可能无法充分体现风险评价指标的重要性。客观赋权根据指标提供的辨别性信息量及其相互关系确定风险评价指标的权重。但这种方法可能忽视了专家学者的丰富经验,结果不一定符合实际情况,对样本的依赖性较强。
与主客观赋权相比,组合赋权能够综合整合各评价指标的主客观权重,反映指标的客观信息和评价者的主观判断,因此能够正确反映各指标的实际权重。
在适配性评价体系基础上综合运用了模糊层次分析法和融合熵权CRITIC法来对通信指标赋权,兼顾主观和客观因素。新型电力负荷管理系统通信适配性主客观组合赋权模型如图3所示。
层次分析法是一种广泛应用于多指标决策问题的决策工具,其基本步步骤包括:建立层次结构;构造判断矩阵;权重系数的计算;判断矩阵一致性检验。层次分析法的关键步骤为通过专家对比两两指标间的相对重要性所给出的意见来构建判断矩阵。
层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process,AHP)进行决策分析时依赖于专家评价,而这种主观评价主要特征为模糊性和不确定性。传统的层次分析法使用一个精确的值来表述决策者在比较方案中的意见,没有考虑个人判断的模糊性,不能真正反映人类的思维方式。而模糊层次分析法(fuzzy analytic hierarchy process,FAHP)正是考虑到了处理指标两两比较过程中固有的不确定性和不精确性,在传统层次分析法的基础上引入模糊理论。模糊理论将原本的精确值判断问题转化为区间值判断问题,大大降低了判断误差。
利用模糊层次分析法给适配性评价体系指标赋权的步骤如下。
步骤1 建立判断矩阵。
通过专家和相关从业人员依据三角模糊标度表(如表1所示)对所选的通信指标进行两两重要程度打分,从而建立模糊判断矩阵${\stackrel{~}{A}}^{k}$,该矩阵元素由三角模糊数${\stackrel{~}{a}}_{ij}^{k}$=(lij,mij,uij)构成,其中${\stackrel{~}{a}}_{ji}^{k}$=$({\stackrel{~}{a}}_{ij}^{k}{)}^{-1}$=(1/uij,1/mij,1/lij)。例如专家认为指标C1C2弱重要,则对应的判断矩阵元素${\stackrel{~}{a}}_{12}^{k}$取三角模糊数(2,3,4),判断矩阵元素${\stackrel{~}{a}}_{21}^{k}$则采用三角模糊数(1/4,1/3,1/2)表示。
$\begin{array}{l} \tilde{\boldsymbol{A}}^{k}=\left(\tilde{a^{k}}\right)_{n \times n}= \\ {\left[\begin{array}{cccc} (1,1,1) & \left(l_{12}, m_{12}, u_{12}\right) & \cdots & \left(l_{1 n}, m_{1 n}, u_{1 n}\right) \\ \left(\frac{1}{u_{12}}, \frac{1}{m_{12}}, \frac{1}{l_{12}}\right) & (1,1,1) & \cdots & \left(l_{2 n}, m_{2 n}, u_{2 n}\right) \\ \vdots & \vdots & & \vdots \\ \left(\frac{1}{u_{n 1}}, \frac{1}{m_{n 1}}, \frac{1}{l_{n 1}}\right) & \left(\frac{1}{u_{n 2}}, \frac{1}{m_{n 2}}, \frac{1}{l_{n 2}}\right) & \cdots & (1,1,1) \end{array}\right]} \end{array}$
式(1)中:i为指标编号,i=1,2,…,n;k为专家编号,k=1,2,…,K
对总共K个决策者的判断矩阵取平均值,更新决策矩阵得$\stackrel{~}{A}$
$\tilde{a}_{i j}=\frac{\sum_{k=1}^{K} \tilde{a}_{i j}^{k}}{K}$
$\tilde{\boldsymbol{A}}=\left(\tilde{a}_{i j}\right)_{n \times n}=\left(\frac{\sum_{k=1}^{K} \tilde{a}_{i j}^{k}}{K}\right)_{n \times n}$
步骤2 一致性检验。
对更新后的决策矩阵的三角模糊数元素取中值,构成中值矩阵m=(mij)n×n,计算矩阵m的最大特征值λmax,计算得一致性指标CI,查表可得随机一致性指标RI,当CI与RI的比值小于0.1,则一致性检验通过,否则不通过,需重新构造模糊判断矩阵。
步骤3 计算主观权重。
对于三角模糊数M1=(l1,m1,u1)与M2=(l2,m2,u2)遵循以下计算规则。
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{M}_{1}\oplus {M}_{2}=({l}_{1}+{l}_{2},{m}_{1}+{m}_{2},{u}_{1}+{u}_{2})\\ {M}_{1}\otimes {M}_{2}=({l}_{1}{l}_{2},{m}_{1}{m}_{2},{u}_{1}{u}_{2})\\ {M}_{1}^{-1}=({u}_{1}^{-1},{m}_{1}^{-1},{l}_{1}^{-1})\end{array}\right.$
根据式(5)和式(6)先后分别计算各指标模糊比较值的几何平均值${\stackrel{~}{r}}_{i}$和各指标的模糊权重${\stackrel{~}{w}}_{i}$
$\tilde{r}_{i}=\left(\prod_{j=1}^{n} \tilde{a}_{i j}\right)^{1 / n}$
$\begin{aligned} \tilde{w}_{i} & =\tilde{r}_{i} \otimes\left(\tilde{r}_{1} \oplus \tilde{r}_{2} \oplus \cdots \oplus \tilde{r}_{n}\right)^{-1} \\ & =\left(l w_{i}, m w_{i}, u w_{i}\right) \end{aligned}$
由于模糊权重由三角模糊数表示,需要对其按照式(7)进行反模糊化,表达式为
$M_{i}=\frac{l w_{i}+m w_{i}+u w_{i}}{3}$
最后对权重归一化即得各指标的主观权重,表达式为
$N_{i}=\frac{M_{i}}{\sum_{i=1}^{n} M_{i}}, i=1,2, \cdots, n$
客观赋权法是通过挖掘所选指标在全部备选方案中的波动性、信息量和冲突性等客观参考量来确定指标的客观权重。采用的CRITIC法是考虑指标数据波动性、冲突性的客观赋权法。波动性反映了一个评价指标在不同的备选方案中的差异性,波动性越大,该指标数据的差异性越大,在适配体系中越具有辨别能力,所以客观重要程度越大;冲突性反映了一个评价指标与其他指标之间的相关性,冲突性越小,则该指标与其他指标的相关性越大,当一个指标具备其他指标对适配体系相似的影响效果,说明该指标的客观重要程度越小。此外,波动性是体现指标数据本身的客观属性,冲突性是体现指标数据间的客观属性。
CRITIC法具体计算步骤如下。
步骤1 构建评价矩阵与标准化。
由适配体系中方案层的m个备选方案和指标层的n个指标构造m×n的原始评价矩阵X
X=$\left[\begin{array}{llll}{x}_{11}& {x}_{12}& \dots & {x}_{1n}\\ {x}_{21}& {x}_{22}& \dots & {x}_{2n}\\ ︙& ︙&  & ︙\\ {x}_{m1}& {x}_{m2}& \dots & {x}_{mn}\end{array}\right]$
式(9)中:xij为第i个备选方案在第j项指标的表现数据,i=1,2,…,m,j=1,2,…,n
根据各指标性能表现对适配结果的影响,可将指标分为效益型和成本型指标。效益型指标的指标数值与其对适配结果影响的效果成正比,成本型指标反之。数据标准化的目的是指标同向化,使不同指标对结果的影响效果相同。
对于效益型指标进行处理,表达式为
x'ij=$\frac{{x}_{ij}-min\left({x}_{j}\right)}{max\left({x}_{j}\right)-min\left({x}_{j}\right)}$
对于成本型指标进行处理,表达式为
x'ij=$\frac{min\left({x}_{j}\right)-{x}_{ij}}{max\left({x}_{j}\right)-min\left({x}_{j}\right)}$
得到标准化过后的标准评价矩阵X',表达式为
X'=$\left[\begin{array}{llll}x{\text{'}}_{11}& x{\text{'}}_{12}& \dots & x{\text{'}}_{1n}\\ x{\text{'}}_{21}& x{\text{'}}_{22}& \dots & x{\text{'}}_{2n}\\ ︙& ︙&  & ︙\\ x{\text{'}}_{m1}& x{\text{'}}_{m2}& \dots & x{\text{'}}_{mn}\end{array}\right]$
步骤2 计算客观权重。
CRITIC法所考虑的波动性和冲突性分别用标准差和相关系数表示。指标数据的标准差越大,波动性越大,权重越高;指标间的相关系数越小,冲突性越大,权重越大。标准评价矩阵X'的各指标数据的标准差与指标间的相关系数计算公式如下。
σj=$\sqrt{\frac{\sum _{i=1}^{m}(x{\text{'}}_{ij}-{\stackrel{-}{x}}_{j}{)}^{2}}{m}}$
rij=cov(X'i,X'j)/(σi,σj)
式中:σj为第j个指标数据的标准差;${\stackrel{-}{x}}_{j}$为第j个指标数据的均值;rij为第i个评价指标与第j个评价指标的相关系数;X'iX'j分别为标准评价矩阵X'的第i行和第j行。
由指标数据的标准差与指标之间的相关系数,定义每个指标的波动性与冲突性的信息承载量Cj,如式(15)所示。Cj越大,表示第j个指标的波动性与冲突性的综合信息承载量越大,相对重要程度越高。最后根据式(16)计算得第j个指标的CRITIC客观权重${w}_{j}^{c}$
Cj=σj$\sum _{i=1}^{m}$(1-rij)
$w_{j}^{c}=\frac{C_{j}}{\sum_{j=1}^{n} C_{j}}=\frac{\sigma_{j} \sum_{i=1}^{m}\left(1-r_{i j}\right)}{\sum_{j=1}^{n}\left[\sigma_{j} \sum_{i=1}^{m}\left(1-r_{i j}\right)\right]}$
作为一种客观赋权法,CRITIC考虑了指标数据本身的波动性和指标数据间的相关性,但未考虑到数据本身信息量的大小也可作为影响权重的因素。熵权法(entropy weight method,EWM)正是运用物理上的熵值原理,根据数据携带的信息量的大小进行权重计算。熵值是一种信息不确定性的度量。数据信息量越大,不确定性越小,熵值越小;反之,信息量越大,不确定性越大,熵值越大。引进熵权法对CRITIC法进行改进,使得改进后的CRITIC法综合考虑指标数据的波动性、冲突性和信息量等客观因素,改进过程如下。
计算熵值,首先根据式(17)对标准评价矩阵X'进行归一化处理,计算得到第i个评价对象的第j个评价指标所占比重pij,公式为
pij=xij$/\sum _{i=1}^{m}{x}_{ij}$
根据式(18)计算第j个评价指标的熵值,计算公式为
ej=-k$\sum _{i=1}^{m}$(pijlnpij)
式(18)中:k=1/lnm,m为评价对象的个数。
将熵值作为参考因素加入CRITIC赋权法的权重计算公式中,改进后的客观赋权公式为
wj=$\frac{(1-{e}_{j}+{\sigma }_{j})\sum _{i=1}^{m}(1-{r}_{ij})}{\sum _{j=1}^{n}[(1-{e}_{j}+{\sigma }_{j})\sum _{i=1}^{m}(1-{r}_{ij}\left)\right]}$
式(19)中:(1-ej)为第j个指标所含信息量。
由于FAHP赋权法具有不可消除的主观性,忽视客观信息。而融合熵权CRITIC客观赋权法具有样本依赖性,忽视主观偏向。主客观组合赋权能够综合考虑到主客观因素,削弱两者局限性。组合赋权公式为
Wj=$\frac{{N}_{j}{w}_{j}}{\sum _{j=1}^{n}{N}_{j}{w}_{j}}$
n个指标的组合权重向量为W=(W1,W2,…,Wn)。
考虑到如带宽等大跨度型指标在适配性评估中数值变化对评估结果影响偏大;如误码率等低区分度型指标在适配性评估中数值变化对评估结果影响偏小。所以为满足适配性评估需求,将大跨度型指标与低区分度型指标映射到合理区间,映射公式为
f(x)=$\left|lgx\right|$
式(21)中:x为大跨度型指标或低区分度型指标的原始数值;f(x)为合理映射处理后的数值。预处理过后的数据都保持在相对合理的区间,为后续适配性评估做准备。
逼近理想解排序法(technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution,TOPSIS)主要利用备选方案的数据信息,精确地反映其间的优劣差距。其实现的基本原理为通过计算备选方案分别与正理想解、负理想解之间的欧式距离来进行排序。正理想解选取最大化效益指标和最小化成本指标,而负理想解选择最大化成本指标和最小化效益指标。该方法在多指标决策分析中应用广泛,操作性强,决策结果客观全面。但该方法存在对异常值敏感的问题,如果数据中存在离群值,可能会影响结果的准确性。
灰色关联分析法(grey relation analysis,GRA)是一种通过计算子序列与母序列之间的灰色关联度来进行排序比较的多因素统计分析法。由于对不确定信息的处理能力,GRA能够对数据中的异常值相对较为鲁棒,不容易受到极端值的影响,但母序列的选取存在主观性强的问题。
因此现提出将GRA与TOPSIS两种方法相结合,用TOPSIS法产生GRA法的母序列,对两个排序方法寻求基于最小信息熵原理的混合距离,进而求取混合贴近度以排序决策。改进后的排序方法所得决策结果更稳定可靠。基于GRA-TOPSIS的排序决策方法的具体步骤如下。
步骤1 构造加权决策矩阵。
对由m个通信技术备选方案和n个通信需求指标构成的原始决策矩阵X=(xij)m×n进行规范化。计算公式为
zij=xij$/\sqrt{\sum _{i=1}^{m}{x}_{ij}^{2}}$
式(22)中:i=1,2,…,m;j=1,2,…,n;zij为规范化后的决策矩阵元素。
对规范后的决策矩阵进行加权,权值为计算得到的综合权重,得到加权决策矩阵V=(vij)m×n。计算公式为
vij=Wjzij
步骤2 确定正负理想解。
根据式(24)、式(25)计算决策目标正理想解A+和负理想解A-。计算公式如下。
A+=($A^{+}=\left(v_{1}^{+}, v_{2}^{+}, \cdots, v_{n}^{+}\right)$
$A^{-}=\left(v_{1}^{-}, v_{2}^{-}, \cdots, v_{n}^{-}\right)$
式中:对于效益型指标,${v}_{j}^{+}$=max{v1j,v2j,…,vmj},${v}_{j}^{-}$=min{v1j,v2j,…,vmj};对于成本型指标,${v}_{j}^{+}$=min{v1j,v2j,…,vmj},${v}_{j}^{-}$=max{v1j,v2j,…,vmj}。
步骤3 计算各备选对方案到正理想解、负理想解的欧式距离。
根据式(26)、式(27)计算备选方案到最优向量的欧式距离Di+和到最差向量的欧式距离${D}_{i}^{-}$。计算公式如下。
${D}_{i}^{+}$=$\sqrt{\sum _{j=1}^{n}({v}_{ij}-{v}_{j}^{+}{)}^{2}}$
${D}_{i}^{-}$=$\sqrt{\sum _{j=1}^{n}({v}_{ij}-{v}_{j}^{-}{)}^{2}}$
由TOPSIS法得到的正理想解A+和负理想解A-作为GRA法的母序列,通过式(28)计算得到各备选方案与正负理想解间的灰色关联度${G}_{i}^{\mp }$
${G}_{i}^{\mp }$=$\frac{\sum _{j=1}^{n}{r}_{ij}^{\mp }}{n}$
${r}_{ij}^{\mp }$=$\frac{\underset{1\le i\le m}{min}\underset{1\le j\le n}{min}\left|{v}_{j}^{\mp }-{v}_{ij}\right|+\rho \underset{1\le i\le m}{max}\underset{1\le j\le n}{max}\left|{v}_{j}^{\mp }-{v}_{ij}\right|}{\left|{v}_{j}^{\mp }-{v}_{ij}\right|+\rho \underset{1\le i\le m}{max}\underset{1\le j\le n}{max}\left|{v}_{j}^{\mp }-{v}_{ij}\right|}$
式中:vij为加权决策矩阵V的元素;${v}_{ij}^{\mp }$为选用TOPSIS方法的正理想解A+和负理想解A-的元素;ρ为分辨率因子,通常设为0.5。
步骤1 计算混合距离${H}_{i}^{\mp }$
混合距离的计算采用基于最小信息熵原理的优化模型,优化目标函数为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}min{Z}_{i}^{\mp }=\sum _{i=1}^{m}\alpha {H}_{i}^{\mp }ln\left[\frac{{H}_{i}^{\mp }}{nrm\left({D}_{i}^{\mp }\right)}\right]+\\     \sum _{i=1}^{m}(1-\alpha){H}_{i}^{\mp }ln\left[\frac{{H}_{i}^{\mp }}{nrm\left({G}_{i}^{\mp }\right)}\right]\\ s.t.\sum _{i=1}^{m}{H}_{i}^{\mp }=\mathrm{1,0}\le {H}_{i}^{\mp }\le 1,\alpha =0.5\end{array}\right.$
应用拉格朗日乘子法得
${H}_{i}^{\mp }$=$\frac{({G}_{i}^{\mp }{D}_{i}^{\mp }{)}^{1/2}}{\sum _{i=1}^{n}({G}_{i}^{\mp }{D}_{i}^{\mp }{)}^{1/2}}$
步骤2 计算混合接近度。
根据式(32)计算第i个备选方案到理想解的相对混合贴近度Scorei,按照从高到低的顺序排序即可得各备选方案的优劣,贴近度越高,适配性越好。
Scorei=$\frac{{H}_{i}^{-}}{{H}_{i}^{+}+{H}_{i}^{-}}$
为体现业务差异化,选取对通信需求明显不同的4个业务场景进行通信技术适配,分别为精准负荷控制、用电信息采集、负荷管理终端监控和电力市场交易。基于构建的新型电力负荷管理系统业务与通信技术适配性评价体系,利用MATLAB2020a软件实现适配算法,对4种差异化业务分别进行远程与本地通信技术适配决策,最后分析总结了所提业务的通信技术适配结果。
依据业务与通信技术适配性体系,考察大量文献[17-20]得到表2所示的远程与本地通信技术性能指标数据,从时延、带宽、误码率、安全性、成本、传输距离等指标维度量化通信技术的性能,其中用百分制打分来量化网络安全和成本等通信指标。
基于模糊层次分析法,依据表1和式(1)~式(8),专家打分得到模糊判断矩阵,检验一致性后计算4种具有差异化需求的电力业务通信指标主观权重,结果如表3所示。
基于融合熵权CRITIC法,依据表2和式(9)~式(19),将原始评价矩阵标准化后,计算标准差、相关系数、熵值分别作为考量指标冲突性、波动性、信息量的依据,最后将三者综合考虑给各指标赋予客观权重。客观权重向量为ε=(0.235,0.131,0.135,0.142,0.185,0.172)。
根据式(20)将客观权重与各电力业务通信指标主观权重组合,得到组合权重,如表4所示。
表4可知,精准负荷控制业务的通信需求指标组合权重排名前三的是:安全性、时延、误码率。用电信息采集业务的通信需求指标组合权重排名前三的是:误码率、成本、传输距离。负荷管理终端监控业务的通信需求指标组合权重排名前三的是:带宽、成本、安全性。电力市场交易业务的通信需求指标组合权重排名前三的是:安全性、传输距离、时延。
精准负荷控制业务需要通信内容不被未经授权的访问、篡改或窃取,确保负荷控制指令快速传达,与准确性,因此通信技术的安全性、时延、误码率被赋予更高优先级。用电信息采集业务作为基础类业务需要保障采集信息的准确性,大规模,大范围的采集设备需要部署,使得承载该业务的通信技术的误码率、传输距离、成本被赋予更高的优先级。负荷管理终端监控业务需要传输大量涉及敏感的视频图像信息,这对通信带宽与安全性提出较高要求;以及高性能网络基础设施的部署使得该业务对通信成本要求较高。电力市场交易业务涉及分布不同地理位置的电力市场主体,需要传输大量保密的市场交易数据,同时需要实时地响应市场变化,为保障电力市场的高效运行,承载该业务的通信技术需要具备高安全性,较远传输距离与低时延的特性。
综上,主客观组合赋权得到的权值与差异化业务的通信需求相吻合,证明了所提组合赋权法的有效性。
基于灰色关联-逼近理想解排序法(GRA-TOPSIS),对差异化业务分别进行远程通信技术与本地通信技术的适配分析。
以精准负荷控制业务为例,根据表2,将对带宽、误码率进行数据预处理后的远程通信技术性能指标数据构成初始决策矩阵。由式(22)和式(23)和精准负荷控制组合权重得到加权规范决策矩阵。根据式(24)~式(31)计算各远程通信技术到正负理想解的混合距离,最后计算所得混合贴近度越高说明业务与远程通信技术的适配性越好。
进行本地通信技术适配时,由数据预处理后的本地通信技术性能指标数据构成初始决策矩阵,重复相同的决策排序步骤即可得到精准负荷控制业务与本地通信技术适配结果。
图4图5分别为各业务与远程、本地通信技术进行适配的混合贴近度结果。
对于精准负荷控制业务,最优适配的远程通信技术为光纤专网,其实时性好、可靠性与安全性极高,为精准负荷控制业务提供相对更加安全,可靠的通信服务,其次是无线专网。无线公网由于安全性、误码率、时延在4种远程通信技术中综合表现最差,与精准负荷控制业务的适配性最低。
最优适配的本地通信技术为RS485,其抗干扰能力强,实时性、可靠性、安全性相对较高,与精准负荷控制业务需求相匹配。其次为高速电力线载波(high-speed power line communication,HPLC)。LoRa由于在时延、误码率、安全性等方面的表现较差,与该业务的适配性最低。
对于用电信息采集业务,最优适配的远程通信技术为无线公网,符合采集类业务大部分采用无线公网通信方式的现状。无线公网成本低,部署方便,传输速率较快,误码率较低,符合用电信息采集业务通信需求。次优适配的远程通信技术为无线专网,相比无线专网,其安全性更高,但成本也较高,随着新型电力负荷管理系统建设的深入推进,对数据传输的安全性方面提出更高要求,无线专网也可为用电信息采集业务提供更加安全的通信通道。适配性最低的远程通信技术为光纤通信,由于其施工与改造成本较高,不适合大规模部署。
最优适配的本地通信技术为高速电力线载波(HPLC),相对窄带载波信息传输,其传输频带宽、速率高;不易受干扰,误码率低;传输距离远并且不用额外布线,大大降低建设与运维成本。次优适配的本地通信技术为RS485。适配性最低的是WiFi。
对于负荷管理终端监控业务,由于需要将采集到的数据与视频信息上传,该业务对通信带宽需求较大。最优适配的远程通信技术为无线专网,在带宽、安全性、成本方面有相对更优的综合表现,保障终端监控业务视频信息与电力数据安全快速地上传,较大传输距离满足业务广域范围内的覆盖需求。次优适配的通信技术为无线公网,高带宽与低成本的特性也能为负荷管理终端监控业务提供相对便捷与高速的通道。
最优适配的本地通信技术为WiFi,该技术具有带宽大、实时性好、高可靠性、较高安全性和较低成本的特点,与负荷管理终端监控业务的性能需求相匹配。次优适配的本地通信技术为蓝牙技术。虽然LoRa在安全性、成本等方面具有良好的表现,但是带宽不足的问题使得技术难以承载该业务。
对于电力市场交易业务,最优适配的远程通信技术为光纤专网,其次是无线专网,两者在安全性、时延和传输距离方面具有较优的综合性能。而无线公网和中压电力线载波在安全性、时延等性能较差,与该业务适配性较低。
最优适配的本地通信技术为HPLC,其次为RS485,两者提供了高可靠性、低时延、远距离传输和高安全性的通信通道,能够满足电力市场交易业务的通信需求。而LoRa、蓝牙和WiFi等本地通信技术在时延、安全性、传输距离的综合性能不足导致与该业务的适配性较低。
通过4种差异化业务进行通信技术适配性研究,得到通信技术适配顺序完全符合电力管理负荷业务通信组网的现况,证实所提通信技术适配算法的可行性。
针对新型电力负荷管理系统通信方式单一以及业务与通信技术适配性差等问题,提出了含本地通信和远程通信的新型电力负荷管理系统多域通信架构。在新型电力负荷管理系统业务与通信技术适配性评价体系的基础上,利用所提的主客观组合赋权法为评价体系指标赋权。最后,基于GRA-TOPSIS法为差异化业务与本地、远程通信技术进行适配性分析。实验结果表明,所提架构与适配算法为新型电力负荷管理系统业务进行多域通信技术的选择提供了理论基础和解决方案。
  • 国家电网公司总部科技项目(5108-202218280A-2-384-XG)
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2025年第25卷第5期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309885
  • 接收时间:2023-12-14
  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
  • 出版时间:2025-02-18
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-14
  • 修回日期:2024-11-14
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国家电网公司总部科技项目(5108-202218280A-2-384-XG)
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    中国电力科学研究院信息通信研究所, 南京 210000

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*卜宪德(1978—),男,汉族,江苏徐州人,博士,正高级工程师。研究方向:电力物联网及多媒体通信技术。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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种数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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