Article(id=1156983786694074593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156983783787421903, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403658, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1715875200000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-17, revisedDate=1732118400000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-21, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753776030467, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1739808000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753776030467, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753776030467, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753776030467, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156983783787421903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='5', pageStart='1753', pageEnd='2192', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753776029774, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1769691857141, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1223739602251436918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156983783787421903, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1223739602251436919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156983783787421903, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2175, endPage=2183, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156983787428077796, articleId=1156983786694074593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Data Flow Distribution Method Based on Superior-subordinate Server for Process Safety Monitoring, columnId=1156262729993277777, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Environmental and Safe Science, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Process production safety monitoring is the main technical method for safety risk control and accident prevention, and data is a significant basis for safety control and decision-making. In the existing security monitoring network, there are many sensor nodes and large amounts of data, which cause heavy channel load in the wireless sensor network. This often leads to issues such as data latency and loss, which affects the timeliness and accuracy of safety control decisions. Therefore, the security risk factors of typical process production scenarios were focused on. Based on this, the sensor deployment plan and wireless sensor network data transmission architecture were clarified, a security monitoring data flow scheduling method based on superior-subordinate server was proposed, and the data stream congestion index and abnormal data packet frequency index were used as the main indicators of data flow performance evaluation. Subsequently, the chemical polymerization reactor were taken as an engineering scenario, the performance improvement was examined after the subordinate server was initiated to share the data flow for the superior server. Through the comprehensive study of channel load balancing, the method of superior-subordinate server is benefit to ensure the effectiveness of orderly transmission of safety monitoring data and risk control.

, correspAuthors=Ye-cheng ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Wei ZHANG, Ye-cheng ZHANG, Chong ZHANG, Ting-sheng ZHAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156983941019296253, articleId=1156983786694074593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=基于主从机分流的流程生产安全监测数据流调度方法, columnId=1156262730140078420, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·环境科学、安全科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

流程生产安全监测是其安全风险控制和事故预防的主要技术手段,而监测数据是安全管控与决策的重要依据。现有的安全监测组网架构中,传感器节点多、数据量大,使得无线传感网络的信道负载较重,容易出现数据时延、丢失等问题,影响安全管控决策的及时性和准确性。为此,针对典型流程生产场景的安全风险因素,明确其传感器部署方案及无线传感网络数据传输架构,提出基于主从机分流的安全监测数据流调度机制和方法,采用数据的拥堵指数与频率异常指数作为数据流性能评估的主要指标。以化工聚合反应釜为工程场景,检验了当反应釜数量和安全监测数据量增加时启动从机为主机分担数据流量后的性能改进,有利于保障安全监测数据有序传输和风险控制的有效性。

, correspAuthors=张业成, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
">*张业成(1999—),男,汉族,湖北广水人,博士研究生。研究方向:安全生产数字化管控理论与方法。E-mail:
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张伟(1980—),男,汉族,湖北松滋人,博士,副教授。研究方向:安全管理、安全智能监控等。E-mail:

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张伟(1980—),男,汉族,湖北松滋人,博士,副教授。研究方向:安全管理、安全智能监控等。E-mail:

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张伟(1980—),男,汉族,湖北松滋人,博士,副教授。研究方向:安全管理、安全智能监控等。E-mail:

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⌊」表示向下取整

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Values of reactor vessel quantity, auxiliary status, and load balancing indicators at each experimental stage

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 0~20 s 20~40 s 40~60 s 60~100 s
反应釜/台 1 2 4 4
从机 关闭 关闭 关闭 关闭
Q0/bits 9~84 19~128 68~288 18~128
fsensorj/Hz 1~7 2~11 8~28 2~11
DSCI 0.1~0.6 0.1~0.8 0.4~1.9 0.1~0.8
ADPFI 0.1~0.5 0.1~0.7 0.5~1.9 0.1~0.7
), ArticleFig(id=1225467188790866071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983786694074593, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各试验阶段开启反应釜的数量、从机启闭状态和负载均衡性能指标的值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 0~20 s 20~40 s 40~60 s 60~100 s
反应釜/台 1 2 4 4
从机 关闭 关闭 关闭 关闭
Q0/bits 9~84 19~128 68~288 18~128
fsensorj/Hz 1~7 2~11 8~28 2~11
DSCI 0.1~0.6 0.1~0.8 0.4~1.9 0.1~0.8
ADPFI 0.1~0.5 0.1~0.7 0.5~1.9 0.1~0.7
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基于主从机分流的流程生产安全监测数据流调度方法
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张伟 , 张业成 * , 张充 , 赵挺生
科学技术与工程 | 论文·环境科学、安全科学 2025,25(5): 2175-2183
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·环境科学、安全科学 2025, 25(5): 2175-2183
基于主从机分流的流程生产安全监测数据流调度方法
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张伟 , 张业成* , 张充, 赵挺生
作者信息
  • 华中科技大学土木与水利工程学院, 武汉 430074
  • 张伟(1980—),男,汉族,湖北松滋人,博士,副教授。研究方向:安全管理、安全智能监控等。E-mail:

通讯作者:

">*张业成(1999—),男,汉族,湖北广水人,博士研究生。研究方向:安全生产数字化管控理论与方法。E-mail:
Data Flow Distribution Method Based on Superior-subordinate Server for Process Safety Monitoring
Wei ZHANG , Ye-cheng ZHANG* , Chong ZHANG, Ting-sheng ZHAO
Affiliations
  • School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
出版时间: 2025-02-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403658
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流程生产安全监测是其安全风险控制和事故预防的主要技术手段,而监测数据是安全管控与决策的重要依据。现有的安全监测组网架构中,传感器节点多、数据量大,使得无线传感网络的信道负载较重,容易出现数据时延、丢失等问题,影响安全管控决策的及时性和准确性。为此,针对典型流程生产场景的安全风险因素,明确其传感器部署方案及无线传感网络数据传输架构,提出基于主从机分流的安全监测数据流调度机制和方法,采用数据的拥堵指数与频率异常指数作为数据流性能评估的主要指标。以化工聚合反应釜为工程场景,检验了当反应釜数量和安全监测数据量增加时启动从机为主机分担数据流量后的性能改进,有利于保障安全监测数据有序传输和风险控制的有效性。

流程生产  /  无线传感网络  /  安全监测  /  信道负载  /  数据流调度

Process production safety monitoring is the main technical method for safety risk control and accident prevention, and data is a significant basis for safety control and decision-making. In the existing security monitoring network, there are many sensor nodes and large amounts of data, which cause heavy channel load in the wireless sensor network. This often leads to issues such as data latency and loss, which affects the timeliness and accuracy of safety control decisions. Therefore, the security risk factors of typical process production scenarios were focused on. Based on this, the sensor deployment plan and wireless sensor network data transmission architecture were clarified, a security monitoring data flow scheduling method based on superior-subordinate server was proposed, and the data stream congestion index and abnormal data packet frequency index were used as the main indicators of data flow performance evaluation. Subsequently, the chemical polymerization reactor were taken as an engineering scenario, the performance improvement was examined after the subordinate server was initiated to share the data flow for the superior server. Through the comprehensive study of channel load balancing, the method of superior-subordinate server is benefit to ensure the effectiveness of orderly transmission of safety monitoring data and risk control.

process industry  /  wireless sensor network  /  safety monitoring  /  channel load  /  data flow distribution
张伟, 张业成, 张充, 赵挺生. 基于主从机分流的流程生产安全监测数据流调度方法. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (5) : 2175 -2183 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403658
Wei ZHANG, Ye-cheng ZHANG, Chong ZHANG, Ting-sheng ZHAO. Data Flow Distribution Method Based on Superior-subordinate Server for Process Safety Monitoring[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (5) : 2175 -2183 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403658
流程行业是指生产过程具有连续性生产流程的行业[1],例如化工、钢铁、制药等。随着第五代移动通信技术(5th generation mobile communication technology,5G)、无线传感网络(wireless sensor network,WSN)等技术的发展,大量传感器被布设用于流程生产中设备、
环境等安全风险因素的监测,并通过无线和有线网络将监测数据传输至决策端进行处理与分析,实现安全风险实时管控,避免事故发生[2-3]。在安全监测组网架构中,传感器节点的数据经由簇首节点、汇聚节点传输至管理终端,而汇聚节点的收发数据量较大,可能产生数据流拥塞、数据时延丢失等问题。例如2023年6月22日,辽宁省营口市营口钢铁有限公司炼铁厂一号高炉在生产过程中炉缸烧穿,炉缸温度传感器数据传输中断,安全风险状态不明,进而导致液态铁渣遇冷却水引发喷爆和灼烫,造成5死4伤的后果,直接经济损失约2 825.27万元。因此,安全监测数据的有效采集和传输,是实现安全生产数据融合管控与决策的前提[4]。殷瑞钰院士[5]认为流程生产中的物质流在能量流的驱动下,按照信息流设定的策略指令,动态-有序、协同-连续地运行。物质流、能量流地运行状态及相应的安全风险状态所形成的信息流、数据流的状态,关系到安全监测的有效性。而实现安全风险信息流、数据流的调度和负载均衡,有利于减轻安全监测组网架构的信道负载[6]
在无线传感网络数据流调度方面,国内外学者进行了一系列研究。Heinzelaman等[7]提出了经典的低功耗自适应分簇(low energy adaptive clustering hierarch, LEACH)协议,通过随机选取节点作为簇首节点、通过单跳方式进行通信,所有簇首直接将信息传输至基站,传输过程能耗较大。Prabha等[8]提出了改进的LEACH协议,其中LEACH-C协议以各节点位置信息与剩余能力为依据组成更低能耗的分簇,LEACH-F使用固定的簇并协议循环选举簇首,避免多次成簇产生能量消耗。其次,现有的WSN普遍使用固定分簇路由协议,不便于依据网络状况调整通信策略[9]。为此朱本科等[10]提出了一种动态分簇路由协议,解决了当簇头节点位置分布不均衡及转发节点的数据传输路径不合理而导致节点能量消耗加剧的问题。赵小虎等[11]设计了一种多协议融合网关,可将接收到的数据快速传送到上级节点。 Margi等[12]构建了一种以软件定义网络为基础的WSN数据传输框架,可适用于多种应用场景。丁震等[13]提出了统一的接口方式和通信协议规范,但传感器节点采集参数的个数发生变化时,该协议不能实现自适应。另一方面,针对簇头选举过程能耗开销大这一问题,贺道德等[14]从均衡簇首负载的角度提出了一种分簇路由协议,进一步减小了分簇路由过程中的能量消耗。
上述研究主要聚焦于WSN数据传输协议改进与路由策略优化,未考虑流程生产特定场景中工序数增加、传感器节点成倍增加的数据传输需求。为此将结合典型的化工聚合反应场景,提出使用主机与从机作为通信汇聚节点与冗余汇聚节点,依据信道负载状态唤醒从机为主机分担数据处理任务的主从机分流策略,以减轻安全监测组网信道负载和提升安全监测数据传输效率。
针对流程生产安全监测数据传输调度的问题,实现两个目标:一是结合典型流程生产场景,设定流程生产风险监测指标,提出一套安全监测数据传输的组网架构;二是针对工序增加、监测数据量成倍增加的问题,提出一种基于主从机分流的数据流调度方案,以主机的负载状态为依据唤醒从机进行数据分流,从而实现安全监测组网架构的负载均衡,避免出现数据延迟、丢失等问题。
采用风险分析、WSN拓扑设计、实证数据分析等研究方法,分3个阶段开展研究工作,如图1所示。
结合流程生产特征,以化工聚合反应为典型生产场景,明确安全生产风险因素和监测指标,提出传感器部署方案和监测数据传输的组网架构。
构建安全风险数据流管控主机模型,明确各模块功能;选取信道负载指数的计算方法,依据其数值大小判定是否需要唤醒从机以分担主机的数据处理业务。
依次增加开启反应釜的台数,观察主机接收数据时的信道负载指数值,在合适的时候开启从机;对实验结果进行实证数据分析以验证所提出的主从机数据流调度方案对减轻信道负载和提升数据传输效率的有效性。
2020年10月,工业和信息化部和应急管理部印发《“工业互联网+安全生产”行动计划(2021—2023年)》中提出需要构建基于工业互联网的安全监测、预警、处置及评估体系,提升工业企业安全生产数字化、网络化、智能化水平。在流程生产中,WSN数据传输架构可有效地将传感器节点数据从现场传输至数据处理和分析中心。不同的安全生产场景需要传输的设备和环境安全风险因素种类繁多。例如化工聚合反应可将原料经过连续的化学反应转化为聚合物,反应釜是反应过程的关键设备,可容纳和控制聚合反应所需的原料、溶剂、催化剂等,并提供适当的反应条件,其安全监测组网架构包括数据感知和数据传输。
聚合反应的主要风险包括:聚合反应的高温高压可能导致爆炸、泄露[15];反应产生的废气可能导致人员中毒与环境污染;操作失误或者设备故障可能导致反应过程失控、设备堵塞爆裂等。因此需要对反应釜内部温度与压强、降温冷却水流量与温度、危险气体浓度、进出料管道连接情况和环境温度等因素进行监测。故提出反应釜上、下部的传感器布设方案如图2所示。
各场景安全监测数据流始于各传感器节点,汇聚于场景簇簇首节点,簇首节点将簇内数据打包后通过中继节点转发至汇聚节点,汇聚节点接收并存储各场景簇安全监测数据包后,依据场景类型、感知设备类型、参数类型等监测要素将数据包发送至云平台或工厂内部数据处理中心。
例如,化工聚合反应通常生产塑料、橡胶、纤维等材料,考虑到生产规模、工艺要求和设备容量等因素,需在生产车间内部署多个聚合反应釜。设定将单个反应釜上布设的所有传感器设置为一个场景簇,多个反应釜则对应于多个场景簇。各场景簇中均布设若干个用于收集并转发传感器数据的簇首节点。簇首节点的数据经中继节点、汇聚节点传输至云平台,形成星形数据传输架构。该基于WSN的数据传输架构如图3所示。
以化工聚合反应釜为主要场景,在布设传感器、采集安全监测数据后,还需要将其通过无线或有线网络传输至本地电脑或云端,进行汇聚、处理和分析。其主要的数据传输及汇聚界面如图4~图6所示。
依据化工聚合反应釜安全监测数据采集方案,在反应釜不同的部位布设传感器来监测各安全风险参数,反应釜的工作场景和部分传感器如图4所示。
通过对反应釜安全生产WSN数据传输架构的构建,可以为监测数据提供有效的数据传输路径,从而得以在本地和云端进行处理,通过数据库、云平台端口和本地串口3个方面对汇聚节点内部数据进行展示,具体内容如图5所示。
为探究安全生产监测过程中数据流量的变化情况,记录了该时段内部分传感器的数据流量的大小,如图6所示,随着反应釜安全生产的进行,在某时段内可能出现数据流量增大的情况。
随着流程生产工序、安全风险监测指标的增加,监测数据量也会增加,进而导致汇聚节点的负载加重、监测组网运行受阻。在此基于已构建的化工聚合安全监测组网架构,提出基于WSN的主从机数据流调度方法。通过唤醒冗余汇聚节点(从机)为通信汇聚节点(主机)分担数据处理业务,实现WSN的负载均衡,保障安全监测数据的有序传输,具体数据流调度过程如图7所示。
图7(a)中,通信汇聚节点仅接收1#反应釜的传感器数据,数据流量正常,传输链路通畅。
图7(b)中,随着2#反应釜也开启,安全监测的数据流量也增加1倍,仍通过通信汇聚节点,数据流链路的负载增加,但仍然能够满足正常传输数据的要求。
图7(c)中,通信汇聚节点接收1#、2#、3#、4#共4台反应釜的传感器数据,数据流量相对图7(a)中增加了3倍,节点负荷大幅增加,以至于出现了数据缺失、链路中断的情况,因此需要对数据流进行调度。
图7(d)中,唤醒冗余汇聚节点,通信汇聚节点与冗余汇聚节点分别接收1#、2#和3#、4#反应釜的传感器数据,此时通信汇聚节点接收的数据量减小为图7(c)的一半,数据流链路恢复通畅,整体数据传输能力也比图7(c)加强了1倍。
安全风险监测数据流管控的主机由多个模块组成,能实现参数选择、数据接收、数据发送、数据性能评估等功能。其中的核心模块为数据流拥堵分析与识别警示模块,能够通过具体的性能参数指标,判断安全监测数据流的状态,以便确定是否需要启动从机为主机分担数据流负载。其硬件结构如图8所示。
(1)场景外传输选择模块可选择是否将监测数据发送至监测场景外的目标设备。
(2)场景选择模块、参数选择模块确定监测场景和各场景下待传输的监测参数类型。
(3)数据接收模块、发送模块用于按场景类型、参数类型、传输频率、数据格式或监测数据频率大小等方式分组接收与发送监测数据。
(4)集成化控制模块由数据收发控制模块、数据流拥堵分析与识别警示控制模块和频率异常分析与识别警示控制模块构成。
(5)数据流拥堵分析与识别警示控制模块计算数据流拥堵指数(data stream congestion index,DSCI)。
(6)频率异常分析与识别警示控制模块计算数据包频率异常指数(abnormal data packet frequency index,ADPFI)。
(7)数据发送控制模块控制数据发送模块按照管控部门需求定向发送监测参数,或以数据接收控制模块相同的方式将监测参数分组发送至目标设备。
控制模块依据收发模块接收到的监测数据的数据流量确定数据拥堵指数(DSCI),表达式为
DSCI=$\frac{{Q}_{0}}{{Q}_{i}}$
式(1)中:Q0为监测数据的数据流量,bits/s;Qi为收发模块可接收数据的最大数据流量,bits/s。
当各监测参数的感知频率、数据包字节数、数据包频率相同时, Q0Qi满足条件为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{Q}_{0}={N}_{para}{B}_{DB}{f}_{sensor}\\ {Q}_{i}={N}_{para}{B}_{DB}{f}_{receive}\end{array}\right.$
式(2)中:Npara为监测参数的数量;BDB为监测参数的数据包字节数,bits;fsensor为传感器对监测参数的感知频率,Hz,freceive为收发模块接收监测参数的数据包的最大频率,Hz。
当监测参数的感知频率、数据包字节数、数据包频率不同时,Q0Qi满足条件为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{Q}_{0}=\sum _{j=1}^{n}{B}_{DBj} {f}_{sensorj}\\ {Q}_{i}=\sum _{j=1}^{n}{B}_{DBj} {f}_{receivej}\end{array}\right.$
式(3)中:n为监测参数的数量;fsensorj为传感器对监测参数j的感知频率,H;freceivej为收发模块可接收监测参数j的数据包的最大频率,Hz;BDBj为监测参数j的数据包字节数,bits。
fsensorjfreceivej与监测参数j的数据包频率异常指数ADPFIj满足条件为
ADPFIj=$\frac{{f}_{sensorj}}{{f}_{receivej}}$
主机感知所有参数的数据包频率异常指数ADPFI满足条件为
ADPFI=$\sum _{j=1}^{n}$ADPFIj
实时监测数据流管控主机依据各场景簇的数据流量与数据包频率计算信道负载指数,通过DSCI与ADPFI的值来评估WSN信道的负载状况,以确定是否唤醒从机来降低信道负载,其具体工作流程和启动收发从机数量的判定条件如图9所示。
为节约WSN能耗,数据流拥堵指数DSCI与数据包频率异常指数ADPFI可按照预设周期计算。为有效实现收发任务的协同处理和负载均衡,主从机收发任务可按以下原则进行分配。
(1)主从机收发数据可按照场景类型或参数类型分配。若选择多个监测场景(例如多个反应釜场景),可将部分场景下的监测参数收发任务分配至从机执行;若仅选择一个监测场景,可将部分类型的监测参数收发任务分配至从机执行。
(2)优先考虑按照场景类型或参数类型对主机和从机进行平均分配,若无法平均分配,则由主机执行相对于从机更多的收发任务。例如,若选择3个监测场景A、B、C,可将场景C的监测参数收发任务分配至从机执行,主机继续执行监测场景A、B的监测参数收发任务。
(3)当各场景所属管控部门不同时,可手动按键调度从机将不同场景的监测数据发送至不同的管控部门。
综上,通过将特定场景或参数类型的数据收发任务交给从机处理,可以减轻主机的负担并提高整个的性能和效率。
为衡量主从机数据流调度方法对于流程生产WSN负载均衡的有效性,结合化工聚合安全生产的实际监测数据,采用MATLAB软件对数据流管控主机所接收的数据流量、数据包频率、数据流拥堵指数DSCI与数据包频率异常指数ADPFI共4个性能指标进行计算和比较。
试验所需设备包括4台聚合反应釜、各反应釜全套传感器、1台数据流管控主机与1台从机。设定数据流管控主机平均每间隔1 s接收一次监测数据,每秒接收的额定数据流量Qi为153 bits、额定数据包频率freceivej为15 Hz。
为清楚展示负载均衡效果得到明显的展示,采用手动方式在规定时间点开启从机进行数据分流。手动开启从机后,按主从机数据流调度方法中主从机平均分配的原则,将1#、2#反应釜安全生产数据发送至主机处理、3#、4#反应釜安全生产数据发送至从机处理。
开启4台聚合反应釜进行安全生产,与此同时,开启1#反应釜全套传感器;在20 s时增加开启2#反应釜全套传感器;在40 s时增加开启3#、4#反应釜全套传感器至60 s;在60 s时手动开启从机进行分流至100 s。
依据式(3)计算主机每秒接收到的数据流量Q0,设定数据流管控主机平均每间隔1 s接收一次数据,则主机每秒接收数据包的数量即数据包频率fsensorj,依据式(1)计算数据流拥堵指数DSCI,依据式(5)计算数据包频率异常指数ADPFI,得到数据流管控主机接收的数据流量、数据包频率、数据流拥堵指数DSCI与数据包频率异常指数ADPFI随时间变化的情况,如图10所示。
对各阶段数据进行分析可知,各阶段开启反应釜的数量、从机启闭状态和负载性能指标的数值如表1所示。0~20 s内,主机共接收1台反应釜数据,其数据流量Q0、数据包频率fsensorj、DSCI与ADPFI均在额定值以内。20~40 s内,主机接收来自1#与2#反应釜传感器数据,各指标均在额定值以内,故0~20 s与20~40 s两个阶段主机具备数据全接收能力,无需开启从机。40~60 s内,主机接收来自1#、2#、3#和4#反应釜传感器数据,其数据流量、数据包频率、DSCI与ADPFI均在出现大于额定值的情况,主机不具备数据全接收能力,需要开启从机以分担主机的数据处理业务;60~100 s内手动开启从机,主机仅需接收来自1#与2#反应釜传感器的数据,各负载均衡性能指标减小到额定值以下。
由上可知,依据实际安全生产数据,通过对主机接收的数据流量、数据包频率、数据流拥堵指数DSCI与数据包频率异常指数ADPFI随时间变化的趋势进行可视化展示后,验证了主从机分流方法对于实现安全监测组网中数据流负载均衡和传输调度的有效性。
(1)在流程生产场景中,随着工艺、设备等数量增加,安全监测的指标数和数据量可能成倍增加,此时在所构建的安全监测组网架构中,汇聚节点由于数据收发量大、负载重,常出现数据流链路拥堵、数据延迟或丢失等问题,需要采用合适的数据流调度和负载均衡方法。
(2)以化工聚合场景为例,开启4台反应釜传感器且不唤醒从机时,主机接收的数据流量范围为[68,288]bits,数据包频率范围为[8,288]bits,存在数据流量或数据包频率大于额定值的情况,超过主机正常工作所能承受的范围,进而造成数据传输拥堵。
(3)开启4台反应釜传感器且唤醒从机后,主机接收的数据流量与数据包频率范围降低至[18,128]bits与[2,11]Hz,均在主机可承受的范围内,说明主从机数据流调度方法降低了信道负载,实现了负载均衡,使得数据传输更为通畅。
(4)研究侧重于数据流的调度,依托于安全生产实际监测数据,通过现场试验和数据分析验证了负载均衡技术方案的有效性。该主从机数据流调度方案也适用于工程质量、生产工艺等其他重要领域的监测数据流调度问题。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2021YFB3301100)
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403658
  • 接收时间:2024-05-17
  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
  • 出版时间:2025-02-18
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-17
  • 修回日期:2024-11-21
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国家重点研发计划(2021YFB3301100)
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    华中科技大学土木与水利工程学院, 武汉 430074

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">*张业成(1999—),男,汉族,湖北广水人,博士研究生。研究方向:安全生产数字化管控理论与方法。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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