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The experimental research on the dynamic response of aero-engine rotor under sudden impact load was carried out by using high-speed motor drive on the vibration table. Rotor dynamic response tests under different characteristic speeds, load sizes, impact directions, and pulse widths were completed, revealing the general rules of rotor dynamic response under sudden impact loads. The results show that the dynamic response of the rotor increases instantly and then returns to a stable state when under instantaneous impact, and it increases with the increase of the sudden impact load. Besides, the vertical dynamic response of the rotor is greater than the horizontal dynamic response, and the vertical response of the same measurement section is 4% to 46.15% greater than the horizontal response under various operating conditions. In addition, the dynamic response of the rotor under axial foundation impact is greater than that under vertical foundation impact. Within a certain range, as the pulse width of the impact load increases from 6 ms to 11 ms, the dynamic response of the rotor decreases by 2.5%~10%. The study provides a reference for the vibration response analysis of aero-engine rotors under sudden impact loads and the structural safety design of aero-engine, which has important engineering application value.

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基于振动台采用高速电机驱动开展航空发动机转子在突加冲击载荷下的动力响应试验研究,完成不同特征转速、不同载荷大小、不同冲击方向、不同脉宽条件下的转子动力响应试验,揭示了突加冲击载荷下转子动力响应的一般规律。研究表明:冲击瞬时,转子动力响应呈现瞬间增大、随后恢复至稳定状态的现象;转子的动力响应随着突加冲击载荷的变大而变大,且各工况条件下,转子上垂直方向的动力响应比水平方向的动力响应要大,同一测量截面垂直方向响应比水平方向响应大4%~46.15%;此外,转子受到轴向基础冲击载荷的动力响应比受到垂向基础冲击载荷的动力响应大;在一定范围内,随着基础冲击载荷脉宽从6 ms变大至11 ms,转子的动力响应变小2.5%~10%。研究为航空发动机转子在突加冲击载荷下的振动响应分析和航空发动机结构安全设计提供了参考,具有重要的工程应用价值。

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聂卫健(1991—),男,汉族,江西抚州人,博士研究生,高级工程师。研究方向:航空发动机转子动力学。E-mail:

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2 中国航发湖南动力机械研究所, 株洲 412002
3 中国航空发动机集团航空发动机振动技术重点实验室, 株洲 412002, bio={"content":"

聂卫健(1991—),男,汉族,江西抚州人,博士研究生,高级工程师。研究方向:航空发动机转子动力学。E-mail:

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聂卫健(1991—),男,汉族,江西抚州人,博士研究生,高级工程师。研究方向:航空发动机转子动力学。E-mail:

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D1D2分别为转轴位移;T1T2分别为轴承温度

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⊥表示垂直方向;=表示水平方向

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Test condition

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 试验转速/
(r·min-1)
冲击方向 满量级
载荷/g
脉宽/
ms
1 0.20n 垂向 10 6
2 0.20n 轴向 6 6
3 0.65n 垂向 10 6
4 0.65n 垂向 10 11
5 0.65n 轴向 6 6
6 1.0n 垂向 10 6
7 1.0n 垂向 10 11
), ArticleFig(id=1225467202753708323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983786870231892, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

试验工况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 试验转速/
(r·min-1)
冲击方向 满量级
载荷/g
脉宽/
ms
1 0.20n 垂向 10 6
2 0.20n 轴向 6 6
3 0.65n 垂向 10 6
4 0.65n 垂向 10 11
5 0.65n 轴向 6 6
6 1.0n 垂向 10 6
7 1.0n 垂向 10 11
), ArticleFig(id=1225467202879537449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983786870231892, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Loading table of vertical impact load

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
量级类别 第1步 第2步 第3步 第4步
量级分布加载 -12 dB -8 dB -4 dB 0 dB
目标量级 5.1g 6.4g 8.1g 10.0g
), ArticleFig(id=1225467202992783667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983786870231892, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

垂向冲击载荷分步加载表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
量级类别 第1步 第2步 第3步 第4步
量级分布加载 -12 dB -8 dB -4 dB 0 dB
目标量级 5.1g 6.4g 8.1g 10.0g
), ArticleFig(id=1225467203114418493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983786870231892, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Loading table of axial impact load

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
量级类别 第1步 第2步 第3步
量级分布加载 -6 dB -3 dB 0 dB
目标量级 3.01g 4.25g 6.00g
), ArticleFig(id=1225467203261219142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983786870231892, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

轴向冲击载荷量级分步加载表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
量级类别 第1步 第2步 第3步
量级分布加载 -6 dB -3 dB 0 dB
目标量级 3.01g 4.25g 6.00g
), ArticleFig(id=1225467203391242574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983786870231892, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Dynamic response of the rotor (condition 1)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
载荷大小/g 动力响应/mm
D1 D2 D3 D4
5.1 0.36 0.59 0.44 0.42
6.4 0.39 0.66 0.50 0.48
8.1 0.45 0.71 0.54 0.50
10.0 0.48 0.89 0.60 0.54
), ArticleFig(id=1225467203512877401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983786870231892, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

转子动力响应值(工况1)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
载荷大小/g 动力响应/mm
D1 D2 D3 D4
5.1 0.36 0.59 0.44 0.42
6.4 0.39 0.66 0.50 0.48
8.1 0.45 0.71 0.54 0.50
10.0 0.48 0.89 0.60 0.54
), ArticleFig(id=1225467204855054687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983786870231892, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Dynamic response of the rotor (condition 2)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
载荷大小/g 动力响应/mm
D1 D2 D3 D4
3.01 0.35 0.33 0.28 0.16
4.25 0.44 0.41 0.44 0.22
6.00 0.51 0.66 0.61 0.44
), ArticleFig(id=1225467205203181929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983786870231892, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

转子动力响应值(工况2)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
载荷大小/g 动力响应/mm
D1 D2 D3 D4
3.01 0.35 0.33 0.28 0.16
4.25 0.44 0.41 0.44 0.22
6.00 0.51 0.66 0.61 0.44
), ArticleFig(id=1225467205366759798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983786870231892, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Dynamic response of the rotor (condition 3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
载荷大小/g 动力响应/mm
D1 D2 D3 D4
5.1 0.40 0.57 0.45 0.29
6.4 0.43 0.68 0.51 0.32
8.1 0.49 0.82 0.62 0.37
10.0 0.60 0.99 0.72 0.40
), ArticleFig(id=1225467205509366139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983786870231892, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

转子动力响应值(工况3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
载荷大小/g 动力响应/mm
D1 D2 D3 D4
5.1 0.40 0.57 0.45 0.29
6.4 0.43 0.68 0.51 0.32
8.1 0.49 0.82 0.62 0.37
10.0 0.60 0.99 0.72 0.40
), ArticleFig(id=1225467205677138306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983786870231892, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Dynamic response of the rotor (condition 4)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
载荷大小/g 动力响应/mm
D1 D2 D3 D4
5.1 0.39 0.55 0.42 0.26
6.4 0.41 0.62 0.48 0.29
8.1 0.47 0.79 0.60 0.36
10.0 0.54 0.95 0.68 0.39
), ArticleFig(id=1225467205773607304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983786870231892, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

转子动力响应值(工况4)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
载荷大小/g 动力响应/mm
D1 D2 D3 D4
5.1 0.39 0.55 0.42 0.26
6.4 0.41 0.62 0.48 0.29
8.1 0.47 0.79 0.60 0.36
10.0 0.54 0.95 0.68 0.39
), ArticleFig(id=1225467206042042771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983786870231892, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Dynamic response of the rotor (condition 5)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
载荷大小/g 动力响应/mm
D1 D2 D3 D4
3.01 0.35 0.33 0.28 0.16
4.25 0.44 0.41 0.44 0.22
6.00 0.59 0.46 0.51 0.34
), ArticleFig(id=1225467206188843418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983786870231892, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

转子动力响应值(工况5)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
载荷大小/g 动力响应/mm
D1 D2 D3 D4
3.01 0.35 0.33 0.28 0.16
4.25 0.44 0.41 0.44 0.22
6.00 0.59 0.46 0.51 0.34
), ArticleFig(id=1225467206302089637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983786870231892, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Dynamic response of the rotor (condition 6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
载荷大小/g 动力响应/mm
D1 D2 D3 D4
5.1 0.33 0.32 0.27 0.16
6.4 0.36 0.40 0.29 0.19
8.1 0.42 0.55 0.40 0.26
10.0 0.49 0.71 0.50 0.29
), ArticleFig(id=1225467206415335852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983786870231892, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

转子动力响应值(工况6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
载荷大小/g 动力响应/mm
D1 D2 D3 D4
5.1 0.33 0.32 0.27 0.16
6.4 0.36 0.40 0.29 0.19
8.1 0.42 0.55 0.40 0.26
10.0 0.49 0.71 0.50 0.29
), ArticleFig(id=1225467206562136502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983786870231892, language=EN, label=Table 10, caption=

Dynamic response of the rotor (condition 7)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
载荷大小/g 动力响应/mm
D1 D2 D3 D4
5.1 0.30 0.29 0.26 0.14
6.4 0.33 0.36 0.27 0.18
8.1 0.40 0.51 0.39 0.24
10.0 0.47 0.67 0.48 0.27
), ArticleFig(id=1225467206683771324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983786870231892, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

转子动力响应值(工况7)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
载荷大小/g 动力响应/mm
D1 D2 D3 D4
5.1 0.30 0.29 0.26 0.14
6.4 0.33 0.36 0.27 0.18
8.1 0.40 0.51 0.39 0.24
10.0 0.47 0.67 0.48 0.27
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突加冲击载荷下航空发动机转子动力响应试验
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聂卫健 1, 2, 3 , 杨晓光 1 , 唐广 2, 3 , 王金舜 2, 3 , 刘飞春 2, 3
科学技术与工程 | 论文·航空、航天 2025,25(5): 2153-2160
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·航空、航天 2025, 25(5): 2153-2160
突加冲击载荷下航空发动机转子动力响应试验
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聂卫健1, 2, 3 , 杨晓光1, 唐广2, 3, 王金舜2, 3, 刘飞春2, 3
作者信息
  • 1 北京航空航天大学能源与动力工程学院, 北京 102206
  • 2 中国航发湖南动力机械研究所, 株洲 412002
  • 3 中国航空发动机集团航空发动机振动技术重点实验室, 株洲 412002
  • 聂卫健(1991—),男,汉族,江西抚州人,博士研究生,高级工程师。研究方向:航空发动机转子动力学。E-mail:

Dynamic Response Experiment of Aero-engine Rotor under Sudden Impact Load
Wei-jian NIE1, 2, 3 , Xiao-guang YANG1, Guang TANG2, 3, Jin-shun WANG2, 3, Fei-chun LIU2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 102206, China
  • 2 Hunan Aviation Powerplant Research Institute, AECC, Zhuzhou 412002, China
  • 3 Key Laboratory of Aero-engine Vibration Technology, Aero Engine Corporation of China, Zhuzhou 412002, China
出版时间: 2025-02-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309779
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基于振动台采用高速电机驱动开展航空发动机转子在突加冲击载荷下的动力响应试验研究,完成不同特征转速、不同载荷大小、不同冲击方向、不同脉宽条件下的转子动力响应试验,揭示了突加冲击载荷下转子动力响应的一般规律。研究表明:冲击瞬时,转子动力响应呈现瞬间增大、随后恢复至稳定状态的现象;转子的动力响应随着突加冲击载荷的变大而变大,且各工况条件下,转子上垂直方向的动力响应比水平方向的动力响应要大,同一测量截面垂直方向响应比水平方向响应大4%~46.15%;此外,转子受到轴向基础冲击载荷的动力响应比受到垂向基础冲击载荷的动力响应大;在一定范围内,随着基础冲击载荷脉宽从6 ms变大至11 ms,转子的动力响应变小2.5%~10%。研究为航空发动机转子在突加冲击载荷下的振动响应分析和航空发动机结构安全设计提供了参考,具有重要的工程应用价值。

航空发动机  /  突加冲击载荷  /  动力响应  /  试验研究

The experimental research on the dynamic response of aero-engine rotor under sudden impact load was carried out by using high-speed motor drive on the vibration table. Rotor dynamic response tests under different characteristic speeds, load sizes, impact directions, and pulse widths were completed, revealing the general rules of rotor dynamic response under sudden impact loads. The results show that the dynamic response of the rotor increases instantly and then returns to a stable state when under instantaneous impact, and it increases with the increase of the sudden impact load. Besides, the vertical dynamic response of the rotor is greater than the horizontal dynamic response, and the vertical response of the same measurement section is 4% to 46.15% greater than the horizontal response under various operating conditions. In addition, the dynamic response of the rotor under axial foundation impact is greater than that under vertical foundation impact. Within a certain range, as the pulse width of the impact load increases from 6 ms to 11 ms, the dynamic response of the rotor decreases by 2.5%~10%. The study provides a reference for the vibration response analysis of aero-engine rotors under sudden impact loads and the structural safety design of aero-engine, which has important engineering application value.

aero-engine  /  sudden impact load  /  dynamic response  /  experimental research
聂卫健, 杨晓光, 唐广, 王金舜, 刘飞春. 突加冲击载荷下航空发动机转子动力响应试验. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (5) : 2153 -2160 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309779
Wei-jian NIE, Xiao-guang YANG, Guang TANG, Jin-shun WANG, Fei-chun LIU. Dynamic Response Experiment of Aero-engine Rotor under Sudden Impact Load[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (5) : 2153 -2160 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309779
转子系统是旋转机械重要的部件,很多学者开展了动力学研究,包括动力学分析[1-3]、故障研究[4-5]以及动力特性试验[6]等,但针对冲击载荷下的转子振动特性研究较少。飞机着陆时表现出短时承受较大冲击载荷的特点,其在冲击载荷下的考核试验是重要的试验项目,美国海军航空司令部(Naval Air Systems Command)将全机落震试验作为研制过程中必须考核的项目[7-9]。豆清波等[10-11]提出整机落震试验方法和机翼升力模拟方法,完成某型飞机的整机落震试验。前述研究在试验时飞机的转子系统处于静止状态,无法得到其在旋转状态下受到突加冲击载荷的振动特性。然而,实际工作中飞机为了避免着陆失败选择立即复飞,在着陆瞬时其转子系统是高速运转的。飞机着陆时,冲击载荷通过发动机承力结构和支承结构传递至转子系统,此时转子系统处于非惯性坐标系中,属于基础振动范畴。很多学者针对转子系统在基础冲击载荷下的振动问题开展了研究,包括机动飞行条件下航空发动机转子动力学特性受惯性载荷的影响研究[12-13]、基础冲击载荷下转子动力响应建模及分析[14-16]等。此外,陈曦[17]将基础运动激励与转子系统相结合,提出一种研究基础运动激励条件下单/双转子系统动力学特性的系统化方法,并针对基础运动激励条件下转子系统的动力学特性开展了系统而深入的研究;张欢[18]就基础激励下的转子系统开展了动力学分析,建立了考虑基础运动下的转子动力学特性模型,求解了基础运动状态下的运动微分方程。
转子系统在基础冲击载荷下的振动特性直接决定发动机能否满足飞机在特殊作战环境和起降落方式下的安全运行,对航空发动机整体性能的好坏起关键性支撑作用。Duchemin等[19]研究了偏置单盘转子在基础激励下的动力学特性和基础作简谐转动时转子系统在临界转速附近的稳定性问题;Driot等[20] 采用激振器对偏置单盘转子系统的基础施加冲击载荷,发现转速和激振频率对冲击载荷下转子的轴心轨迹形状均有影响;陈伟等[21]基于典型小涵道比涡扇发动机结构特征相似原则设计转子-支承-机匣系统试验器,对突加基础冲击激励下转子系统振动特性进行了试验研究,转子最高转速达7 000 r/min;颜文忠等[22]以Jeffcott转子为例,研究了基础横向振动幅值和振动频率对安装在柔性基础上的转子系统横向振动的影响;杨泽东[23]围绕含非线性支承的转子系统在基础脉冲激励下的瞬态响应特性分析方法开展研究,建立了突加高能基础激励载荷作用下转子系统模型,提出突加高能基础激励载荷分析方法,并通过试验研究验证了建立的模型和分析方法的正确性;聂卫健等[24]基于与真实转子动力特性一致的模拟转子,开展了冲击载荷下航空发动机转子振动特性的试验研究,但是针对不同的基础冲击载荷对航空发动机转子振动响应的影响未开展相应研究。
综上所述,国内外目前针对转子系统在基础振动问题方面开展了大量的理论和试验研究,但大多基于Jeffcott 转子或偏置单盘转子模型或结构简单的实验室转子来讨论基础冲击载荷对转子系统振动特性的影响,得到了具有一定参考价值的定性结论,试验转速远低于航空发动机工作转速,且与真实航空发动机转子系统的模型参数相差较大,难以准确得到基础激励载荷下真实航空发动机转子系统的振动响应;此外,基础冲击载荷会导致转子系统振动加剧,甚至可能引发碰摩等危害航空发动机安全的故障。因此,十分有必要开展航空发动机转子在突加冲击载荷下的动力响应试验研究。
现基于振动台施加突加冲击载荷,以航空发动机转子为试验对象开展不同条件下的突加冲击载荷下转子动力响应试验研究,揭示基础冲击载荷大小、冲击方向、冲击脉宽对转子动力响应的影响规律,以期为航空发动机转子在基础冲击载荷作用下动力响应分析及结构安全设计提供参考。
航空发动机转子转速非常高,试验时一般采用“异步电机+增速器”的组合方式进行驱动,这种驱动方式具有占地面积大、质量重等特点。一方面,在振动台(水平台面、垂直台面尺寸分别为2.5 m×1.2 m和2.5 m×2.5 m)上开展试验研究,试验用的航空发动机转子近1.5 m,同时要求整体重量越小越好,“异步电机+增速器”驱动方式(长度近2 m)无法满足振动台的尺寸要求。另一方面,高速电机具有结构简单、占地面积小等特点,可以实现同步直驱,在显著减小体积重量与维护成本的同时大幅提高可靠性,在旋转机械领域得到了广泛应用。经过评估,高速电机尺寸和转速满足试验要求,因此采用高速电机作为驱动源。
试验时,高速电机与试验转子共同安装在振动台上,承受同样的突加冲击载荷,为了确保试验安全,首先须保证高速电机具有良好的振动特性和抗冲击性能:将高速电机安装在振动台上(图1),驱动高速电机运行至额定工作转速(18 000 r/min),测得高速电机在全转速范围内的振动位移不超过39 μm(使用要求限制值为100 μm),轴承温度不超过78 ℃(使用要求限制值为150 ℃)。
随后开展高速电机抗冲击性能试验,在额定工作转速下,分别施加垂向(载荷大小为10.15g)和轴向(载荷大小为6.33g)基础冲击载荷,随后再进行全转速范围内的动力特性试验,其中g为重力加速度。完成冲击试验后,高速电机机械连接部位无松动,转子转动灵活,轴承无卡滞,冲击前后,高速电机振动位移和轴承温度基本没有变化。测试示意图如图2所示,结果如图3所示。结果表明:高速电机在工作转速范围内的振动特性良好,且具备垂向不低于10g、轴向不低于6g的抗冲击载荷性能,能够满足研究需求。
图4所示,试验在大推力振动台上开展,由水平台面、垂直台面以及动圈等组成,基于通电线圈在稳定的直流磁场内受到电磁力的作用而运动,励磁线圈通入直流电后,形成一个稳定的直流磁场,功率放大器输入交流驱动电流给振动台,此时振动台动圈内部的绕组通过功率放大器输入的交流驱动电流,即在交变电磁力的作用下产生基础振动载荷。动圈可以实现垂直方向和水平方向的切换,以满足不同方向的基础冲击载荷试验。
此外,振动台还配备了联锁保护系统,如图5所示,当动圈或者某一系统工作异常时,联锁保护系统工作,自动中断试验,保护试验设备。
动力涡轮转子的结构如图6所示,转子主要由动力涡轮轴、两级动力涡轮盘等零部件组成,动力涡轮轴长近1.5 m,动力涡轮盘之间通过端齿实现连接。转子采用4个支点0-3-1的支承方式,1号轴承采用滚珠轴承,其余3个支点均采用滚棒轴承。
图7所示,将转子安装在振动台上,试验过程中测量转子轴上振动位移(D1~D4)、支座振动加速度(A1~A6)、轴承温度和弹支应变等参数。结合转子动力特性计算分析结果[24],在动力涡轮转子弯曲程度最厉害的位置(图7中位移传感器对应位置)布置位移传感器以测量动力响应,另一方面,转子轴位移是反映转子振动响应的最直接体现,实际工程设计中十分重视转子轴振动位移以避免出现碰磨等故障,以转子轴振动位移为例进行分析。
表1所示,开展突加冲击载荷下的动力响应试验时,分别将转子安装在振动台的垂直台面和水平台面,驱动高速电机带动转子运转至地慢(0.20n)、空慢(0.65n)、额定工作转速(1.0n)等特征转速,然后施加不同试验条件下的基础冲击载荷,测量突加冲击载荷瞬时转子的动力响应。由于试验转速高、施加基础冲击载荷大,试验具有很大的风险,采用远程控制进行载荷加载,并专门设计了安全防护罩(图8),在防护罩内安装照明和摄像头,对转子状态进行远程监控,监控画面如图9所示。
为了进一步确保基础冲击载荷下转子试验的安全,进行了动力涡轮转子全转速范围内的动力特性试验,试验结果如图10所示。结果显示动力涡轮转子能够平稳越过临界转速并稳定运行至工作转速,整个过程中转子轴位移不大于360 μm,振动加速度不大于1.81g,动力涡轮转子在全转速范围内振动特性良好。
图11所示,将转子安装在振动台的垂直台面上,然后驱动高速电机带动转子分别运转至0.20n和0.65n,分别施加目标量级为10g的基础冲击载荷,按表2采用量级分步加载的方式逐渐加载到满量级[25]。在不同试验工况下,由位移传感器D1~D4测量逐步加载受到冲击载荷瞬时转子的动力响应。
控制动圈置于水平方向,将转子安装在振动台的水平台面上,如图12所示。驱动高速电机带动转子分别运转至0.20n和0.65n,分别施加满量级为6g的冲击载荷,按表3采用量级分步加载的方式逐渐加载到大小为6g的满量级[25]。在不同试验工况下,由位移传感器D1~D4测量逐步加载受到冲击载荷瞬时转子的动力响应。
完成不同试验工况突加冲击载荷下的转子振动特性试验后,提取了转子在突加冲击载荷下的动力响应,以表1中工况6(载荷大小为10.0g,冲击转速1.0n)结果为例,给出突加冲击载荷瞬时测得的转子动力响应图,如图13所示。表4~表10给出了表1中各试验工况下各位移传感器测得的转子动力响应值。
图13可知,在受到突加冲击载荷瞬时,转子动力响应瞬间变大,随后又缓慢恢复至稳定状态。随着突加冲击载荷变大,转子动力响应值也相应变大。
对比表4表5表6表8,在相同的冲击转速、基础冲击载荷大小以及脉宽的情况下,转子受到轴向突加冲击载荷的动力响应比受到同样大小(6.0g左右)垂向突加冲击载荷的瞬时动力响应大。
对比表6表7表9表10,在冲击转速、冲击方向、冲击载荷大小相同时,在一定脉宽范围内,脉宽从6 ms增大到11 ms,各测点的动力响应均有所减小,减小2.5%~10%。
总体来看,转子轴上垂直方向的动力响应(D1~D3)比水平方向(D4)的动力响应要大,且综合各工况转子的动力响应,同一测量截面垂直方向响应(D3)比水平方向(D4)响应大4%~46.15%,因此在实际工程设计中更应该关注航空发动机转子受到突加冲击载荷时垂直方向的响应情况。
对比表4表6表9,随着转速升高,转子动力响应总体呈现先变大然后减小的趋势,在空慢转速下动力响应最大,因此要特别关注转子在空慢转速下运行的振动状态。
针对不同突加冲击载荷,开展了冲击转速、冲击载荷大小、冲击方向以及冲击脉宽对航空发动机转子动力响应的影响试验研究,揭示了相关变化规律,为航空发动机转子在突加冲击载荷作用下动力响应试验及结构安全设计提供参考,主要结论如下。
(1)转子在受到突加冲击载荷瞬时,其动力响应瞬间变大,随后又缓慢恢复至稳定状态。
(2)总体来看,转子动力响应随突加冲击载荷变大而变大,且转子轴上垂直方向的动力响应比水平方向的动力响应大,同一测量截面垂直方向响应比水平方向响应大4%~46.15%,因此更应该关注航空发动机转子受到突加冲击载荷时垂直方向的响应情况,避免受到突加冲击载荷时振动偏大造成严重碰磨故障。
(3)在相同冲击转速、相同的冲击载荷大小及相同脉宽条件下,转子受到轴向基础冲击瞬时的动力响应比受到同样大小的垂向基础冲击瞬时的动力响应大。
(4)在冲击转速、冲击方向、冲击载荷大小相同时,在一定脉宽范围内,脉宽从6 ms增大到11 ms,各测点的动力响应均有所减小,减小2.5%~10%。
(5)基础冲击载荷大小、冲击转速、冲击方向、冲击脉宽对航空发动机转子的动力响应均有较大的影响。
  • 中国航发创新基金项目(CXPT-2022-031)
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309779
  • 接收时间:2023-12-11
  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
  • 出版时间:2025-02-18
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-11
  • 修回日期:2024-11-13
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中国航发创新基金项目(CXPT-2022-031)
作者信息
    1 北京航空航天大学能源与动力工程学院, 北京 102206
    2 中国航发湖南动力机械研究所, 株洲 412002
    3 中国航空发动机集团航空发动机振动技术重点实验室, 株洲 412002
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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