Article(id=1156983786371109713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156983783787421903, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2401769, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1710259200000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-13, revisedDate=1732032000000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753776030390, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1739808000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753776030390, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753776030390, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753776030390, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156983783787421903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='5', pageStart='1753', pageEnd='2192', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753776029774, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1769691857141, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1223739602251436918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156983783787421903, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1223739602251436919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156983783787421903, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2034, endPage=2048, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156983787126084440, articleId=1156983786371109713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Cluster Analysis of Roadway Stability in Jiaoping Mining Area and Engineering Application, columnId=1156262729917780302, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Architectural Science, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Aiming at the blindness of the current coal mine roadway surrounding rock support programme and its parameter design, in order to improve the effect of roadway surrounding rock support and meet the requirements of safe and efficient production of mines, taking the Jiaoping mining area as the engineering background, the roof strength, coal gang strength, bottom plate strength, the basic top comes to press the equivalent, mining disturbance, roadway buried depth, roadway protection coal pillar width, span height ratio, top height ratio and the maximum horizontal principal stress were selected as roadway stability master control indicators, and 16 typical roadways and chambers were selected as samples, and the weights of 10 classification indicators were determined based on the analytic hierarchy process. On this basis, the stability of the sample roadway was clustered and analyzed, and the optimal classification number was selected according to the F-statistic method to divide the sample roadway into five categories: very stable, stable, basically stable, unstable and extremely unstable, and then the cluster center of the stability of the mine roadway was constructed. Finally, based on the above theory, the stability of the surrounding rock in the 2407 return wind channel of Yuhua Mine was predicted, and the targeted support measures and parameters were proposed. The results show that the classification results of 2407 return wind channel roadway stability are in line with the actual field engineering, and the deformation control effect of surrounding rock is good, which provides a strong guarantee for the safe and efficient production of the working face.

, correspAuthors=Lu-yuan LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yuan-xiang YU, Lu-yuan LIU, Heng-wei He, Xiao-quan HUO, Dong YUE), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156983898296111426, articleId=1156983786371109713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=焦坪矿区巷道稳定性聚类分析及工程应用, columnId=1156262730517565784, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·建筑科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对目前煤矿巷道围岩支护方案及其参数设计的盲目性,为提高巷道围岩支护效果,满足矿井安全高效生产要求,以焦坪矿区为工程背景,选取顶板强度、煤帮强度、底板强度、基本顶来压当量、回采扰动、巷道埋深、护巷煤柱宽度、跨高比、顶高比以及最大水平主应力作为巷道稳定性主控指标,选取16条典型巷道及硐室作为样本,基于层次分析法确定了10个分类指标的权重。在此基础上,对样本巷道稳定性进行了聚类分析,依据F-统计量法选取最优分类数,将样本巷道划分为非常稳定、稳定、基本稳定、不稳定和极不稳定5大类,进而构建了焦坪矿区巷道稳定性的聚类中心。最后,基于上述理论对玉华矿2407回风顺槽围岩稳定性进行了预测,并提出了针对性支护对策及其参数。结果表明,2407回风顺槽稳定性分类结果符合现场工程实际,围岩变形控制效果良好,为工作面安全高效生产提供了有力保障。

, correspAuthors=刘路远, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*刘路远(1999—),男,汉族,陕西渭南人,硕士研究生。研究方向:围岩稳定性评价及其支护技术。E-mail:
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于远祥(1976—),男,汉族,重庆人,博士,副教授。研究方向:围岩稳定性评价及其支护技术。E-mail:

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于远祥(1976—),男,汉族,重庆人,博士,副教授。研究方向:围岩稳定性评价及其支护技术。E-mail:

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于远祥(1976—),男,汉族,重庆人,博士,副教授。研究方向:围岩稳定性评价及其支护技术。E-mail:

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articleId=1156983786371109713, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=支护对策), Keyword(id=1225467184718197688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983786371109713, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=工程应用)], refs=[Reference(id=1225467192611877179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983786371109713, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1999, volume=18, issue=1, pageStart=81, pageEnd=85, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=蒋金泉, 冯增强, 韩继胜, journalName=岩石力学与工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=蒋金泉, 冯增强, 韩继胜. 跨采巷道围岩结构稳定性分类与支护参数决策[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 1999, 18(1): 81-85., articleTitle=跨采巷道围岩结构稳定性分类与支护参数决策, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1225467192800620868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983786371109713, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1999, volume=18, issue=1, pageStart=81, pageEnd=85, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, 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journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983786371109713, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The relative importance of each indicator

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 指标重要性 F(x,y)
1 xy非常重要 -2
2 xy较为重要 -1
3 xy同等重要 0
4 yx较为重要 1
5 yx非常重要 2
), ArticleFig(id=1225467188010725470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983786371109713, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各指标相对重要性权值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 指标重要性 F(x,y)
1 xy非常重要 -2
2 xy较为重要 -1
3 xy同等重要 0
4 yx较为重要 1
5 yx非常重要 2
), ArticleFig(id=1225467188157526124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983786371109713, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison matrix of impact indicators

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素 σr σw σf Pe H X D L N σh
σr 0 2 2 -1 -2 -1 1 1 1 1
σw -2 0 -1 -1 -2 -2 -2 -1 -1 1
σf -2 1 0 -1 -2 -2 -2 -1 -1 1
Pe 1 1 1 0 -2 -2 -1 1 1 -1
H 2 2 2 2 0 -1 2 1 2 2
X 1 2 2 2 1 0 1 1 1 1
D -1 2 2 1 -2 -1 0 1 1 1
L -1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 1 -1
N -1 1 1 -1 -2 -1 -1 -1 0 -1
σh -1 -1 -1 1 -2 -1 -1 1 1 0
), ArticleFig(id=1225467188333686902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983786371109713, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各影响指标比较矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素 σr σw σf Pe H X D L N σh
σr 0 2 2 -1 -2 -1 1 1 1 1
σw -2 0 -1 -1 -2 -2 -2 -1 -1 1
σf -2 1 0 -1 -2 -2 -2 -1 -1 1
Pe 1 1 1 0 -2 -2 -1 1 1 -1
H 2 2 2 2 0 -1 2 1 2 2
X 1 2 2 2 1 0 1 1 1 1
D -1 2 2 1 -2 -1 0 1 1 1
L -1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 1 -1
N -1 1 1 -1 -2 -1 -1 -1 0 -1
σh -1 -1 -1 1 -2 -1 -1 1 1 0
), ArticleFig(id=1225467188472098944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983786371109713, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Weighting of impact indicators

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 权值 指标 权值
σr 0.10 X 0.23
σw 0.07 D 0.10
σf 0.03 L 0.05
Pe 0.06 N 0.04
H 0.27 σh 0.05
), ArticleFig(id=1225467188631482502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983786371109713, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

各影响指标的权值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 权值 指标 权值
σr 0.10 X 0.23
σw 0.07 D 0.10
σf 0.03 L 0.05
Pe 0.06 N 0.04
H 0.27 σh 0.05
), ArticleFig(id=1225467188744728722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983786371109713, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Average stochastic consistency indicator (RI) value table[26]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
n RI n RI n RI
1 0 6 1.26 11 1.52
2 0 7 1.36 12 1.54
3 0.52 8 1.41 13 1.56
4 0.89 9 1.46 14 1.58
5 1.12 10 1.49 15 1.59
), ArticleFig(id=1225467188883140764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983786371109713, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

平均随机一致性指标RI取值表[26]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
n RI n RI n RI
1 0 6 1.26 11 1.52
2 0 7 1.36 12 1.54
3 0.52 8 1.41 13 1.56
4 0.89 9 1.46 14 1.58
5 1.12 10 1.49 15 1.59
), ArticleFig(id=1225467189038330022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983786371109713, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Samples and their parameters analyzed by roadway clustering analysis in Jiaoping mining area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样本 σr/MPa σw/MPa σf/MPa Pe/kPa H/m X/m D L N σh/MPa
U1 51.60 52.10 12.23 782 432 20.0 0.56 1.56 1.35 15.64
U2 48.51 55.31 13.65 895 545 15.0 0.60 1.55 1.28 10.40
U3 35.68 45.36 8.96 982 441 15.0 0.48 1.30 1.30 13.05
U4 54.56 33.00 9.51 773 470 15.0 0.40 0.86 0.75 13.01
U5 48.30 38.50 16.85 873 456 17.5 0.60 0.90 0.88 12.95
U6 35.84 44.51 14.55 864 466 17.5 0.56 1.25 1.33 13.02
U7 45.00 50.00 5.69 927 552 20.0 0.64 1.55 1.28 20.80
U8 44.35 48.21 8.88 764 438 17.5 0.60 1.38 1.46 13.03
U9 45.55 35.85 8.56 814 489 12.5 0.52 1.35 1.45 12.97
U10 55.68 40.56 10.56 866 520 17.5 0.56 1.26 1.33 15.55
U11 58.55 42.88 14.55 796 485 20.0 0.60 1.35 1.28 15.65
U12 43.88 45.66 12.36 955 512 12.5 0.48 1.14 1.55 18.16
U13 46.55 38.33 15.66 895 495 12.5 0.52 0.89 1.05 13.03
U14 55.88 40.55 7.89 788 450 17.5 0.48 0.95 0.88 18.21
U15 56.55 52.23 8.56 810 466 15.0 0.36 1.25 0.95 15.64
U16 60.52 38.13 9.55 869 485 17.5 0.56 1.55 1.15 18.16
), ArticleFig(id=1225467189185130676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983786371109713, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

焦坪矿区巷道聚类分析样本及其参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样本 σr/MPa σw/MPa σf/MPa Pe/kPa H/m X/m D L N σh/MPa
U1 51.60 52.10 12.23 782 432 20.0 0.56 1.56 1.35 15.64
U2 48.51 55.31 13.65 895 545 15.0 0.60 1.55 1.28 10.40
U3 35.68 45.36 8.96 982 441 15.0 0.48 1.30 1.30 13.05
U4 54.56 33.00 9.51 773 470 15.0 0.40 0.86 0.75 13.01
U5 48.30 38.50 16.85 873 456 17.5 0.60 0.90 0.88 12.95
U6 35.84 44.51 14.55 864 466 17.5 0.56 1.25 1.33 13.02
U7 45.00 50.00 5.69 927 552 20.0 0.64 1.55 1.28 20.80
U8 44.35 48.21 8.88 764 438 17.5 0.60 1.38 1.46 13.03
U9 45.55 35.85 8.56 814 489 12.5 0.52 1.35 1.45 12.97
U10 55.68 40.56 10.56 866 520 17.5 0.56 1.26 1.33 15.55
U11 58.55 42.88 14.55 796 485 20.0 0.60 1.35 1.28 15.65
U12 43.88 45.66 12.36 955 512 12.5 0.48 1.14 1.55 18.16
U13 46.55 38.33 15.66 895 495 12.5 0.52 0.89 1.05 13.03
U14 55.88 40.55 7.89 788 450 17.5 0.48 0.95 0.88 18.21
U15 56.55 52.23 8.56 810 466 15.0 0.36 1.25 0.95 15.64
U16 60.52 38.13 9.55 869 485 17.5 0.56 1.55 1.15 18.16
), ArticleFig(id=1225467189319348416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983786371109713, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Cluster analysis of roadway samples and their standardized parameters in Jiaoping mining area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样本 σr/MPa σw/MPa σf/MPa Pe/kPa H/m X/m D L N σh/MPa
U1 0.64 0.86 0.59 0.08 0.00 1.00 0.71 1.00 0.75 0.50
U2 0.52 1.00 0.71 0.60 0.94 0.33 0.86 0.99 0.66 0.00
U3 0.00 0.55 0.29 1.00 0.08 0.33 0.43 0.63 0.69 0.25
U4 0.76 0.00 0.34 0.04 0.32 0.33 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.25
U5 0.51 0.25 1.00 0.50 0.20 0.67 0.86 0.06 0.16 0.25
U6 0.01 0.52 0.79 0.46 0.28 0.67 0.71 0.56 0.73 0.25
U7 0.38 0.76 0.00 0.75 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.99 0.66 1.00
U8 0.35 0.68 0.29 0.00 0.05 0.67 0.86 0.74 0.89 0.25
U9 0.40 0.13 0.26 0.23 0.48 0.00 0.57 0.70 0.88 0.25
U10 0.81 0.34 0.44 0.47 0.73 0.67 0.71 0.57 0.73 0.50
U11 0.92 0.44 0.79 0.15 0.44 1.00 0.86 0.70 0.66 0.50
U12 0.33 0.57 0.60 0.88 0.67 0.00 0.43 0.40 1.00 0.75
U13 0.44 0.24 0.89 0.60 0.53 0.00 0.57 0.04 0.38 0.25
U14 0.81 0.34 0.20 0.11 0.15 0.67 0.43 0.13 0.16 0.75
U15 0.84 0.86 0.26 0.21 0.28 0.33 0.00 0.56 0.25 0.50
U16 1.00 0.23 0.35 0.48 0.44 0.67 0.71 0.99 0.50 0.75
), ArticleFig(id=1225467189415817418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983786371109713, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

焦坪矿区巷道聚类分析样本及其标准化参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样本 σr/MPa σw/MPa σf/MPa Pe/kPa H/m X/m D L N σh/MPa
U1 0.64 0.86 0.59 0.08 0.00 1.00 0.71 1.00 0.75 0.50
U2 0.52 1.00 0.71 0.60 0.94 0.33 0.86 0.99 0.66 0.00
U3 0.00 0.55 0.29 1.00 0.08 0.33 0.43 0.63 0.69 0.25
U4 0.76 0.00 0.34 0.04 0.32 0.33 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.25
U5 0.51 0.25 1.00 0.50 0.20 0.67 0.86 0.06 0.16 0.25
U6 0.01 0.52 0.79 0.46 0.28 0.67 0.71 0.56 0.73 0.25
U7 0.38 0.76 0.00 0.75 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.99 0.66 1.00
U8 0.35 0.68 0.29 0.00 0.05 0.67 0.86 0.74 0.89 0.25
U9 0.40 0.13 0.26 0.23 0.48 0.00 0.57 0.70 0.88 0.25
U10 0.81 0.34 0.44 0.47 0.73 0.67 0.71 0.57 0.73 0.50
U11 0.92 0.44 0.79 0.15 0.44 1.00 0.86 0.70 0.66 0.50
U12 0.33 0.57 0.60 0.88 0.67 0.00 0.43 0.40 1.00 0.75
U13 0.44 0.24 0.89 0.60 0.53 0.00 0.57 0.04 0.38 0.25
U14 0.81 0.34 0.20 0.11 0.15 0.67 0.43 0.13 0.16 0.75
U15 0.84 0.86 0.26 0.21 0.28 0.33 0.00 0.56 0.25 0.50
U16 1.00 0.23 0.35 0.48 0.44 0.67 0.71 0.99 0.50 0.75
), ArticleFig(id=1225467189529063633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983786371109713, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Calculation results of optimal classification number for roadway stability in Jiaoping mining area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分类数 λ F F0.05 F-F0.05
2 0.696 1.94 4.60 -2.66
3 0.726 1.74 3.81 -2.07
4 0.741 2.33 3.49 -1.16
5 0.762 2.43 3.36 -0.93
6 0.768 1.83 3.33 -1.5
7 0.781 1.60 3.37 -1.77
8 0.795 1.23 3.50 -2.27
9 0.797 2.00 3.73 -1.73
10 0.799 2.41 4.10 -1.69
11 0.805 3.27 4.74 -1.47
12 0.815 4.56 5.91 -1.35
14 0.818 8.00 19.42 -11.42
15 0.841 11.77 245.36 -233.59
), ArticleFig(id=1225467189617144024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983786371109713, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

焦坪矿区巷道稳定性最优分类数计算结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分类数 λ F F0.05 F-F0.05
2 0.696 1.94 4.60 -2.66
3 0.726 1.74 3.81 -2.07
4 0.741 2.33 3.49 -1.16
5 0.762 2.43 3.36 -0.93
6 0.768 1.83 3.33 -1.5
7 0.781 1.60 3.37 -1.77
8 0.795 1.23 3.50 -2.27
9 0.797 2.00 3.73 -1.73
10 0.799 2.41 4.10 -1.69
11 0.805 3.27 4.74 -1.47
12 0.815 4.56 5.91 -1.35
14 0.818 8.00 19.42 -11.42
15 0.841 11.77 245.36 -233.59
), ArticleFig(id=1225467189722001633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983786371109713, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Classification results of roadway stability in Jiaoping mining area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别 综合评价值 样本巷道编号
0.86~1.00 7
0.67~0.86 2
0.48~0.67 1、3、5、6、8、9、10、11、13、16
0.35~0.48 12
0.00~0.35 4、14、15
), ArticleFig(id=1225467189818470631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983786371109713, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

焦坪矿区巷道稳定性分类结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别 综合评价值 样本巷道编号
0.86~1.00 7
0.67~0.86 2
0.48~0.67 1、3、5、6、8、9、10、11、13、16
0.35~0.48 12
0.00~0.35 4、14、15
), ArticleFig(id=1225467189902356719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983786371109713, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Clustering center of roadway stability in Jiaoping mining area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分类 0.1 0.07 0.03 0.06 0.27 0.23 0.1 0.05 0.04 0.05
类别 稳定状态 综合评价值 是否标准化 σr σw σf Pe H X D L N σh
非常稳定 0.86~1.00 标准化前 45 50 5.69 927 552 20 0.64 1.55 1.28 20.8
标准化后 0.38 0.76 0 0.75 1 1 1 0.99 0.66 1
稳定 0.67~0.86 标准化前 48.51 55.31 13.65 895 545 15 0.6 1.55 1.28 10.4
标准化后 0.52 1 0.71 0.6 0.94 0.33 0.86 0.99 0.66 0
基本稳定 0.48~0.67 标准化前 48.26 42.44 12.04 850 471 16.75 0.56 1.28 1.93 14.31
标准化后 0.51 0.42 0.57 0.4 0.32 0.57 0.7 0.6 0.64 0.38
不稳定 0.35~0.48 标准化前 43.88 45.66 12.36 955 512 12.5 0.48 1.14 1.55 18.16
标准化后 0.33 0.57 0.6 0.88 0.67 0 0.43 0.4 1 0.75
极不稳定 0.00~0.35 标准化前 55.66 41.93 8.65 790 462 15.83 0.4 1.02 0.86 15.62
标准化后 0.8 0.4 0.27 0.12 0.25 0.44 0.19 0.23 0.14 0.5
), ArticleFig(id=1225467190036574455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983786371109713, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

焦坪矿区巷道稳定性聚类中心

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分类 0.1 0.07 0.03 0.06 0.27 0.23 0.1 0.05 0.04 0.05
类别 稳定状态 综合评价值 是否标准化 σr σw σf Pe H X D L N σh
非常稳定 0.86~1.00 标准化前 45 50 5.69 927 552 20 0.64 1.55 1.28 20.8
标准化后 0.38 0.76 0 0.75 1 1 1 0.99 0.66 1
稳定 0.67~0.86 标准化前 48.51 55.31 13.65 895 545 15 0.6 1.55 1.28 10.4
标准化后 0.52 1 0.71 0.6 0.94 0.33 0.86 0.99 0.66 0
基本稳定 0.48~0.67 标准化前 48.26 42.44 12.04 850 471 16.75 0.56 1.28 1.93 14.31
标准化后 0.51 0.42 0.57 0.4 0.32 0.57 0.7 0.6 0.64 0.38
不稳定 0.35~0.48 标准化前 43.88 45.66 12.36 955 512 12.5 0.48 1.14 1.55 18.16
标准化后 0.33 0.57 0.6 0.88 0.67 0 0.43 0.4 1 0.75
极不稳定 0.00~0.35 标准化前 55.66 41.93 8.65 790 462 15.83 0.4 1.02 0.86 15.62
标准化后 0.8 0.4 0.27 0.12 0.25 0.44 0.19 0.23 0.14 0.5
), ArticleFig(id=1225467191550718211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983786371109713, language=EN, label=Table 10, caption=

Selection criteria for roadway support countermeasures in Jiaoping mining area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
稳定
状态
部位 支护形式 锚杆 锚索
直径/mm 长度/m 间排距/nm 直径/mm 长度/m 间排距/nm

非常稳定
顶板 锚杆 16~18 1.6~1.8 1.0~1.2
帮部 锚杆 16~18 1.6~1.8 1.0~1.2

稳定
顶板 锚网(梁) 16~20 1.8~2.2 1.0~1.2
帮部 锚网(梁) 16~20 1.8~2.2 1.0~1.2

基本稳定
顶板 锚梁(带)网索 18~20 2.0~2.2 0.8~1.2 17.8 3~7 1~4
帮部 锚梁(带)网 18~20 2.2~2.4 0.8~1.2
顶板 锚梁(带)网索 20~22 2.2~2.4 0.8~1.0 17.8 4~9 1~3
不稳定 帮部 锚梁(带)网 20~22 2.2~2.6 0.8~1.0
底板 锚杆 20~22 2.5~3.5 0.8~1.0
顶板 锚梁(带)网索 22~25 2.4~2.6 0.7~1.0 17.8或21.6 6~10 0.7~2
极不稳定 帮部 锚梁(带)网索 22~25 2.4~2.6 0.7~1.0 17.8或21.6 5~7 0.7~2
底板 锚杆 20~25 2.5~3.5 0.7~1.0
), ArticleFig(id=1225467191743656203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983786371109713, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

焦坪矿区巷道支护对策选择标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
稳定
状态
部位 支护形式 锚杆 锚索
直径/mm 长度/m 间排距/nm 直径/mm 长度/m 间排距/nm

非常稳定
顶板 锚杆 16~18 1.6~1.8 1.0~1.2
帮部 锚杆 16~18 1.6~1.8 1.0~1.2

稳定
顶板 锚网(梁) 16~20 1.8~2.2 1.0~1.2
帮部 锚网(梁) 16~20 1.8~2.2 1.0~1.2

基本稳定
顶板 锚梁(带)网索 18~20 2.0~2.2 0.8~1.2 17.8 3~7 1~4
帮部 锚梁(带)网 18~20 2.2~2.4 0.8~1.2
顶板 锚梁(带)网索 20~22 2.2~2.4 0.8~1.0 17.8 4~9 1~3
不稳定 帮部 锚梁(带)网 20~22 2.2~2.6 0.8~1.0
底板 锚杆 20~22 2.5~3.5 0.8~1.0
顶板 锚梁(带)网索 22~25 2.4~2.6 0.7~1.0 17.8或21.6 6~10 0.7~2
极不稳定 帮部 锚梁(带)网索 22~25 2.4~2.6 0.7~1.0 17.8或21.6 5~7 0.7~2
底板 锚杆 20~25 2.5~3.5 0.7~1.0
), ArticleFig(id=1225467191823347985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983786371109713, language=EN, label=Table 11, caption=

Stability index of surrounding rock of 2407 return wind along the groove roadway

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
断面 σrc/MPa σwc/MPa σfc/MPa Pe/kPa H/m X/m D L N σhc/MPa
断面1 42.32 46.56 11.68 801 490 15 0.50 1.25 1.13 14.85
标准化值 0.27 0.61 0.54 0.17 0.48 0.33 0.50 0.56 0.48 0.43
断面2 42.88 43.10 10.53 801 505 15 0.48 1.25 1.15 15.26
标准化值 0.29 0.45 0.43 0.17 0.61 0.33 0.43 0.56 0.5 0.47
断面3 45.84 48.40 12.78 801 509 15 0.54 1.25 1.13 15.65
标准化值 0.41 0.69 0.64 0.17 0.64 0.33 0.64 0.56 0.48 0.50
断面4 46.04 49.40 12.55 801 510 15 0.52 1.25 1.16 15.88
标准化值 0.42 0.74 0.61 0.17 0.65 0.33 0.57 0.56 0.51 0.53
), ArticleFig(id=1225467192033063201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983786371109713, language=CN, label=表11, caption=

2407回风顺槽巷道稳定性指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
断面 σrc/MPa σwc/MPa σfc/MPa Pe/kPa H/m X/m D L N σhc/MPa
断面1 42.32 46.56 11.68 801 490 15 0.50 1.25 1.13 14.85
标准化值 0.27 0.61 0.54 0.17 0.48 0.33 0.50 0.56 0.48 0.43
断面2 42.88 43.10 10.53 801 505 15 0.48 1.25 1.15 15.26
标准化值 0.29 0.45 0.43 0.17 0.61 0.33 0.43 0.56 0.5 0.47
断面3 45.84 48.40 12.78 801 509 15 0.54 1.25 1.13 15.65
标准化值 0.41 0.69 0.64 0.17 0.64 0.33 0.64 0.56 0.48 0.50
断面4 46.04 49.40 12.55 801 510 15 0.52 1.25 1.16 15.88
标准化值 0.42 0.74 0.61 0.17 0.65 0.33 0.57 0.56 0.51 0.53
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焦坪矿区巷道稳定性聚类分析及工程应用
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于远祥 1 , 刘路远 1, * , 贺恒炜 2 , 霍小泉 3 , 岳东 3
科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025,25(5): 2034-2048
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025, 25(5): 2034-2048
焦坪矿区巷道稳定性聚类分析及工程应用
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于远祥1 , 刘路远1, * , 贺恒炜2, 霍小泉3, 岳东3
作者信息
  • 1 西安科技大学建筑与土木工程学院, 西安 710054
  • 2 西安市轨道交通集团有限公司, 西安 710018
  • 3 陕西陕煤铜川矿业有限公司, 铜川 727000
  • 于远祥(1976—),男,汉族,重庆人,博士,副教授。研究方向:围岩稳定性评价及其支护技术。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*刘路远(1999—),男,汉族,陕西渭南人,硕士研究生。研究方向:围岩稳定性评价及其支护技术。E-mail:
Cluster Analysis of Roadway Stability in Jiaoping Mining Area and Engineering Application
Yuan-xiang YU1 , Lu-yuan LIU1, * , Heng-wei He2, Xiao-quan HUO3, Dong YUE3
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
  • 2 Xi’an Rail Transit Group Company Limited, Xi’an 710018, China
  • 3 Shaanxi Coal Tongchuan Mining Co., Ltd., Tongchuan 727000, China
出版时间: 2025-02-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2401769
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针对目前煤矿巷道围岩支护方案及其参数设计的盲目性,为提高巷道围岩支护效果,满足矿井安全高效生产要求,以焦坪矿区为工程背景,选取顶板强度、煤帮强度、底板强度、基本顶来压当量、回采扰动、巷道埋深、护巷煤柱宽度、跨高比、顶高比以及最大水平主应力作为巷道稳定性主控指标,选取16条典型巷道及硐室作为样本,基于层次分析法确定了10个分类指标的权重。在此基础上,对样本巷道稳定性进行了聚类分析,依据F-统计量法选取最优分类数,将样本巷道划分为非常稳定、稳定、基本稳定、不稳定和极不稳定5大类,进而构建了焦坪矿区巷道稳定性的聚类中心。最后,基于上述理论对玉华矿2407回风顺槽围岩稳定性进行了预测,并提出了针对性支护对策及其参数。结果表明,2407回风顺槽稳定性分类结果符合现场工程实际,围岩变形控制效果良好,为工作面安全高效生产提供了有力保障。

煤矿巷道  /  聚类分析  /  稳定性分类  /  支护对策  /  工程应用

Aiming at the blindness of the current coal mine roadway surrounding rock support programme and its parameter design, in order to improve the effect of roadway surrounding rock support and meet the requirements of safe and efficient production of mines, taking the Jiaoping mining area as the engineering background, the roof strength, coal gang strength, bottom plate strength, the basic top comes to press the equivalent, mining disturbance, roadway buried depth, roadway protection coal pillar width, span height ratio, top height ratio and the maximum horizontal principal stress were selected as roadway stability master control indicators, and 16 typical roadways and chambers were selected as samples, and the weights of 10 classification indicators were determined based on the analytic hierarchy process. On this basis, the stability of the sample roadway was clustered and analyzed, and the optimal classification number was selected according to the F-statistic method to divide the sample roadway into five categories: very stable, stable, basically stable, unstable and extremely unstable, and then the cluster center of the stability of the mine roadway was constructed. Finally, based on the above theory, the stability of the surrounding rock in the 2407 return wind channel of Yuhua Mine was predicted, and the targeted support measures and parameters were proposed. The results show that the classification results of 2407 return wind channel roadway stability are in line with the actual field engineering, and the deformation control effect of surrounding rock is good, which provides a strong guarantee for the safe and efficient production of the working face.

coal mine roadways  /  cluster analysis  /  stability classification  /  supporting measures  /  engineering application
于远祥, 刘路远, 贺恒炜, 霍小泉, 岳东. 焦坪矿区巷道稳定性聚类分析及工程应用. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (5) : 2034 -2048 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2401769
Yuan-xiang YU, Lu-yuan LIU, Heng-wei He, Xiao-quan HUO, Dong YUE. Cluster Analysis of Roadway Stability in Jiaoping Mining Area and Engineering Application[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (5) : 2034 -2048 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2401769
作为中国主要能源之一,煤炭的安全高效开采至关重要。在这一过程中,确保煤矿巷道的稳定性以及进行有效的支护设计是保障煤矿安全高效生产的关键环节。煤矿巷道的稳定性分类和支护设计对于防范潜在的风险和确保工作环境的稳定性具有重要意义。长期以来,大量专家学者对巷道稳定性分类进行了深入研究。蒋金泉等[1]研究了反映跨采巷道具体稳定性特征的方案和支护参数决策方法,以实现对跨采巷道稳定性的定量预测;周保生等[2]应用模糊数学的方法对巷道围岩稳定性分类进行综合研究,将围岩稳定性划分为3个类别,并确定了各类别的聚类中心,使得分类结果更具可靠性;李洪等[3]以模糊聚类分析结果为基础,采用迭代自组织数据分析算法(iterative self organizing data analysis techniques algorithm,ISODATA)聚类分析法进行样本分类再优化,使得巷道分类更加符合实际情况;丁新启等[4]运用VB语言建立分类程序,从而对回采巷道围岩进行合理分类,并针对性地提出相应支护方案;魏锦平等[5]为简化模糊综合评判计算过程,采用VB编程设计人机友好交互界面进行运算,并预测出其稳定性类别、相应的支护形式参数以及围岩移近量;张志康等[6]通过基于模糊等价关系的聚类分析对围岩稳定性进行分类,提出相应支护对策,并制定出煤巷支护对策选择标准;杨战标[7]采用模糊聚类分析法将巷道围岩分为四类,并研发出用于巷道围岩分类和锚网支护设计程序,简化了模糊聚类计算过程,同时为巷道提供了合理的支护对策;樊百胜[8]分析了不同稳定类别围岩变形特征及控制技术,并确定各类煤巷的较优支护形式和参数,保证了煤巷的安全高效生产;李迎富[9]采用模糊聚类法对巷道围岩稳定性进行整体分类,再结合巷道顶底板与两帮围岩的岩性情况,进行巷道围岩次分类研究,提出适合深井回采巷道稳定性控制原则;郑学召等[10]应用模糊等价聚类分析合理选取各分类阈值,所得围岩稳定性类别为合理设计围岩支护方案及其参数提供理论依据;齐彪等[11]结合围岩松动圈分类和锚喷支护围岩分类方法,制定了围岩稳定性综合分类表和巷道支护方案选择标准,有效控制了巷道围岩的收敛变形;石永奎等[12]基于不同算法对围岩稳定性进行训练和预测,比较不同算法在稳定性分类预测上的适用性,提高了围岩稳定性分类的准确性;李健等[13]采用数值模拟软件对巷道围岩稳定性进行分析,并提出相应的支护方案及支护参数选取标准,在现场试验中取得了理想的控制效果;郭忠平等[14]采用巴顿岩体质量分类方法对围岩稳定性进行评价以及合理分类,选择合理开挖方法和支护形式,为支护设计、施工和管理提供了科学依据;杨仁树等[15]使用动态聚类分析法,基于模糊等价关系对霍州矿区的巷道围岩稳定性进行分类,并针对性提出各类巷道的合理支护对策,分类结果较为符合实际情况;高杰等[16]针对软岩巷道顶板掉块、片帮、底鼓等问题,运用多种研究方法建立巷道围岩综合分类表,并提出巷道支护与修复加固技术方案,实践表明具有较好的工程应用价值;王茂盛等[17]针对围岩稳定性分类指标进行统计研究,并将模糊聚类分析与现场监测相结合,可有效指导围岩支护参数设计,保持巷道围岩变形量在可控范围内;王睿等[18]建立BP神经网络模型,并以岩体基本质量指标(BQ)分级法为基础对围岩进行分级,分类准确度较高;李美晨等[19]分析支护失效影响因素,构建围岩局部失稳监控指标体系,进行失稳垮冒风险等级分类,并得出巷道围岩差异性支护对策;焦建康等[20]针对巷道围岩稳定性进行定量化评价,提出巷道围岩分级支护形式和支护参数,保证巷道掘进和回采期间的稳定;董俊亮等[21]对岩层顶板稳定性进行分析与计算,并提出针对性的支护方案,有效地维护了巷道顶板稳定;马鑫民等[22]建立围岩稳定性分类数据库和预测模型,经模型计算神经网络和改进的支持向量机模型具有较高的预测准确性;程志斌等[23]采用理论分析对覆岩结构特征进行分类,提出了巷道顶板稳定性分类方法,并采用数值模拟方法对锚杆、锚索联合支护特征进行研究;马清水等[24]将模糊层次分析风险评判模型与灰色关联分析风险评判模型相融合,与现场工程对比分析并提出具有针对性的风险管控措施。
焦坪矿区工程地质条件复杂,巷道围岩分类管理难度大,支护形式单一,并且未曾系统性地开展围岩采样分析以及稳定性分类研究,现有的“一巷一策”“多巷一策”的支护方案及其参数设计存在一定的盲目性和不适应性,诸多巷道和硐室出现顶板塌落、两帮挤进及底板隆起等现象。因此,现以焦坪矿区为工程背景,在搜集巷道工程地质资料及煤岩样强度测试的基础上,建立焦坪矿区巷道稳定性分析样本及其参数。运用模糊聚类分析法构建焦坪矿区巷道稳定性聚类中心,可对新掘巷道围岩的稳定性进行合理预测;以分类结果为基础,通过对焦坪矿区不同类别巷道变形破坏特征进行研究,即可针对性地提出适用于该矿区巷道的支护对策,以确保工作面的安全高效生产。
焦坪矿区包括玉华矿、柴家沟矿、下石节矿等,矿区位于鄂尔多斯盆地东南缘,矿区南北长26.5 km,东西宽3.84 km,含煤面积103.1 km2,4-2号煤层为主采煤层,其厚度一般为8~12 m,埋深一般为400~600 m,属于低变质长焰煤。该矿区地质构造复杂,小断层、小褶曲发育,沿煤层顶板层滑构造发育,导致煤层厚度不稳定,煤层厚度发生急剧变化,主要巷道及硐室的顶板为粉砂岩及粉砂质泥岩,较坚硬,垂直裂隙发育,部分顶板为炭质泥岩,较松软,随采动冒落;帮部为煤层,强度低,较破碎;直接底为炭质泥岩,较松软,遇水膨胀,老底为石英砂岩,岩性致密坚硬。由于工程地质条件复杂,并受煤层上覆砂岩裂隙水的影响,加之巷道支护设计的单一性和盲目性,导致部分巷道及硐室围岩变形破坏极为严重,主要表现为顶板开裂冒落、两帮鼓出及底板隆起,如图1所示。
巷道稳定性分类结果的准确性与可靠性在很大程度上取决于围岩稳定性指标的合理选取。根据工程地质因素和采矿技术因素,通过对焦坪矿区巷道变形破坏现状的调查分析,依据明确性、可分性、重要性、独立性和易获取性分类指标提取原则[7],选取顶板强度σr、煤帮强度σw、底板强度σf、基本顶来压当量Pe、巷道埋深H、护巷煤柱宽度X、回采扰动程度D、跨高比L、顶高比N以及最大水平主应力σh作为焦坪矿区巷道稳定性的指标体系。上述指标体系中基本顶来压当量计算公式[25]
pe=241.3lnlb+52.6hm-15.5N
式(1)中:lb为工作面来压步距,m;hm为工作面采高,m;N为顶高比。
在对巷道围岩稳定性进行分类时,各分类指标对稳定性的影响并不相同。因此,为了准确评估其稳定性,需要根据各指标在分类中的重要性给予不同的权值。层次分析法是一种能够将这种决策思维过程数量化、直观化、模型化的方法。该方法的实现过程主要包括以下3个步骤。
步骤1 构建判别矩阵。
对巷道稳定性各影响指标的相对重要性进行判断,并将相互比较获得的度量指标进行定量化分析,用“非常”“较为”“同等”作为标度,各指标标度权重取值情况如表1所示。
通过对焦坪矿区样本巷道工程地质条件的现场调查,结合有关专家和现场技术人员的意见,对巷道稳定性的10个关键影响指标的相对重要程度进行比较分析,构建了焦坪矿区巷道稳定性影响指标的比较矩阵如表2所示。
通过巷道稳定性影响指标的比较矩阵可得最优传递矩阵为
R=$\left[\begin{array}{llll}{r}_{11}& {r}_{12}& \dots & {r}_{1n}\\ {r}_{21}& {r}_{22}& \dots & {r}_{2n}\\ ︙& ︙&  & ︙\\ {r}_{n1}& {r}_{n2}& \dots & {r}_{nn}\end{array}\right]$
式(2)中:最优传递矩阵的任一元素计算公式为
rij=$\frac{1}{n}\sum _{k=1}^{n}$(aik+akj)
式(3)中:n为评价指标数量;aik为比较矩阵中第i行第k列权值;akj为比较矩阵中第k行第j列权值。
dik=exp(rik)
例如
d12=exp(r12)=exp$\left[\frac{1}{10}\sum _{k=1}^{10}({a}_{1k}+{a}_{k2})\right]$=e1.5=4.481 7
同理可得,判别矩阵D如式(5)所示。
$\begin{aligned} \boldsymbol{D} &=\left[\begin{array}{cccc} d_{11} &d_{12} &\cdots &d_{1 n} \\ d_{21} &d_{22} &\cdots &d_{2 n} \\ \vdots &\vdots &\vdots \\ d_{n 1} &d_{n 2} &\cdots &d_{n n} \end{array}\right] \\ &=\left[\begin{array}{cccccccccc} 1.0000 &4.4817 &3.6693 &1.6487 &0.3679 &0.4493 &1.0000 &2.0138 &2.7183 &2.2255 \\ 0.2231 &1.0000 &0.8187 &0.3679 &0.0821 &0.1003 &0.2231 &0.4493 &0.6065 &0.4966 \\ 0.2725 &1.2214 &1.0000 &0.4493 &0.1003 &0.1225 &0.2725 &0.5488 &0.7408 &0.6065 \\ 0.6065 &2.7183 &2.2255 &1.0000 &0.2231 &0.2725 &0.6065 &1.2214 &1.6487 &1.3499 \\ 2.7183 &12.1825 &9.9742 &4.4817 &1.0000 &1.2214 &2.7183 &5.4739 &7.3891 &6.0496 \\ 2.2255 &9.9742 &8.1662 &3.6693 &0.8187 &1.0000 &2.2255 &4.4817 &6.0496 &4.9530 \\ 1.0000 &4.4817 &3.6693 &1.6487 &0.3679 &0.4493 &1.0000 &2.0138 &2.7183 &2.2255 \\ 0.4966 &2.2255 &1.8221 &0.8187 &0.1827 &0.2231 &0.4966 &1.0000 &1.3499 &1.1052 \\ 0.3679 &1.6487 &1.3499 &0.6065 &0.1353 &0.1653 &0.3679 &0.7408 &1.0000 &0.8187 \\ 0.4493 &2.0138 &1.6487 &0.7408 &0.1653 &0.2019 &0.4493 &0.9048 &1.2214 &1.0000 \end{array}\right] \end{aligned}$
步骤2 计算指标权值可知,指标权值计算为
在判别矩阵D中,令
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{M}_{i}=\prod _{j=1}^{10}{d}_{ij}\\ {\overline{W}}_{i}=\sqrt[10]{{M}_{i}}\end{array}\right.$
式(6)中:Mi为模糊变化算子;$\overline{{W}_{i}}$为模糊子集;dij为判别矩阵中第i行第j列的值。
由式(5)及式(6)可得巷道顶板强度权重为
$\begin{aligned} \bar{W}_{1} & =\sqrt[10]{d_{11} d_{12} \cdots d_{110}} \\ & =\sqrt[10]{1 \times 4.4817 \times \cdots \times 2.2255}=1.492 \end{aligned}$
同理,可得其余9个权重,则巷道稳定性因素的权重集为
W={1.492,1.053,0.398,0.905,4.055,3.320,1.492,0.741,0.559,0.669}T
将式(8)数据归一化处理后可得各因素的指标权值如表3所示。
步骤3 权值分配检测。
根据一致性检验判断权值的合理性,最大特征值计算式[17]
λmax=$\frac{1}{n}\sum _{i=1}^{n}\frac{{\left(DW\right)}_{i}}{{W}_{i}}$
式(9)中:n为评价指标数量;W为各影响指标的权值;D为判别矩阵。
一致性指标CI的计算式为
CI=$\frac{{\lambda }_{max}-n}{n-1}$
随机一次性比例为
CR=$\frac{CI}{RI}$
式(11)中:RI为平均一致性指标。
分类指标权值分配具体计算步骤如式(12)~式(15)所示。
$\boldsymbol{D} \boldsymbol{W}=\left[\begin{array}{ccccccccccc} 1.0000 &4.4817 &3.6693 &1.6487 &0.3679 &0.4493 &1.0000 &2.0138 &2.7183 &2.225 &5 \\ 0.2231 &1.0000 &0.8187 &0.3679 &0.0821 &0.1003 &0.2231 &0.4493 &0.6065 &0.4966 \\ 0.2725 &1.2214 &1.0000 &0.4493 &0.1003 &0.1225 &0.2725 &0.5488 &0.7408 &0.6065 \\ 0.6065 &2.7183 &2.2255 &1.0000 &0.2231 &0.2725 &0.6065 &1.2214 &1.6487 &1.3499 \\ 2.7183 &12.1825 &9.9742 &4.4817 &1.0000 &1.2214 &2.7183 &5.4739 &7.3891 &6.0496 \\ 2.2255 &9.9742 &8.1662 &3.6693 &0.8187 &1.0000 &2.2255 &4.4817 &6.0496 &4.9530 \\ 1.0000 &4.4817 &3.6693 &1.6487 &0.3679 &0.4493 &1.0000 &2.0138 &2.7183 &2.2255 \\ 0.4966 &2.2255 &1.8221 &0.8187 &0.1827 &0.2231 &0.4966 &1.0000 &1.3499 &1.1052 \\ 0.3679 &1.6487 &1.3499 &0.6065 &0.1353 &0.1653 &0.3679 &0.7408 &1.0000 &0.8187 \\ 0.4493 &2.0138 &1.6487 &0.7408 &0.1653 &0.2019 &0.4493 &0.9048 &1.2214 &1.0000 \end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{l} 0.10 \\ 0.07 \\ 0.03 \\ 0.06 \\ 0.27 \\ 0.23 \\ 0.10 \\ 0.05 \\ 0.04 \\ 0.05 \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{l} 1.2461 \\ 0.2780 \\ 0.3396 \\ 0.7558 \\ 3.3872 \\ 2.7732 \\ 1.2461 \\ 0.6188 \\ 0.4584 \\ 0.5599 \end{array}\right]$
$\begin{aligned} \lambda_{\max } &=\frac{1}{n} \sum_{i=1}^{n} \frac{(\boldsymbol{D} \boldsymbol{W})_{i}}{W_{i}} \\ &=\frac{1}{10}\left(\frac{1.2461}{0.1}+\frac{0.2780}{0.07}+\cdots+\frac{0.5599}{0.05}\right) \\ &\approx 11.2447 \end{aligned}$
λmax=11.244 7和n=10代入式(10)得
CI=$\frac{11.244 7-10}{10-1}$=0.138 3
表4可知,当n=10时,RI=1.49。将式(14)代入式(11)可得
CR=$\frac{0.138 3}{1.49}$=0.092 8
由式(15)可得CR=0.092 8<0.1,表明层次总排序结果一致性较好,样本巷道稳定性影响指标权值分配合理。
选取铜川焦坪矿区玉华矿1416工作面运输顺槽(U1)、回风顺槽(U2)、水仓(U3)、运顺联巷(U4)、回风联巷(U5);2404工作面反风道(U6)、运输顺槽(U7)、回风顺槽(U8)、运顺联巷(U9);柴家沟煤矿42221工作面运输顺槽(U10)、回风顺槽(U11)、水仓(U12);42227工作面反风道(U13)、运输顺槽(U14)、回风顺槽(U15)以及下石节矿224工作面运输顺槽(U16)共计16条巷道作为聚类单元。焦坪矿区样本巷道稳定性分析相关指标取值如表5所示。
由于不同指标的量级往往存在较大差异性,若直接选取原始数据进行理论计算,将导致绝对值大的指标发挥的作用被“放大”,而绝对值小的指标作用被“缩小”,计算结果与实际情况产生偏差。因此,对原始数据进行标准化处理,将数据压缩到[0,1]闭区间内是至关重要的一步。设某一聚类指标的原始数据为y,其最大值为ymax,最小值为ymin,该指标标准化计算公式[10]
x=$\frac{y-{y}_{min}}{{y}_{max}-{y}_{min}}$
以围岩顶板强度为例,其最大值ymax=60.52,最小值ymin=35.68,则样本指标参数51.6标准化值为
x51.6=$\frac{51.60-35.68}{60.52-35.68}$=0.64
表5数据进行标准化处理,如表6所示。
现在对16条巷道按10个指标进行分类。首先,建立所有围岩稳定性指标间相似程度的统计量,采用绝对值减数法进行计算,表达式为
γij=$\left\{\begin{array}{l}1,\\ 1-c\sum _{k=1}^{10}\left|{x}_{ik}-{x}_{jk}\right|,\end{array}\right.\begin{array}{l} i=j\\  i\ne j\end{array}$
式(18)中:c为系数,其选取应满足0≤γij≤1。
c=0.1,则有

γ21=1-0.1[$\left|{x}_{21}-{x}_{11}\right|$+$\left|{x}_{22}-{x}_{12}\right|$+…+$\left|{x}_{210}-{x}_{110}\right|$]=0.674

同理,可得其他指标间的相似程度统计量γij,并得到论域U上的对称模糊相似关系矩阵R=(γij)n×n,如式(19)所示。
R=$\left[\begin{array}{llllllllllllllll}1& 0.674& 0.612& 0.517& 0.597& 0.713& 0.351& 0.797& 0.625& 0.726& 0.805& 0.554& 0.489& 0.642& 0.674& 0.709\\ 0.674& 1& 0.628& 0.459& 0.609& 0.689& 0.689& 0.653& 0.635& 0.696& 0.655& 0.628& 0.647& 0.438& 0.584& 0.637\\ 0.612& 0.628& 1& 0.583& 0.599& 0.799& 0.557& 0.741& 0.725& 0.668& 0.581& 0.726& 0.643& 0.606& 0.664& 0.607\\ 0.517& 0.459& 0.583& 1& 0.698& 0.562& 0.320& 0.586& 0.674& 0.621& 0.572& 0.503& 0.694& 0.781& 0.757& 0.606\\ 0.597& 0.609& 0.599& 0.698& 1& 0.768& 0.466& 0.664& 0.616& 0.701& 0.688& 0.547& 0.818& 0.737& 0.591& 0.666\\ 0.713& 0.689& 0.799& 0.562& 0.768& 1& 0.572& 0.782& 0.716& 0.795& 0.760& 0.675& 0.712& 0.617& 0.627& 0.694\\ 0.351& 0.689& 0.557& 0.320& 0.466& 0.572& 1& 0.620& 0.536& 0.655& 0.626& 0.595& 0.450& 0.495& 0.491& 0.664\\ 0.797& 0.653& 0.741& 0.586& 0.664& 0.782& 0.620& 1& 0.770& 0.717& 0.730& 0.601& 0.562& 0.663& 0.659& 0.668\\ 0.625& 0.635& 0.725& 0.674& 0.616& 0.716& 0.536& 0.770& 1& 0.737& 0.676& 0.725& 0.764& 0.627& 0.669& 0.694\\ 0.726& 0.696& 0.668& 0.621& 0.701& 0.795& 0.655& 0.717& 0.737& 1& 0.815& 0.702& 0.681& 0.728& 0.702& 0.841\\ 0.805& 0.655& 0.581& 0.572& 0.688& 0.760& 0.626& 0.730& 0.676& 0.815& 1& 0.581& 0.620& 0.679& 0.667& 0.776\\ 0.554& 0.628& 0.726& 0.503& 0.547& 0.675& 0.595& 0.601& 0.725& 0.702& 0.581& 1& 0.723& 0.582& 0.588& 0.607\\ 0.489& 0.647& 0.643& 0.694& 0.818& 0.712& 0.450& 0.562& 0.764& 0.681& 0.620& 0.723& 1& 0.635& 0.591& 0.630\\ 0.642& 0.438& 0.606& 0.781& 0.737& 0.617& 0.495& 0.663& 0.627& 0.728& 0.679& 0.582& 0.635& 1& 0.762& 0.741\\ 0.674& 0.584& 0.664& 0.757& 0.591& 0.627& 0.491& 0.659& 0.669& 0.702& 0.667& 0.588& 0.591& 0.762& 1& 0.671\\ 0.709& 0.637& 0.607& 0.606& 0.666& 0.694& 0.664& 0.668& 0.694& 0.841& 0.776& 0.607& 0.630& 0.741& 0.671& 1\end{array}\right]$
基于模糊等价关系的聚类分析,聚类矩阵必须具备模糊等价特性,即应满足3个基本条件[27]:①自反性,即γij=1(i=j);②对称性,即γij=γji(i,j=1,2,…n);③传递性,即R$\circ$ RR。当条件均能满足时,方可进行模糊聚类分析。由于关系矩阵R自反性和对称性均满足,而传递性是否满足,需要对相似矩阵进行满足传递性的转换。在此运用传递闭包法验证其传递性,即
$\boldsymbol{R} \circ \boldsymbol{R} \subseteq \boldsymbol{R}^{2}, \boldsymbol{R}^{2} \circ \boldsymbol{R}^{2} \subseteq \boldsymbol{R}^{4}, \boldsymbol{R}^{2 k} \circ \boldsymbol{R}^{2 k} \subseteq \boldsymbol{R}^{4 k}$
式(20)中:“$\circ$”为合成运算符号。合成运算计算方法为
γij=$\stackrel{16}{\underset{k=1}{\vee }}$(γikγkj)
式(21)中:“∧”为取小运算,“∨”为取大运算。
通过式(19)和式(21)联立可得R2如式(22)所示。
R2=$\left[\begin{array}{llllllllllllllll}1& 0.696& 0.741& 0.674& 0.713& 0.782& 0.674& 0.797& 0.770& 0.805& 0.805& 0.702& 0.712& 0.726& 0.702& 0.776\\ 0.696& 1& 0.689& 0.647& 0.696& 0.696& 0.689& 0.696& 0.696& 0.696& 0.696& 0.696& 0.689& 0.696& 0.696& 0.696\\ 0.741& 0.689& 1& 0.674& 0.768& 0.799& 0.655& 0.782& 0.741& 0.795& 0.760& 0.726& 0.725& 0.668& 0.669& 0.694\\ 0.674& 0.647& 0.674& 1& 0.737& 0.698& 0.621& 0.674& 0.694& 0.728& 0.688& 0.694& 0.698& 0.781& 0.762& 0.741\\ 0.713& 0.696& 0.768& 0.737& 1& 0.768& 0.664& 0.768& 0.764& 0.768& 0.760& 0.723& 0.818& 0.737& 0.737& 0.737\\ 0.782& 0.696& 0.799& 0.698& 0.768& 1& 0.689& 0.782& 0.770& 0.795& 0.795& 0.726& 0.768& 0.737& 0.702& 0.795\\ 0.674& 0.689& 0.655& 0.621& 0.664& 0.689& 1& 0.664& 0.664& 0.689& 0.664& 0.655& 0.655& 0.664& 0.664& 0.664\\ 0.797& 0.696& 0.782& 0.674& 0.768& 0.782& 0.664& 1& 0.770& 0.782& 0.797& 0.726& 0.764& 0.717& 0.702& 0.730\\ 0.770& 0.696& 0.741& 0.694& 0.764& 0.770& 0.664& 0.770& 1& 0.737& 0.737& 0.725& 0.764& 0.728& 0.702& 0.737\\ 0.805& 0.696& 0.795& 0.728& 0.768& 0.795& 0.689& 0.782& 0.737& 1& 0.815& 0.725& 0.737& 0.741& 0.728& 0.841\\ 0.805& 0.696& 0.760& 0.688& 0.760& 0.795& 0.664& 0.797& 0.737& 0.815& 1& 0.702& 0.712& 0.741& 0.702& 0.815\\ 0.702& 0.696& 0.726& 0.694& 0.723& 0.726& 0.655& 0.726& 0.725& 0.725& 0.702& 1& 0.725& 0.702& 0.702& 0.702\\ 0.712& 0.689& 0.725& 0.698& 0.818& 0.768& 0.655& 0.764& 0.764& 0.737& 0.712& 0.725& 1& 0.737& 0.694& 0.694\\ 0.726& 0.696& 0.668& 0.781& 0.737& 0.737& 0.664& 0.717& 0.728& 0.741& 0.741& 0.702& 0.737& 1& 0.762& 0.741\\ 0.702& 0.696& 0.669& 0.762& 0.737& 0.702& 0.664& 0.702& 0.702& 0.728& 0.702& 0.702& 0.694& 0.762& 1& 0.741\\ 0.776& 0.696& 0.694& 0.741& 0.737& 0.795& 0.664& 0.737& 0.737& 0.841& 0.815& 0.702& 0.694& 0.741& 0.741& 1\end{array}\right]$
进而得到R2$\circ$ R2=R4的运算结果如式(23)所示。
R4=$\left[\begin{array}{llllllllllllllll}1& 0.696& 0.795& 0.741& 0.768& 0.795& 0.689& 0.797& 0.770& 0.805& 0.805& 0.726& 0.768& 0.741& 0.741& 0.805\\ 0.696& 1& 0.696& 0.696& 0.696& 0.696& 0.689& 0.696& 0.696& 0.696& 0.696& 0.696& 0.696& 0.696& 0.696& 0.696\\ 0.795& 0.696& 1& 0.737& 0.768& 0.799& 0.689& 0.782& 0.770& 0.795& 0.795& 0.726& 0.768& 0.741& 0.737& 0.795\\ 0.741& 0.696& 0.737& 1& 0.737& 0.741& 0.689& 0.737& 0.737& 0.741& 0.741& 0.725& 0.737& 0.781& 0.762& 0.741\\ 0.768& 0.696& 0.768& 0.737& 1& 0.768& 0.689& 0.768& 0.768& 0.768& 0.768& 0.726& 0.818& 0.741& 0.737& 0.768\\ 0.795& 0.696& 0.799& 0.741& 0.768& 1& 0.689& 0.795& 0.770& 0.795& 0.795& 0.726& 0.768& 0.741& 0.741& 0.795\\ 0.689& 0.689& 0.689& 0.689& 0.689& 0.689& 1& 0.689& 0.689& 0.689& 0.689& 0.689& 0.689& 0.689& 0.689& 0.689\\ 0.797& 0.696& 0.782& 0.737& 0.768& 0.795& 0.689& 1& 0.770& 0.797& 0.797& 0.726& 0.768& 0.741& 0.737& 0.797\\ 0.770& 0.696& 0.770& 0.737& 0.768& 0.770& 0.689& 0.770& 1& 0.770& 0.770& 0.726& 0.768& 0.737& 0.737& 0.770\\ 0.805& 0.696& 0.795& 0.741& 0.768& 0.795& 0.689& 0.797& 0.770& 1& 0.815& 0.726& 0.768& 0.741& 0.741& 0.841\\ 0.805& 0.696& 0.795& 0.741& 0.768& 0.795& 0.689& 0.797& 0.770& 0.815& 1& 0.726& 0.768& 0.741& 0.741& 0.815\\ 0.726& 0.696& 0.726& 0.725& 0.726& 0.726& 0.689& 0.726& 0.726& 0.726& 0.726& 1& 0.726& 0.726& 0.725& 0.726\\ 0.768& 0.696& 0.768& 0.737& 0.818& 0.768& 0.689& 0.768& 0.768& 0.768& 0.768& 0.726& 1& 0.737& 0.737& 0.768\\ 0.741& 0.696& 0.741& 0.781& 0.741& 0.741& 0.689& 0.741& 0.737& 0.741& 0.741& 0.726& 0.737& 1& 0.762& 0.741\\ 0.741& 0.696& 0.737& 0.762& 0.737& 0.741& 0.689& 0.737& 0.737& 0.741& 0.741& 0.725& 0.737& 0.762& 1& 0.741\\ 0.805& 0.696& 0.795& 0.741& 0.768& 0.795& 0.689& 0.797& 0.770& 0.841& 0.815& 0.726& 0.768& 0.741& 0.741& 1\end{array}\right]$
R4$\circ$ R4=R8的运算结果如式(24)所示。
R8=$\left[\begin{array}{llllllllllllllll}1& 0.696& 0.795& 0.741& 0.768& 0.795& 0.689& 0.797& 0.805& 0.805& 0.805& 0.726& 0.768& 0.741& 0.741& 0.805\\ 0.696& 1& 0.696& 0.696& 0.696& 0.696& 0.689& 0.696& 0.696& 0.696& 0.696& 0.696& 0.696& 0.696& 0.696& 0.696\\ 0.795& 0.696& 1& 0.741& 0.768& 0.799& 0.689& 0.795& 0.795& 0.795& 0.795& 0.726& 0.768& 0.741& 0.741& 0.795\\ 0.741& 0.696& 0.741& 1& 0.741& 0.741& 0.689& 0.741& 0.741& 0.741& 0.741& 0.726& 0.741& 0.781& 0.762& 0.741\\ 0.768& 0.696& 0.768& 0.741& 1& 0.768& 0.689& 0.768& 0.768& 0.768& 0.768& 0.726& 0.818& 0.741& 0.741& 0.768\\ 0.795& 0.696& 0.799& 0.741& 0.768& 1& 0.689& 0.795& 0.795& 0.795& 0.795& 0.726& 0.768& 0.741& 0.741& 0.795\\ 0.689& 0.689& 0.689& 0.689& 0.689& 0.689& 1& 0.689& 0.689& 0.689& 0.689& 0.689& 0.689& 0.689& 0.689& 0.689\\ 0.797& 0.696& 0.795& 0.741& 0.768& 0.795& 0.689& 1& 0.770& 0.797& 0.797& 0.726& 0.768& 0.741& 0.741& 0.797\\ 0.805& 0.696& 0.795& 0.741& 0.768& 0.795& 0.689& 0.770& 1& 0.815& 0.815& 0.726& 0.768& 0.741& 0.741& 0.815\\ 0.805& 0.696& 0.795& 0.741& 0.768& 0.795& 0.689& 0.797& 0.815& 1& 0.815& 0.726& 0.768& 0.741& 0.741& 0.841\\ 0.805& 0.696& 0.795& 0.741& 0.768& 0.795& 0.689& 0.797& 0.815& 0.815& 1& 0.726& 0.768& 0.741& 0.741& 0.815\\ 0.726& 0.696& 0.726& 0.726& 0.726& 0.726& 0.689& 0.726& 0.726& 0.726& 0.726& 1& 0.726& 0.726& 0.726& 0.726\\ 0.768& 0.696& 0.768& 0.741& 0.818& 0.768& 0.689& 0.768& 0.768& 0.768& 0.768& 0.726& 1& 0.741& 0.741& 0.768\\ 0.741& 0.696& 0.741& 0.781& 0.741& 0.741& 0.689& 0.741& 0.741& 0.741& 0.741& 0.726& 0.741& 1& 0.762& 0.741\\ 0.741& 0.696& 0.741& 0.762& 0.741& 0.741& 0.689& 0.741& 0.741& 0.741& 0.741& 0.726& 0.741& 0.762& 1& 0.741\\ 0.805& 0.696& 0.795& 0.741& 0.768& 0.795& 0.689& 0.797& 0.815& 0.841& 0.815& 0.726& 0.768& 0.741& 0.741& 1\end{array}\right]$
R8$\circ$ R8=R16的运算结果如式(25)所示。
R16=$\left[\begin{array}{llllllllllllllll}1& 0.696& 0.795& 0.741& 0.768& 0.795& 0.689& 0.797& 0.805& 0.805& 0.805& 0.726& 0.768& 0.741& 0.741& 0.805\\ 0.696& 1& 0.696& 0.696& 0.696& 0.696& 0.689& 0.696& 0.696& 0.696& 0.696& 0.696& 0.696& 0.696& 0.696& 0.696\\ 0.795& 0.696& 1& 0.741& 0.768& 0.799& 0.689& 0.795& 0.795& 0.795& 0.795& 0.726& 0.768& 0.741& 0.741& 0.795\\ 0.741& 0.696& 0.741& 1& 0.741& 0.741& 0.689& 0.741& 0.741& 0.741& 0.741& 0.726& 0.741& 0.781& 0.762& 0.741\\ 0.768& 0.696& 0.768& 0.741& 1& 0.768& 0.689& 0.768& 0.768& 0.768& 0.768& 0.726& 0.818& 0.741& 0.741& 0.768\\ 0.795& 0.696& 0.799& 0.741& 0.768& 1& 0.689& 0.795& 0.795& 0.795& 0.795& 0.726& 0.768& 0.741& 0.741& 0.795\\ 0.689& 0.689& 0.689& 0.689& 0.689& 0.689& 1& 0.689& 0.689& 0.689& 0.689& 0.689& 0.689& 0.689& 0.689& 0.689\\ 0.797& 0.696& 0.795& 0.741& 0.768& 0.795& 0.689& 1& 0.797& 0.797& 0.797& 0.726& 0.768& 0.741& 0.741& 0.797\\ 0.805& 0.696& 0.795& 0.741& 0.768& 0.795& 0.689& 0.797& 1& 0.815& 0.815& 0.726& 0.768& 0.741& 0.741& 0.815\\ 0.805& 0.696& 0.795& 0.741& 0.768& 0.795& 0.689& 0.797& 0.815& 1& 0.815& 0.726& 0.768& 0.741& 0.741& 0.841\\ 0.805& 0.696& 0.795& 0.741& 0.768& 0.795& 0.689& 0.797& 0.815& 0.815& 1& 0.726& 0.768& 0.741& 0.741& 0.815\\ 0.726& 0.696& 0.726& 0.726& 0.726& 0.726& 0.689& 0.726& 0.726& 0.726& 0.726& 1& 0.726& 0.726& 0.726& 0.726\\ 0.768& 0.696& 0.768& 0.741& 0.818& 0.768& 0.689& 0.768& 0.768& 0.768& 0.768& 0.726& 1& 0.741& 0.741& 0.768\\ 0.741& 0.696& 0.741& 0.781& 0.741& 0.741& 0.689& 0.741& 0.741& 0.741& 0.741& 0.726& 0.741& 1& 0.762& 0.741\\ 0.741& 0.696& 0.741& 0.762& 0.741& 0.741& 0.689& 0.741& 0.741& 0.741& 0.741& 0.726& 0.741& 0.762& 1& 0.741\\ 0.805& 0.696& 0.795& 0.741& 0.768& 0.795& 0.689& 0.815& 0.815& 0.841& 0.815& 0.726& 0.768& 0.741& 0.741& 1\end{array}\right]$
R16$\circ$ R16=R32的运算结果如式(26)所示。
R32=$\left[\begin{array}{llllllllllllllll}1& 0.696& 0.795& 0.741& 0.768& 0.795& 0.689& 0.797& 0.805& 0.805& 0.805& 0.726& 0.768& 0.741& 0.741& 0.805\\ 0.696& 1& 0.696& 0.696& 0.696& 0.696& 0.689& 0.696& 0.696& 0.696& 0.696& 0.696& 0.696& 0.696& 0.696& 0.696\\ 0.795& 0.696& 1& 0.741& 0.768& 0.799& 0.689& 0.795& 0.795& 0.795& 0.795& 0.726& 0.768& 0.741& 0.741& 0.795\\ 0.741& 0.696& 0.741& 1& 0.741& 0.741& 0.689& 0.741& 0.741& 0.741& 0.741& 0.726& 0.741& 0.781& 0.762& 0.741\\ 0.768& 0.696& 0.768& 0.741& 1& 0.768& 0.689& 0.768& 0.768& 0.768& 0.768& 0.726& 0.818& 0.741& 0.741& 0.768\\ 0.795& 0.696& 0.799& 0.741& 0.768& 1& 0.689& 0.795& 0.795& 0.795& 0.795& 0.726& 0.768& 0.741& 0.741& 0.795\\ 0.689& 0.689& 0.689& 0.689& 0.689& 0.689& 1& 0.689& 0.689& 0.689& 0.689& 0.689& 0.689& 0.689& 0.689& 0.689\\ 0.797& 0.696& 0.795& 0.741& 0.768& 0.795& 0.689& 1& 0.797& 0.797& 0.797& 0.726& 0.768& 0.741& 0.741& 0.797\\ 0.805& 0.696& 0.795& 0.741& 0.768& 0.795& 0.689& 0.797& 1& 0.815& 0.815& 0.726& 0.768& 0.741& 0.741& 0.815\\ 0.805& 0.696& 0.795& 0.741& 0.768& 0.795& 0.689& 0.797& 0.815& 1& 0.815& 0.726& 0.768& 0.741& 0.741& 0.841\\ 0.805& 0.696& 0.795& 0.741& 0.768& 0.795& 0.689& 0.797& 0.815& 0.815& 1& 0.726& 0.768& 0.741& 0.741& 0.815\\ 0.726& 0.696& 0.726& 0.726& 0.726& 0.726& 0.689& 0.726& 0.726& 0.726& 0.726& 1& 0.726& 0.726& 0.726& 0.726\\ 0.768& 0.696& 0.768& 0.741& 0.818& 0.768& 0.689& 0.768& 0.768& 0.768& 0.768& 0.726& 1& 0.741& 0.741& 0.768\\ 0.741& 0.696& 0.741& 0.781& 0.741& 0.741& 0.689& 0.741& 0.741& 0.741& 0.741& 0.726& 0.741& 1& 0.762& 0.741\\ 0.741& 0.696& 0.741& 0.762& 0.741& 0.741& 0.689& 0.741& 0.741& 0.741& 0.741& 0.726& 0.741& 0.762& 1& 0.741\\ 0.805& 0.696& 0.795& 0.741& 0.768& 0.795& 0.689& 0.815& 0.815& 0.841& 0.815& 0.726& 0.768& 0.741& 0.741& 1\end{array}\right]$
可以看出R16=R32,此时R32已满足传递性要求,可进行聚类分析。对R32采用不同的阈值λ⊆[0,1]进行截取。当R32中元素γijλ时,记为1;γij<λ时,记为0,由此可得到一系列λ水平截矩阵Rλ。该矩阵为[0,1]矩阵,具有相同特征向量的单元聚为一类。
基于上述分析过程,当0.762≤λ<1时,由模糊等价矩阵R32可得单位矩阵如式(27)所示。此时,焦坪矿区样本巷道围岩稳定性可划分为5类,即{1,3,5,6,8,9,10,11,13,16},{4,14,15},{2},{7},{12}。
$\underset{0.762\le \lambda 1}{R}$=$\left[\begin{array}{llllllllllllllll}1& 0& 1& 0& 1& 1& 0& 1& 1& 1& 1& 0& 0& 0& 0& 1\\ 0& 1& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 1& 0& 1& 0& 1& 1& 0& 1& 1& 1& 1& 0& 1& 0& 0& 1\\ 0& 0& 0& 1& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 1& 1& 0\\ 1& 0& 1& 0& 1& 1& 0& 1& 1& 1& 1& 0& 1& 0& 0& 1\\ 1& 0& 1& 0& 1& 1& 0& 1& 1& 1& 1& 0& 1& 0& 0& 1\\ 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 1& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 1& 0& 1& 0& 1& 1& 0& 1& 1& 1& 1& 0& 1& 0& 0& 1\\ 1& 0& 1& 0& 1& 1& 0& 1& 1& 1& 1& 0& 1& 0& 0& 1\\ 1& 0& 1& 0& 1& 1& 0& 1& 1& 1& 1& 0& 1& 0& 0& 1\\ 1& 0& 1& 0& 1& 1& 0& 1& 1& 1& 1& 0& 1& 0& 0& 1\\ 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 1& 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 1& 0& 1& 0& 1& 1& 0& 1& 1& 1& 1& 0& 1& 0& 0& 1\\ 0& 0& 0& 1& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 1& 1& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 1& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 1& 1& 0\\ 1& 0& 1& 0& 1& 1& 0& 1& 1& 1& 1& 0& 1& 0& 0& 1\end{array}\right]$
同理可得阈值λ分别为1、0.841、0.818、0.815、0.805、0.797、0.795、0.781、0.768、0.741、0.726、0.696及0.689的不同截矩阵,其聚类单元具有不同的分类。逐步归类,具体聚类过程如下。
λ=1时,样本被划分为16类,即{1},{2},{3},{4},{5},{6},{7},{8},{9},{10},{11},{12},{13},{14},{15},{16}。
λ=0.841时,样本被划分为15类,即{10,16},{1},{2},{3},{4},{5},{6},{7},{8},{9},{11},{12},{13},{14},{15}。
λ=0.818时,样本被划分为14类,即{10,16},{5,13},{1},{2},{3},{4},{6},{7},{8},{9},{11},{12},{14},{15}。
λ=0.815时,样本被划分为12类,即{9,10,11,16},{5,13},{1},{2},{3},{4},{6},{7},{8},{12},{14},{15}。
λ=0.805时,样本被划分为11类,即{1,9,10,11,16},{5,13},{2},{3},{4},{6},{7},{8},{12},{14},{15}。
λ=0.799时,样本被划分为10类,即{1,9,10,11,16},{5,13},{3,6},{2},{4},{7},{8},{12},{14},{15}。
λ=0.797时,样本被划分为9类,即{1,8,9,10,11,16},{5,13},{3,6},{2},{4},{7},{12},{14},{15}。
λ=0.795时,样本被划分为8类,即{1,3,6,8,9,10,11,16},{5,13},{2},{4},{7},{12},{14},{15}。
λ=0.781时,样本被划分为7类,即{1,3,6,8,9,10,11,16},{5,13},{4,14},{2},{7},{12},{15}。
λ=0.768时,样本被划分为6类,即{1,3,5,6,8,9,10,11,13,16},{4,14},{2},{7},{12},{15}。
λ=0.741时,样本被划分为4类,即{1,3,4,5,6,8,9,10,11,13,14,15,16},{2},{7},{12}。
λ=0.726时,样本被划分为3类,即{1,3,4,5,6,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16},{2},{7}。
λ=0.696时,样本被划分为2类,即{1,2,3,4,5,6,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16},{7}。
λ=0.689时,所有样本归为一类。
在模糊聚类分析过程中,依据不同阈值λ,可以得到不同的样本巷道分类。阈值λ取值越大,分类数目就越多。在工程实际中,一般依据F统计量法来确定样本巷道的最优分类数目,其计算公式为
F=$\frac{A}{B}$
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}A=\sum _{j=1}^{r}{n}_{j}\sum _{k=1}^{m}\frac{[{\stackrel{-}{x}}_{k}^{\left(j\right)}-{\stackrel{-}{x}}_{k}{]}^{2}}{r-1}\\ B=\sum _{j=1}^{r}\sum _{i=1}^{{n}_{j}}\sum _{k=1}^{m}\frac{[{x}_{ik}^{\left(j\right)}-{\stackrel{-}{x}}_{k}^{\left(j\right)}{]}^{2}}{n-r}\end{array}\right.$
式中:n为样本总数;r为分类数;nj为第j类的样本数量;m为指标数;${\stackrel{-}{x}}_{k}$为聚类样本第k个指标的平均值;${\stackrel{-}{x}}_{k}^{\left(j\right)}$为第j类第k个指标的平均值;${x}_{ik}^{\left(j\right)}$为第j类第i个样本的第k个指标值。
例如,当λ=0.762时,铜川某矿样本巷道稳定性被划分为5大类,此时统计量F的计算过程如下。
(1)各指标平均值${\stackrel{-}{x}}_{k}$的计算。根据表5中16个样本巷道10个指标的原始数据,可以分别求出各指标平均值分别为${\stackrel{-}{x}}_{k}$=49.188,43.824,11.126,938.313,481.375,65.625,13.313,1.256,1.208及5.750。
(2)不同类别下各指标平均值${\stackrel{-}{x}}_{k}^{\left(j\right)}$的计算:对于第1类{1,3,5,6,8,9,10,11,13,16}的10个样本巷道,其不同指标的平均值分别为${\stackrel{-}{x}}_{k}^{\left(1\right)}$=48.262,42.443,12.035,935.2,470.7,67,13.9,1.279,1.258,5.5。同理可得其他4个类别下不同指标平均值分别为${\stackrel{-}{x}}_{k}^{\left(2\right)}$=55.663,41.927,8.653,868.667,462,63.333,10.333,1.02,0.86,6;${\stackrel{-}{x}}_{k}^{\left(3\right)}$=48.51,55.31,13.65,985,545,60,15,1.55,1.28,4;${\stackrel{-}{x}}_{k}^{\left(4\right)}$=45,50,5.69,1 020,552,80,16,1.55,1.28,8;${\stackrel{-}{x}}_{k}^{\left(5\right)}$=43.88,45.66,12.36,1 050,512,50,12,1.14,1.55,7。
(3)分子A的计算。对于第1个类别{1,3,5,6,8,9,10,11,13,16}的10个样本巷道,当分类数r=5,n1=10,m=10时,将其指标均值${\stackrel{-}{x}}_{k}^{\left(1\right)}$与总指标平均值${\stackrel{-}{x}}_{k}$代入式(30),第1个类别下F计算式的分子为A1=10(0.214 1+0.476 6+0.206 7+2.421 9+28.488 9+0.472 7+0.086 3+0.000 1+0.000 7+0.015 6)=323.837 4。
依此类推,可以得到第2~5类别下不同F计算式的分子大小分别为A2=3 968.958 1、A3=1 601.068 0、A4=2 991.245 9、A5=3 423.153 0,则统计量F分子A=A1+A2+…+A5=12 308.262 4。
对于第1个类别{1,3,5,6,8,9,10,11,13,16}的10个样本巷道,当分类数r=5,n=16,n1=10,m=10时,将表5中第1个类别下10个样本的各指标初始值${x}_{ik}^{\left(1\right)}$与相应各指标的平均值${\stackrel{-}{x}}_{k}^{\left(1\right)}$代入式(30),可以得到第1个类别下统计量F计算式的分母B1=675.137 8+2 007.114 9+80.055 4+37.754 5+927.396 1+209.448 2+252.976 7+373.759 5+308.524 8+71.173 7=4943.341 6。
依此类推,可以得到第2~5类别下不同统计量F计算式的分母大小分别为B2=118.110 8、B3=0、B4=0、B5=0,则统计量F分母B=B1+B2+…+B5=5 061.452 4。
AB的值代入式(28)可得统计量F=2.43。基于上述分析过程,同理可得其他阈值λ及其相应分类数条件下的统计量F值。由文献[28-29]可知0.05可信度下自由度为(r-1,n-r)时不同巷道稳定性分类数的统计值F0.05(r-1,n-r)。例如,当样本巷道数n=16,分类数r=5时,0.05可信度下的统计值为
F0.05(5-1,16-5)=3.36
同理,由文献[29]可查得其他分类数条件下的统计值F0.05。当焦坪矿区样本巷道分类数由2增加至15时,相应的阈值λ、统计量F值及其在0.05可信度下的统计值F0.05值如表7所示。根据数理统计方差分析理论,FF0.05之间的差值越大,表明不同样本之间的差异性越显著,分类效果越好。
表7可知,当阈值λ=0.762,分类数r=5时,FF0.05之间差异性最为显著。因此,将焦坪矿区16条样本巷道稳定性分为非常稳定(Ⅰ)、稳定(Ⅱ)、基本稳定(Ⅲ)、不稳定(Ⅳ)及极不稳定(Ⅴ)共5大类最为合理。巷道稳定性综合评价值[25]
Ψ=WX
式(31)中:W为指标权重集;X为样本巷道指标标准化后数据集。
对于某一稳定性类别,当存在多个样本巷道时,取各样本巷道综合评价值的均值作为该稳定性类别的综合评价值。由表3及式(31)计算各稳定性类别下的综合评价值。例如,巷道非常稳定时的综合评价值为
ψ=0.38×0.10+…+1×0.05=0.86
同理可得其他巷道稳定性类别的综合评价值。按照综合评价值大小对分类结果进行排序,焦坪矿区样本巷道分类结果如表8所示。
将各样本指标初始值的均值作为聚类中心各指标的标准值。根据表8聚类分析结果,结合表5表6相关数据构建焦坪矿区巷道围岩稳定性聚类中心,如表9所示。
在建立焦坪矿区巷道稳定性聚类中心的基础上,通过将新掘巷道的10个关键参数代入式(16)中进行标准化处理,再利用式(31)计算新掘巷道围岩稳定性综合评价值,并与聚类中心综合评价值进行对比分析,即可准确预测新掘巷道围岩的稳定性类别,进而合理设计围岩的支护方案及其参数。
基于上述焦坪矿区巷道的不同稳定性分类结果,通过对焦坪矿区不同类别巷道变形破坏特征进行研究,针对性地提出不同稳定性条件下焦坪矿区巷道合理支护对策如表10所示,实现巷道的差异化支护。
玉华矿2407工作面主要可采煤层为侏罗纪4-2煤层,回风顺槽倾向长度为1 620 m,平均埋深490 m,煤层厚度为5.0~10.0 m,平均厚度7.4 m。2407回风顺槽开挖时,巷道顶板沿煤层上部炭质泥岩掘进,顺槽断面为典型的矩形巷道,巷道宽度为5.0 m,巷帮高4.0 m。现将2407新掘回风顺槽按照倾向长度采用400 m等间距划分为4个区段进行围岩稳定性预测,并结合表5样本巷道数据及式(18)进行标准化处理。预测断面各指标初始值及其标准化计算结果如表11所示。
根据表3各指标权重集和表10中断面1各指标标准化值,由式(31)可得玉华矿2407回风顺槽区段1的稳定性综合评价值为
ψ1=0.27×0.10+…+0.43×0.05=0.42
同理可得区段2~4的综合评价值分别为0.44、0.50及0.51。将各断面综合评价值与表9聚类中心综合评价值范围进行比较,可知2407回风顺槽区段1、2处于不稳定状态,区段3、4处于基本稳定状态。
根据2407工作面回风顺槽具体工程地质条件,结合表11所示的支护标准,确定回风顺槽支护方案及参数。
(1)顶板支护。采用锚杆+锚索联合支护。每排布设5根Φ17.8 mm的预应力钢绞线,锚索长度为8 500 mm,锚固长度3 000 mm,间排距为1 200 mm×1 200 mm,中部锚索角度均与顶板垂直,两端锚索竖直方向可有30°左右的偏角;每排布设6根Φ20 mm的左旋螺纹钢锚杆,锚杆长度为2 400 mm,锚固长度900 mm,间排距为900 mm×900 mm,锚杆角度均与顶板垂直。
(2)巷帮支护。采用全锚杆支护。每排布设5根Φ20 mm的左旋螺纹钢锚杆,锚杆长度为2 400 mm,锚固长度900 mm,间排距为900 mm×900 mm,顶端锚杆距顶板200 mm,底端锚杆距底板200 mm,锚杆水平方向可有10°左右的偏角。
(3)底板支护。采用全锚杆支护。每排布设7根锚杆,其中底板中部锚杆采用Φ20 mm的左旋螺纹钢锚杆,锚杆长度为2 400 mm,锚固长度900 mm;底板锁脚锚杆采用Φ20 mm的左旋螺纹钢锚杆,锚杆长度为3 000 mm,锚固长度1 200 mm,底板锚杆间排距为1 000 mm×1 000 mm,锁脚锚杆竖直方向可有30°左右的偏角。因此,2407回风顺槽1、2区段围岩支护结构如图2所示。
(1)顶板支护。采用锚杆+锚索联合支护。每排布设5根Φ17.8 mm的预应力钢绞线,锚索长度为8 000 mm,锚固长度2 800 mm,间排距为1 200 mm×1 000 mm,中部锚索角度与顶板垂直,两端锚索竖直方向可有30°左右的偏角;每排布设6根Φ20 mm的左旋螺纹钢锚杆,锚杆长度为2 200 mm,锚固长度800 mm,间排距为800 mm×800 mm,锚杆角度均与顶板垂直。
(2)巷帮支护。采用全锚杆支护。每排布设5根Φ20 mm的左旋螺纹钢锚杆,锚杆长度为2 200 mm,锚固长度800 mm,间排距为900 mm×900 mm,顶角锚杆距顶板200 mm,底角锚杆距底板200 mm,锚杆水平方向可有10°左右的偏角。因此,2407回风顺槽3、4区段围岩支护结构如图3所示。
在2407回风顺槽掘进过程中,采用设计的支护方案对巷道围岩进行支护,采用“十字交叉法”布置4个测站,对巷道两帮、顶底板的位移变形量进行监测,监测结果如图4所示。
巷道开掘期,巷道顶底板变形速度相对较快,平均移近速度可达3.5 mm/d,32 d后顶底板变形趋于稳定,顶底板移 近速度小于1.2 mm/d,50 d后巷道顶底板最大移近量为147 mm;掘巷初期两帮收敛速度达3.1 mm/d,28 d后巷道收敛速度小于1 mm/d,50 d后两帮最大移近量为107 mm。现场监测结果表明,根据模糊聚类分类方法所选取的支护方案可以有效地维持巷道围岩稳定,支护取得了较好的围岩控制效果,如图5所示。
(1)实际工程中,巷道稳定性受工程地质条件和开采技术条件的综合影响,现有巷道围岩支护方案及其参数设计存在一定的不合理性和盲目性,需要在围岩稳定性合理分类的基础上,将“一巷一策”和“多巷一策”的传统支护方式向“一巷多策”的差异性动态支护转变,方能获得较好的支护效果。
(2)依据铜川某矿样本巷道的围岩稳定性指标,基于模糊聚类分析理论,构建了巷道稳定性聚类中心,并通过F-统计量法选取最优分类数,将铜川某矿巷道围岩稳定性分为5个类别,即非常稳定(Ⅰ类)、稳定(Ⅱ类)、基本稳定(Ⅲ类)、不稳定(Ⅳ类)和极不稳定(Ⅴ类),并提出了不同稳定性类别下的围岩支护对策。
(3)运用上述理论对玉华矿2407回风顺槽的围岩稳定性进行了预测,并提出针对性的支护对策。现场支护试验结果表明,围岩稳定后顶底板最大累计移近量为147 mm,两帮最大累计收敛量为107 mm,围岩变形控制效果良好,满足现场生产要求。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52074208)
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2025年第25卷第5期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2401769
  • 接收时间:2024-03-13
  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
  • 出版时间:2025-02-18
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-13
  • 修回日期:2024-11-20
基金
国家自然科学基金(52074208)
作者信息
    1 西安科技大学建筑与土木工程学院, 西安 710054
    2 西安市轨道交通集团有限公司, 西安 710018
    3 陕西陕煤铜川矿业有限公司, 铜川 727000

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*刘路远(1999—),男,汉族,陕西渭南人,硕士研究生。研究方向:围岩稳定性评价及其支护技术。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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