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With the acceleration of the transition to new energy systems, it is urgent to carry out in-depth research on the complex energy characteristics of multi-load users. A technology of constructing user energy characteristic label library and a user portrait method were proposed, which comprehensively considered the coupling characteristics of electric, cold and thermal multiple loads. Firstly, the high redundancy and low correlation features were eliminated by the fast correlation filtering algorithm, and the features with strong distinguishing ability were selected by the random forest and recursive feature elimination algorithm. In the clustering stage, the improved three-way adaptive density peak clustering (3W-ADPC) algorithm improved the load clustering effect by combining the adaptive neighbor search and the three-branch clustering algorithm. The empirical results show that the proposed method has dual advantages in computational efficiency and clustering accuracy, and can accurately reveal the comprehensive energy use characteristics and deep information of multi-load users, which confirms the practical value of the proposed method in the study of multi-load users’ behavior.
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随着向新型能源体系的转型加速,亟待开展对多元负荷用户的复杂用能特性分析的深入研究。提出了一种综合考量电、冷、热多元负荷耦合特性的用户用能特性标签库构建技术及用户画像方法。首先运用快速相关性滤波算法剔除高冗余低相关特征,并通过随机森林和递归式特征消除算法精选出具有强区分能力的用能特征。在聚类阶段,改进的自适应三支密度峰值聚类算法(three-way adaptive density peak clustering,3W-ADPC)通过结合自适应近邻搜索和三支聚类算法提升负荷聚类效果。实证结果表明,所提方法具备在计算效率和聚类精度上的双重优势,能够精准揭示多元负荷用户综合用能特性和深层次信息,证实所提方法在多元负荷用户行为研究中的实用价值。
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赵振宇(1969—),男,满族,辽宁丹东人,博士,教授。研究方向:电力工程项目管理。E-mail:zhaozhenyuxm@263.net。
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赵振宇(1969—),男,满族,辽宁丹东人,博士,教授。研究方向:电力工程项目管理。E-mail:zhaozhenyuxm@263.net。
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Journal of Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation,
2020,
34(11): 33-42., articleTitle=Fine recognition and prediction of resident load pattern based on BIC criterion and weighted Pearson distance, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1225467185359929689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785733578970, awardId=8232013, language=CN, fundingSource=北京市自然科学基金(8232013), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1225467171837493805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785733578970, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225467171866853934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785733578970, companyId=1225467171837493805, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Economic and Management College, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225467171904602672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785733578970, companyId=1225467171837493805, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=华北电力大学经济与管理学院, 北京 102206)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1225467178334470992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785733578970, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
Correlation between labels and user categories, figureFileSmall=hkIJSy8RWTTt9wcdhWSbZw==, figureFileBig=FxSoVZSYigZ0Ivi5e5eViw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467178481271649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785733578970, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
标签与用户类别间的相关度, figureFileSmall=hkIJSy8RWTTt9wcdhWSbZw==, figureFileBig=FxSoVZSYigZ0Ivi5e5eViw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467178812621700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785733578970, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Redundancy between labels, figureFileSmall=iwY9ntuD3upe13IQrD5gmg==, figureFileBig=6OLb2LRwNcDpxiUynpfkzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467179202692003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785733578970, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
标签间的冗余度, figureFileSmall=iwY9ntuD3upe13IQrD5gmg==, figureFileBig=6OLb2LRwNcDpxiUynpfkzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467179534042037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785733578970, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Typical daily load curves for various typical users, figureFileSmall=XkhbhaU6HsXBItEYhwFsAw==, figureFileBig=RM6vHEsDeleJci+qIo6BQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467179768923076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785733578970, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
各类典型用户的典型日负荷曲线 第3类和第4类数据从右侧纵坐标读取;冷负荷1 ton=3.5 kW;热负荷1 mmBtu/h=293.071 1 kW
, figureFileSmall=XkhbhaU6HsXBItEYhwFsAw==, figureFileBig=RM6vHEsDeleJci+qIo6BQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467180247073749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785733578970, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Portraits of different categories of multi-load user energy characteristics, figureFileSmall=dWuv8fyUlux56/M0PHeFMw==, figureFileBig=guWOBepuqVFnnVPXLsNvFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467180549063657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785733578970, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
不同类别多元负荷用户用能特性画像 数字0~10为用能表现水平分数
, figureFileSmall=dWuv8fyUlux56/M0PHeFMw==, figureFileBig=guWOBepuqVFnnVPXLsNvFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467180821692416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785733578970, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Electricity load level labels
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 一级标签 | 二级标签 |
| 短期标签 | 中长期标签 |
| 用电负荷水平 | 工作日平均负荷 非工作日平均负荷 日负荷率 日峰(谷)时负荷率 | 月平均负荷 月负荷率 年丰(枯)期平均月负荷 月峰(谷)期平均日负荷 |
), ArticleFig(id=1225467180981075990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785733578970, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
用电负荷水平标签
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 一级标签 | 二级标签 |
| 短期标签 | 中长期标签 |
| 用电负荷水平 | 工作日平均负荷 非工作日平均负荷 日负荷率 日峰(谷)时负荷率 | 月平均负荷 月负荷率 年丰(枯)期平均月负荷 月峰(谷)期平均日负荷 |
), ArticleFig(id=1225467182482636853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785733578970, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Electricity consumption behavior regularity labels
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 一级标签 | 二级标签 |
| 短期标签 | 中长期标签 |
| 用电行为规律 | 日峰谷差率 日峰值负荷发生时间 峰值负荷利用小时数 | 年、月峰谷差率 年丰期负荷发生时期 年丰期负荷利用月数 月峰值负荷发生时期 月峰值负荷利用天数 |
), ArticleFig(id=1225467182621048899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785733578970, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
用电行为规律标签
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 一级标签 | 二级标签 |
| 短期标签 | 中长期标签 |
| 用电行为规律 | 日峰谷差率 日峰值负荷发生时间 峰值负荷利用小时数 | 年、月峰谷差率 年丰期负荷发生时期 年丰期负荷利用月数 月峰值负荷发生时期 月峰值负荷利用天数 |
), ArticleFig(id=1225467182759460947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785733578970, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Electricity interaction capability labels
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 一级标签 | 二级标签 |
| 短期标签 | 中长期标签 |
| 用电互动能力 | 需求响应潜力熵 基准负荷偏差 削峰潜力 | 平均(最大)需求响应潜力熵 平均基准负荷偏差 平均(最大)削峰潜力 |
), ArticleFig(id=1225467182902067300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785733578970, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
用电互动能力标签
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 一级标签 | 二级标签 |
| 短期标签 | 中长期标签 |
| 用电互动能力 | 需求响应潜力熵 基准负荷偏差 削峰潜力 | 平均(最大)需求响应潜力熵 平均基准负荷偏差 平均(最大)削峰潜力 |
), ArticleFig(id=1225467183015313528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785733578970, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=
Cold (heat) energy consumption labels
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 一级标签 | 二级标签 |
| 短期标签 | 中长期标签 |
| 用冷(热)特性 | 工作日平均负荷 非工作日平均负荷 日负荷率 日峰(谷)时负荷率 日峰谷差率 日峰值负荷发生时间 最大负荷利用小时数 | 月平均负荷 月负荷率 年丰(枯)期平均月负荷 月峰(谷)期平均日负荷 年、月峰谷差率 年丰期负荷发生时期 年丰期负荷利用月数 月峰值负荷发生时期 月峰值负荷利用天数 |
), ArticleFig(id=1225467183174697103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785733578970, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
用冷(热)标签
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 一级标签 | 二级标签 |
| 短期标签 | 中长期标签 |
| 用冷(热)特性 | 工作日平均负荷 非工作日平均负荷 日负荷率 日峰(谷)时负荷率 日峰谷差率 日峰值负荷发生时间 最大负荷利用小时数 | 月平均负荷 月负荷率 年丰(枯)期平均月负荷 月峰(谷)期平均日负荷 年、月峰谷差率 年丰期负荷发生时期 年丰期负荷利用月数 月峰值负荷发生时期 月峰值负荷利用天数 |
), ArticleFig(id=1225467183350857880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785733578970, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=
Labels for coupling characteristics between multiple loads
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 一级标签 | 二级标签 |
| 短期标签 | 中长期标签 |
多元负荷 耦合特性 | 电-热负荷短期信息系数 电-冷负荷短期信息系数 冷-热负荷短期信息系数 | 电-热负荷长期信息系数 电-冷负荷长期信息系数 冷-热负荷长期信息系数 |
), ArticleFig(id=1225467183522824357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785733578970, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
多元负荷耦合特性标签
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 一级标签 | 二级标签 |
| 短期标签 | 中长期标签 |
多元负荷 耦合特性 | 电-热负荷短期信息系数 电-冷负荷短期信息系数 冷-热负荷短期信息系数 | 电-热负荷长期信息系数 电-冷负荷长期信息系数 冷-热负荷长期信息系数 |
), ArticleFig(id=1225467183791259842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785733578970, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=
The optimal feature subset of the two-stage feature optimization strategy
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 一级标签 | 二级标签 |
| 短期标签 | 中长期标签 |
| 用电负荷水平 | 工作日平均负荷 日负荷率 | 月负荷率 |
| 用电行为规律 | — | 年丰期负荷发生时期 年丰期负荷利用月数 |
| 用电互动行为 | 基准负荷偏差 削峰潜力 | 平均需求响应潜力熵 |
| 用冷特性 | — | 月负荷率 年枯期平均月负荷 |
| 用热特性 | 工作日平均负荷 日负荷率 日峰时负荷率 | 月负荷率 年丰期负荷发生时期 |
多元负荷 耦合特性 | 电-热短期负荷相关性 电-冷短期负荷相关性 冷-热短期负荷相关性 | 冷-热长期负荷相关性 |
), ArticleFig(id=1225467184059695311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785733578970, language=CN, label=表6, caption=
两阶段特征优选策略最优特征子集
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 一级标签 | 二级标签 |
| 短期标签 | 中长期标签 |
| 用电负荷水平 | 工作日平均负荷 日负荷率 | 月负荷率 |
| 用电行为规律 | — | 年丰期负荷发生时期 年丰期负荷利用月数 |
| 用电互动行为 | 基准负荷偏差 削峰潜力 | 平均需求响应潜力熵 |
| 用冷特性 | — | 月负荷率 年枯期平均月负荷 |
| 用热特性 | 工作日平均负荷 日负荷率 日峰时负荷率 | 月负荷率 年丰期负荷发生时期 |
多元负荷 耦合特性 | 电-热短期负荷相关性 电-冷短期负荷相关性 冷-热短期负荷相关性 | 冷-热长期负荷相关性 |
), ArticleFig(id=1225467184277799143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785733578970, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=
Comparison of classification performance of different feature sets
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 特征集 | 特征集 维度 | 聚类 准确率/% | 特征选择 过程耗时/s |
| 典型日负荷曲线 | 96 | 79.07 | — |
| 原始特征集 | 76 | 88.97 | — |
| mRMR准则特征集 | 19 | 93.48 | 71.88 |
| RF特征集 | 29 | 94.91 | 21.45 |
| 两阶段特征优选策略特征集 | 19 | 94.06 | 42.65 |
), ArticleFig(id=1225467184479125760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785733578970, language=CN, label=表7, caption=
不同特征集分类性能对比
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 特征集 | 特征集 维度 | 聚类 准确率/% | 特征选择 过程耗时/s |
| 典型日负荷曲线 | 96 | 79.07 | — |
| 原始特征集 | 76 | 88.97 | — |
| mRMR准则特征集 | 19 | 93.48 | 71.88 |
| RF特征集 | 29 | 94.91 | 21.45 |
| 两阶段特征优选策略特征集 | 19 | 94.06 | 42.65 |
), ArticleFig(id=1225467184634315020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785733578970, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=
Comparison of clustering effect of different algorithms
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 特征集 | DVI | DBI | SC | 聚类 准确率/% | 运行 时间/s |
| K-means | 0.34 | 0.57 | 0.57 | 83.45 | 4.22 |
| DPC | 0.21 | 0.51 | 0.59 | 94.06 | 6.87 |
| 自适应最近邻DPC | 0.27 | 0.50 | 0.59 | 95.33 | 13.08 |
| 3W-ADPC | 0.32 | 0.51 | 0.60 | 98.59 | 13.60 |
), ArticleFig(id=1225467184894361896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785733578970, language=CN, label=表8, caption=
不同算法的聚类效果对比
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 特征集 | DVI | DBI | SC | 聚类 准确率/% | 运行 时间/s |
| K-means | 0.34 | 0.57 | 0.57 | 83.45 | 4.22 |
| DPC | 0.21 | 0.51 | 0.59 | 94.06 | 6.87 |
| 自适应最近邻DPC | 0.27 | 0.50 | 0.59 | 95.33 | 13.08 |
| 3W-ADPC | 0.32 | 0.51 | 0.60 | 98.59 | 13.60 |
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