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As an innovative new method of natural gas hydrate extraction, the recovery of hydrate particles determines the efficiency of this method and is one of the key technical links. However, due to the limited hydraulic suction, the recovery rate of hydrate particles is low. Therefore, in order to improve the recovery performance of hydrate particles, a double jet recovery scheme was innovatively proposed. In order to explore the efficiency of solid particle recovery under different working conditions, experimental research was carried out, and the recovery flow field and particle recovery rate were studied by numerical simulation. The results show that with the increase in the distance between the front-end jetting and the recovery hole (l1) and the distance between the back-end jetting and the recovery hole (l2), the flow field effect between the double jets weakens, resulting in the particle deposition phenomenon becoming more obvious and the number of sand piles changing from 2 to 3. When the distance between the back-end jetting and the recovery hole (l2) is 300 mm, the particle recovery increases first and then decreases with the increase in the distance between the front-end jetting and the recovery hole (l1). When l1 = 300 mm, the recovery increases first and then decreases with the increase of l2. The results further enrich the mechanism of hydrate mining and help optimize the design of mining tools.

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钟林(1985—),男,汉族,河南南阳人,博士,高级实验师。研究方向:天然气水合物固态流化开采技术装备。E-mail:

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钟林(1985—),男,汉族,河南南阳人,博士,高级实验师。研究方向:天然气水合物固态流化开采技术装备。E-mail:

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钟林(1985—),男,汉族,河南南阳人,博士,高级实验师。研究方向:天然气水合物固态流化开采技术装备。E-mail:

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The specific parameters of the experimental device for particle recovery with double jets

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编号 l1/mm l2 /mm 流量/
(m3·h-1)
颗粒
尺寸/μm
1 100 100 10.2 850
2 100 300 10.2 850
3 100 600 10.2 850
4 300 100 10.2 850
5 300 300 10.2 850
6 300 600 10.2 850
7 600 100 10.2 850
8 600 300 10.2 850
9 600 600 10.2 850
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双射流回收颗粒实验装置具体参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 l1/mm l2 /mm 流量/
(m3·h-1)
颗粒
尺寸/μm
1 100 100 10.2 850
2 100 300 10.2 850
3 100 600 10.2 850
4 300 100 10.2 850
5 300 300 10.2 850
6 300 600 10.2 850
7 600 100 10.2 850
8 600 300 10.2 850
9 600 600 10.2 850
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The parameters of the model structure

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
采掘腔直径R/mm 400
前后喷嘴直径d1d2/mm 5
采掘腔总长度L/mm 2 000
井下工具直径r/mm 100
回收孔直径k/mm 15
l1/mm 100 ~ 900
l2/mm 100 ~ 900
颗粒直径D/mm 0.1
颗粒密度ρ/(kg·m-3) 1 300
), ArticleFig(id=1225467191341007531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983787444855013, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

模型结构参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
采掘腔直径R/mm 400
前后喷嘴直径d1d2/mm 5
采掘腔总长度L/mm 2 000
井下工具直径r/mm 100
回收孔直径k/mm 15
l1/mm 100 ~ 900
l2/mm 100 ~ 900
颗粒直径D/mm 0.1
颗粒密度ρ/(kg·m-3) 1 300
), ArticleFig(id=1225467191588471490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983787444855013, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The parameters of grid validation model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
l1/mm 300
l2/mm 300
颗粒直径D/mm 0.1
颗粒密度ρ/(kg·m-3) 1 300
), ArticleFig(id=1225467191835935440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983787444855013, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

网格验证模型参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
l1/mm 300
l2/mm 300
颗粒直径D/mm 0.1
颗粒密度ρ/(kg·m-3) 1 300
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固态流化双射流开采天然气水合物颗粒回收
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钟林 1, 2 , 张文超 1, 2 , 王国荣 1, 2 , 张林锋 1, 2 , 王党飞 1, 2 , 余兴勇 1, 2
科学技术与工程 | 论文·石油、天然气工业 2025,25(5): 1878-1886
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·石油、天然气工业 2025, 25(5): 1878-1886
固态流化双射流开采天然气水合物颗粒回收
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钟林1, 2 , 张文超1, 2, 王国荣1, 2, 张林锋1, 2, 王党飞1, 2, 余兴勇1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 西南石油大学机电工程学院, 成都 610500
  • 2 西南石油大学能源装备研究院, 成都 610500
  • 钟林(1985—),男,汉族,河南南阳人,博士,高级实验师。研究方向:天然气水合物固态流化开采技术装备。E-mail:

Recovery of Gas Hydrate Particles with Double Jet Extraction in Solid Fluidization Exploitation
Lin ZHONG1, 2 , Wen-chao ZHANG1, 2, Guo-rong WANG1, 2, Lin-feng ZHANG1, 2, Dang-fei WANG1, 2, Xing-yong YU1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Mechatronic Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
  • 2 Energy Equipment Institute, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
出版时间: 2025-02-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402117
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固体流态化开采作为一种创新性天然气水合物开采新方法,其中水合物颗粒回收决定了该方法的开采效率,是其关键技术环节之一。现有工艺中均采用单射流破碎开采,但由于其水力吸力有限,导致水合物颗粒回收率低,因此为了提高颗粒的回收性能,创新性地提出了双射流回收方案。探究了不同工作条件下的固体颗粒回收效率,同时采用数值模拟方法研究回收流场和颗粒回收率。结果表明:随着前端射流与回收孔距离(l1)和后端射流与回收孔的距离(l2)增加,双射流之间的流场效果减弱导致颗粒沉积现象愈发明显,砂堆的数量从2个转变为3个;当后端射流与回收孔的距离(l2)为300 mm时,随着前端射流与回收孔距离(l1)的增大导致颗粒回收率先增大后减小;当l1=300 mm时,随着l2的增大导致回收率先增大后减小。研究结果进一步丰富了水合物开采机理,有助于优化开采工具的设计。
天然气水合物  /  固态流化  /  双射流  /  颗粒回收率  /  DDPM模型

As an innovative new method of natural gas hydrate extraction, the recovery of hydrate particles determines the efficiency of this method and is one of the key technical links. However, due to the limited hydraulic suction, the recovery rate of hydrate particles is low. Therefore, in order to improve the recovery performance of hydrate particles, a double jet recovery scheme was innovatively proposed. In order to explore the efficiency of solid particle recovery under different working conditions, experimental research was carried out, and the recovery flow field and particle recovery rate were studied by numerical simulation. The results show that with the increase in the distance between the front-end jetting and the recovery hole (l1) and the distance between the back-end jetting and the recovery hole (l2), the flow field effect between the double jets weakens, resulting in the particle deposition phenomenon becoming more obvious and the number of sand piles changing from 2 to 3. When the distance between the back-end jetting and the recovery hole (l2) is 300 mm, the particle recovery increases first and then decreases with the increase in the distance between the front-end jetting and the recovery hole (l1). When l1 = 300 mm, the recovery increases first and then decreases with the increase of l2. The results further enrich the mechanism of hydrate mining and help optimize the design of mining tools.

natural gas hydrate  /  solid fluidization exploitation  /  double jet  /  particle recovery  /  DDPM model
钟林, 张文超, 王国荣, 张林锋, 王党飞, 余兴勇. 固态流化双射流开采天然气水合物颗粒回收. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (5) : 1878 -1886 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402117
Lin ZHONG, Wen-chao ZHANG, Guo-rong WANG, Lin-feng ZHANG, Dang-fei WANG, Xing-yong YU. Recovery of Gas Hydrate Particles with Double Jet Extraction in Solid Fluidization Exploitation[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (5) : 1878 -1886 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402117
天然气水合物(natural gas hydrate, NGH)是甲烷和水分子在高压低温下形成的冰状固体化合物[1-2],每立方米天然气水合物分解可获得平均165 m3的甲烷气体,据估算全球的总储量中碳含量约为其他化石能源的两倍,主要分布于冻土和海洋中,其中海洋水合物储量占总储量的97%,极具开发前景[3-5]。目前主流的开采方式有降压、热激法和化学试剂注入法等[6-10],这些方法旨在通过破坏相平衡来促进天然气水合物分解,然后进行天然气回收。在使用这些方法的开采过程中,由于井下压力和温度的变化,水合物的分解是不可预测的,同时由于出砂量的急剧增加和除砂能力的迅速下降会导致井筒堵塞、储层坍塌、水下滑坡等自然灾害[11-13]。为避免上述开采风险,周守为等[14]于2014年针对位于深水浅层的天然气水合物储层提出了固态流态化开采方法。该方法已成功应用于2017年南海天然气水合物试勘探[15]。该方法的原理是利用水射流粉碎水合物储层,形成混合浆体,其中有大量含水合物的颗粒和砂石,然后通过就地回收、分离、回填、提升混合料浆等环节[16]。在回收环节中被射流破碎的水合物颗粒的回收效果直接影响天然气的产量,也决定着水合物提取过程的效率。
在深海采矿及清淤疏浚等水利工程中,通常采用水力抽吸进行清沙,在天然气水合物固态流态化开采中,射流破碎后的混合矿浆就是采用该技术回收[17]。王广申[18]对单次喷射下的回收工具参数进行了优化,提高了颗粒的回收性能。研究结果表明,在相同的总回收端口面积下,小回收端口的吸力冲击优于大回收端口。杨浦等[19]采用数值模拟方法研究颗粒输运规律,通过建立冲刷孔底部剪应力平衡模型,研究垂直方向的吸力。Wang等[20]利用单射流研究了在不同采掘腔壁面形貌对水合物回收率的影响。综上所述,单射流的作用机理虽然简单且有效,但存在水力吸力较小等问题,会导致大量颗粒沿壁面向底部运移,进而影响回收效率。因此提出了一种新型的双射流颗粒回收方法,该方法中前端射流破坏水合物储层,后端射流抬升颗粒帮助颗粒回收,这主要是利用前后射流相交处会形成负压,有利于水力抽吸,提高回收率的作用,而前后射流间距对负压的形成至关重要,所以如何选择合适的前后射流间距(l1l2)也是重点研究内容。
现首先研究固体颗粒在不同距离上的沉积现象,并将仿真结果与实验结果进行对比,验证数值模型的准确性,然后采用稠密颗粒流模型(dense discrete phase model,DDPM)对回收流场和颗粒回收率进行深入研究,以期进一步丰富水合物开采机理,有助于优化开采工具的设计。
为探究固态流化采掘腔内双射流对水合物颗粒回收率的影响,设计了一套实验装置,如图1图2所示。该装置由混料罐、离心泵、实验槽、回收槽、流量计和若干阀组成。实验中依靠混料罐内的搅拌机将固相和液相均匀混合,利用离心泵为整个实验平台提供动力,通过流量计、阀门等来调节实验流量。由于在实验室中制备真正的水合物的成本昂贵,因此无法进行真正的水合物回收测试,同时因为天然气水合物在常温常压环境条件下难以储存。因此选择石英砂模拟含水合物沉积物作为实验材料来进行试验[21]
以颗粒回收率ϕ为研究目标,定义为进口质量流量与出口质量流量之比。在同一时间t分别在进口和出口取样,然后对样品进行体积测量和称重。具体计算方法如下。
$V_{\mathrm{w} i} \rho+V_{\mathrm{s} i} \rho a=m_{i}$
$V_{\mathrm{w} i}+V_{\mathrm{s} i}=V_{i}$
式中:Vwi(i=in、ou,in代表入口,ou代表出口)为液相体积; Vsi为固相体积;mi为质量;ρ为水的密度;a为石英砂比重。
$M_{\mathrm{s} i}=\frac{m_{i}-V_{i} \rho}{t(a-1)} a$
式(3)中:Msi(i=in、ou,in代表入口,ou代表出口)为进出口固相质量流量。
回收率表示为
$\varphi=\frac{M_{\mathrm{sou}}}{M_{\mathrm{sin}}}=\frac{m_{\mathrm{ou}}-V_{\mathrm{ou}} \rho}{m_{\mathrm{in}}-V_{\mathrm{in}} \rho}$
通过式(1)~式(4)即可计算出回收率,在实验中具体实验参数如表1所示,具体操作方案如下。
(1)将石英砂和水通过混合槽中的搅拌机均匀混合,并将离心泵作为实验中的循环动力。
(2)打开阀门1和阀门2,关闭阀3,开启泵。这样即可使混合固液两相浆体通过旁通循环回混料罐。
(3)打开阀门3,通过控制阀2将流量调节到预定值。保持前端射流孔和后端射流孔都打开,同时颗粒能通过回收口回收。
(4)最后在进口和出口取样,每个实验重复3次,通过改变前端射流孔与回收孔之间的距离(l1)和后端射流孔与回收孔之间的距离(l2),研究不同参数下颗粒的回收率。
采用了工业上最为通用且发展成熟的RANS方法来模拟实验中出现的湍流现象,并且采用最为广泛的标准k-ε湍流模型。首先利用RANS求解雷诺平均N-S方程。
$U_{i}=\bar{U}_{i}+u_{i}$
$\bar{U}_{i}=\frac{1}{\Delta t} \int_{t}^{t+\Delta t} U_{i} \mathrm{~d} t$
式中:Ui为速度瞬时值,m/s;${\overline{U}}_{i}$为速度平均值,m/s;ui为速度脉动值,m/s。
将式(6)代入动量守恒方程可得雷诺平均N-S方程。
$\begin{aligned} \rho\left[\frac{\partial \bar{U}}{\partial t}+\frac{\partial}{\partial x_{j}}\left(\bar{U}_{i} \bar{U}_{j}\right)\right]= & -\frac{\partial p}{\partial x_{i}}+u \frac{\partial^{2} \bar{U}_{i}}{\partial x_{i} \partial x_{j}}+ \\ & \bar{f}_{i}-\frac{\partial}{\partial x_{j}}\left(\rho \overline{u_{i}^{\prime} u_{j}^{\prime}}\right) \end{aligned}$
式(7)的最右项被称为雷诺应力项,也因为该项增加了新的未知量让方程不封闭。因此为了使方程封闭,需求解雷诺应力项,进而产生了不同的湍流模型。当前采用最为广泛的湍流模型为k-ε模型,因k-ε模型都是基于Boussinesq涡黏假设,所以建立了雷诺应力与平均速度梯度的关系如下。
$-\rho \overline{u_{i}^{\prime} u_{j}^{\prime}}=\mu_{\mathrm{t}}\left(\frac{\partial \bar{u}_{i}}{\partial x_{j}}+\frac{\partial \bar{u}_{j}}{\partial x_{i}}\right)-\frac{2}{3} \rho k \delta_{i j}$
$\mu_{\mathrm{t}}=C_{\mu} \rho \frac{k^{2}}{\varepsilon}$
式中:μt为湍动黏度;k为湍流动能;Cμ为常数,取值为0.09;δij为Kronecker函数。
引入湍流动能的同时也引入了湍动能耗散率ε,因此标准k-ε模型中湍动能和湍动能耗散率输运方程如下。
$\begin{aligned} \frac{\partial}{\partial t}(\rho k)+\frac{\partial}{\partial x_{i}}\left(\rho k u_{i}\right)= & \frac{\partial}{\partial x_{i}}\left[\left(\mu+\frac{\mu_{t}}{\sigma_{k}}\right) \frac{\partial k}{\partial x_{j}}\right]+ \\ & G_{\mathrm{k}}+G_{\mathrm{b}}-\rho \varepsilon-Y_{\mathrm{M}}+S_{k} \end{aligned}$
$\begin{aligned} \frac{\partial}{\partial t}(\rho \varepsilon)+\frac{\partial}{\partial x_{i}}\left(\rho \varepsilon u_{i}\right)= & \frac{\partial}{\partial x_{j}}\left[\left(\mu+\frac{\mu_{\mathrm{t}}}{\sigma_{\varepsilon}}\right) \frac{\partial \varepsilon}{\partial x_{j}}\right]+ \\ & C_{1 \varepsilon} \frac{\varepsilon}{k}\left(G_{\mathrm{k}}+C_{3 \varepsilon} G_{\mathrm{b}}\right)- \\ & C_{2 \varepsilon} \rho \frac{\varepsilon^{2}}{k}+S_{\varepsilon} \end{aligned}$
$G_{\mathrm{k}}=-\rho \overline{u_{i}^{\prime} u_{j}^{\prime}} \frac{\partial u_{j}}{\partial x_{i}}$
式中:Gk为由于主要速度梯度而产生的湍流动能;Gb为由于浮力而产生的湍流动能,不予考虑;YM为可压缩湍流中的膨胀波动对整体耗散率的影响,湍流为不可压缩流体,是可以忽略该项的;C1εC2εC3ε为常数;σεσk分别为εk的湍流Prandtl数;SkSε为可定义的源项。常数取值为:C1ε=1.44,C2ε=1.92,C3ε=0.09,σk=1,σε=1.3。
基于欧拉-拉格朗日法的颗粒解析法主要有3种方法:离散元法DEM模型、离散相模型DPM、稠密颗粒流模型DDPM。其中在离散相模型的标准公式中,假定离散相的体积分数足够低。ANSYS Fluent中质量和动量守恒方程的一般形式如下。
$\frac{\partial \rho}{\partial t}+\nabla \cdot(\rho \boldsymbol{v})=S_{\mathrm{DPM}}+S_{\text {other }}$
$\begin{aligned} \frac{\partial \rho \boldsymbol{v}}{\partial t}+\nabla \cdot(\rho \boldsymbol{v} \boldsymbol{v})= & -\nabla p+\nabla \cdot \boldsymbol{\tau}+\rho \boldsymbol{g}+ \\ & \boldsymbol{F}_{\mathrm{DPM}}+\boldsymbol{F}_{\text {other }} \end{aligned}$
式中:SDPM为离散相加到连续相的质量,kg;Sother为其他任何用户自定义的源相加到连续相的质量,kg;FDPM为离散相与连续相间相互作用产生的外力,N;Fother为其他源项与连续相间相互作用产生的外力,N;v为速度向量;ρ为流体密度;p为静压;τ为应力张量;g为重力加速度。
由于天然气水合物流化开采过程中固体颗粒含量较高,颗粒之间的相互作用以及颗粒与流体之间的相互作用不容忽视。因此为了克服离散相假设产生的限制,利用稠密颗粒流模型对质量守恒方程和动量守恒方程进行扩展计算离散相的体积分数,表达式如下。
$\frac{\partial}{\partial t}\left(\alpha_{p} \rho_{p}\right)+\nabla \cdot\left(\alpha_{p} \rho_{p} \boldsymbol{v}_{p}\right)=\sum_{q-1}^{n_{\text {phases }}} \dot{m}_{q p}-\dot{m}_{p q}$
$\begin{array}{l} \frac{\partial}{\partial t}\left(\alpha_{p} \rho_{p} \boldsymbol{v}_{p}\right)+\nabla\left(\alpha_{p} \rho_{p} \boldsymbol{v}_{p} \boldsymbol{v}_{p}\right)=-\alpha_{p} \nabla p+ \\ \nabla \cdot\left[\alpha_{p} \mu_{p}\left(\nabla \boldsymbol{v}_{p}+\nabla \boldsymbol{v}_{p}^{\mathrm{T}}\right)\right]+\alpha_{p} \rho_{p} \boldsymbol{g}+ \\ F_{\mathrm{vm}, \mathrm{lift}, \mathrm{user}}+\sum_{q-1}^{n_{\mathrm{phases}}}\left[\boldsymbol{K}_{q p}\left(\boldsymbol{v}_{q}-\boldsymbol{v}_{p}\right)+\dot{m}_{q p} \boldsymbol{v}_{q p}-\right. \\ \left.\dot{m}_{p q} \boldsymbol{v}_{p q}\right]+K_{\mathrm{DPM}}\left(\boldsymbol{v}_{\mathrm{DPM}}-\boldsymbol{v}_{p}\right)+S_{\mathrm{DPM}, \operatorname{explicit}} \end{array}$
式中:αpp相的体积分数;ρpp相物理密度;vpp相的速度;$\sum _{q-1}^{{n}_{phases}}{\stackrel{·}{m}}_{pq}$为两相间质量传递;vDPM为离散相粒子的平均速度,m/s;KDPM为离散相颗粒间动量交换系数。
采掘腔内部受双射流的作用,沉积物颗粒从储层被破碎脱落后沿壁面运动至射流相遇处获得向上抬升的力并进入抬升流动中,从而向着工具管串移动,进入回收孔,但由于整个回收过程颗粒时刻受到重力作用,导致颗粒在空间分布并不均匀且运动轨迹也非轴对称,因此采用三维模型来进行求解计算,几何模型示意如图3所示。同时对模型进行了简化。
(1)因为流场中颗粒受颗粒间相互作用、颗粒与流体相互作用以及颗粒自身重力作用等影响,因此为了节约计算资源,根据重力方向将一个完整的采掘腔一分为二,假设两块流域具有镜像对称性,计算域简化为了真实工况下的一半。
(2)在固态流化工艺中射流将对储层各方位都进行充分的破碎,故假设喷嘴破碎的过程中,采掘腔周向的各处扩展速率相同,最终采掘腔将形成一个圆柱形腔体,并且忽略壁面粗糙度的影响。
(3)在工艺中射流回收的过程中,工具管串会在储层内回拖,但实际的移动较为缓慢,速度不足1 m/min,因此假设在管串移动前,喷嘴已经对前端的破碎腔进行了充分的破碎且在移动至未破碎储层后迅速达到极限破碎距离,即忽略回拖移动对采掘腔的形貌的影响,并忽略回拖对流场的影响,采用静态简化。
计算域从重力方向简化一半后,边界以对称面进行说明,如图4所示,前后两端射流孔即为液相设置为速度入口,固相入口从计算域前端面进入,后端面设置了颗粒的逃逸边界,回收孔设置为压力出口,对称面设置为对称边界,其余边界均为壁面,设置为无滑移边界。其中仿真计算采用稳态解,压力-速度耦合采用SIMPLE算法。除梯度离散化方案采用基于最小二乘单元格的格式外,控制方程的离散格式均为一阶迎风格式。收敛准则是守恒方程的残差小于10-5。具体仿真计算参数如表2所示。
利用ICEM软件将计算域划分为六面体结构网格,如图5所示。研究了15万、27万、47万、65万、88万、96万单元格的6种网格,以保证模拟的网格独立性。网格验证模型参数如表3所示,不同网格尺寸下的颗粒回收率如图6所示。当网格数超过65万个时,回收率几乎没有变化,因此在考虑计算精度和计算资源的情况下,将计算域划分为650 000个网格。
根据实验工况进行模拟验证,图7为数值模拟的颗粒回收率对比图,仿真结果与实验结果的变化规律一致,3组的平均相对误差均小于10%。这证明了研究所用数学模型的准确性,能够对采掘腔内流场进行有效的模拟。
图8l1l2在不同位置下固体颗粒沉积的变化情况。可以看出,随着l1l2的距离增加,砂堆的数量从2个转变为3个,其原因主要是颗粒从前后两端射流孔同时进入采掘腔内,前端射流携带的砂粒与后端射流携带的砂粒沿壁面相遇,然后被抬升带到回收口。但在前后两端射流相遇的抬升部分会出现一个类似三角形的低速区域,导致砂粒在此沉积,前端射流出来的颗粒因为受到端面的阻挡只能朝着回收孔运动,而后端射流出来的颗粒在壁面上被分为向着两侧的移动,向着回收孔一侧将会与前端射流出来的颗粒相遇,而另一侧则会向着采掘腔后端移动,随着速度的降低而沉降形成砂堆。当回收孔两侧射流孔的距离增大时,在两个射流之间的流场速度会显著的降低,导致两端射流出来的颗粒还未相遇就发生了沉降,从而形成了两个即将相遇的砂堆。因此射流孔与回收孔的布置距离的增加会让捕获流场即双射流之间的流场效果减弱,颗粒的沉降愈发明显。
图9展示了采掘腔内回收流场的分布规律。根据流线可将回收流场分为:①循环流;②控制流;③逃逸流;④提升流。如图9(b)所示,前后两端射流孔发生射流冲击后,流动方向从垂直采掘腔壁面向沿壁面扩展,转变为流动方向与壁面平行。在前后两端射流发生碰撞之后,双射流的流体偏转并在回收端口的方向上被提升,产生循环流动,控制流动和提升流动。另外,部分流体从控制流中逸出,继续向前流动,形成逸出流。在图9(a)中,当l1为100 mm, l2为100 mm时,即双射流靠近回收口时,控制流逐渐远离壁面向中心移动,同时后端射流的方向明显偏转,提升流逐渐被后端射流所取代。因此前端射流沿壁面顺利进入逸出流,这也是图8(a)中后端大量颗粒沉积的原因。
图10为前端射流孔距回收孔的不同距离l1下对应的流场速度分布云图。可以看出,在后端射流距离不变的情况下,随着前端射流距离的增加,循环流的范围增大,但是抬升流的速度在不断减小甚至逐渐消失,当前端射流与回收孔的布置距离l1在300 mm以内时抬升流的作用比较强烈,但是当l1超过600 mm后抬升流作用已大幅削弱,并且当l1超过了900 mm后,抬升流的作用已经不再明显。
图11为不同l1下的回收率与单射流下颗粒回收率对比。可以看出,当l2固定为300 mm时,随着l1的增加,双射流的颗粒回收率先增大后减小,回收率远远高于相对应下单射流。因此双射流可以显著提高颗粒的回收性能,尤其当l2 =300 mm时,l1=300 mm时回收率最大。
图12为前端射流孔距回收孔的不同距离l2下对应的流场速度分布云图。可以看出,在前端射流距离不变(l1 = 300 mm)的情况下,随着后端射流距离l2的增加,循环流和控制流的范围都在随之增大,同时前后端射流相遇所形成的抬升流动起始位置在随着后端射流一起移动。当后端射流孔与回收孔间距离l2=100 mm时可以由于平行射流和回收口的吸力作用,后端射流偏转进入回收孔中,而且此时两个射流之间并未形成抬升流,但后端射流却直接进入了回收孔中,当l2距离在150 mm和300 mm时抬升流的作用较强,但是当l2距离大于600 mm后,抬升流的流速明显减小。
图13为不同l2下的回收率与单射流下颗粒回收率对比。当l1=300 mm时,随着l2的增大,双射流的颗粒回收率先增大后减小,很明显可以看出,双射流的回收率高于相应的单射流。因此当l1=300 mm时,l2= 200 mm处颗粒回收率达到最大值。
创新性地提出了双射流回收颗粒方案,以提高颗粒的回收性能。对不同工作条件下的固体颗粒沉积进行了实验研究,同时采用DDPM模型进行了模拟仿真,主要研究了颗粒回收流场和颗粒回收率,主要结论如下。
(1)采掘腔内回收流场可分为循环流、控制流、逃逸流和提升流。在l1=100 mm, l2=100 mm处,控制流逐渐远离壁面向中心移动,同时后端射流的方向明显偏转,提升流逐渐被后端射流所取代。
(2)在l2=300 mm处,循环流的范围随着l1的增大而增大,而提升流速度减小甚至消失。当l1在300 mm以内时,提升流作用较强,但当l1超过600 mm时,提升流作用已大大减弱。一旦l1超过900 mm,提升流作用效果就不再明显。
(3)在l1=300 mm处,随着l2的增大,循环流和控制流的范围逐渐扩大,提升流的起始位置随着后端射流的增大而向后移动。当l2为100 mm时,循环流与控制流之间不存在提升流。当l2为150 ~ 300 mm时,提升流的作用较强,但当l2大于600 mm时,提升流的速度明显降低。
(4)当l2=300 mm时,随着l1的增加,双射流的颗粒回收率先增大后减小,在l1=300 mm时回收率最大。当l1=300 mm时,随着l2的增加,双射流的颗粒回收率先增大后减小,在l1=200 mm时回收率最大。
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(52374011)
  • 国家重点研发计划(2019YFC0312305)
  • 四川省科技厅自然科学基金创新研究群体项目(2023NSFSC1980)
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2025年第25卷第5期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402117
  • 接收时间:2024-03-25
  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
  • 出版时间:2025-02-18
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-25
  • 修回日期:2024-11-19
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(52374011)
国家重点研发计划(2019YFC0312305)
四川省科技厅自然科学基金创新研究群体项目(2023NSFSC1980)
作者信息
    1 西南石油大学机电工程学院, 成都 610500
    2 西南石油大学能源装备研究院, 成都 610500
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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