Article(id=1156983785582580551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156983783787421903, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309787, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1702310400000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-12, revisedDate=1731859200000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753776030201, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1739808000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753776030201, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753776030201, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753776030201, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156983783787421903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='5', pageStart='1753', pageEnd='2192', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753776029774, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1769691857141, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1223739602251436918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156983783787421903, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1223739602251436919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156983783787421903, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2090, endPage=2099, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156983786274640719, articleId=1156983785582580551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Prediction of Ground Settlement and Optimization of Tunneling Parameters of Slurry Shield Based on Neural Network, columnId=1156262728772735295, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Traffics and Transportations, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to study the influence of slurry shield tunneling parameters on surface settlement, based on the slurry shield tunneling and monitoring data of the left line of the Hesong-Heshan stacked section of Harbin Metro Line 3 project, based on the BP neural network optimized by genetic algorithm, the different settlement output forms were studied. The tunnel distance label was introduced to optimize the neural network fitting effect, and the parameter sensitivity analysis was carried out according to this network model. Three most sensitive parameters were obtained, and exhaustive tests were carried out to further analyze the specific influence of parameters on surface settlement. The research shows that the surface settlement performance of slurry shield tunneling is not closely related to the tunneling parameters after passing through a certain ring for two days, and the surface settlement analysis can focus on the monitoring value of the day. Before, during and after the shield machine passes through a certain ring, it will have different effects on the surface settlement above the ring. Subsequent research on surface settlement based on neural network can be considered to include this index. Among the parameters of slurry shield tunneling, reducing slurry viscosity and increasing slurry specific gravity can control surface subsidence, and increasing propulsion speed can reduce the impact of construction on surface subsidence.

, correspAuthors=Feng-kai ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xu-dong REN, Feng-kai ZHANG, Wan-tao DING, Yu-ting LIU, Tian-jing XU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156983973713892303, articleId=1156983785582580551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=基于神经网络的泥水盾构地表沉降预测与掘进参数优化, columnId=1156262730664366426, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·交通运输, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为研究泥水盾构掘进参数对地表沉降的影响,依托哈尔滨地铁3号线工程河松—河山叠落区间左线泥水盾构掘进与监测数据,基于遗传算法优化的BP神经网络,针对不同沉降输出形式展开研究,引入隧道距离标签,优化了神经网络拟合效果,并根据此网络模型进行参数敏感性分析,得出3项最敏感参数,并进行穷举试验,进一步分析参数对地表沉降的具体影响效果。研究表明:泥水盾构掘进在穿过某一环2 d后,其地表沉降表现与掘进参数关联性不密切,地表沉降分析可以聚焦于当日监测值;盾构机穿过某一环前、中、后会对该环上方的地表沉降产生不同的影响,后续基于神经网络对地表沉降的研究可考虑纳入该项指标;泥水盾构掘进参数中,降低泥浆黏度和提高泥浆密度可控制地表下沉,提高推进速度可以降低施工对地表沉降的影响。

, correspAuthors=张凤凯, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
">*张凤凯(1993—),男,汉族,山东临清人,博士,博士后。研究方向:模拟成像、地震反演、探地雷达数据处理等。E-mail:
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任旭东(1999—),男,汉族,山西介休人,硕士研究生。研究方向:隧道监测与安全评价。E-mail:

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任旭东(1999—),男,汉族,山西介休人,硕士研究生。研究方向:隧道监测与安全评价。E-mail:

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任旭东(1999—),男,汉族,山西介休人,硕士研究生。研究方向:隧道监测与安全评价。E-mail:

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Changsha: Hunan University, 2003., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1225467182440690407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785582580551, awardId=52109130, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(52109130), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1225467182591685365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785582580551, awardId=2022M711930, language=CN, fundingSource=中国博士后科学基金(2022M711930), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1225467166246482722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785582580551, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225467166259065637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785582580551, companyId=1225467166246482722, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Geotechnical and Structural 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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785582580551, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Spatial relationship diagram of upper and lower tunnels in interval overlapping section, figureFileSmall=411CjzOYY6JjdHYj8pIyIg==, figureFileBig=RpQwWtjlLlaKfvipT0Vyzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467174433763547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785582580551, language=CN, label=图3, caption=区间叠落段上、下隧道空间关系图, figureFileSmall=411CjzOYY6JjdHYj8pIyIg==, figureFileBig=RpQwWtjlLlaKfvipT0Vyzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467174656061670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785582580551, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=The layout map of surface subsidence monitoring points between Hesong-Heshan area, figureFileSmall=A+muPZIuaa6aTh+qfwqzoA==, figureFileBig=eX9uwaHkVIvYqdPE3an8iQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467174853193975, 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language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Training results after adding distance labels to the input parameters, figureFileSmall=znWXkIDrbvZfwZ4ZNJ5NGg==, figureFileBig=Dy4JEWC6qziu9nH1LLddYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467178644845020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785582580551, language=CN, label=图11, caption=输入参数加入距离标签后的训练结果, figureFileSmall=znWXkIDrbvZfwZ4ZNJ5NGg==, figureFileBig=Dy4JEWC6qziu9nH1LLddYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467178862948854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785582580551, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=The determinable coefficient and fitting function of each set, figureFileSmall=SgZn2WtYh637esU6bUVs/g==, figureFileBig=MeGvFPQDZXsOngpKAeZ6KA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467179039109640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785582580551, language=CN, label=图12, caption=各集合可决系数与拟合函数, figureFileSmall=SgZn2WtYh637esU6bUVs/g==, figureFileBig=MeGvFPQDZXsOngpKAeZ6KA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467179173327379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785582580551, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Parameter optimization process of sensitivity analysis, figureFileSmall=G1n9iy5GjMgAPnMdJEoNkA==, figureFileBig=e0KVJPiSVnPml8mGaEvyaw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467179349488160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785582580551, language=CN, label=图13, caption=敏感分析参数优化流程, figureFileSmall=G1n9iy5GjMgAPnMdJEoNkA==, figureFileBig=e0KVJPiSVnPml8mGaEvyaw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467179492094514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785582580551, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=Settlement exhaustive three-dimensional results schematic diagram, figureFileSmall=WZN6OA+S+hiDngdIi9YENQ==, figureFileBig=9ARx+3HwDZi1lOspQfW2jg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467179613729349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785582580551, language=CN, label=图14, caption=沉降穷举三维结果示意图, figureFileSmall=WZN6OA+S+hiDngdIi9YENQ==, figureFileBig=9ARx+3HwDZi1lOspQfW2jg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225467179747947093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785582580551, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Training parameter type table

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类型 参数 取值范围 标签编号
掘进参数
(输入)
切口水压/MPa 0.25~0.27 1
推力/kN 25 000~30 000 2
扭矩/(kN·m) ≤ 1 500 3
推进速度1/(mm·min-1) 20 4
推进速度2/(mm·min-1) 20 5
推进速度3/(mm·min-1) 20 6
同步注浆压力/MPa 0.2~0.4 7
同步注浆方量/m3 5~6 8
出渣/m3 23.5~40 9
泥浆黏度/s 23~27 10
泥浆密度/(g·cm-3) 1.15~1.3 11
地表沉降
(输出)
隧道轴线处累计
沉降值/mm
-90~10 12
), ArticleFig(id=1225467179924107879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785582580551, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

训练参数类型表

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类型 参数 取值范围 标签编号
掘进参数
(输入)
切口水压/MPa 0.25~0.27 1
推力/kN 25 000~30 000 2
扭矩/(kN·m) ≤ 1 500 3
推进速度1/(mm·min-1) 20 4
推进速度2/(mm·min-1) 20 5
推进速度3/(mm·min-1) 20 6
同步注浆压力/MPa 0.2~0.4 7
同步注浆方量/m3 5~6 8
出渣/m3 23.5~40 9
泥浆黏度/s 23~27 10
泥浆密度/(g·cm-3) 1.15~1.3 11
地表沉降
(输出)
隧道轴线处累计
沉降值/mm
-90~10 12
), ArticleFig(id=1225467180108657276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785582580551, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Part of the excavation parameter data

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环号 切口
水压/MPa
推力/kN 扭矩/
(kN·m)
推进速度/
(mm·min-1)
同步注浆
压力/MPa
同步注浆
方量/m3
出渣/m3 泥浆
黏度/s
泥浆密度/
(g·cm-3)
1 0.23 16 000.00 900.00 15,11,13 0.30 3.9 29.30 24.71 1.16
2 0.24 17 000.00 980.00 15,17,15 0.30 4.0 29.60 25.44 1.16
3 0.22 17 200.00 800.00 12,15,15 0.31 4.0 24.10 23.30 1.17
4 0.22 17 000.00 760.00 15,16,15 0.32 3.0 29.20 23.50 1.18
5 0.22 16 800.00 900.00 18,16,18 0.31 4.0 32.20 23.17 1.17
6 0.22 16 500.00 870.00 15,17,16 0.31 4.3 27.60 23.25 1.18
7 0.24 17 100.00 920.00 14,13,15 0.30 4.0 29.40 23.60 1.15
8 0.24 17 825.00 893.00 14,17,15 0.30 5.0 29.30 23.60 1.17
9 0.24 17 394.00 942.00 14,17,13 0.30 5.6 28.90 24.10 1.18
10 0.25 16 500.00 900.00 15,16,14 0.30 4.8 29.30 26.00 1.19
11 0.24 17 532.00 930.00 13,13,15 0.30 4.9 29.80 26.00 1.22
12 0.24 17 000.00 940.00 15,16,15 0.30 5.0 29.10 25.80 1.21
13 0.24 16 200.00 820.00 15,16,15 0.30 5.0 29.40 26.60 1.25
14 0.24 17 452.00 973.00 11,14,12 0.35 5.5 29.20 24.20 1.15
15 0.25 18 000.00 970.00 15,15,16 0.36 5.5 29.60 24.20 1.20
16 0.25 17 000.00 900.00 15,14,11 0.40 6.5 31.20 24.60 1.18
17 0.25 17 500.00 987.00 14,14,15 0.35 5.5 29.70 24.40 1.22
18 0.25 16 500.00 960.00 14,16,15 0.26 3.4 25.80 22.40 1.19
19 0.25 18 000.00 950.00 15,16,14 0.26 5.0 34.40 23.20 1.17
20 0.25 17 800.00 900.00 14,15,16 0.26 5.2 30.10 23.30 1.23
21 0.25 18 000.00 800.00 15,16,15 0.27 4.5 31.10 23.30 1.17
22 0.26 18 200.00 980.00 15,14,15 0.26 5.4 39.36 20.35 1.23
23 0.26 17 000.00 900.00 14,15,14 0.26 5.6 33.60 21.60 1.20
24 0.26 17 300.00 730.00 15,16,14 0.26 5.0 36.15 25.80 1.17
25 0.26 18 800.00 880.00 12,15,13 0.27 5.4 35.55 26.25 1.23
), ArticleFig(id=1225467180259652240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785582580551, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

部分掘进参数数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
环号 切口
水压/MPa
推力/kN 扭矩/
(kN·m)
推进速度/
(mm·min-1)
同步注浆
压力/MPa
同步注浆
方量/m3
出渣/m3 泥浆
黏度/s
泥浆密度/
(g·cm-3)
1 0.23 16 000.00 900.00 15,11,13 0.30 3.9 29.30 24.71 1.16
2 0.24 17 000.00 980.00 15,17,15 0.30 4.0 29.60 25.44 1.16
3 0.22 17 200.00 800.00 12,15,15 0.31 4.0 24.10 23.30 1.17
4 0.22 17 000.00 760.00 15,16,15 0.32 3.0 29.20 23.50 1.18
5 0.22 16 800.00 900.00 18,16,18 0.31 4.0 32.20 23.17 1.17
6 0.22 16 500.00 870.00 15,17,16 0.31 4.3 27.60 23.25 1.18
7 0.24 17 100.00 920.00 14,13,15 0.30 4.0 29.40 23.60 1.15
8 0.24 17 825.00 893.00 14,17,15 0.30 5.0 29.30 23.60 1.17
9 0.24 17 394.00 942.00 14,17,13 0.30 5.6 28.90 24.10 1.18
10 0.25 16 500.00 900.00 15,16,14 0.30 4.8 29.30 26.00 1.19
11 0.24 17 532.00 930.00 13,13,15 0.30 4.9 29.80 26.00 1.22
12 0.24 17 000.00 940.00 15,16,15 0.30 5.0 29.10 25.80 1.21
13 0.24 16 200.00 820.00 15,16,15 0.30 5.0 29.40 26.60 1.25
14 0.24 17 452.00 973.00 11,14,12 0.35 5.5 29.20 24.20 1.15
15 0.25 18 000.00 970.00 15,15,16 0.36 5.5 29.60 24.20 1.20
16 0.25 17 000.00 900.00 15,14,11 0.40 6.5 31.20 24.60 1.18
17 0.25 17 500.00 987.00 14,14,15 0.35 5.5 29.70 24.40 1.22
18 0.25 16 500.00 960.00 14,16,15 0.26 3.4 25.80 22.40 1.19
19 0.25 18 000.00 950.00 15,16,14 0.26 5.0 34.40 23.20 1.17
20 0.25 17 800.00 900.00 14,15,16 0.26 5.2 30.10 23.30 1.23
21 0.25 18 000.00 800.00 15,16,15 0.27 4.5 31.10 23.30 1.17
22 0.26 18 200.00 980.00 15,14,15 0.26 5.4 39.36 20.35 1.23
23 0.26 17 000.00 900.00 14,15,14 0.26 5.6 33.60 21.60 1.20
24 0.26 17 300.00 730.00 15,16,14 0.26 5.0 36.15 25.80 1.17
25 0.26 18 800.00 880.00 12,15,13 0.27 5.4 35.55 26.25 1.23
), ArticleFig(id=1225467180410647197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785582580551, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Sensitivity analysis index

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数
指标
总效应
指数ST
一阶影响
指数S
参数
指标
总效应
指数ST
一阶影响
指数S
掘进状态 0 0.000 1 速度1 0.321 3 0.015 8
切口水压 0.118 9 0.044 7 速度2 0.080 9 -0.003 6
推力 0.201 1 -0.019 3 速度3 0.357 3 0.074 6
扭矩 0.114 4 0.023 8 出渣 0.174 4 0.029 8
注浆压力 0.030 9 -0.000 6 泥浆黏度 0.391 4 0.011 1
注浆方量 0.185 9 -0.012 0 泥浆密度 0.768 5 0.304 5
), ArticleFig(id=1225467180666499766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785582580551, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

敏感性分析指数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数
指标
总效应
指数ST
一阶影响
指数S
参数
指标
总效应
指数ST
一阶影响
指数S
掘进状态 0 0.000 1 速度1 0.321 3 0.015 8
切口水压 0.118 9 0.044 7 速度2 0.080 9 -0.003 6
推力 0.201 1 -0.019 3 速度3 0.357 3 0.074 6
扭矩 0.114 4 0.023 8 出渣 0.174 4 0.029 8
注浆压力 0.030 9 -0.000 6 泥浆黏度 0.391 4 0.011 1
注浆方量 0.185 9 -0.012 0 泥浆密度 0.768 5 0.304 5
), ArticleFig(id=1225467180762968767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785582580551, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Non-independent variable index mathematical statistics results

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参数指标 平均数 众数 两者差距
百分比/%
切口水压 0.17 0.13 24.31
推力 21 711.69 21 093.00 2.85
扭矩 818.09 727.00 11.13
同步注浆压力 0.30 0.26 14.42
同步注浆方量 5.29 5.10 3.55
出渣 29.67 29.20 1.59
), ArticleFig(id=1225467180960101069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156983785582580551, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

非自变量指标数理统计结果

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参数指标 平均数 众数 两者差距
百分比/%
切口水压 0.17 0.13 24.31
推力 21 711.69 21 093.00 2.85
扭矩 818.09 727.00 11.13
同步注浆压力 0.30 0.26 14.42
同步注浆方量 5.29 5.10 3.55
出渣 29.67 29.20 1.59
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基于神经网络的泥水盾构地表沉降预测与掘进参数优化
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任旭东 1, 2 , 张凤凯 1, 3, * , 丁万涛 1, 2 , 刘宇婷 4 , 徐天婧 4
科学技术与工程 | 论文·交通运输 2025,25(5): 2090-2099
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·交通运输 2025, 25(5): 2090-2099
基于神经网络的泥水盾构地表沉降预测与掘进参数优化
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任旭东1, 2 , 张凤凯1, 3, * , 丁万涛1, 2, 刘宇婷4, 徐天婧4
作者信息
  • 1 山东大学岩土与结构工程研究中心, 济南 250061
  • 2 山东大学齐鲁交通学院, 济南 250061
  • 3 山东大学土建与水利学院, 济南 250061
  • 4 哈尔滨地铁集团有限公司, 哈尔滨 150000
  • 任旭东(1999—),男,汉族,山西介休人,硕士研究生。研究方向:隧道监测与安全评价。E-mail:

通讯作者:

">*张凤凯(1993—),男,汉族,山东临清人,博士,博士后。研究方向:模拟成像、地震反演、探地雷达数据处理等。E-mail:
Prediction of Ground Settlement and Optimization of Tunneling Parameters of Slurry Shield Based on Neural Network
Xu-dong REN1, 2 , Feng-kai ZHANG1, 3, * , Wan-tao DING1, 2, Yu-ting LIU4, Tian-jing XU4
Affiliations
  • 1 Geotechnical and Structural Engineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
  • 2 School of Qilu Transportation, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
  • 3 School of Civil Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
  • 4 Harbin Metro Group Co., Ltd., Harbin 150000, China
出版时间: 2025-02-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309787
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为研究泥水盾构掘进参数对地表沉降的影响,依托哈尔滨地铁3号线工程河松—河山叠落区间左线泥水盾构掘进与监测数据,基于遗传算法优化的BP神经网络,针对不同沉降输出形式展开研究,引入隧道距离标签,优化了神经网络拟合效果,并根据此网络模型进行参数敏感性分析,得出3项最敏感参数,并进行穷举试验,进一步分析参数对地表沉降的具体影响效果。研究表明:泥水盾构掘进在穿过某一环2 d后,其地表沉降表现与掘进参数关联性不密切,地表沉降分析可以聚焦于当日监测值;盾构机穿过某一环前、中、后会对该环上方的地表沉降产生不同的影响,后续基于神经网络对地表沉降的研究可考虑纳入该项指标;泥水盾构掘进参数中,降低泥浆黏度和提高泥浆密度可控制地表下沉,提高推进速度可以降低施工对地表沉降的影响。

神经网络  /  泥水盾构  /  地表沉降  /  敏感分析  /  参数优化

In order to study the influence of slurry shield tunneling parameters on surface settlement, based on the slurry shield tunneling and monitoring data of the left line of the Hesong-Heshan stacked section of Harbin Metro Line 3 project, based on the BP neural network optimized by genetic algorithm, the different settlement output forms were studied. The tunnel distance label was introduced to optimize the neural network fitting effect, and the parameter sensitivity analysis was carried out according to this network model. Three most sensitive parameters were obtained, and exhaustive tests were carried out to further analyze the specific influence of parameters on surface settlement. The research shows that the surface settlement performance of slurry shield tunneling is not closely related to the tunneling parameters after passing through a certain ring for two days, and the surface settlement analysis can focus on the monitoring value of the day. Before, during and after the shield machine passes through a certain ring, it will have different effects on the surface settlement above the ring. Subsequent research on surface settlement based on neural network can be considered to include this index. Among the parameters of slurry shield tunneling, reducing slurry viscosity and increasing slurry specific gravity can control surface subsidence, and increasing propulsion speed can reduce the impact of construction on surface subsidence.

neural networks  /  slurry shield  /  surface subsidence  /  sensitivity analysis  /  parameters optimization
任旭东, 张凤凯, 丁万涛, 刘宇婷, 徐天婧. 基于神经网络的泥水盾构地表沉降预测与掘进参数优化. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (5) : 2090 -2099 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309787
Xu-dong REN, Feng-kai ZHANG, Wan-tao DING, Yu-ting LIU, Tian-jing XU. Prediction of Ground Settlement and Optimization of Tunneling Parameters of Slurry Shield Based on Neural Network[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (5) : 2090 -2099 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309787
随着城市交通压力的不断增大,城市地铁迅速发展,地铁施工所面临的施工环境也越来越复杂。面对特殊地区不良地质环境,隧道下穿重要构建筑物,水下施工等高风险施工情况,需要盾构施工具有更高的安全性和更小的环境影响。泥水盾构施工安全性相较于土压平衡盾构更高,将会是后面隧道施工的常用手段。泥水平衡盾构通过控制泥水仓泥浆压力与开挖面地层水土压力平衡来实现盾构开挖面的稳定,如果施工参数设置不当,可能会造成地表坍塌或隆起,带来严重的施工影响[1],所以泥水盾构施工参数的科学调整优化是十分有意义的。
近年来,国内外不少学者对盾构掘进参数的预测与调整以及隧道施工地表沉降控制进行了研究。在地表沉降预测控制方面,传统采用的方法主要有经验公式法、解析法和数值模拟法[2]。在经验公式法方面,乙珂豪等[3]基于Peck公式和Chapman修正参数,通过参数的经验量化,建立了双线隧道地表沉降的计算公式。在解析法方面,詹涛等[4]利用 Mindlin 解建立了小曲率半径隧道盾构施工引起地表沉降的解析计算模型。在数值模拟法方面,王乃勇[5]、王立新等[6]、窦炳珺等[7]等通过数值模拟手段研究了隧道施工对上方地表的沉降影响以及周围构筑物影响。郑刚等[8]通过数理统计与三维模型计算,研究了盾构掘进的多个关键参数对周围地表沉降的影响和盾构掘进各参数之间的相关性。卢华喜等[9]将现场实测数据与数值模拟结果相结合,研究了关键参数对地铁隧道的沉降影响规律。神经网络方法的成熟与发展为盾构参数优化与地表沉降控制提供了有力的工具。李锟等[10]对6个主要掘进参数的相关性进行了定量分析并用多元线性回归和随机森林方法对主要掘进参数进行了建模预测。Bouayad等[11]提出了一种将主成分分析与自适应神经模糊推理系统相结合的方法,对隧洞掘进机(tunnel boring machine,TBM)引起的地表沉降与操作参数和地质参数之间的非线性关系进行了建模预测。李超等[12]采用 BP 人工神经网络方法建立了复合地层条件下盾构掘进参数的预测模型。王伯芝等[13]提出一种集成Dropout技术和深度神经网络模型的盾构掘进速度预测方法。Chen等[14]研究了6种机器学习算法在使用地质条件、盾构运行参数和隧道几何形状3个方面共10个固定输入变量预测隧道沉降方面的性能。Zhou等[15]提出了一种混合算法模型,进行了盾构机不同位置的掘进参数对单个监测点沉降值的预测与分析。从前人研究来看,借助神经网络手段预测盾构参数之间的关系,调整优化盾构参数已有丰富的成果,也研究了不同参数对地表沉降的影响效果来进行沉降控制,但复杂地层条件下,如软土地层叠落隧道等工况,泥水盾构机掘进参数的控制优化相关研究较少,专门针对泥水盾构机的地表沉降控制及掘进参数优化还需要进一步研究。
现依托哈尔滨地铁3号线,借助遗传算法优化后的反向传播(back propagation,BP)神经网络算法对叠落条件下的左线隧道泥水盾构掘进参数与地表沉降值进行非线性映射,选取不同的沉降参数表现作为映射输出,寻找与泥水盾构掘进参数相关性最高的地表沉降表现并建立预测模型,对掘进参数进行敏感度分析,提出泥水盾构施工专门针对地表沉降控制的参数优化方案,提高叠落隧道地表沉降的预测效果,为类似软土地区叠落隧道沉降控制与盾构参数优化提供参考。
哈尔滨地铁3号线河松街站—河山街站区间两端车站均为地下三层明挖车站,区间出河松街站后,由北向南沿着前进路方向延伸,到达安康路后向西沿安康路方向到达河山街站。受前进路桥桩、周围建构筑物限制以及河松街站位的影响,此区间出河松街站后为上下叠落设置,进入康安路后区间开始上下分开平行设置,进入河山街站。左线在上,右线在下。左线长度为834.179 m,右线长度为824.638 m,上、下叠落段长度约600 m,叠落段区间结构外皮竖直距离最小为1.95 m。区间纵向呈V字坡,区间隧道埋置较深,结构埋覆土为11.5~30 m。本区间隧道叠落段侧穿前进路高架桥桥桩,桩长33.5~36.5 m,桩径1.2 m,与隧道水平距离为3.21~7.69 m。
区间采用泥水加压平衡式盾构机施工,盾构左、右线均从河山街站始发,河松街站接收,先施工右线,再施工左线。区间为圆形断面,结构外径为6.0 m,结构内径为5.4 m,管片厚度为0.3 m,环宽1.2 m,错缝拼装,螺栓连接。
根据钻孔揭露,该场地勘察深度内所揭露的地层为第四纪地层。场地地层结构特点为松花江漫滩地貌单元特征,地基土分布不均匀,性质变化较大。表层由杂填土组成,上部地基土主要由粉质黏土组成,下部主要由中粗砂夹厚薄不均的黏性土组成。隧道主要穿越砂层。
根据勘探揭示的地层结构,勘探深度内场地地下水可分为孔隙潜水、孔隙承压水。孔隙潜水主要赋存于第四系全新统冲积层(2-2)层粉砂、(2-3)层细砂、(2-4)层中砂、(2-4-3)层细砂中,地层富水性好,透水性强,该层与松花江水力联系密切。地下水静止水位埋深为2.70~6.50 m,标高113.34~116.22 m。
区间总平面如图1所示,区间地质纵断面如图2所示,区间叠落段上、下隧道空间关系如图3所示。
该区间工程条件复杂,主要风险因素有三点,一是区间所在地质条件复杂,需要注意施工质量与施工安全。二是隧道下穿多座城市构筑物且侧穿桥桩,施工情况对城市影响巨大,对地表沉降控制有更高的要求。三是在已受扰动的土层中掘进施工上线隧道,相对于原状土,土体性质变差,和正常单线隧道相比,隧道上方地层和地表沉降增大,增大了对周边环境带来的影响,可能会引起隧道周边建筑物、地下管线变形超限。所以结合哈尔滨地铁工程需求,针对泥水盾构参数优化进行相应研究,提出科学的参数控制办法,尽量减少地表沉降的不利影响。
哈尔滨地铁3号线河松街站—河山街站区间在隧道轴线正上方地表布置沉降监测点,每隔10环左右布置一个监测点,每隔50~70环进行监测点加密布置,用以判断沉降槽情况,监测点布置情况见如图4所示。现有监测数据为2021年11月29日—2022年8月23日。监测采集区域跟随盾构机掘进位置。获取河松街站—河山街站区间左线泥水盾构掘进台账,即可获得其在左线施工全程的参数值。因此提取现有沉降数据中在左线隧道轴线处正上方的沉降监测点数据,并与盾构机掘进参数形成对应关系。具体参数类型如表1所示。部分掘进参数与对应环号如表2所示。经整理,除去部分缺失参数,可得共计183条可训练数据。
BP网络是一种多层前馈神经网络,信号向前传递,误差反向传播。其拓扑结构为最简单的三层结构,如图5所示[16]。误差反向传播时,会根据预测误差调整其网络权值与阈值,不断优化迭代,最终达到预测拟合的效果。但是其拟合能力具有一定的局限性,针对非线性的复杂系统预测效果一般,故通过非线性寻优办法优化神经网络算法,达到更好的非线性拟合效果。
遗传算法是1962年由Holland提出的一种并行随机搜索最优值的办法,可以根据个体的适应度即误差大小进行个体挑选,同时加入交叉变异环节,优化群体的基础上保留新个体的产出能力,以此不断迭代寻找最优个体。使用遗传算法优化BP神经网络主要通过遗传算法的非线性寻优能力,对BP神经网络的初始权值与阈值进行优化,种群个体为神经网络权值与阈值所构成的矩阵。经过种群初始化、适应度挑选、交叉变异等环节,可以实现BP神经网络的优化,具体优化流程如图6所示。
根据输入输出参数个数,定BP神经网络结构为11-10-1。遗传算法优化种群个数为50个,迭代60代。交叉概率取0.5,变异概率取0.1。
考虑到施工对地表沉降影响的延后性与注浆凝固的稳定时间,提取施工日期2 d后监测点的沉降值为沉降表现形式作为神经网络的输出,与穿过该环时的掘进参数作为对应关系建立联系,通过神经网络训练建立预测模型,研究两者之间的相关性。
同时考虑到施工2 d后的沉降值所反映的地表沉降具有一定的偶然性误差,无法确切表示地表的沉降变化趋势,故将管片上方监测点在施工后的沉降曲线变化趋势作为另一组预测输出。通过拟合函数将沉降曲线拟合到一条直线,将该直线的斜率作为另一类沉降表现形式,作为输出代入神经网络训练。最后可以通过神经网络模型达到预测地表沉降变化的趋势与速度,进而更好地进行施工参数调整,对于水泥盾构施工参数优化具有一定的意义。如图7所示为施工日期之后的沉降曲线拟合示例图。
将上述两种沉降表现形式作为输出,以泥水盾构掘进数据作为输入,分别进行神经网络训练,结果如图8图9所示。
整理上述神经网络训练结果,可得其在不同训练集中的可决系数对比,如图10所示。从可决系数对比来看,两种输出形式的训练集拟合效果都在0.8以上,证明掘进参数与地表沉降值是具有一定的相关性的,但是通过神经网络模型在测试集的应用效果来看并不理想,均在0.8以下。其中预测沉降曲线趋势即使在训练集的拟合效果一般,但在测试集的预测效果仍会比前者要好。但可能由于可训练数据较少,现场可采集的数据有一定的限制,神经网络无法发挥优势,需要对数据进一步挖掘关联,增加数据量。
由于隧道盾构施工过程中会不只是会对隧道上方的地表产生沉降影响,据文献调研[17-19],隧道穿过某一环前期、中期、后期都会对该环上方地表沉降产生不同的影响效应。故为了将这种现象体现在预测模型中,加入掘进机的距离标签,作为输入参数代入神经网络训练。据相关文献结论[20-21],按照掘进15 m作为一个阶段,掘进机在穿过某一环管片时,穿过前15 m、穿过时,以及穿过后15 m作为3种盾构机与沉降监测点的位置关系状态,分别赋值-1、0、1,作为一种标签加入神经网络输入参数,以通过该环当天监测点的沉降值为输出,进行神经网络训练,搭建更贴合工程实际的地表沉降预测模型。同时此时的可训练数据增加至503条,可以发挥神经网络的优势充分挖掘数据关系。
加入距离标签训练后的神经网络计算结果如图11所示,拟合效果如图12所示。
图11图12所示,加入表示盾构机与监测点位置关系的输入标签后,训练集的拟合效果达到了0.97,证明该标签可以更好地体现输入参数对地表沉降的耦合关系。遗传算法优化的BP神经网络在有足够的训练数据后,表现出较好的预测效果,在测试集当中的可决系数达到了0.98,证明该模型可以较准确的预测地表沉降,同时从预测结果来看,对于有较大沉降的点该模型依旧可以准确预测出,证明该模型的预测能力稳定,具有一定的工程参考价值。排除个别误差点后可以看出其沉降与隆起趋势与实际情况基本符合,可以借助此模型进行进一步的参数敏感性分析,进一步挖掘各参数对地表沉降的影响效果。
在所有预测模型中,效果最好的是带距离标签的遗传算法优化的神经网络模型,该模型共有12个掘进参数作为输入,具体各参数间的影响关系需要求解各个盾构掘进参数的敏感度,了解不同掘进参数对地表沉降影响程度的大小,优先调节对地表沉降敏感度较高的掘进参数以达到更好更快的施工优化效果。
敏感性分析方法包括局部敏感性分析和全局敏感性分析两种。全局敏感性分析方法会综合考虑到各个输入值的概率密度分布的影响,同时在分析时,所有输入值都可以同时变化,输入值的变化范围从局部敏感性分析的单个位置附近扩展到了整个输入值的定义域。敏感性分析可以对多因素、非线性和非单调的复杂数学模型进行敏感性分析,目前常用的敏感性分析方法包括Sobol方法、FAST(Fourier amplitude sensitivity test) 方法等[22]。选用Sobol敏感度分析方法分析各参数的敏感度。具体分析流程如图13所示。
结合敏感性分析工具,采用所得拟合度最高的带有距离标签的神经网络作为模型进行敏感性分析,最后所得结果如表3所示。
综合上述结果可以看出总敏感度最高的几个参数分别为泥浆密度、泥浆黏度、掘进速度,其中速度2与其他速度相关联,整个推进速度需综合考虑。故在掘进时需要及时调整泥浆黏度与泥浆密度,合理控制掘进速度,防止地表沉降超出控制值。
由敏感性分析可得,泥浆密度、泥浆黏度、掘进速度3项掘进参数对隧道轴线正上方地表沉降影响最大,故针对这3项进行穷举实验,分析指标改变时对沉降表现的具体影响情况。
对掘进参数除上述3项的其他指标进行数理统计,得到各指标的平均值与众数值,发现平均数与众数差距不是特别大,其中切口水压数值较小,即使两者差距百分比接近25%,但数值并无很大波动,故在穷举试验中非自变量指标均取平均值。
表4所示,根据数理统计结果,速度范围取为5~50 mm/min,等间隔取10个值构成速度自变量。由于推进速度分为3个值,但是分析现有台账数据(部分数据如表2所示)发现三者速度具有极大关联,基本相差1左右,故以此规律构成速度自变量矩阵。同理设定泥浆密度与泥浆黏度取值范围分别为1.1~1.3 g/cm3,20~40 s,等间隔10个值构成密度自变量与黏度自变量。依照该10×10×10的自变量进行试验穷举,通过所建立的神经网络模型求得沉降预测值,得到如图14所示的三维沉降示意图。3个坐标轴分别代表泥浆密度、泥浆黏度与推进速度。每个标点颜色由其沉降值在色彩条上的映射决定。
图14所示,盾构机推进速度越快,沉降控制越好,对地表沉降的影响越小。当推进速度较小时,可以通过提高泥浆密度来控制地表沉降。降低泥浆黏度也有助于地表沉降减少,如果发生地表隆起,可以适当调低泥浆黏度。从图14中整体的沉降表现可见,高黏度、高推进速度的掘进参数下,地表沉降表现为轻微隆起或轻微沉降,主要掘进参数应在这个区间进行分布调整。上述结论与前人的结论相符合,证明了该方法的可行性。需注意所有数据都是在原有的施工质量与支护条件的基础上,故在参数调整时也需要注意其他条件应结合施工现场情况合理调整。
(1)结合掘进数据统计,建议推进速度在35 mm/min左右及以上设置,同时保持泥浆密度在1.2 g/cm3左右,泥浆黏度可以根据地表沉降表现适当调整,其他各参数与手段均保持并结合现场条件适当调整。
(2)当遇较差地质环境减慢推进速度时,可适当调整泥浆黏度在25 s左右,并适当调低泥浆密度,控制地表沉降,防止产生过大的隆起与沉降。
(3)上述数据基于依托工程所处地的地质情况,具体数值大小需结合具体工程情况,但参数调整趋势可参考上述结论。
依托哈尔滨地铁3号线,通过河松—河山叠落区间左线的地表沉降监测数据与泥水盾构机掘进数据,专门针对泥水盾构的地表沉降预测与控制进行研究,探讨了不同形式的沉降输出形式对神经网络训练效果的影响,并引入盾构机与地表监测点的距离状态标签,提高了神经网络预测效果。通过敏感性分析得出对地表沉降影响较大的因素并进行了穷举试验,得出主要参数对沉降的具体影响效果,结论如下。
(1)通过对掘进后第2天沉降值的预测,发现泥水盾构掘进在穿过某一环2 d后其地表沉降表现与掘进参数关联不大,故地表沉降分析需要在当天注浆凝固后及时监测,及时调整施工参数,防止地表沉降超出控制值。
(2)盾构机穿过某一环前、中、后会对该环上方的地表沉降产生不同的影响,将该影响结合神经网络进行地表沉降预测,可以获得较好的效果,验证了盾构机穿越隧道时可以划分为穿越前、中、后三段时期来考虑,后续基于神经网络对地表沉降的研究可考虑纳入该项指标。
(3)泥水盾构掘进参数中,泥浆密度与泥浆黏度对地表沉降的影响最大。两者具有一定的耦合关系,降低泥浆黏度和提高泥浆密度可控制地表下沉,提高推进速度可以降低施工对地表沉降的影响。在施工过程中,要结合地表沉降表现,及时调整参数,以控制泥浆为主,同时注意盾构机速度与推力控制。
  • 国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(52109130)
  • 中国博士后科学基金(2022M711930)
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309787
  • 接收时间:2023-12-12
  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
  • 出版时间:2025-02-18
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-12
  • 修回日期:2024-11-18
基金
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(52109130)
中国博士后科学基金(2022M711930)
作者信息
    1 山东大学岩土与结构工程研究中心, 济南 250061
    2 山东大学齐鲁交通学院, 济南 250061
    3 山东大学土建与水利学院, 济南 250061
    4 哈尔滨地铁集团有限公司, 哈尔滨 150000

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">*张凤凯(1993—),男,汉族,山东临清人,博士,博士后。研究方向:模拟成像、地震反演、探地雷达数据处理等。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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