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Reinforcement and water sealing effect difficult to achieve by conventional stratum grouting method in strong seepage sandy soil stratum. In order to study the mechanical characteristics of freezing-grouting combination in water-rich sand stratum, the stress-strain relationship and its influencing factors of artificially frozen cement sand were studied by triaxial tests, and the variation law and strength mechanism of stress-strain relationship of samples under different freezing temperature, curing age and confining pressure were discussed. The results show that the stress-strain curve of frozen cement-sand has a certain strain-hardened nonlinear ductility stage including compaction stage linear elasticity stage nonlinear ductility stage and strain-hardening stage. The non-linear increase of cohesion and internal angle of frozen cement-sand due to the curing age of freezing temperature increases the shear strength of frozen cement-sand, and the non-linear ductility phase strain ratio enhances the brittleness of frozen cement-sand. The increase of confining pressure increases the shear strength of frozen cement-sand, and the proportion of strain in nonlinear ductility stage improves the ductility of frozen cement-sand. Based on Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion, a non-linear strength prediction model of frozen cement sand was established, which considered the influence of freezing temperature and curing age. The error between the predicted results and the measured values is less than 5% The research results can provide parameter support for the fine design of freezing-grouting combined reinforcement scheme for water-rich sandy soil stratum.
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在强渗流砂土地层中,常规的地层注浆法难以达到理想的加固、封水效果。为了研究富水砂土地层冻结-注浆联合体的力学特性,通过三轴试验对人工冻结水泥砂土的应力应变关系及其影响因素开展研究,探讨不同冻结环境温度、养护龄期和围压等条件下试样应力应变关系变化规律及强度机理。结果表明:冻结水泥砂土应力应变曲线具有一定应变强化的非线性延性阶段,整体包括密实阶段,线弹性阶段,非线性延性阶段,破坏阶段,呈应变软化型。冻结环境温度的降低、养护龄期的增加使得土体黏聚力和內摩擦角呈非线性增长趋势,提高了冻结水泥砂土抗剪强度,减少了非线性延性阶段应变占比,增强了冻结水泥砂土的脆性;围压的增大提高了冻结水泥砂土抗剪强度,增加了非线性延性阶段应变占比,提高了冻结水泥砂土的延性。基于莫尔-库伦强度准则,建立考虑冻结环境温度和养护龄期综合影响的冻结水泥砂土强度非线性预测模型,预测结果与实测值误差小于5%。研究成果可为富水砂土地层冻结-注浆联合加固方案精细化设计提供参数支持。
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袁昌(1990—),男,汉族,江西南昌人,博士,讲师。研究方向:冻土工程理论与技术。E-mail:yuanchang@lzb.ac.cn。
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1 School of Civil and Architectural Engineering Donghua University of Technology Nanchang 330013 China
2 Jiangxi Geological Environment and Underground Space Engineering Research Center Nanchang 330013 China
3 State Key Laboratory of Frozen soil Engineering of Northwest Institute of Ecological Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1156986861970346581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, authorId=1156986861810963022, language=CN, stringName=袁昌, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1 东华理工大学 土木与建筑工程学院 南昌 330013
2 江西省地质环境与地下空间工程研究中心 南昌 330013
3 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 冻土工程国家重点实验室 兰州 730000, bio={"content":"
袁昌(1990—),男,汉族,江西南昌人,博士,讲师。研究方向:冻土工程理论与技术。E-mail:yuanchang@lzb.ac.cn。
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袁昌(1990—),男,汉族,江西南昌人,博士,讲师。研究方向:冻土工程理论与技术。E-mail:yuanchang@lzb.ac.cn。
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1 School of Civil and Architectural Engineering Donghua University of Technology Nanchang 330013 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1156986862184256094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, authorId=1156986862029066840, language=CN, stringName=钟天乾, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1 东华理工大学 土木与建筑工程学院 南昌 330013, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1156986861420892729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1156986861429281338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, companyId=1156986861420892729, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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1 School of Civil and Architectural Engineering Donghua University of Technology Nanchang 330013 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1156986862360416870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, authorId=1156986862242976353, language=CN, stringName=马起涛, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1 东华理工大学 土木与建筑工程学院 南昌 330013, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1156986861420892729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1156986861429281338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, companyId=1156986861420892729, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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1 School of Civil and Architectural Engineering Donghua University of Technology Nanchang 330013 China
2 Jiangxi Geological Environment and Underground Space Engineering Research Center Nanchang 330013 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1156986862561743471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, authorId=1156986862423331433, language=CN, stringName=陈鑫, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1 东华理工大学 土木与建筑工程学院 南昌 330013
2 江西省地质环境与地下空间工程研究中心 南昌 330013, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1156986861420892729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1156986861429281338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, companyId=1156986861420892729, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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1 东华理工大学 土木与建筑工程学院 南昌 330013)]), AuthorCompany(id=1156986861492195901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1156986861500584510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, companyId=1156986861492195901, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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2 江西省地质环境与地下空间工程研究中心 南昌 330013)])]), Author(id=1156986862628852338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1156986862691766901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, authorId=1156986862628852338, language=EN, stringName=Dong-wei LI, firstName=Dong-wei, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
4, address=
4 School of Architectural Engineering Dalian University Dalian 116622 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1156986862750487160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, authorId=1156986862628852338, language=CN, stringName=李栋伟, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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4 大连大学 建筑工程学院 大连 116622, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1156986861647385157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1156986861651579462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, companyId=1156986861647385157, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
4 School of Architectural Engineering Dalian University Dalian 116622 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1156986861655773767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, companyId=1156986861647385157, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
4 大连大学 建筑工程学院 大连 116622)])]), Author(id=1156986862825984635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1156986862901482111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, authorId=1156986862825984635, language=EN, stringName=Yuan-ming LAI, firstName=Yuan-ming, middleName=null, lastName=LAI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
3, 5, address=
3 State Key Laboratory of Frozen soil Engineering of Northwest Institute of Ecological Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China
5 School of Civil Engineering Chongqing Jiaotong University Chongqing 400074 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1156986862956008065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, authorId=1156986862825984635, language=CN, stringName=赖远明, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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3 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 冻土工程国家重点实验室 兰州 730000
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Grading of sand and soil particles, figureFileSmall=52uM72J+eFnZYtR3slPgeQ==, figureFileBig=3h3IuNE3DA2oaPF0uysJPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986864889582252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
砂土颗粒级配, figureFileSmall=52uM72J+eFnZYtR3slPgeQ==, figureFileBig=3h3IuNE3DA2oaPF0uysJPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986864952496814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=
Stress and strain curves of frozen cement sand and frozen sand, figureFileSmall=DWHQu0HjSphaz20+tc3PnA==, figureFileBig=ST3Wfn+1RqG2e1mBgKDxZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986865011217072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
冻结水泥砂土和冻结砂土应力应变曲线, figureFileSmall=DWHQu0HjSphaz20+tc3PnA==, figureFileBig=ST3Wfn+1RqG2e1mBgKDxZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986865069937330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=
Stress and strain curves of frozen cement sand at different freezing ambient temperatures(14d), figureFileSmall=bPbYvqdDYpIoR9xMdC4n5Q==, figureFileBig=VkCCESOnIyRtfaBPqgLgdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986865128657588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
不同冻结环境温度下冻结水泥砂土应力应变曲线(14 d), figureFileSmall=bPbYvqdDYpIoR9xMdC4n5Q==, figureFileBig=VkCCESOnIyRtfaBPqgLgdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986865187377846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=
Change curve of nonlinear ductility stage with freezing ambient temperature(14d), figureFileSmall=rSAlOborObQTK+0hiKlz6w==, figureFileBig=08O/Shd09UoV1OQDY8iSCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986865254486712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
非线性延性阶段随冻结环境温度的变化曲线(14d), figureFileSmall=rSAlOborObQTK+0hiKlz6w==, figureFileBig=08O/Shd09UoV1OQDY8iSCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986865317401274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=
Effect of freezing ambient temperature on peak stress of frozen cement sand (${14}\mathrm{\;d}$), figureFileSmall=82gdIgs74DR8ebxnBD9ocw==, figureFileBig=9R1Uvg8aaYVZW1HyAQuJfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986865367732924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
冻结环境温度对冻结水泥砂土峰值应力的影响(14d), figureFileSmall=82gdIgs74DR8ebxnBD9ocw==, figureFileBig=9R1Uvg8aaYVZW1HyAQuJfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986865661334206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=
Curve of cohesion and internal friction angle with temperature(14d), figureFileSmall=9SCAnt1lF6EY45ImeOB4PQ==, figureFileBig=eDj8ahSR941vvOfYqQNb7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986865711665856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
黏聚力、内摩擦角随温度变化曲线 (14 d), figureFileSmall=9SCAnt1lF6EY45ImeOB4PQ==, figureFileBig=eDj8ahSR941vvOfYqQNb7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986865778774722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=
Curve of residual stress of frozen cement sand with freezing ambient temperature(14d), figureFileSmall=nBRqZ+VGI7wAVRR4Tf0SQw==, figureFileBig=weBzsH8GtH25ApjfjKhwQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986865833300676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
冻结水泥砂土残余应力随冻结环境温度变化曲线 (14 d), figureFileSmall=nBRqZ+VGI7wAVRR4Tf0SQw==, figureFileBig=weBzsH8GtH25ApjfjKhwQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986865892020934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=
Stress and strain curve of frozen cement sand under different curing age conditions, figureFileSmall=Xm+xJI3N+CmNMOfM3T0CdQ==, figureFileBig=35lZr3zvUTODOH9ofSUP4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986865950741192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
不同养护龄期条件下冻结水泥砂土应力应变曲线, figureFileSmall=Xm+xJI3N+CmNMOfM3T0CdQ==, figureFileBig=35lZr3zvUTODOH9ofSUP4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986866022044362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=
Change curve of nonlinear ductility stage with maintenance age(300kPa), figureFileSmall=OWJ7C+dzqYpKegCQg0BYkA==, figureFileBig=i4YGCmxag7rY6bxUANdLUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986866080764620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
非线性延性阶段随养护龄期的变化曲线(300kPa), figureFileSmall=OWJ7C+dzqYpKegCQg0BYkA==, figureFileBig=i4YGCmxag7rY6bxUANdLUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986866143679182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=
Effect of curing age on peak stress of frozen cement sand (${300}\mathrm{\;{kPa}}$), figureFileSmall=eAR4J7guMy8bWmffV8RgVA==, figureFileBig=Lps6zRygwwr7wxe6eh+yCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986866202399440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=CN, label=图10, caption=
养护龄期对冻结水泥砂土峰值应力的影响(300kPa), figureFileSmall=eAR4J7guMy8bWmffV8RgVA==, figureFileBig=Lps6zRygwwr7wxe6eh+yCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986866252731090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=
Change curve of cohesion and internal friction angle with maintenance age $\left({-{10}{}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}}\right)$, figureFileSmall=8oR3p82sA7MXef4OlyxezA==, figureFileBig=1mZsgFyVKsuQSROy/GEG8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986866303062740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=CN, label=图11, caption=
黏聚力、内摩擦角随养护龄期变化曲线 ($-{10}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$), figureFileSmall=8oR3p82sA7MXef4OlyxezA==, figureFileBig=1mZsgFyVKsuQSROy/GEG8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986866353394390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=EN, label=Fig. 12, caption=
Effect of maintenance age on residual stress of frozen cement sand(300kPa), figureFileSmall=62hwJQm8pYjc94kCDJqNHw==, figureFileBig=OLo9pHBo4h+oZC+Sb82kiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986866416308952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=CN, label=图12, caption=
养护龄期对冻结水泥砂土残余应力的影响(300kPa), figureFileSmall=62hwJQm8pYjc94kCDJqNHw==, figureFileBig=OLo9pHBo4h+oZC+Sb82kiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986866483417819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=EN, label=Fig. 13, caption=
Effect of enclosure pressure on stress and strain curve of frozen cement sand (freezing temperature $-{10}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$), figureFileSmall=//ZW1FFrKjlMI88GIyiL2w==, figureFileBig=dTIwZi4bX+1l3IX+3jPq5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986866537943773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=CN, label=图13, caption=
围压对冻结水泥砂土应力应变曲线的影响 (冻结环境温度 $-{10}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$), figureFileSmall=//ZW1FFrKjlMI88GIyiL2w==, figureFileBig=dTIwZi4bX+1l3IX+3jPq5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986866600858335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=EN, label=Fig. 14, caption=
Failure pattern of frozen cement sand under different pressure, figureFileSmall=U4eYi9SMTshxy1z3qkfH8w==, figureFileBig=fqrEtGa6N2AgLxZ9WJvMXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986866663772897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=CN, label=图14, caption=
不同围压下冻结水泥砂土破坏形态, figureFileSmall=U4eYi9SMTshxy1z3qkfH8w==, figureFileBig=fqrEtGa6N2AgLxZ9WJvMXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986866735076067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=EN, label=Fig. 15, caption=
Change curve of nonlinear ductility stage with circumference pressure $\left({-{10}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}}\right)$, figureFileSmall=XYt5/iTbhkBzTCaH6b+JKw==, figureFileBig=qUESA+LE/SjNddElNRffQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986866793796325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=CN, label=图15, caption=
非线性延性阶段随围压的变化曲线 $\left({-{10}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}}\right)$, figureFileSmall=XYt5/iTbhkBzTCaH6b+JKw==, figureFileBig=qUESA+LE/SjNddElNRffQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986866856710887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=EN, label=Fig. 16, caption=
Effect of surpressure on peak stress of frozen cement sand ($-{10}{}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$), figureFileSmall=7Zdum+ckqNHOENp3gDUkEg==, figureFileBig=YGY2jTrCMmNRBPtsBbaaog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986866923819753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=CN, label=图16, caption=
围压对冻结水泥砂土峰值应力的影响 $\left({-{10}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}}\right)$, figureFileSmall=7Zdum+ckqNHOENp3gDUkEg==, figureFileBig=YGY2jTrCMmNRBPtsBbaaog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986866974151403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=EN, label=Fig. 17, caption=
Effect of surpressure on residual stress of free frozen cement sand $\left({-{10}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}}\right)$, figureFileSmall=n0tofU+O4bJcCoi8M5Noug==, figureFileBig=lMhOaQz2q25cdjFUijKZ+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986867041260269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=CN, label=图17, caption=
围压对冻结水泥砂土残余应力的影响 $\left({-{10}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}}\right)$, figureFileSmall=n0tofU+O4bJcCoi8M5Noug==, figureFileBig=lMhOaQz2q25cdjFUijKZ+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986867104174831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=EN, label=Fig. 18, caption=
Changes of cohesion, internal friction Angle and shear strength with temperature, figureFileSmall=x70oRtJ5i3oSB+ZBSlQeJQ==, figureFileBig=uu2PDwzosZFCdd2fbBdu/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986867183866609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=CN, label=图18, caption=
黏聚力、内摩擦角、抗剪强度随温度变化规律, figureFileSmall=x70oRtJ5i3oSB+ZBSlQeJQ==, figureFileBig=uu2PDwzosZFCdd2fbBdu/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986867250975475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=EN, label=Fig. 19, caption=
Shear strength index-curing age-temperature regression equation diagram, figureFileSmall=K9jLbVwwhNtfbyOSpYhqHw==, figureFileBig=cvCOC5bEwzZ0bqU91HKE4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986867334861557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=CN, label=图19, caption=
抗剪强度指标-养护龄期-温度回归方程图, figureFileSmall=K9jLbVwwhNtfbyOSpYhqHw==, figureFileBig=cvCOC5bEwzZ0bqU91HKE4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986867385193207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=EN, label=Fig. 20, caption=
Compare measured and predicted values of shear strength, figureFileSmall=Wflpv7myR3jcDe/Hxjvoqg==, figureFileBig=+F1dd+wFWRzGVxkw2Nbygg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986867448107769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=CN, label=图20, caption=
抗剪强度实测值与预测值对比, figureFileSmall=Wflpv7myR3jcDe/Hxjvoqg==, figureFileBig=+F1dd+wFWRzGVxkw2Nbygg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986867519410939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Basic physical properties indexes of water-rich sand soil, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 土样 | 含水率 | 比重 | 干密度 $/\left({\mathrm{g}\cdot {\mathrm{{cm}}}^{-3}}\right)$ | 孔隙率/% |
| 砂 | 饱和 | 2.64 | 1.71 | 35.10 |
), ArticleFig(id=1156986867578131197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
富水砂土的基本物理性质指标, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 土样 | 含水率 | 比重 | 干密度 $/\left({\mathrm{g}\cdot {\mathrm{{cm}}}^{-3}}\right)$ | 孔隙率/% |
| 砂 | 饱和 | 2.64 | 1.71 | 35.10 |
), ArticleFig(id=1156986867645240063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Grain size of sand soil, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 有效粒径/$\mathrm{{mm}}$ | 中值粒径/$\mathrm{{mm}}$ | 限制粒径/$\mathrm{{mm}}$ | 不均匀 系数 | 曲率 系数 | 细度 模数 |
| 0.184 | 0.420 | 0.940 | 5.11 | 1.02 | 2.71 |
), ArticleFig(id=1156986867699766017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
砂土粒径, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 有效粒径/$\mathrm{{mm}}$ | 中值粒径/$\mathrm{{mm}}$ | 限制粒径/$\mathrm{{mm}}$ | 不均匀 系数 | 曲率 系数 | 细度 模数 |
| 0.184 | 0.420 | 0.940 | 5.11 | 1.02 | 2.71 |
), ArticleFig(id=1156986867754291971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Chemical composition of cement, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 型号 | 质量分数 $/\%$ | 烧矢量/$\%$ |
| ${\mathrm{S}}_{\mathrm{i}}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ | ${\mathrm{{Al}}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ | ${\mathrm{{Fe}}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ | CaO | $\mathrm{{MgO}}$ | ${\mathrm{{SO}}}_{3}$ |
| P. 0 42.5 | 24.3 | 4.8 | 3.8 | 55.3 | 4.2 | 2.2 | 2.4 |
), ArticleFig(id=1156986867808817925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
水泥化学成分, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 型号 | 质量分数 $/\%$ | 烧矢量/$\%$ |
| ${\mathrm{S}}_{\mathrm{i}}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ | ${\mathrm{{Al}}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ | ${\mathrm{{Fe}}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ | CaO | $\mathrm{{MgO}}$ | ${\mathrm{{SO}}}_{3}$ |
| P. 0 42.5 | 24.3 | 4.8 | 3.8 | 55.3 | 4.2 | 2.2 | 2.4 |
), ArticleFig(id=1156986867888509703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=
Test protocol, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 序号 | 冻结环境温度 ${P}^{\prime }\mathrm{C}$ | 围压 $/\mathrm{{kPa}}$ | 养护龄期/d |
| 1 | 0 | 100 | 3 |
| 2 | -5 | 200 | 7 |
| 3 | -10 | 300 | 14 |
| 4 | -15 | 400 | 28 |
| 5 | -20 | 500 | - |
), ArticleFig(id=1156986867947229961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
试验方案, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 序号 | 冻结环境温度 ${P}^{\prime }\mathrm{C}$ | 围压 $/\mathrm{{kPa}}$ | 养护龄期/d |
| 1 | 0 | 100 | 3 |
| 2 | -5 | 200 | 7 |
| 3 | -10 | 300 | 14 |
| 4 | -15 | 400 | 28 |
| 5 | -20 | 500 | - |
), ArticleFig(id=1156986868018533131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=
Fitting parameters and degree of fit ${R}^{2}$ data sheet, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 围压/$\mathrm{{kPa}}$ | 拟合参数 ${y}_{0}/\mathrm{{MPa}}$ | 拟合参数 ${A}_{1}/\mathrm{{MPa}}$ | 拟合参数 ${t}_{1}$ | ${R}^{2}$ |
| 100 | 10.777 78 | -7.924 53 | $-{11.544}\;{67}$ | 0.987 9 |
| 200 | 11.076 10 | -7.952 98 | -11.73497 | 0.989 2 |
| 300 | 11.776 28 | -8.307 02 | $-{13.297}\;{46}$ | 0.9880 |
| 400 | 12.339 35 | -8.323 70 | -14.376 16 | 0.993 9 |
| 500 | 12.827 90 | -8.565 96 | -14.678 93 | 0.994 9 |
), ArticleFig(id=1156986868081447693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931207062117, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
拟合参数与拟合度 ${\mathbf{R}}^{2}$ 数据, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 围压/$\mathrm{{kPa}}$ | 拟合参数 ${y}_{0}/\mathrm{{MPa}}$ | 拟合参数 ${A}_{1}/\mathrm{{MPa}}$ | 拟合参数 ${t}_{1}$ | ${R}^{2}$ |
| 100 | 10.777 78 | -7.924 53 | $-{11.544}\;{67}$ | 0.987 9 |
| 200 | 11.076 10 | -7.952 98 | -11.73497 | 0.989 2 |
| 300 | 11.776 28 | -8.307 02 | $-{13.297}\;{46}$ | 0.9880 |
| 400 | 12.339 35 | -8.323 70 | -14.376 16 | 0.993 9 |
| 500 | 12.827 90 | -8.565 96 | -14.678 93 | 0.994 9 |
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